Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Droit – Afrique du Sud'
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Salcedo, Cécile. "La transition démocratique sud-africaine : essai sur l'émergence d'un droit public de la reconstruction de l'Etat." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32050.
Full textIn 1994, South Africa knew its first democratic elections. Sixteen years later, and four general elections, the country seems to have made a success of its bet of a democratic South Africa. The strong tensions which remained at the end of the apartheid regime let not at all augur a democratic and peaceful transition. The will of the negotiating parties to reach an optimal compromise and confidence in the rule of law guided the country in its choices. South Africa chose to supervise the slightest details of its transformation by the law. The Republic of South Africa demonstrated the importance that the law can take on the reconstruction of the State, by appealing to characteristic elements of the democratic transitions, such as constitutionalism, more specific instruments, such as a Truth Commission and egalitarian policies. This last one is mainly registered in two constitutions, "temporary" and "definitive". These not only allowed the passage of the apartheid regime towards a democratic one, but they also registered the bases of a new transitional justice, through a Truth and reconciliation commission of a new kind. They also began a reparation policy, with egalitarian aims, and registered in a global project of State building. Choices made by South Africa in transition and in State building can be source of inspiration for number of States in transition
Chauvet, Bruno. "Le contrat de construction en droit sud-africain." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR1008.
Full textNdiaye, El Hadji Samba. "L'harmonisation du droit international privé en Afrique francophone du Sud du Sahara." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUED008.
Full textMaziau, Nicolas. "La constitution intérimaire d'Afrique du Sud : le problème des communautés dans une sociétés hétérogène." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010301.
Full textFor 40 years, South Africa was ruled under the regime of apartheid. Since the 2 february 1990, when the state president F. De Klerl announced in parliament the dismantling of segragation, south africa transformed dramatically its institutions. The new interim constitution (22. December 1993) recognises implicity the communities and gives protection to the rights of the persons belonging to them. Moreover, its protects indirectly the communities through the form of the state ( regional or federal ?) and a consociational type of power-sharing in government
Derdaele, Elodie. "La construction constitutionnelle de la nation et de l'Etat en Afrique du Sud : l'unité dans la diversité." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20016.
Full textSince 1994, South Africa has created a new constitutional order to put a definitive end to apartheid. From now on, the constitutional ideal rests on the concept of unity in diversity, explicitly legally established in the preamble of the final constitution. Equality, nondiscrimination, the universality of citizenship, and the rights and freedoms (generally admitted in liberal democracies) are also legally established, making the principle of equality one of the cornerstones of the constitution. Now the idea of equality as well as the principle of national reconciliation goes hand in hand with the attempt of establishing and promoting national unity. The state, although decentralized, also is seeing its preeminence assured from the moment that the national interest justifies it. This will mean creating a new state nation. However, because of their cultural diversity, the South Africans can't accept unification if they must lose their separate identities. The communities’ demands have driven the government to take the multicultural character on the society into consideration. The republic of South Africa is officially multilingual. It recognizes the authority of the African Negro traditional chiefs, the customs and the rites practiced in the country, and the right to practice, individually or collectively, the culture, language and religion of one's choice. Moreover, whether on the cultural or political plan, the cultural communities don't benefit from a status of public law. They are not politically represented in this way, and can either inhibit the freedom of their members or discriminate against them. Cultural rights are thus recognized so the individual is able to express his or her identity. Therefore the state has for its mission statement to promote the unity and the diversity of this heterogeneous and multicultural society, for which unity cannot be realized without the acceptance of the diversity of the social body, which rests on the implicit recognition of all the cu
Aubriot, Julie. "Usages militants du droit à l'eau en Afrique du Sud : du projet Gcin'Amanzi à l'affaire Mazibuko." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1038/document.
Full textLollini, Andrea. "Le rôle (pré)constituant de la Commission vérité et réconciliation : le renouvellement du constitutionnalisme en Afrique du Sud." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0048.
Full textThis thesis explores the experience of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission and its relationship with the post-arpatheid constituent process. The confession, constituting one of the basis of the Commission's procedure have been analysed from an historical, legal and theological perspective, trying to shape the influences of the Commission's activity, first on the process of codification on the new democratic Constitution, then on the fabrication of the unity of a new democratic political body. The structure of the thesis is composed of three parts : 1) the renewing of the South African constitutionalism; 2) the analyse of the historical morphology of the confession and qualification of the confession in the Truth Commission procedure; 3) analyse of the configuration of the South African democratic sovereignty in post-apartheid era
Andrew, Nancy. "Réforme agraire et dynamiques sociales du conflit foncier dans les campagnes sud-africaines." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H020.
Full textThe thesis explores the dilemmas behind South Africa's politically-strained process of landreform since 1995, by looking at rural social conflict : by looking at rural social conflict : African women's limited access to land, the precarious situation of farmworkers and labour tenants, large numbers of whom were evicted from the white-owned farms in the face of potential land rights, and the painfully slow land restitution programme. Crucial areas of debate are presented : how much capitalism has transformed agrarian social relations, sharp differences over the goals and market approach of land reform, its targets and poor results, as well as the major structural hurdles facing the ANC in the context of the 1994 social compromise. How to handle the paradox of democratising a property system that anchored apartheid but continues to underpin the current economic order? A comparison with Zimbabwe's controversial fast-track expropriation after 2001 concludes the study
Ndiaye, Souleymane. "La politique criminelle en matière de justice militaire dans les pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest francophones." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10047.
Full textMost states in french-speaking black africa have taken pattern by the military penal system which was in force in the french armies before the 1965 reform. Our study will consist in observing throughout the frame of the french-speaking countries of west africa the adaptation and the setting of this military political criminal which is ruled by the law of 9th march 1928 and then trying to find the existence of an opportuneness of reform before undertaking to draw the outline of a model of political criminal
Dondasse, Tiga Dieudonné. "Les sanctions internationales contre l'Afrique du Sud : contribution à l'étude de la coercition internationale." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLC0001.
Full textDiametrically opposed to the peremptory norm of non-discrimination, apartheid is a violation of international law in several ways, mainly of the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other legal instruments. It was characterized as crime against humanity, modern slavery or political genocide policies, and above all a terrorist state, which practiced torture, bantoustanization, massive transfer of population, resulted of homeland policy and its concomitant denationalization. The sui generis occupation of Namibia, violence, destabilization and even war against front line states, refusal of implementing United Nations resolutions against starget states were too violative of il. To refuse, notwithstanding the illegality of apartheid, international coercion, articles 2,7, 27,3, 39 are interpreted in order to protect the apartheid regime. If sanction a phenomenon of power, the weakness of claiming states produced this result. So, only a mandatory embargo was decided during near fifty years, and it came too late and was too little. Above all, sanctions busters, many kind of upholders, and questionable interpretation of il, negotiations policy, or specialized institution of United Nations, mainly the financial ones, the inclusion of apartheid state in east-west ideological confrontation, prevented the right characterization and the subsequent correct punishment it lacked real sanctions and bona fide implementation. Certainty the wrong fact, certitude of sanction must have been automatically and quickly decided, because time factor is a key one of the success of coercion, so are neutrality of states, solidarity. . . . States disjoined practices, questionable interpretation of past precedents, graduation of sanctions, the a priori exclusion of undisputed legal sanctions, like. .
Aubriot, Julie, and Julie Aubriot. "Usages militants du droit à l'eau en Afrique du Sud : du projet Gcin'Amanzi à l'affaire Mazibuko." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00832289.
Full textL'Eplattenier, Marc. "L'apartheid : de la segrégation à l'autodétermination ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32023.
Full textInsted united nations, apartheid is a racist juridic system based on racial segregation and racial discrimination, that the international community condamned as "crime against humanity". Indeed, it is an ideology which defend the right to self-determination of the ethno-nations and organize a global right (internal and international) of self-determination in favour of nationalities with or without national territory. Invented to bring a pacific solution to inter-ethnic problems in south africa, its ideology development, in an essential constitutional order, has wanted to be or could be an example for states with plural population
Likoku, Christophe-Claude Bekoj'Aoluwa. "Les interventions militaires en Afrique au sud du Sahara de 1960 à 1996." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32021.
Full textAfter more than thirthy years of independence, the black african continent remains the stage of many conflits. These conflicts are interesting not only because the are numerous, but also because the have various causes and differents actors involved, who have laid down the legal grounds for the african societies. If in the first years of the conflicts, protecting the states were the man concern for military operations, this concern has been underminded. Nowadays, we are moving toward a humanitarian aid which aims at securing civilians and nationals of certain countries cas well as non nationals being threantened for their life in troubled areas. Today, there is a new pratice : militarisation of humanitariand aid
Charasse, Cécile. "Santé et discriminations : le cas de l’Afrique du Sud." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF10210.
Full text1990 marks the end of South Africa’s regime of racial segregation, based on a unique and revolting ideology called apartheid. In 1994, within the framework of the Reconstruction and Development Program, the new government implements five key-programs aimed at the satisfaction of basic needs (employment, housing, education, nutrition and health). Using an empirical approach, this dissertation focuses on the links which exist between health and discriminations in South Africa at the beginning of the post-apartheid era. Although the issue of health and discriminations may come within the scope of the more general problem of human capital accumulation, our approach favors the issues of human development and social justice. Racial discrimination is here considered as a category of injustice, which is humanly unacceptable because both coercive and arbitrary. Based on microeconomic premises, this dissertation largely resorts on the P. S. L. S. D. (Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development) database, which contains the results of the survey conducted in 1993 on a representative sample of the South-African population. This database provided us with various health indicators, three distinctive samples of analysis, and allowed us to examine some of the links likely to exist between health and discriminations in South Africa. This study comprises of four chapters. The first chapter aims at explaining why South Africa’s health is so far behind other countries with a comparable level of development, who despite allotting less resources to health achieve better results. The second chapters then describe the nature and the origin of the social and economic discriminations which prevail within the health system, and throws light on its inefficiency and inconsistency. The two following chapters seem to point out that, even after the abolition of the last apartheid laws, health discrimination in South Africa had not yet disappeared in 1993. Health discrimination indirectly influences child health status and imposes a constraint on reporting an illness and on the therapeutic choices of black and uninsured South Africans. In view of these conclusions, we simulate the effects of the policy of free medical care in public clinics (implemented as soon as 1994) on the demand of curative health care. Our conclusion is the following: only through major reforms will the government be able to achieve the target of equal access to health care aimed at through this policy
Barry, Ousmane. "La conception et la pratique des droits de l'homme du Congrès national sud-africain (ANC)." Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21010.
Full textThis thesis shows the existence of a conception and a practice of human rights of south african nationnal congress. The method adopted reveals the process of the formation of anc and its progressive joining the principles of freedom and equality of human rights but also its action to make these rules win against apartheid as a system denying the human rights, in particular the south africans' rights. The definitions of such a system as well as its description, allow to appreciate the situation of human rights and the theory of the state which is the basis of their negation. In fact, the favourable definitions of apartheid have considerably influenced the theory of its state and its practice denying the human rights in south africa. As regards the unfavourable definition, they seemingly participate in the new conception of state and society based on the respect of human rights. The actions of anc in south africa (internal practices) and in the international organisations appear as the expression of its political willingness to achieve these rights beyond their assumption. They were devoted by the adoption of a temporary constitution in 1993 which, for the first time in south africa history, recognizes human righs to all the inhabitants of the country and also by the political victory of
Plougoulm, Guillaume. "Citoyenneté et espace : développement, urbanisme et culture politique dans la métropole de Durban (1996-2006)." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040054.
Full textHow does the post-apartheid era fare ten years since the official birth of the “new” South Africa? The track record is mixed. If anything, the institutional front has delivered. Democracy, however, sometimes struggles to meet the aspirations of individuals in their everyday lives. Socioeconomic inequalities are still very much part of the South African picture. Broken promises loom large in fact and, with them, so does a potent challenge to political trust likely to frustrate nation-building. Since the new dispensation redefined them into fully-fledged development agencies, it is for municipalities to fight this erosion. In Durban, this mandate has shaped a proactive approach to economic development. The metropolitan authority hence works on boosting its constituency economically, so as to generate the material resources it needs to face the new democratic demands. Both legislative and financial limitations, however, mean that this municipal eagerness can only translate into the planning of a business-friendly environment. This urban restructuring has two goals. It boils down to an attempt at upranking Durban in the global league framed by local contingencies (informal economy’s requirements, resistance from powerful landowners, etc. ). Will these dynamics encourage the rise of an urbanity matching official representations and likely, as such, to nurture a “rainbow culture”? In engaging three socioeconomic configurations meant to capture the heterogeneity of the metropolitan realities, the thesis offers to analyze the capacity of Durban’s public space to entrench a sense of belonging supportive of the post-apartheid democratic structures among its users. It pinpoints the obstacles nation-building confronts with in South Africa’s second largest city
Buire, Chloé. "À travers pratiques citadines et tactiques citoyennes, la production du droit à la ville au Cap (Afrique du Sud)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100161/document.
Full textThe present work takes as its starting point the idea of space as an instrument for thought and action, as formulated by Henri Lefebvre in the 1970s, as a means to understand the relationship between city life and citizenship in Cape Town, South Africa. It analyses the democratization of local government through the creation of new electoral circumscriptions, which aim to facilitate public participation: the wards. The study focuses on ward 44, which brings together territories formerly divided by apartheid. The immersion in the daily lives of various families highlights the mechanisms of a community-based governmentality, where individual political legitimacy is intertwined with the shared experience of the city.The PhD comes with a DVD comprising sixteen video excerpts of life narratives, scenes of daily life and neighbourhood events. The pragmatic tactics that urban residents deploy on a daily basis thus reveal their full complexity. They not only adjust to on-going institutional reforms, they also condition the very implementation of these reforms. Eventually, the resistance to spatial inequalities is carried out through the figure of the “citadins-citoyens”, the “urban citizen” who on a daily basis invents what could be the right to the city in South Africa
Fontaine, Sonia-Roselène. "Les régimes politiques des transitions : les exemples chilien et sud-africain." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010335.
Full textOomen, Barbara. "Chiefs! : law, power and culture in contemporary South Africa /." Leiden, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410071059.
Full textGbotogbia, Mathias Bonaventure. "La problématique de l'exercice des droits et devoirs par les Etats africains au Sud Sahara au regard des principes de bonne gouvernance." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0034.
Full textAgbo, Ayawa Aménuvévé. "Droit international et règlement des crises constitutionnelles en Afrique noire francophone." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30040.
Full textConstitutional law in French speaking African sub-Saharan countries is progressing under pressure from different elements. In fact, more than twenty years of practice of a new constitutionalism in these states, reveals many lacunas and failures that raised up on the continent, in almost every states, numerous constitutional crisis. Being the factor of these crisis, the constitutions have disqualified themselves to provide solution for the crisis. The intervention of the international community to settle these constitutional crisis, through international law is thus justified. The international settlement of constitutionnal crisis is a political mechanism by which the international community come to backup the constitutional practice in a state, in order to help solving the crisis. This intervention of international law in the area of competence reserved for the states, is based on the principle of the agreement of the legitimate public authorities of the state and it borrows some different forms, especially the constitutional assistance and the democratic assistance. As result, the international settlement of constitutional crisis led to an internationalization of the constitutions of the assisted states. The process of internationalization pass by the definition of the political regime of the states, particularly, the promotion of constitutional states and also by the proclamation and protection of individual rights. But the main question remain to determine the efficiency of the intervention of international law in the settlement of constitutional crisis. The practice of constitutional law in French speaking African sub-Saharan countries can take advantage on the international settlement of constitutionnal crisis, to be improved and become a source of national cohesion
Ngoumtsa, Anou Gérard. "Droit OHADA et confllits de lois." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_ngoumtsa-anou_g.pdf.
Full textSince its creation in 1993, the Organization for the harmonization of business law in Africa (OHBLA) has adopted common rules named « uniform acts ». These rules are intended to govern internal and international cases in all the member states, thus leading to the elimination of conflict of laws in the harmonised field. Such an influence of the community law on the conflicts of laws is, in reality, complex and limited. The first limitation is due to the gaps of uniform law which does not provide the solution to all questions in the field of business law prone to harmonization. Some conflicts therefore remain and can be solved according to national and community rules of conflict of laws. The OHBLA legal order uses these two solutions and has adopted common rules on the law applicable to the merits of the dispute in arbitration matters. Furthermore, substantive uniform law also applies to some external relations including non contracting states, when it is designated by the conflict rules. Lastly, community law uses private international law techniques like public policy and the method of international mandatory norms, to insure the protection of its values
Lefranc, Sandrine. "Politique du pardon : amnistie et transitions démocratiques : une approche comparative." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0033.
Full textLam, Abdoulaye Elhousseinou. "Les pratiques informelles en Afrique sub-saharienne : contribution à une théorie juridique de l'informel." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0688.
Full textLissouck, Félix Francois. "Pluralisme politique et droit en Afrique noire francophone : essai sur les dimensions institutionnelles et administratives de la démocratisation en Afrique noire francophone." Lyon 3, 2000. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2000_out_lissouck_f.pdf.
Full textN'Diaye, Marieme. "La politique constitutive au Sud : refonder le droit de la famille au Sénégal et au Maroc." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881115.
Full textChauveau, Julien. "La multithérapie antirétrovirale comme bien systeme : implications pour l'accès aux soins du VIH/SIDA dans les pays du sud." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24020/document.
Full textAlthough human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cannot be cured, infection with HIV can be restrained by antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, the best existing option to suppress replication of the virus on a long term basis among treated patients. Action of each individual ARV molecule, by itself, is inadequate to suppress viral replication. To become "highly active", antiretroviral therapies (HAART) have to combine several complementary drugs which have to be consume together. Even if existing economic literature on pharmaceutical markets offers several valuable insights, the analysis of markets in drugs used against HIV infection must take into account the composite structure of treatment. Such specificity, inherent ARV therapy, can be analyzed through the economic concept of "system " goods. The thesis is based on two empirical researches which have been conducted in Brazil and in seven sub-saharan Africa countries with aim to study recent evolutions that occured on the international pharmaceutical market considering both individual molecule and ARV therapy as a whole. Standing at the crossroads between intellectual property rights, market structures, treatment cost and availability, lessons emerging from our researcg contribute to provide a better understanding of mechanisms impacting on ARV markets in Southern Countries as well as economic and public health debates raised by the issue of universal access to HIV treatment
Thera, Fatoma. "L'application et la réforme de l'acte uniforme de l'OHADA organisant les procédures collectives d'apurement du passif." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_thera_f.pdf.
Full textThe application and the reform of the Act of OHADA uniform procedures organizing collective liability of clearance the ohada Uniform Act organizing collective procedures for settlement of liabilities occupies a central place in business law and harmonized set by Member States of the organization. The procedures of preventive settlement, bankruptcy and liquidation of assets imposed by the community text aim at the safeguard of the company and the payment of creditors. However, the critical approach to their implementation and the rules, techniques and solutions to establish how they are equipped, reveal the existence of sluggishness, gaps and shortcomings that make them unable to achieve fully the goals assigned to them. It then becomes necessary in light of these findings to propose a deep reform of the text. This approach focuses on preserving the company with such activity and results materially by strengthening prevention and rehabilitation of bankruptcy proceedings and liquidation of assets. These levers which associate the freedom of the contractor and the intervention of the court ensure a balance between the purposes selected. Also, it appears very clearly that the work of construction of the law firms in difficulty from the OHADA brilliantly initiated by the legislator must be pursued
Bango, Ange. "L'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre de la fiscalité dans les pays de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_bango_a.pdf.
Full textIn the countries of the CEMAC, the elaboration and the implementation of the taxation seems a complex stake. Indeed, if the Parliament formally remains the principal source of the taxation, in practice, it is the executive which has about it a true capacity of impulse. The tax texts of these countries are also marked by the influence of backers. Moreover, the process of sub-area integration has as a corollary the emer-gence of a Community pole of development of the tax policies, reducing the tax competence of the na-tional parliaments. These actors of the development of the taxation act and interact according to ration-alities' which are some different times, even contradictory; what is not without consequence at the stage of the implementation of the taxation. The inefficiency of the actors who are charged with this imple-mentation (financial controls, tax jurisdictions) make that the taxes which are enacted are not inevitably those which are applied in practice. To mitigate these insufficiencies, it is advisable to meet the condi-tions of a development of the taxation taking of account the economic and sociocultural environment of these countries. With this intention, and within sight of the experiments in progress, the participative approach must be developed. In order to come to an effective and efficiant application of the taxation, the action must also relate to the modernization of the tax services and the stimulation of the jurisdic-tional institution (in supplement of the role which can play the tax mediation). The restoration of the tax governance is at this price
Schoentgen, Aude. "La valorisation des investissements télécoms en Afrique sub-Saharienne." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0010/document.
Full textThere is still scant knowledge in the economic and international business literature regarding two issues: - Valuation methods of modes of market entry and of investment by an international telecom operator, - The case of Africa as a host continent for these investments. The thesis deals with foreign investments in Africa in the telecom sector, focusing on two entry modes: license awards and acquisitions of local operators. Its objective is to demonstrate on what extent « local » factors (related to the host country and its local telecom market) have an impact on the valuation of these investments in sub-Saharan Africa. This work covers the issues of the strategic interest of these investments, the methods to valuate these investment opportunities, as well as the different factors to take into account in this valuation. A database has been developed, gathering all deals made by multinational operators in sub-Saharan Africa over 2000-2010. Several quantitative analyses have been conducted as from this corpus, in order to identify the determinants of deal amounts. This work demonstrates the lack of regularity and rationality in deals’ prices of the telecom sector in Africa
Monnet, Rodolphe. "La politique extérieure de l'Inde en Afrique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB025.
Full textSince 2001 and the reshuffling of the balance of power, India has become one of the influential actors in an increasingly multipolar international context. The current groundswells are reshuffling powers between Nations in shaping new alliances and new power games. India is, more than ever, involved in this trend since the current Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, came to power in 2014. He conducts an ambitious foreign policy as a means to make his country a global and respected power. The context of the issue detailed in this document is: to what extent does Africa's place in India's foreign policy enables India to reach this status of power? This thesis investigates the following three themes: Firstly, the Indian Ocean's place in the Indo-African relationship should reflect Africa's role in India's will to make the Indian Ocean region a peaceful and secured space in which India is a decisive player in front of powerful and heterogeneous political actors. Secondly, this thesis focuses on assessing Africa's role in India's initiatives to be an influential player on politics on the international agenda through international bodies, its bilateral relations with African states and the Indian diaspora settled down in these countries. Thirdly, India's search for that particular status goes through the economic area and the assessment of India's economic footprint in Africa to better establish its influence on that Continent. This study tries to shed the light on India's foreign policy while the United States are reassessing their involvement in the Indian Ocean, and while China is setting up its "One Belt, One Road" and India and Japan have just come together to propose a new partnership to Africa
Cloutier, Maude. "Les tribunaux spécialisés en matière de violence sexuelle : une piste de solution pour l’amélioration de l’accès à la justice des victimes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68550.
Full textDespite all the reforms it has undergone, Quebec’s criminal justice continues to be the subject of much criticismfrom victims of sexual assault in terms of access to justice. Attrition, influence of myths and stereotypes andsecondary victimization are significant obstacles faced by victims seeking to access courts and obtain justice. Acomparative law analysis with South Africa and New Zealand, subject of similar critiques, shows that theseissues of access to justice are common in adversarial-type criminal law systems. Because of the similarities inthe substantive, procedural and evidentiary rules of these three systems, the search for justice solutions forQuebecers victims within these foreign systems is relevant. In South Africa and New Zealand, specialized sexualviolence courts have been set up to address the "justice deficit" of victims. An analysis of the essentialcomponents of each of the models and of the results of the evaluations to which they were subjected leads tothe conclusion that they have had a positive impact in their respective jurisdiction: increase in conviction rates,improvement in the quality of testimony, reduction of delays, secondary victimization and the impact of mythsand stereotypes, improvement of judges' knowledge of the reality of victims, etc. They therefore represent apromising initiative to improve access to justice for Quebecers victims of sexual assault. These evaluationshighlight the pitfalls of specialized sexual violence courts that may compromise this potential and that must beconsidered before the implementation of such courts.
Nyama, Annie Laurence. "Le droit alimentaire européen dans les échanges commerciaux entre l'Union européenne et les pays subsahariens." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10028/document.
Full textFood trade between EU and Sub-Saharans, are permanently increasing. This trade is surrounded by some food Law major principles, part of consumer Law. These main principles, deal with: safety, information, conformity, traceability, of food stuffs which have to be respected by all stakeholders in the agro-food business. This huge amount of legal instruments (international, European,) has to be mixed with the local regulations. These rules are used in the frame of the international contracts of importing food. Health and safety questions are a strong demand from consumers. But producers are paying much attention to the evolution of this corpus of rules of consumer protection, as far as they influence production, transformation, transport, storage, and distribution .Of course sub,-Saharan countries occupy a small part of international food trade, but it remains an important partner of EU, and this is an important encouragement mean to develop African production of foodstuffs. African countries cannot anymore apply their local and obsolete regulations, unefficient and lacking with global trade. In fact, European importers stress, by the terms of their contracts, imposed to the African partners, to respecting European sanitary rules. Otherwise they could not put the imported goods into circulation on the EU market. The thesis shows the necessity to up to date legal instruments in Africa . In particular the standards (official and private standards) will be very efficient for helping producers and exporters from developing countries to understand the constraints of mandatory rules, and their technical consequences in terms of modern production and management processes
Desjardins, Marie-Claude. "Contribution à l'analyse critique de la certification du commerce équitable depuis une perspective juridique : l'exemple du secteur viticole." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40010/document.
Full textThe thesis aims to define fairtrade certification from a legal perspective. Both its formal and its material dimensions allow concluding that it is characterized by a dualism towards state law. It is both autonomous and heteronomous in relation to state legal orders. On the formal dimension, the fairtrade regime autonomy is revealed by the existence of a legal order distinct from state orders. Indeed, fairtrade regime institutions act as the impartial and disinterested third party towards the producers of the South and the buyers of the North. The heteronomy is shown by interventions, in the fairtrade regime, of elements originated in state legal orders. These interventions contribute to secure and improve the fairtrade regime. On the material dimension, the regime’s original provisions reveal its autonomy. The analysis concludes that these provisions although novel if compared to state norms are not competing with the latters. To the contrary, they intervene as a complement to state legal orders. Fairtrade standards do not only contain unprecedented norms. Several simply reproduce the exact wording of state legal instruments, while other translate them into a more accessible and context adapted language. In both cases, they reiterate the law instead of contradicting it. The regime’s main appeal is that it does not repeat the law but contributes to facilitate its understanding and implementation by concrete measures
Adel, Fatma El-Zahraa. "L'effectivité du droit égyptien de la concurrence : essais de mise en perspective." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D014.
Full textAfter decades of adopting a protective and closed economic policy, Egypt has finally opted in 1991 for the market economy and the opening of its borders to international trade. However, an important aspect was missing ; the fight against cartels and market power in general. In 2005, Egypt has finally adopted its first competition law. Given the importance of Egypt at the regional and global levels, from both economic and political perspectives, it is timely to pay attention to the effectiveness of Egyptian competition law in order to evaluate its level of progress and its weaknesses and to propose methods and means of enhancement. This study is targeting issues and matters that are considered to be priorities: substantive, procedural and institutional rules aiming for fighting against cartels, abuse of dominance and mergers. The assessments and proposals set out in this study have been made in perspective of legal systems that have been chosen as reference: those of two developing countries (Brazil and South Africa) and those of developed countries (European Union, France and, alternatively, the United States). They also intend to benefit from the work of international organizations
Sontot, Andrée. "Processus internationaux de création de normes dans un sous-système complexe : le cas de la génétique végétale pour l'agriculture et l'alimentation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0056.
Full textFrom the Rio Summit (1992) to the Johannesburg Summit (2002), the creation, adoption and implementation of norms on plant genetics for food and agriculture seem to hesitate between its sectoral dimension and its inclusion in the rhetorics of public goods and on sustainable development. This thesis aims to identify the dynamics that govern norms creation in suche a complex sub-system. This complexity has deliberately been reconstructed through an empirical approach, and the method used to draw the dynamics of norms creation is based on a combination of the theories of regimes and of regulation. It appears the the internaitonal history of plant genetics for food and agriculture for the last twenty years is before all the story of an idea, the biotechnological idea. The processes of norms creation draw their dynamics in the confrontation of three groups of actors, governmental or non-governmental, that share one of the three representations of plant genetics for food and agriculture. These are the basis od three "like-minded regimes" : the "biotechnological revolution" regime, the "agricultural mutualist exception" regime, and the "non-appropiation of life" regime. This study put forwards three challenges for the creation of norms in a complex sub-system : the universality of norms, the inclusion of time and conflict in the process, and the ways and means of relating norms systems, for which alternative universal medias ti law, sucha as science, are increasingly considered
Cloutier, Maude. "Les tribunaux spécialisés en matière de violence sexuelle : une piste de solution pour l'amélioration de l'accès à la justice des victimes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68550.
Full textDespite all the reforms it has undergone, Quebec's criminal justice continues to be the subject of much criticism from victims of sexual assault in terms of access to justice. Attrition, influence of myths and stereotypes and secondary victimization are significant obstacles faced by victims seeking to access courts and obtain justice. A comparative law analysis with South Africa and New Zealand, subject of similar critiques, shows that these issues of access to justice are common in adversarial-type criminal law systems. Because of the similarities in the substantive, procedural and evidentiary rules of these three systems, the search for justice solutions for Quebecers victims within these foreign systems is relevant. In South Africa and New Zealand, specialized sexual violence courts have been set up to address the "justice deficit" of victims. An analysis of the essential components of each of the models and of the results of the evaluations to which they were subjected leads to the conclusion that they have had a positive impact in their respective jurisdiction: increase in conviction rates, improvement in the quality of testimony, reduction of delays, secondary victimization and the impact of myths and stereotypes, improvement of judges' knowledge of the reality of victims, etc. They therefore represent a promising initiative to improve access to justice for Quebecers victims of sexual assault. These evaluations highlight the pitfalls of specialized sexual violence courts that may compromise this potential and that must be considered before the implementation of such courts.
Correa, Joseph Jean-Louis. "Les nouveaux accords commerciaux entre la Communauté européenne (CE) et les Etats d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ACP), le droit de l'OMC et les implications sur le processus d'intégration économique en Afrique /." Genève [u.a.] : Schulthess, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/548060754.pdf.
Full textNasri, Yahya. "Les accords de commerce sud-sud." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05D001.
Full textDo the south-south trade treaties establish an international trade law inherent to the third wold or no?. After analysis of the concerned conventions, we have noticed that the south hasn't succeed yet to elaborate its own law, as it was required in the previous decades. The south has adhered to the rules of the multilateral trade system and has strengthened them. However, it makes a considerable effort in order to adapt these rules to its economic position. Thus, specific rules have appeared, but which only affect marginal and no fundamental subjects
Frasson-Quenoz, Florent. "La construction de la communauté de sécurité africaine : une perspective africaine." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30015.
Full textThe difficulties met to insure the preservation of the peace and the international security on the African continent constitute a real obstacle to the economic development, a danger for the populations and a serious threat for the survival of States.The classic theoretical tools of the international security having proved insufficient to provide an answer to this issue, our objective is to determine, on the basis of the constructivist approach, whether African States show a real willingness and\or a capacity to build a Security Community (SC) that would be able to overcome these difficulties.In order to do so we question whether a link exists between the production of “speech acts” on the one hand and the promotion and the adoption of pacific regulation norms for conflicts on the other, and we examine the way African States apprehend their relations with other members of the supposed SC.The additional use of the concept of “region” and the adoption of an African perspective allow us to divide the object of study "Africa" into several subsets more propitious to the achievement of a scientific study, and to evaluate the relevance and the meaning of the SC concept when applied to the African field of study
Benkhallouk, Mariam. "Les femmes entre assistanat et entrepreneuriat dans les projets de territoire et de valorisation touristique des espaces de marge du Sud du Maroc, une approche par les capabilités." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH010/document.
Full textIn recent years, Morocco has paid particular attention to the development of its marginal territories through the implementation of a set of national and international programs. This has resulted in the mobilization of multiple different actors and resources around projects centered in some of Morocco’s most difficult regions. Many of the projects embody the principles of equality and solidarity, and have thus approached the problem by aiming to improve the socio-economic status of Morocco’s rural women. A large number of the projects that implement this approach do so by providing ‘assisted-aid’ to newly-developed social organisations, such as women’s associations and cooperatives. The policies of these public and private development bodies is to ‘help’, or even ‘rescue’ the rural women, by defining for them a course of personal development through income-generating activities (IGAs). This strategy aims to develop these difficult regions in concert with the development of ‘local products’. These policies lead us to question the real capacities of these programs to promote equality for women. Our approach is based on the concept of ‘capability’, as defined by Amartya Sen in 1985.Our study argues that bettering assisted-aid, is a policy that promotes female entrepreneurship. We have concluded this through investigating how female cooperatives have been able to exploit natural resources, such as argan nuts, in several marginal regions in southern Morocco
Moulin, Maud. "Les traps du Karoo et les extinctions du Jurassique inférieur : dynamique éruptive et perturbations de l'environnement." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB0013.
Full textAlthough correlation of the dates of emplacement of large igneous provinces (LIP) and mass extinctions do suggest a causal relationship, details of the mechanism still elude us. Many factors can play a key role in the destructive consequences of their emplacement: among these, we have chosen to concentrate on eruptive rhythms. Our study focuses on the Karoo-Farrar LIP: aged about 180 Ma, it is often associated with the environmental perturbations and (second order) biotic crises near the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary. What reasons could explain the modest biological consequences of the Karoo eruption, when its extent and volume were comparable, and even possibly larger than those of the Deccan traps, associated to the major Cretaceous-Tertiary crisis? We have sampled three sections of basalt flows from the Drakensberg Group, the largest Karoo remain, totaling several thousand meters, and we have analyzed in the laboratory more than one thousand paleomagnetic samples and ten geochronologic samples (using the Cassignol/Gillot K-Ar technique). We find two rather brief paroxysmal phases, separated by a few million years. Study of magnetic stratigraphy suggests that the duration of the first phase (amounting to about 10% of the total lava volume) did not exceed ~100 kyr. The duration of the major volcanic event (some 90% of the volume) did not exceed 900 kyr, and possibly much less. On a much smaller time scale (<1 ka), detailed analysis of secular variation in each section has allowed us to show that they were built as a succession of volcanic pulses, each lasting less than a century. For each one of them, volcanic activity (stricto sensu, corresponding to the total duration of flow emplacement but excluding quiescence periods between flows) probably did not exceed a few centuries for phase 1 and a few millennia for phase 2. Using magnetic directions, several volcanic pulses could be correlated over distances reaching 200 km. Combined analysis of available geochronologic, geochemical and paleomagnetic data from the entire Karoo-Farrar traps leads us to suggest that they were emplaced as a small number (3 or 4) of paroxysmal phases, whose duration probably did not exceed a million years. This emplacement chronology is in good agreement with the discontinuous rhythm of environmental and biotic perturbations near the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary. We discuss several eruptive scenarios. Lastly, this work has given us an occasion to revisit the single reversal recorded by the Karoo lavas and described by van Zijl in the early 60s. We obtain a very detailed virtual pole reversal path, based on several distant recordings. The reversal path is rather simple and compatible with a few brief eruptive episodes and displays the same characteristics as more recent, much better known reversals
Hayem, Judith. "La figure ouvrière en Afrique du Sud /." Johannesburg [Afrique du Sud] : Paris : IFAS ; Karthala, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413752428.
Full textElmoutaki, Sai͏̈da. "Transition glaciaire-interglaciaire et Younger Dryas dans l'hémisphère sud (1°-20° Sud) : analyse palynologique à haute résolution de sondages mari et continentaux (lac et marécage)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30062.
Full textPorteilla, Raphaël. "Le nouvel État sud-africain : des Bantoustans aux provinces, 1948-1997 /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb367099393.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 471-507.
Rizzo, Elisa. "Essays on education and stages of growth." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E052/document.
Full textThis work is composed by three chapters, two of them deal with education and public education policies related to crime, one focuses on the relationship between education and birth spacing and fertility. In the first chapter I study the mechanisms at play between education and crime when the government introduces a policy to increase the access to education and whether choosing the right policy design we are able to reduce crime despite the raise in the aggregate wealth generated by human capital growth. In the second chapter I analyse the dynamic relation between education access, education quality and crime deterrence technology, to characterize the conditions under which crime drops and the implied role of education. The third chapter is an empirical study of the relationship between education and fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa, between economics and demography. Even if the topic and the methods of the first two papers differ a lot from the third one, they are all related by the interest to understand better the role of education in economic growth. Both crime and violence and high fertility rates and population growth, for diverse reasons and through peculiar dynamics, undermine economic investment and growth potential. The goal of this thesis is therefore to give a contribution to understand these reasons and these dynamics, with special attention to developing countries where free access to education is a recent achievement and where there is still work to do to improve the quality of the education system and teaching
Saham, Mohammed. "La coopération arabo-africaine : contribution à l'étude des institutions et des relations de coopération sud-sud." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE0013.
Full textVermeulin, Stéphane. "Centralités métropolitaines et disparités socio-spatiales : le cas de Durban (Afrique du Sud)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100145.
Full textMetropolisation has reinforced the role and power of the metropolis but has also widened socio-spatial divisions. Fighting the process of urban fragmentation represents a key challenge for post-apartheid South African Municipalities. New metropolitan local governments, such as the eThekwini municipality in Durban, were created for this purpose in 2000. The suburbanisation of economic and residential activities goes with the specialization of urban space. Urban fragments are more and more specialized and unequal. Indeed, the case of Durban shows that polycentrism is emerging from urban sprawl, with new ‘centrality nodes’ being created mostly by the private sector. In this context, how does the local government manage urban development in order to create a more inclusive city? Built on the case of Durban, this PhD thesis studies the links between the emerging polycentrism and the change in socio-spatial disparities
Kessel, Ineke van. ""Beyond our wildest dreams" : the United Democratic Front and the transformation of South Africa /." Charlottesville ; London : University Press of Virginia, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38926507p.
Full textRobin, Christophe. "Pétrogenèse des komatiites de Barberton (Afrique du Sud)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607819.
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