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Journal articles on the topic 'Droi comparé des contrats'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Downe, Alexis. "Le contrat de gré à gré en droit comparé." Revue internationale de droit comparé 73 e année, no. 1 (2021): 129–44. https://doi.org/10.3917/ridc.731.0128.

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Depuis la réforme de 2016, le contrat de gré à gré est opposé au contrat d’adhésion dans le Code civil sans que sa nature et son régime soient clairement identifiés. L’examen du droit anglais permet de mettre en avant ses particularités. D’abord, le contrat de gré à gré est une convention où la liberté contractuelle des parties a pu pleinement s’épanouir. C’est pour cela qu’il est possible de déroger à de nombreuses règles par le biais d’un contrat de gré à gré. C’est également pour cette même raison que le contrôle instauré par l’article 1170 du Code civil, qui vise tous les contrats dont le

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2

Spinosi, Camille Jauffret. "Une perspective de droit comparé." La réforme du droit des obligations 30, no. 3 (2005): 657–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042969ar.

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L'idée d'énoncer le droit dans un code constitue un projet ambitieux. L'évolution du temps a démontré les insuffisances du code actuel et le rôle fondamental joué par la jurisprudence. Avant d'aller plus loin dans le processus législatif, il faut se poser certaines questions indispensables. Faut-il toujours codifier dans le secteur des obligations et, si oui, que faut-il codifier ? Le législateur ne peut prétendre poser des règles précises en toutes matières, particulièrement dans le domaine des contrats où la volonté des parties doit s'exprimer. Par une démarche comparatiste, on aborde d'une

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3

Salvat, Odile. "Le juge anglais et les « contrats spéciaux ». Perspective de droit comparé." Revue internationale de droit comparé 70, no. 4 (2018): 921–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2018.21000.

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4

Fokou, Éric. "La notion d’économie du contrat en droit français et québécois." Revue générale de droit 46, no. 2 (2017): 343–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038621ar.

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Pour la doctrine française, l’économie du contrat constitue l’une des notions prétoriennes les plus influentes en droit contemporain des contrats. Notion à géométrie variable, née en jurisprudence française en 1894, l’économie du contrat fut reprise dès 1919 par les juridictions québécoises. Son essor reste cependant plus significatif en droit français où elle a reçu, depuis lors, une stature constitutionnelle. Cette étude propose, dans une approche systématico-fonctionnaliste, d’examiner les contours et les solutions que la notion inspire à travers le prisme du droit comparé, et présente dès

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Dijon, Xavier. "Éléments de droit comparé pour une théorie générale des contrats coutumiers au Burkina." Revue interdisciplinaire d'études juridiques 15, no. 2 (1985): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riej.015.0129.

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6

Luppi, Barbara, Francesco Parisi, and Marta Cenini. "Enforcing Bilateral Promises: A Comparative Law and Economics Perspective." European Review of Private Law 21, Issue 2 (2013): 423–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2013022.

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Abstract: Parties often exchange promises of future performance with one another. Legal systems frame and regulate contracts involving the exchange of bilateral promises of future performance differently from one another. Two conceptual and practical questions often arise in these bilateral situations. Should a breaching promisor be allowed to force the performance of his non-breaching promisee? Should a breaching party be able to collect damages in a contract if his counterpart was also in breach? This article examines these interrelated questions from a comparative law and economics perspect

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7

Lando, Ole. "Is Good Faith an Over-Arching General Clause in the Principles of European Contract Law?" European Review of Private Law 15, Issue 6 (2007): 841–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2007048.

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Abstract: In this article, O. Lando investigates if good faith can be considered an overarching principle in European contract law. It looks at the principle from a historical and comparative law perspective. In all continental European countries a general principle of good faith can be found. The principle is also encountered in the Principles of European Contract Law, the Unidroit Principles of Commercial Contracts and, to some extent, in the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods. However, in English law good faith is not treated as an over-arching principle, although the prin

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8

Normand, Sylvio, and Pierre-Gabriel Jobin. "La pensée de Paul-André Crépeau à travers ses écrits doctrinaux." Les Cahiers de droit 60, no. 1 (2019): 3–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058566ar.

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Au milieu du xxe siècle, l’engagement de professeurs de carrière annonce la transformation des facultés de droit. Paul-André Crépeau compte au nombre de ces recrues qui ont poursuivi des études supérieures à l’étranger. Il se voit confier en 1965 la présidence de l’Office de révision du Code civil. Il pilote ce vaste chantier ; son nom demeure indissociable du Projet de Code civil. Comme auteur de doctrine, il publie abondamment en droit des contrats, puis s’intéresse à la codification et à la lexicographie. Il s’exprime en usant de nombreux procédés d’écriture. Il écrit souvent pour influence

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9

Poillot, Elise. "Le droit comparé au service de la compréhension de l’acquis communautaire en droit privé [L’exemple du droit de rétractation dans la directive 97/ 7/ CE concernant la protection des consommateurs en matière de contrats à distance]." Revue internationale de droit comparé 57, no. 4 (2005): 1017–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2005.19391.

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10

Gruyaert, Dorothy, and Sander Van Loock. "UK Supreme Court Decision on Lehman Brothers Client Money: Equity or Lottery?" European Review of Private Law 22, Issue 2 (2014): 217–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2014022.

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Abstract: The insolvency of Lehman Brothers International (Europe) ('LBIE') gave rise to the decision of the UK Supreme Court handed down on 29 February 2012, in what has come to be known as the 'client money application'. The key issue on which the Supreme Court had to decide was the determination of the money that should be pooled for distribution to Lehman Brothers' clients. A tight three to two majority interpreted the applicable client money rules as enabling clients whose money was not segregated to share in the client money pool ('CMP') together with clients whose money was segregated.

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Cavaleri, Sylvie Cécile. "The Validity of Knock-for-Knock Clauses in Comparative Perspective." European Review of Private Law 26, Issue 1 (2018): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2018002.

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Abstract: This article discusses the validity of so-called knock-for-knock clauses, by which parties to offshore oil and gas or maritime contracts agree that each of them will cover its own losses regardless of who caused them. The issue of validity of such clauses and of the liability exclusions they contain is analysed in a comparative perspective between the law of their tradition of origin (common law, especially UK law) and Nordic civil law, where such agreements are also frequently used, namely in the context of oil extraction activities in the North Sea. Based on an assessment of the di

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12

Oudin, Martin. "Un droit europén ... pour quel contrat ? Recherches sur les frontières du contrat en droit comparé." Revue internationale de droit comparé 59, no. 3 (2007): 475–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2007.19533.

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13

Anderssen, Harald Benestad. "The Duty of Disclosure in the PEICL: A Scandinavian Perspective." European Review of Private Law 25, Issue 5 (2017): 967–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2017060.

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Abstract: The rules on the disclosure obligations of insurance applicants are key in determining what information an insurer receives at the time an insurance contract is concluded, and thus the insurer’s risk level. All European countries have therefore adopted rules on the disclosure obligations of applicants for insurance. Equivalent rules are found in the Principles of European Insurance Contract Law (PEICL). Provided that the related European political and legislative process reaches a successful conclusion, this optional instrument will offer contracting parties an alternative for the re

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14

Colot, Olivier, Claire Dupont, and Romina Giuliano. "Évolution des pratiques de GRH affectant le bien-être en période de crise financière : le cas des entreprises familiales belges." Management & Sciences Sociales N° 17, no. 2 (2014): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mss.017.0087.

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Cet article est centré sur les particularités des conditions de travail développées dans les entreprises familiales et leur évolution durant la crise financière. Plus précisément, nous nous sommes intéressés aux déterminants intrinsèques à l’entreprise qui pourraient influencer le bien-être des travailleurs. Nous avons ainsi analysé la manière dont les entreprises familiales belges ont fait face à la crise comparé à leurs homologues non familiales, en observant l’évolution de certains indicateurs sociaux qui pourraient, en se focalisant sur des conditions de travail spécifiques, refléter l’int

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15

Kruisinga, Sonja. "The Sellers Right to Cure in the CISG and the Common European Sales Law." European Review of Private Law 19, Issue 6 (2011): 907–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2011063.

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Abstract: One of the purposes of the recently published Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law (hereinafter 'Common European Sales Law') is to improve the functioning of the internal market. The Common European Sales Law allows a seller the right to cure any lack of conformity in the goods delivered. During the period of time to carry out such a cure, the buyer may not exercise any remedy that is inconsistent with allowing the seller a period of time to effect a cure. The buyer may, however, withhold performance pending a cure. The UN Convention on the International Sale of G

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16

Grammond, Sébastien. "La règle sur les clauses abusives sous l’éclairage du droit comparé." Les Cahiers de droit 51, no. 1 (2010): 83–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044137ar.

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Dans la présente étude, l’auteur analyse les arguments employés par les juges québécois lorsqu’ils décident si une clause d’un contrat est abusive, selon l’article 1437 du Code civil du Québec. Cette analyse est inspirée de la distinction souvent employée en common law entre le volet processuel et le volet substantif de l’injustice contractuelle. Ainsi, les tribunaux ont recours à des facteurs substantiels pour évaluer le caractère abusif d’une clause, comme l’équivalence des prestations, la proportionnalité, la réciprocité, la commutativité, l’écart par rapport aux obligations habituelles ou

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Schulte-Nölke, Hans. "The Objectives of Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair Contract Terms: An Overview after 30 Years of Case Law." European Review of Private Law 32, Issue 3 (2024): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2024024.

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Abstract: This article first sets out some views on the objectives and the functions of Directive 93/13/ EEC on Unfair Contract Terms (UCTD). This is then compared with the way in which the UCTD is applied, using selected examples from the case law of the ECJ, in particular characteristic judgments on the transparency of terms, the fairness of terms and the effect of the unfairness of individual terms on the remainder of the contract. The aim is to outline the general function of the UCTD in the system of contract law, consumer protection and civil justice, as well as the underlying notion of

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Crothers, John D. "Faute lourde and the Perfectly Drafted Exclusion Clause: A « civil» Response to a « Common » Problem with Special Reference to Contracts for the Provision of Security Services." Les Cahiers de droit 26, no. 4 (2005): 881–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042694ar.

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Devant la reconnaissance judiciaire accrue des clauses d'exonération clairement rédigées, il est devenu pratiquement impossible d'écarter l’application de telles clauses aux litiges en responsabilité. L'auteur affirme que le monde commercial a besoin de ces clauses, mais souligne qu'il faut également protéger la bonne foi entre les co-contractants afin d'assurer des normes minimales de rendement dans l'exécution des contrats. A cet égard, l'auteur pose le problème suivant : supposons que le demandeur engage une compagnie de sécurité pour protéger son usine contre les risques de vol et de feu.

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Visscher, Louis, Bernold Nieuwesteeg, and Bob de Waard. "The Law and Economics of Cyber Insurance Contracts: A Case Study." European Review of Private Law 26, Issue 3 (2018): 371–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2018027.

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Abstract: We combine cyber risk literature with insurance law and economics literature to study cyber insurance contracts. We aim to explore to what extent current cyber insurance contracts contribute to social welfare, both theoretically and empirically. First, we discuss main trade-offs in insuring cyber risk within a theoretical framework. This framework also includes strategic behaviour of market participants and impediments for market growth that result from the complex dynamics of cyber risk. Subsequently, a case study in the Netherlands compares the theoretical expectations with the act

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20

Bouchard, Charlaine. "Les rapprochements entre la société de personnes et le partnership : une étude de droit comparé canadien." Les Cahiers de droit 42, no. 2 (2005): 155–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043635ar.

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En droit civil ainsi qu'en common law, la société est un groupement contractuel de personnes de nature particulière puisque, en plus de la création d'obligations entre les associés, celui-ci engendre une représentation à l'égard des tiers. Au Québec, sous l'empire du Code civil du Bas Canada, la majorité, tant en jurisprudence qu'en doctrine, expliquait cette représentation par la personnalité morale. Aujourd'hui, en vertu du Code civil du Québec, le débat ne se présente plus de la même façon. L'individualité juridique est maintenue, mais la qualité de personne morale est niée. Dans les autres

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21

Hosgood, Nicolas, and Eric Penot. "Plantations Hti à Sumatra : le coût d'opportunité comme outil de négociation entre communautés locales et compagnies privées." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 295 (March 1, 2008): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2008.295.a20393.

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En Indonésie, l'industrie de la pâte à papier est en plein essor depuis plus d'une décennie à travers la politique de conversion de forêts naturelles. À Sumatra, de grands conglomérats papetiers ont construit des usines de transformation gigantesques en proximité de très vastes concessions accordées par le gouvernement. Mais les industries sont confrontées à un grave problème d'approvisionnement. Dans la plupart des cas, le bois provient encore de forêts naturelles ou dégradées. Une fois cette source épuisée, les plantations actuelles ne suffiront pas à couvrir les besoins en matière première.

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22

Lagarde, Paul. "La loi applicable au contrat de distribution commerciale." Revue générale de droit 21, no. 4 (2019): 669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058212ar.

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En principe, les parties à un contrat de distribution peuvent choisir librement la loi applicable à leur contrat. Mais, à défaut de choix par les parties, la loi applicable est désignée par les systèmes de conflit de lois nationaux. Pour déterminer la loi applicable aux relations fournisseur et distributeur, l’auteur analyse et compare les règles de droit international privé de différents pays et celles de conventions internationales. Il dégage une nette tendance à l’application de la loi du pays où est situé l’établissement professionnel du distributeur. Il soulève la question de l’impact que

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23

Takahira, Kentaro, and Shigeo Matsubara. "Contract-based Inter-user Usage Coordination in Free-floating Car Sharing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 13 (2021): 11361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i13.17354.

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We propose a novel distributed user-car matching method based on a contract between users to mitigate the imbalance problem between vehicle distribution and demand in free-floating car sharing. Previous regulation methods involved an incentive system based on the predictions of origin-destination (OD) demand obtained from past usage history. However, the difficulty these methods have in obtaining accurate data limits their applicability. To overcome this drawback, we introduce contract-based coordination among drop-off and pick-up users in which an auction is conducted for drop-off users' inte

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Ouedraogo, Richard. "La prohibition en droit français des conventions de procréation et de gestation pour le compte d’autrui : analyse critique à partir de quelques observations du droit québécois." Revue générale de droit 45, no. 1 (2015): 269–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032040ar.

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Au début du mois d’août 2014, le monde a été témoin d’un effroyable fait divers australo-thaïlandais, mettant en lumière les pires dérives de l’internationalisation des fameux « contrats de mère porteuse ». En effet, l’abandon par un couple « commanditaire » d’un enfant trisomique à sa mère porteuse a suscité une grande émotion; il a aussi mis en évidence la nécessité, en Occident comme partout ailleurs, de mener un débat de fond pour évoluer vers des législations plus responsables en matière de filiation, qui respectent la dignité et l’intérêt de l’enfant. C’est dans ce contexte que le présen

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Bruder, Florian. "Burden of Proof and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Directive." European Review of Private Law 15, Issue 2 (2007): 205–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2007011.

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Abstract:In this article, the author examines how the concept of burden of proof applies to substantive issues governed by EC directives. Two decisions of the European Court of Justice give rise to the question of how national substantive and procedural law must accommodate EC policy and principle. Drawing on a general understanding of the concept of burden of proof, and a specific understanding with respect to the Directive in English and German law, the author puts forward how the burden of proof should be seen as regards to issues arising from Directive 93/13, in particular on the test of u

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Jutras, Daniel. "The Legal Dimensions of Everyday Life." Canadian journal of law and society 16, no. 1 (2001): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100006578.

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RésuméCe texte cherche à établir une pratique du droit comparé qui tienne compte des enseignements tirés du pluralisme juridique. Si la vie quotidienne et les rencontres fortuites sont régies par une constellation d'ordres normatifs, elles peuvent être comparées à d'autres ordres normatifs plus explicites et plus stables. On peut alors mettre en lumière la continuité, la discontinuité, et les caractéristiques divergentes et partagées de ces ordres existants à des niveaux différents dans une communauté donnée. La traduction culturelle permet de faire usage du langage et des concepts propre à ch

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27

Engholm Cardoso, Marcel Carvalho. "Tentatives et perspectives de régulation du financement du contentieux par des tiers." Revue internationale de droit économique XXXVIII, no. 2 (2024): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ride.382.0067.

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Cet article examine les diverses tentatives de régulation de la pratique du financement du contentieux par des tiers et propose une lecture systématisée des différentes approches réglementaires en droit comparé. Tout d’abord, l’article expose les quatre catégories de problèmes que les régulations étudiées tentent de résoudre : éthiques, contractuels, procéduraux et relatifs au marché. Ensuite, il identifie les approches réglementaires expérimentées en droit comparé, à savoir : l’autorégulation, la régulation par voie législative, la régulation ad hoc par les tribunaux, et l’application des règ

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Carniaux, Anton. "Les clauses financières restreignant la concurrence dans les contrats de licence : le droit américain, canadien et européen." Revue générale de droit 28, no. 2 (2016): 201–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035638ar.

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Le choix des modalités financières qui accompagnent tout contrat de transfert de technologie n’est jamais innocent. Il peut être tentant pour un donneur de licence d’imposer au licencié, par exemple, un prix de vente de sa technologie, ou encore d’exiger des modes particuliers de versement des redevances dues par le licencié. Ce dernier peut lui-même y trouver son compte. Toutefois, les droits de la concurrence américain, canadien et européen, encadrent plus ou moins la discussion sur ces aspects financiers. Sous cet angle particulier, ces droits font l’objet ici d’une étude comparée. Ces droi

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Jerez, Jorge Castiñeira. "The Unexpected Change of Circumstances Under American and Spanish Contract Law: Different Concepts, Different Methodology, Similar Outcomes." European Review of Private Law 25, Issue 5 (2017): 909–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2017058.

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Abstract: Several recent decisions by el Tribunal Supremo (Spanish Supreme Court) have expressed the need to reconsider the contractual problems that may arise following an unexpected change of circumstances. However, these court decisions have not helped achieve normalization since they apply foreign legislative concepts and disregard the basic principles of Spanish contract law. With the help of a comparative analysis, the aim of this article is to contribute to finding answers to a classical problem of Spanish contract law that needs an urgent solution in the context of the economic crisis.

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Kablan, Serge, and Arthur Oulaï. "La formalisation du devoir d’information dans les contrats de cyberconsommation : analyse de la solution québécoise." McGill Law Journal 54, no. 4 (2010): 627–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039647ar.

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Résumé Le 9 novembre 2006, l’Assemblée nationale du Québec a introduit le Projet de loi no 48, Loi modifiant la Loi sur la protection du consommateur et la Loi sur le recouvrement de certaines créances, en vue de moderniser certaines dispositions législatives en matière de consommation. La loi consécutive, sanctionnée le 14 décembre 2006 et dont l’entrée en vigueur progressive a été complétée le 15 décembre 2007, fixe un régime de protection particulier à l’égard des contrats conclus à distance. Le législateur vise notamment les contrats de cyberconsommation et établit un formalisme impératif

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Chiu, Loren Z. F., and Amy N. Moolyk. "Segment Kinematics Differ Between Jump and Drop Landings Regardless of Practice." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 5 (2015): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0101.

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Joint kinematics differ between jump and drop landings and there is evidence that segment kinematics may also be different. The purpose of this research was to compare lower extremity segment kinematics for jump and drop landings, and to examine if multiple days of practice would influence these kinematics. Men (n = 9) and women (n = 15) performed 4 sessions of jump and drop landings (40 cm and 60 cm) in a motion-capture laboratory. Segment kinematics at initial contact, foot flat, and peak knee flexion were compared between landing types and across visits. At initial contact, foot plantar fle

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Stanzione, Arnaldo, Francesco Verde, Roberta Galatola, et al. "Qualitative Heterogeneous Signal Drop on Chemical Shift (CS) MR Imaging: Correlative Quantitative Analysis between CS Signal Intensity Index and Contrast Washout Parameters Using T1-Weighted Sequences." Tomography 7, no. 4 (2021): 961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography7040079.

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The aim of this study was to calculate MRI quantitative parameters extracted from chemical-shift (CS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) T1-weighted (T1-WS) images of adrenal lesions (AL) with qualitative heterogeneous signal drop on CS T1-WS and compare them to those of AL with homogeneous or no signal drop on CS T1-WS. On 3 T MRI, 65 patients with a total of 72 AL were studied. CS images were qualitatively assessed for grouping AL as showing homogeneous (Group 1, n = 19), heterogeneous (Group 2, n = 23), and no (Group 3, n = 30) signal drop. Histopathology or follow-up data served as refere

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Chai, Gyeongdon, Seung-Hoon Yoo, Junkee Rhie, and Tae-Seob Kang. "Stress-Drop Scaling of the 2016 Gyeongju and 2017 Pohang Earthquake Sequences Using Coda-Based Methods." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 5 (2020): 2047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120200132.

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ABSTRACT Two M 5 earthquakes struck the southeastern Korean Peninsula in September 2016 and November 2017, causing damage near the epicentral areas. We analyze the stress-drop scaling of these two earthquake sequences using coda-based methods and Bayesian inversion. The 2016 Gyeongju earthquake sequence is a typical earthquake sequence generated by tectonic processes. In contrast, the 2017 Pohang earthquake sequence is believed to be related to fluid injections conducted for the development of enhanced geothermal systems. As the two sequences occurred in the same tectonic regime, our study pro

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Sanilevici, Renée. "Les Effets du Contrat dans les Pays du Marche Commun (The Effects of Contracts in Common Market Countries) étude comparative sous la direction de René Rodière. [Institut de droit comparé de l'Université de Paris II, Editions A. Pedone, Paris, 1985, 330 pp.]." Israel Law Review 23, no. 1 (1989): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700009584.

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Boccovi, Arlette. "Compte-rendu du XXXIVème Congrès de l’IDEF, « Vers un droit commun des contrats, à la lumière de la jurisprudence arabe comparée » (Sharjah, du 20 au 22 novembre 2017)." Revue internationale de droit comparé 70, no. 3 (2018): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2018.20979.

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Yılmaz, Alim, and Didem Geylani. "The Relationship Among the Rule of Law, Morality, and the Modern State." Journal of Humanity and Society (insan & toplum) 13, no. 1 (2023): 281–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.12658/m0688.

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At the heart of modern society and states is the concept of the rule of law as a fundamental principle. In the context of Stoicism, it is considered as a moral principle and Roman legal philosophy for removing arbitrariness from political judgments, practices, and processes. Accordingly, this article’s main goal is to examine the phenomenon of modern states, which began in Europe but has since spread to many other regions of the world, in terms of the rule of law as this notion is the basis for all modern states (i.e., positive law). A comparative study is conducted in this regard in order to

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Yılmaz, Alim, and Didem Geylani. "The Relationship Among the Rule of Law, Morality, and the Modern State." Journal of Humanity and Society (insan & toplum) 13, no. 1 (2023): 281–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.12658/m0684.

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At the heart of modern society and states is the concept of the rule of law as a fundamental principle. In the context of Stoicism, it is considered as a moral principle and Roman legal philosophy for removing arbitrariness from political judgments, practices, and processes. Accordingly, this article’s main goal is to examine the phenomenon of modern states, which began in Europe but has since spread to many other regions of the world, in terms of the rule of law as this notion is the basis for all modern states (i.e., positive law). A comparative study is conducted in this regard in order to

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Kon, Thomas M., Christopher D. Clavet, and Gregory G. Clarke. "Organic Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Is an Effective Alternative for Reducing Apple Preharvest Drop." HortScience 58, no. 7 (2023): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17115-23.

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Organic apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) growers lack effective strategies to manage preharvest drop. For susceptible cultivars, yield losses caused by preharvest drop can exceed 30% at the beginning of harvest. To address this issue, a formulation of aminoethoxyvinylglyine (AVG) designed for organic use was developed and compared with a commercially available AVG formulation. We evaluated the effects and interactions of the AVG formulation and application number on preharvest drop and fruit maturity in 2017 and 2018. We selected 30 pairs of mature ‘Oregon Spur II Red Delicious’/‘M. 111’ trees

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Manichon, Anne-Frédérique, Brigitte Bancel, Marion Durieux-Millon, et al. "Hepatocellular Adenoma: Evaluation with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and MRI and Correlation with Pathologic and Phenotypic Classification in 26 Lesions." HPB Surgery 2012 (July 2, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/418745.

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Purpose. To review the contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic (CEUS) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in 25 patients with 26 hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and to compare imaging features with histopathologic results from resected specimen considering the new immunophenotypical classification. Material and Methods. Two abdominal radiologists reviewed retrospectively CEUS cineloops and MR images in 26 HCA. All pathological specimens were reviewed and classified into four subgroups (steatotic or HNF 1α mutated, inflammatory, atypical or β-catenin mutated, and unspecified). Inflammatory i

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Tumpey, Terrence M., Xiuhua Lu, Timothy Morken, Sherif R. Zaki, and Jacqueline M. Katz. "Depletion of Lymphocytes and Diminished Cytokine Production in Mice Infected with a Highly Virulent Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Isolated from Humans." Journal of Virology 74, no. 13 (2000): 6105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.13.6105-6116.2000.

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ABSTRACT Previously, we observed that several virulent influenza A (H5N1) viruses which caused severe or fatal disease in humans were also lethal in BALB/c mice following dissemination of the virus to solid organs, including the brain. In contrast, one particular human H5N1 virus was nonlethal in mice and showed no evidence of systemic spread. To compare H5N1 viruses of varying pathogenicity for their ability to alter the mammalian immune system, mice were infected with either influenza A/Hong Kong/483/97 (HK/483) (lethal) or A/Hong Kong/486/97 (HK/486) (nonlethal) virus and monitored for lymp

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Bélanger, André, and Joëlle Manekeng Tawali. "Au-delà de l’utilitarisme, le don plutôt que le relationnel dans le contrat d’assurance." Les Cahiers de droit 50, no. 1 (2009): 37–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037737ar.

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Malgré l’ampleur de son développement contemporain, l’assurance n’est pas un simple produit de consommation, ce que démontre le recours fréquent des tribunaux aux notions de plus haute bonne foi, de moralité contractuelle ou de respect de la mutualité. Toutefois, la référence justificative à de telles notions moralisantes ne contribue aucunement à favoriser une meilleure compréhension des obligations réciproques des parties au contrat. L’objet du texte qui suit est de nourrir la réflexion sur la nature complexe du lien contractuel unissant le preneur et l’assureur. À cette fin, les auteurs s’i

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Sánchez-Vicente, Carlos, José Pedro Santos, Isabel Sayago, Vincent Mazzola, and Leandro Sacco. "Room-Temperature Environmental Gas Detection: Performance Comparison of Nanoparticle-Based Sensors Fabricated by Electrospray, Drop-Casting, and Dry Printing Based on Spark Ablation." Chemosensors 13, no. 6 (2025): 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13060219.

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Chemical nanosensors based on tin dioxide (SnO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed and characterized for the detection of low concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). The sensing layers were prepared using three fabrication methods: drop-casting, electrospray, and spark ablation coupled with an inertial impaction printer, to compare their performance. Multiple surface characterization techniques were carried out to investigate the surface morphology and elemental composition of the deposited layers such as SEM (sca

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Kim, Jiseob. "HOW LOAN MODIFICATIONS INFLUENCE THE PREVALENCE OF MORTGAGE DEFAULTS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 21, no. 1 (2016): 55–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100515000395.

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How much can government-driven mortgage modification programs reduce the mortgage default rate? I compare an economy without a modification option to one with easy modifications, and evaluate the impact of these loan modifications on the foreclosure rate. Through loan modification, mortgage servicers can mitigate their losses and households can improve their financial positions without having to walk away from their homes. When modifying loan contracts is prohibitively costly, the default rate increases 1.5 percentage points in response to a 2007-style unexpected drop in housing prices of 30%.

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Tillmann, Peter. "Has Inflation Persistence Changed under EMU?" German Economic Review 13, no. 1 (2012): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2011.00549.x.

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Abstract This paper analyzes the persistence of inflation in the euro area and, in particular, whether the persistence properties have changed since the start of European Monetary Union(EMU). For that purpose, we compare pre- and post-EMU inflation persistence, use rolling-window estimates of persistence, and apply tests specifically designed to detect break dates near the end of the sample period. In contrast to previous research, we find that inflation persistence has fallen significantly since the start of EMU. Persistence of consumer price inflation, which is central to the European Centra

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SARKAR, KAUSIK, and WILLIAM R. SCHOWALTER. "Deformation of a two-dimensional viscous drop in time-periodic extensional flows: analytical treatment." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 436 (June 10, 2001): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001004013.

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In Sarkar & Schowalter (2001), we reported results from numerical simulations of drop deformation in various classes of time-periodic straining flows at non-zero Reynolds number. As often occurs, analytical solutions provide more effective understanding of the structure and significance of a phenomenon. Here we describe drop deformation predicted from analytical solutions to linear time-periodic straining flows. Three different limiting cases are considered: an unsteady Stokes flow that retains all but the nonlinear advection terms, a Stokes flow that neglects inertia altogether, and an in

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Blanke, Aglaja, Grzegorz Kwiatek, Thomas H. W. Goebel, Marco Bohnhoff, and Georg Dresen. "Stress drop–magnitude dependence of acoustic emissions during laboratory stick-slip." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 2 (2020): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa524.

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SUMMARY Earthquake source parameters such as seismic stress drop and corner frequency are observed to vary widely, leading to persistent discussion on potential scaling of stress drop and event size. Physical mechanisms that govern stress drop variations are difficult to evaluate in nature and are more readily studied in controlled laboratory experiments. We perform two stick-slip experiments on fractured (rough) and cut (smooth) Westerly granite samples to explore fault roughness effects on acoustic emission (AE) source parameters. We separate large stick-slip events that generally saturate t

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Li, Yumeng, He Wang, and Kathy J. Simpson. "Chronic Ankle Instability Does Not Influence Tibiofemoral Contact Forces during Drop Landings." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049005.

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Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a very common sequela after ankle sprains. Previous studies observed some knee biomechanical and neuromuscular alterations of CAI that could potentially relate to the knee injury mechanism during landings. However, to our knowledge, no studies have assessed the tibiofemoral contact forces for individuals with CAI. The purpose of the study was to compare the tibiofemoral contact forces of participants with CAI versus controls during landings using a computer-simulated musculoskeletal model. Twenty-one female participants with CAI and 21 pair-matched controls p

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Fauvarque-Cosson, Bénédicte. "Les travaux du groupe Association H. Capitant des Amis de la Culture Juridique Française/Société de législation comparée: terminologie, principes directeurs et révision des Principes du droit européen du contrat." ERA Forum 9, S1 (2008): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-008-0079-y.

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Storme, Matthias E. "The Structure of the Law on Multiparty-Situations in the 2009 Draft Common Frame of Reference." European Review of Private Law 17, Issue 4 (2009): 531–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2009036.

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ABSTRACT: This article tries to analyse in a comparative manner the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) 2009 rules relating to various types of multiparty situations in the law of obligations. It analyses more specifically the structure of the legal relationships in case of representation, stipulation in favour of a third party, assignment, (personal) subrogation, and some other situations that can be seen as situations with a change on the side of the creditor. Attention is given especially to the question on how the three single relationships relate to each other, including the defences o

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Salgado, Kayley. "Magic and Identity in Anglophone and Hispanaphone Caribbean Literature." Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 21, no. 1 (2022): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/uo/ourj/21.1.8.

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, literature in the Caribbean underwent a period of significant development. The word “Caribbean” encompasses such a vast cultural, locational, and linguistic span that it is difficult to make generalizations about trends in the literature produced during this period. As a result, the contrast between Hispanophone and Anglophone Caribbean literature has not been thoroughly investigated. In this essay, I will compare and contrast themes from “Viaje a la Semilla” by Cuban author Alejo Carpentier, “Do Angels Wear Brassieres?” by Jamaican author Olive Senio

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