Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Droit de l’environnement - Droit international'
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Perruso, Camila. "Le droit à un environnement sain en droit international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D050.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to study the scope of the right to a healthy environment in international law. This human right is apprehended as the result of interactions between international human rights law and international environmental law as well as among different normative ensembles for the protection of human rights. This right is witnessing a remarkable rise within countries and legal systems of human rights protection. By retracing the various stages of its progressive development, this thesis aims to identify its contours, both formally and materially. It then considers the implementation of this right through the related obligations and the control that can be achieved. As a result, it seems fair to suggest that the conditions are now in place to recognise its universal scope. In addition, this thesis considers the right to a healthy environment as one of the possible responses to the environmental crisis which calls for a renewal of the relationships that humans have with nature. It is in the light of this axiological perspective that the right to a healthy environment is analysed
Montjoie, Michel. "Le droit international et la gestion des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100002.
Full textThesis focuses on international law progresses about radioactive waste management risks’ control, taking into account specificity of these wastes in the frame of nuclear activity. These progresses ended up at a maturity of the provisions of the numerous treaties connected to radioactive waste management, and at a complementarity between the different concerned branches of international law. The dissertation insists on provisions concerning final disposal of wastes, with the problem of risk’s persistence on as long periods as several millenniums (justice to future generations). Provisions of European Union law concerning radioactive wastes are scrutinized to assess their originality and their contribution to risks’ control in Member States. International law solutions to prevent risks are examined in the following fields: - nuclear safety, including international environmental law concerning prevention of waste pollution, namely marine pollution; - nuclear security to avoid nuclear terrorism; - nuclear weapons non proliferation; - compensation of nuclear damages in case of accidents due to radioactive wastes, especially in final repositories
Toutaou, Mohamed. "Le droit au développement : perspectives à partir du droit international de l'environnement." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD037.
Full textThe right to development is linked to the ideology of development and appears as a claiming of a new international legal order. But, facing new global stakes raised by international environmental law, the right to development sees its foundations questioned and little by little demined, by the concept of sustainable development. It is then fed by the new perspectives brought by the right to a healthy environment in connection with the ethical stakes carried by human rights. The coherence of development policies cannot be realized without taking into consideration human rights and thus without taking into consideration its environmental living conditions. To reach the goals of a fair international company, it is necessary to restore a priority in the fundamental rights within the approach of sustainable development. The late awareness of the risks pressing on the environment led to make press threats on the international security and it is necessary thus at the moment to rethink the right for the development with regard to the emergent question on the international scene of the environmental security. New architecture of international environmental governance appears as essential for the realization of the right to development and to offer more widely other perspectives of development beyond a strictly economic approach. An institutional reflection led on the creation of a world environmental organization allows to envisage an international ecological order built in a more united and more coherent joint representation with regard to the ecological, economic and social realities
Koumbou, Jean. "Le droit international de l'environnement et le système juridique angolais." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080101.
Full textThis study, devoted to the international law of the environment within the Angolan legal system, is interested in the development, the introduction, as well as the conditions of application of the international law of the environment into the Angolan legal order. After reviewing both the terms and the obstacles facing the opening of Angola to conventional international law of the environment, the study questions the effectiveness and the relevance of international and national features implemented to ensure the international environmental law enforcement in this country and to set an appropriate liability regime, in order to ensure the repair of damage to the environment
Jolivet, Simon. "La conservation de la nature transfrontalière." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0025/document.
Full textThe opposition between nature and boundaries is well known : whereas nature knows no boundaries, public law is spatially structured by boundaries. However, such an opposition is currently being overcome under the influence of several factors. First, environmental law creates new boundaries that are no longer modelled on human boundaries but on nature ones. The notions of ecological zoning and above all ecological network illustrate this trend. Then, environmental law uses transboundary cooperation to mitigate the effects of boundaries on nature. Eventually, a complementarity is asserted between environmental law and infra-State transboundary cooperation law. The right to cooperate has been recognized to regional and local authorities and to public establishments responsible for nature conservation. Besides, relatively appropriate tools have been made available for cooperation in nature conservation. Nevertheless, this complementarity is being tested by the significant differences that may exist between national laws of neighbouring countries and, above all, by the lack of accountability of infra-State cooperation actors with respect to international environmental obligations. Thus, within transboundary environmental law, the emerging sector of transboundary nature is not as mature as the older one related to transboundary pollutions
Lallemant-Moe, Hervé Raimana. "L'assistance environnementale : nécessité et rôle en droit international de l’environnement et pour les petits Etats insulaires du Pacifique Sud." Polynésie française, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POLF0002.
Full textThe Small Islands States of South Pacific (SISSP) are seriously threatened by many environmental issues. Natural and technological disasters, and the climate change and the global pollution can have catastrophic consequences for the small Pacific islands. The risks of environmental migrants or even “disappearance” of States are issues already mentioned. Environmental hazards are even more dangerous for the SISSP because of their limited technical and financial resources. The climate change and the global pollution are primarily presented as the result of the activities of developed States. Therefore, they developed the implementation of international assistance. The objectives are to bring help for the most brutal disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. ), but also to improve the prospects for adaptation to climate change for the most vulnerable States. This international assistance both in its technical, financial, or judicial aspect is undoubtedly a solution. However, this environmental assistance is currently a nebulous principle entirely submitted to the goodwill of the States. Its present effectiveness cannot ensure the survival of the SISSP. This relative inefficiency calls for the creation of a unified and coherent legal principle in international law of the environment. This principle fits perfectly with the project of creating a World Environment Organization
Dellaux, Julien. "Le mécanisme visant la conservation des forêts tropicales de la convention-cadre sur les changements climatiques (REDD+) : illustration de l'adaptativité du droit international." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0426.
Full textHow International law can regulate complex phenomenon? This question appears particularly relevant if we consider tropical deforestation. Technical issues and the opposite interests of States, stemming from interlinked services provided by forest, had prevented International community to adopt a convention on forests. Nevertheless, climate regime has recently created a so-called mechanism on « reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries and the role of conservation and sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries » (REDD+). The normative framework laid down in decisions of the Conference of the parties has stimulated control improvement on forest resources and wide-ranging reform in developing countries. The study will evaluate the specificities of this normative system by going further its apparent normative weakness. It will expose how International law manage to regulate complex phenomenon by producing adaptive legal system. The study will demonstrate that the specific feature of this system lies in its ability to conciliate two opposite needs: flexibility and legal security
Laourou, Eloi. "La négociation des conventions internationales dans le domaine de la protection de l'environnement : contribution à l'évaluation des déterminants juridiques économiques et politiques." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30032.
Full textHumankind is facing many environmental problems nowadays: diverse forms of pollution, climate warming, desertification, floods, waste accumulation, water scarcity, progressive extinction of animal and plant species etc. To deal with these problems, diverse activities and initiatives are carried out, at local, national, sub-regional, regional and international levels. Among these, is the negotiation of international conventions in the area of environment. The current thesis sets about two folds: firstly, it analyses the justifications of the negotiation as it lays on non-legal and legal determinants. Secondly, it assesses the negotiations issue as these are played between conflicts of interest and seeking of consensus. The thesis identifies elements, factors and key stakeholders that have effect on decisions and positions taken in the sphere of international negotiations. Thus, the negotiations of environmental treaties are both the expression of a classical practice for adopting international commitments and of a particular context for environmental thematic, at the crossroads, precisely of law, economy, politics and social. Then, it can be said that consensus more than confrontation, general principles more than strict obligations, are sought. The assessment to be made is that the negotiation of environmental treaties remains an activity which is not only useful but also necessary as it seeks to respond to the problems considered above, as they occur, looking for appropriate and strict legal frameworks
Gama, Sa Jeanine. "Le fonds pour l'environnement mondial." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32012/document.
Full textThe Global Environment Facility (GEF) is the most important single source of finance for projects and programs designed to promote global environmental benefits in developing countries and transition countries. The thesis aims at examining the role played by the GEF as a tool for financing environmental conventions and sustainable development, emphasizing its contribution to the enforcement of international environmental law and to the debate concerning international environmental governance
Nzaou-Kongo, Aubin. "Exploitation des hydrocarbures et protection de l’environnement en République du Congo : essai sur la complexité de leurs rapports à la lumière du droit international." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3005.
Full textThe purpose of the study is to analyze the relationships that can be established between the exploitation of hydrocarbons and the protection of the environment in the Republic of Congo. Despite its title, it is a study of international law, in which the law of the sea and especially international environmental law contribute by their respective rules to limit the conditions for the exercise of the activities of exploitation of the hydrocarbons. It is - indeed - under the prism of development in international law and of an almost continuous international evolution, that these relations, appreciated within the framework of the Congolese national law, can take full significance. The study finds a mutual exclusion, for reasons that are due both to the national priority recognized for the exploitation of hydrocarbons and the still significant weakness of environmental rules, as transcribed in domestic law. It makes it possible to base this observation on an isolated approach of each of them, which limits the possibilities of reciprocal interaction. Making these two schemes lowly complement to each other. Based on the requirement emphasized by the ICJ in 1997 of a necessary conciliation between them, the study shows how the emergence in international law of this process of conciliation is translated into domestic law under the effect of the dynamics of the sustainable development. As a result, in spite of the necessary prudence of a developing country, which can only count on this economic and financial rent for the moment, the will of the national authorities to adopt a rational management of the exploitation. In this respect, the positive action of conciliation becomes, in the context of a climate crisis and the need for a new orientation towards the energy transition, the vector of this profound transformation which must be translated into legal reform of the same magnitude. integrating the management of all energy resources into an integrated legal framework favorable to the gradual disappearance of these carbon resources and their replacement by cleaner and renewable energies
Paixâo, Silva Oliveira Liziane. "Mercosur et protection de l'environnement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1058.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to verify what is the place granted to environment protection in the Mercosur. Does the development of environmental issues in the Mercosur allow us to speak of a regional system for environmental protection that is being strengthened? To answer these questions it is first necessary to identify the rules of environmental protection in the Mercosur's legal system in order to understand their relationship with its free trade rules (part I).It will be then necessary to analyse their implementation and effectiveness (Part Two)
Vallee, Jean-François. "La nécessité d'une mise en cohérence d'un ordre juridique environnemental et économique mondial." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0006.
Full textIs the hypothesis of a more balanced global governance for the sustainable development ofboth trade and environment plausible?Are the institutions devoted to environmental protection really efficient?Are they not too scattered to be effective? Don’t they lack some kind of coherence?Can institutions in charge of trade development enforce environmental rules? Do they havethe means to do so?In an ultra-free market context the phenomenon of deregulation seems to favor thedevelopment of economic and financial activity at the expense of a strengthening ofenvironmental measures.It seems necessary to consider reconciling the rules of free trade-based international trade lawand the vital requirements of environmental protection law within the scope of sustainabledevelopment.Should then one contemplate creating a new specialized international body in charge ofgoverning the global environment? Or on the contrary, should one strengthen an alreadyexisting organization by granting it a dual competency , responsible for working out a newinternational sustainable development law by enacting a set of unified and coherent trade andenvironmental rules; ( A kind of international sustainable development law).The transformation of the multilateral system, the strengthening and the greening of itsstructures appear as possible solutions to handle both environmental concerns andcommercial requirements.This ambitious challenge of a fairer, more balanced global governance probably provides anopportunity to see how necessary it is to combine environmental law and international tradelaw; this coherence in global environmental and economic law seems possible
Citores, Antidia. "La contribution des parties prenantes à l'intégration de normes environnementales en droit maritime." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1105/document.
Full textSea transport has seen strong growth over the past 30 years, which impacts on the marine environment, an environment sensitive to pollution. Maritime law generally adheres to a wait-and-see approach, developed as a reaction to successive environmental disasters, and arising from a much-needed reconciliation of shipowners' economic interests and the pressing nature of environmental issues. The States' decision making process is strongly influenced by the economic importance of sea transport who, in their triple function of coastal State, port State and/or flag State are often driven to make legislations of convenience in tax, economic, social and environmental matters. Measures could be proposed to develop laws in order to establish a balance within the IMO, and restore a transparent and genuine link between States, fleets and shipowners. In fact, modern maritime law allows room, in particular through lobbying tools, for other parties who intervene on the enactment and implementation of the law ruled by governance procedures. This widening of the normative process and avenues for sanction/redress to all stakeholders could ensure a better integration of environmental standards in maritime law. If the dialogue with local authorities is complicated by their status, at the same time victims, actors and obstruction of rights, the development of NGOs, currently limited in the international jurisdictional framework, would guarantee these objectives are achieved, including a better effectiveness of the law. The experience gained in the field of a CIFRE thesis, within the legal department of Surfrider Foundation Europe illustrates and establishes these avenues of improvement
Ricard, Pascale. "La conservation de la biodiversité dans les zones maritimes internationales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D065.
Full textMarine biodiversity conservation beyond national jurisdiction is currently subject of discussions in the United Nations. Indeed, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the «Constitution of the Oceans», is not sufficient to protect marine biodiversity efficiently, in the high seas and the Area. In 1982, the word «biodiversity» did not exist yet, so the Convention only refers to marine pollution or biological resources conservation or management. Some resources, as marine genetic resources, are not covered by the Convention, as well as certain activities or conservation and management tools like marine protected areas. The division of the oceans in different maritime zones, moreover, with distinct and fragmented legal regimes, does not allow States to accomplish their conventional obligations dealing with biodiversity conservation. The adoption of a new implementing agreement related to the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea and dealing with marine biodiversity conservation and sustainable use beyond national jurisdiction would clearly improve the cur-rent regime. However, such an agreement could turn not being enough toward this objective, and the achievement of the process of negotiation remains uncertain. Finally, it appears necessary to build a more global approach, resting on the identification of an international general obligation of conservation of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. Such a global approach helps to overcome the limits of the actual regime of conservation, which is centered on a spatial approach of marine biodiversity conservation in common spaces, having opposed legal regimes
Leroy, Antonia. "Les transformations du droit des pêches face à l'émergence d'un problème juridique : la pêche illicite, non rapportée, non réglementée : Aspects de droit international, européen et national." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0043.
Full textFisheries Law is taking its foundation within the Law of the sea. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea addresses fisheries issues through the maritime spaces it establishes. The fight against "illegal, unreported and unregulated" IUU fishing has crept into the Fisheries Law in transformation, which we are considering here, and in particular the latter's ability to eradicate these IUU activities. IUU fishing refers to different forms of fishing activities or methods, or fishing conditions, that need to be clarified. The causes of IUU fishing and the treatment to be applied to it are of full interest to public Law, particularly when it is looking for loopholes. The content and scope of the principles of international Law to combat IUU fishing have not been fully effective since this type of fishing persists. The main responsibility for combating IUU fishing lies with States, which are responsible at a minimum for avoiding IUU fishing in their territorial sea and areas under their jurisdiction (coastal State) and on the high seas by vessels flying their flag (flag State). The involvement of regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) or other States or the focus on certain State roles such as the "port State" and the "market State", which facilitate or counter trade in fishery products from IUU activities. This has nevertheless led to the emergence of more restrictive international or national legal measures. In this movement, the European common fisheries policy and its law, both internally and externally, have played a decisive role
Edynak, Elsa. "Le droit international applicable à l'océan Arctique : l’adéquation d’un ensemble juridique complexe à un espace spécifique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR139.
Full textClimate change and the disruption it implies in the Arctic have really renewed the interest in this space. This raises issues of different scales (both regional and global), but also of different natures (economic, political, social, environmental), which constitute as many legal issues and question the relevance of the applicable law. However, and this is the main legal issue here: the existing legal framework is extremely complex, whose consistency and relevance concerning the region have been widely questioned. But to this unique problem - com-plexity - the authors do not seem to agree on the solutions to adopt. These differences underline the interest to determine whether the legal framework for the Arctic Ocean can be considered as "adequate" in the sense that it would enable a management that meets the criteria of a satisfying legal system. Regarding the method, the study demanded to put the apparent disorder in order. To this end, systematization was necessary; it was done through the creation of a synoptic table analyzing all the standards of international law applicable to the region,. In conclusion, despite its diversity, the legal framework can nevertheless be considered satisfactory from a substantive (completeness) and formal (coherence) point of view. Beyond simple coherence, the current cons-truction of an Arctic law leads to the identification of an scheduling process at the regional level, this framework resembling more and more a real "legal system". This regionalisation is legally essential. Nevertheless, it must be recognized that it does not ensure the worldwide action which remains essential in the face of the global problem that is climate change. If it constitutes a probably necessary step, it represents above all an additional step in this generalized implementation and therefore reinforces the fragmentation of international law, and its complexity
Lemoine-Schonne, Marion. "Le mécanisme pour un développement propre du protocole de Kyoto, révélateur des évolutions de la normativité internationale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1008.
Full textWhy are legal norms complied with in practice? In the context of an evolutionary process of complexification of international legal regimes, with emergence of changing forms of normativity, the international climate change regime offers an interesting illustration. As collective answer to the challenge of mitigation of the green house gas emissions at the global level, an open market of carbon credits was created, in order to make attractive and financially interesting the mitigation projects. As a pioneer, the Clean Development Mechanism, one of the flexibility mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol, is at the disposal of the industrialized States and of the private sector to reduce their carbon emissions in the territory of developing States. This Mechanism gives raise to an intense practice, regulated by a complex normative architecture. This architecture is composed by norms very diverse in nature and scope, designed by the infatuation of the States and private sector. Good practices, codes of conduct, recommendations, as norms, despite their non-binding character, that are particularly effective. Through the tentative of qualification of this legal system, this analysis describes a participative law- making process, where norms are continuously debated among actors. The system organizes new ways in order to ensure legal certainty, whereas the key question of its coherence is raised. This research finally allows envisaging a tool of identification of factors of the legal effectiveness, which could inspire other emerging normative models
Masoumi, Khazar. "La responsabilité environnementale des Etats : un régime juridique en émergence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA001.
Full textDespite some authors’ scepticism, the international environmental law can find certain solutions in the law of state responsibility. However, the success of finding such solutions depends on the introduction of a number of environmental considerations to as conditions of state responsibility, its invocation and reparation. Regarding the first, although the state responsibility, which is based on breach of obligations, may lack normative environmental aspect, its preventive role vis-a-vis the environmental harm should not be underestimated. As to the invocation, the positive law has to acknowledge the right of an injured state acting for the collective interest in order to include spaces and species beyond the state’s sovereignty to the law of state responsibility. Regarding the forms of reparation, restitution and compensation must be adapted taking into consideration the importance of environmental restoration towards baseline conditions. However, satisfaction needs to transform into a multiform and flexible form of reparation. For this purpose the present study suggests the biodiversity offset mechanism as a form of satisfaction
Desjardins, Marie-Claude. "Contribution à l'analyse critique de la certification du commerce équitable depuis une perspective juridique : l'exemple du secteur viticole." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40010/document.
Full textThe thesis aims to define fairtrade certification from a legal perspective. Both its formal and its material dimensions allow concluding that it is characterized by a dualism towards state law. It is both autonomous and heteronomous in relation to state legal orders. On the formal dimension, the fairtrade regime autonomy is revealed by the existence of a legal order distinct from state orders. Indeed, fairtrade regime institutions act as the impartial and disinterested third party towards the producers of the South and the buyers of the North. The heteronomy is shown by interventions, in the fairtrade regime, of elements originated in state legal orders. These interventions contribute to secure and improve the fairtrade regime. On the material dimension, the regime’s original provisions reveal its autonomy. The analysis concludes that these provisions although novel if compared to state norms are not competing with the latters. To the contrary, they intervene as a complement to state legal orders. Fairtrade standards do not only contain unprecedented norms. Several simply reproduce the exact wording of state legal instruments, while other translate them into a more accessible and context adapted language. In both cases, they reiterate the law instead of contradicting it. The regime’s main appeal is that it does not repeat the law but contributes to facilitate its understanding and implementation by concrete measures
Farre-Malaval, Margerie. "Les rapports juridiques entre sécurité maritime et protection du milieu marin : essai sur l'émergence d'une sécurité maritime environnementale en droit international et de l'union européenne." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30070.
Full textBegun with the study of the European Union rules engendered by the wreck of Erika, the present research was refined around the relation between marine safety and marine environment protection while growing rich of the observation of the international rules. From then on, the idea was to study the collision between two elements neither equivalents, nor completely different and to see what this legal "big-bang" had provoke.The first part will envisage the renewal of the function of marine safety around the purpose of marine environment protection. Indeed, by the middle of the XXth century, the appearance of the environmental concerns comes to destabilize the classic distribution of the skills between the flag State and the coastal State. The freedom, founding principle of the order of seas, has been transformed to adapt itself to the realities of the marine environment protection. It becomes then the principle of sustainable use of the sea, the new key of the distribution of sovereignties on the sea. A shape of environmental governance of the maritime safety appears to establish around the International Maritime Organization and the European Union.The second part will allow to bring to light the redefining of the normative space of maritime safety in the prism of the objective of prevention of the pollutions. Originally, the regulations of marine safety aimed at protecting the sailormen against the dangers of the sea. Henceforth, it is today a question of protecting the biosphere, the humanity and its future generations. That is why the classic marine safety, become insufficient, evolves towards a more modern, " environmental " notion
Braig, Katharina. "Umweltschutz durch die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA037.
Full textIn this thesis, the envrionmental protection through the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rightsis analysed : European court of Human Rights, environmental protection, environment
Mazaudoux, Olivier. "Droit international public et droit international de l'environnement /." Limoges : Pulim, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412344924.
Full textSabil, Mariem. "L’autorité renforcée des accords multilatéraux sur l’environnement : essai sur la nature, la place et la fonction de la procédure de non-conformité." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30106.
Full textMultilateral agreements on the environment are generally characterized by their normative authority diminished because of the difficulties for states to ensure their effective implementation and efficiency. The non-compliance procedure, for the first time experienced by the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and extended since then, attempts to provide appropriate solutions to the peculiarities of this branch of public international law.The study of its development, its evolution and sophistication through its nature, its place and function and to determine whether this technique helps to strengthen executive authority of multilateral environmental agreements
Denolle, Anne-Sophie. "Le maire et la protection de l’environnement." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN0106.
Full textGuaranteed by the French Charter of the environment, the requirement for environmental protection might have been understood as the promise of ambitious aspirations likely to reform administrative practices and conditions of exercise of power, in order to particularly strengthen the environmental potential of public actors. But, on a town scale, yet effective, in the exercise of police competences, yet promising, the ambition does not seem to have the desired effect. There has not been any revaluation of the general public order enabling a global conservation of the environment at the municipal level. And generally, the adaptation of the municipal police mechanisms to environmental matters seems laborious and operates slowly. This is the result of the logic of independence of legislation that had long guided the judge, of the restrictive interpretation of the obligation to act that he has been making; or of his narrow view of the combination of police competences, resulting in the development of exclusive state competences. Its marginalization is emphasized by the development of intercommunity administrations. And its contribution to the implementation of the principle of participation is too limited so that the mayor could see his role in environmental matters upgraded
Reynaud, Pascal. "Droit d'auteur, droit international privé et internet." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR30003.
Full textThe thesis is concerned with the application of the rules of private international law to copyright and internet. The text is devided up into two sections: the protection can be granted under the provisions of the law of the country of origin of the work for some questions or under the law of the protecting country for others. The country of origin shall be considered to be where the work is first published. Under french law, the definition of publication includes the first communication on the internet. On the opposite, the Berne Convention excludes from the definition of publication the first communication on Internet. The first publisher on internet may be the person who creates the work or the person who makes the necessary arrangements for the making of the first publication. The country of protection is concerned with two main issues. First, the question of juridiction in case of infringement and contracts in relation of the exploitation of works on internet, specially juridictional issues in relation to European Community right. A person shall be sued in the courts of the state of his domicile or where the harmful event occurred. The main problem is to identifie the place of the event giving rise to the damage, (the place of transmission), and the place where the damage occurred in the case of multi-state communication through the internet, (the places of reception). In all the cases the impact of the decision of the court should be broad in relation to the scope of the communication on internet. Secondly, the choice of the law must be determined, in principle, by the law of the person who makes the necessary arrangements for making the transmission. In the case where the national law is not compatible with the standards of international conventions on copyright, the choice must be the law of the forum
Mattout, Jean-Pierre. "Droit bancaire international." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010280.
Full textThe bulk of the different works are oriented towards banking and financial law, and especially its international aspects. It is an attempt to systematize the main operations in the international banking field, from a legal stand point. Studies have been conducted of the applicable law to international banking operations, the financing operations (prefinancing, international discounting, supplier's credit, buyer's credit, international leasing, financing credit) the off-balance sheet operations (first demand guarantees, documentary credits, letters of indemnity). The other works have been devoted to certain peculiar aspects of the same topics or to other banking operations like swaps, netting, unit trusts or to international legal aspects of bankruptcy or agency agreements
Samba, Yves. "L'apatride en droit international et en droit comparé." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10066.
Full textLong, Sarapech. "L'application du droit international en droit interne cambodgien." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0035.
Full textThe research tries to escape from the long-standing theoretical enigma of the problematic relationship between the international legal order and the state legal order, to confront the legal reality, the critical effectiveness and the devoir-être of state vis-à-vis the international prescription which is in itself doubtful. In the international order, the status quo of legal rules remains ambiguous and decentralized, through its sources, substances and levels of evolutionary legality, from jus cogen to soft-law. The application of these rules in the state legal order, meanwhile with state rules, remains an objective challenge for the state. The case of Cambodia, a developing state, confronts the gap between national practices via its organs, legal nationalism and its internationalized Constitution, the objective of the State for its legitimacy to integrate into the international community; the context is illustrated by the position shared with other new subjects of international law of the 20th century that wanted a new dynamic of international rules to meet their needs. The codification of international law is the promising trend to crystallize and develop the law. International jurisprudence sanctions state’s rules in equivoque maner, while defending its legal primacy through mechanisms of the law of responsibility and the law of treaties. This would reflect our perspective of strengthening the application
Nicod, Benoît. "L'immunité d'exécution en droit interne et droit international." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020063.
Full textThe french foreign public entities intervene more and more often in economic environment as direct actors. They should be subjected to execution enforcement, but immunite of execution forbids that such a move be applied to them. In french domestic law, all public entities enjoy i-munity of execution, except in the cas of the industrial and commercial public accountant, such as s. N. C. F. , g. D. F. , e. D. F. Or charbonnages de france. The french law offers tot creditors of public companies several techniques and ressources which give them the possibilite to proceed to the recovery of their out standing debts. In international law, the principle of immunity of execution prevails even if it suffers some exceptions pertainings to funds affected to a commercial activity and to institutions autonomous or non distinct of the foreign state concerned. In cas of immunity, the juridical relation of which has been set up between the parties is interetatic. The study of this relations enables us to describe the various means offered to the creditor of a foreign state or one of its emanations to achieve the extinction of the end contracted by the concerned parties
Vareilles-Sommières, Pascal de. "La compétence internationale de l'État en matière de droit privé : droit international public et droit international privé /." Paris : LGDJ, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366947391.
Full textVareilles-Sommières, Pascal de. "La compétence normative de l'Etat en matière de droit privé, droit international public et droit international privé." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010261.
Full textGiven a private law relationship, does the question wether a state has jurisdiction to regulate this relationship find answers in public international law, and if so, what is its substance ? state jurisdiction to regulate private law relationships is essentially regulated by private international law, which provides for jurisdiction to adjudicate (conflict of jurisdiction rules) and, rules of jurisdiction to prescribe (conflict of laws rules). In order to have an influence on the answers to questions implemented by this rules, public international law might either deprive them of efficacity by substitution of real internationalrules of jurisdiction, or prescribe to states which enact them to comply with some conditions of lawfulness. A quest on international prescription bearing on state jurisdiction in private law matters shows that international law does not contain in itself real rules of jurisdiction, but that it just regulates the way the states implement both their own jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of other states. The content of this regulation can be reduced to the principle of non-intervention of states in domestic affairs of other states. That means that international law forbids a state to challenge independance of another state in taking its place as a legislator or judge of all or a substantial partoi private law relationships belonging to its jurisdiction. A state which violates this principle would have to deprive of efficacity unlawful norms, according to international law of states responsibility ; the lawfulness and afficacity of these norms could even be challenged by third-states
Fouchard, Isabelle. "Crime international : entre internationalisation du droit pénal et pénalisation du droit international." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010291.
Full textShegani, Altin. "La lutte contre le terrorisme : étude de droit comparé (droit français, droit albanais) et de droit pénal international." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40081.
Full textThe main objective of this study, was to propose a framework of analysis and reflexions on the mechanisms of the fight against terrorism in both countries France and Alabania, to see how the evolution of the phenomenon has developed system of criminal punishment more effective and also what is the degree of effectiveness of the implementation of the normative in terms of terrorism prevention
Kerdreux, Anne Louise. "L'outre-mer au regard du droit européen et du droit international : evolutions statutaires influencées par le droit européen et le droit international." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0812.
Full textThe Overseas regions, countries and territories present various statuses inherited mainly from the major European Powers which placed them in a relationship of a common interest not only with their mother countries but also with the European Union (EU).However, these territories have continuously re-built between them historical and cultural links, and weaved relationship within the entire Overseas to appear as a constituted whole while negotiating with the EU.The outermost regions (OR) apply Community Law while the Overseas Countries and territories (OCT) situated outside the territory of the Community, have Association Arrangements with the EU.Denmark, France, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom have proceeded to necessary constitutional reforms to allow numerous articles amendments in respect of right to self-determination of peoples.At the light of statutory amendments and of a continuous economic and social development, the Outermost regions (OR) and the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT), now wish to assert their rights and to defend their interests at European and International level.Globalisation of policies encourages OR and OCT to gather within International bodies. The rule of law of the related countries opens them to well-structured legal systems and to European values. The outermost geopolitical localisation makes them to have access to international relations.The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the interdependence between these different legal systems and the impact of European and International Law on the statutory amendments of the Overseas towards more autonomy, but also liabilities and involvement on their own development by using their regional environment, inter-regional and transnational cooperation and taking part at the works of international organisations
Crépeau, François. "La condition du demandeur d'asile en droit comparé : droit international, droit français, droit canadien et quebecois." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010280.
Full textThe recent increase in the number of asylum-seekers in industrialized states has given headaches to public administrations. The overburdening of refugee status determination systems has given rise to restrictive pratices approved by a badly informed public opinion. These practices are studied in view of defining the principles that should guide polices in the field. In the introduction, the present situation of asylum-seekers is described and followed by a presentation of the French and Canadian efforts towards refugees. In the first part, a short history of asylum and of the contemporary concept of refugee allows to apprehend the elements of a definition of asylum. In the second part, the rules of entry and sojourn of the asylum-seeker in the country of asylum are described and compared. In the third part, the social condition of the asylum-seeker is studied in both countries, as well as the protective rules of the refugee status determination system. In the conclusion, the principles defines are synthetized, developped and gathered under the umbrella of the protection of the human dignity
Cuq, Marie. "L'alimentation en droit international." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100128.
Full textIn 2015, FAO estimated that approximately 795 million people are undernourished in the world. The United Nations has regularly qualified this situation as “a violation of human dignity”. In this context, the international cooperation legitimately became a privileged means to fight against malnutrition. However, the access to food is at the crossroads of numerous problems. Some States are eager to assert their self-sufficiency while others meet difficulties managing their surpluses. Health or nutritional quality issues join concerns about the accelerated loss of genetic diversity. Responding to these various concerns, food has been the subject of many international rules. Some promote the liberalization of their production and trade, sometimes to the detriment of a consideration of the level of development of countries, of the biological diversity or the quality of food. Some take account of these issues but their coordination seems difficult with the rules of economic liberalization. Nevertheless, States set up the access to food as a global goal and the coherence of international law seems essential for its achievement. The present study aims to determine to what extent international law, characterized by the fragmentation of its rules, contributes to improving the conditions of access to adequate food at the world level
Chan-Tung, Ludovic. "L'opposabilité en droit international." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GREND016.
Full textOpposability is based on States' consent. Consent is the essential criterion of opposability which is defined as the result of the subjective implementation of the voluntarist criterion. Moreover, the conventional, customary and unilateral sources of international law are opposable to States by virtue of their acceptance. However, its role changes among the different sources, causing an adaptation of opposability. The appearance of concepts such as international community, objective personality, international legislation or automatic succession hasn't jeopardized the voluntarist basis of opposability. Nevertheless, it seems that consent is challenged by objective foundations in the case where treaties establishing territorial regimes. Thus we should imagine a very limited emergence of opposability's objectivization. That objectivization, without being actually established, would be perhaps in statu nascendi
Martin-Bidou, Pascale. "L'acquiescement en droit international." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020117.
Full textIn public international law, acquiescence belongs to tacit acceptance. First it may assume several aspects from silence to action. Some conditions must be fullfilled : imputability and knowledge above all. Time does not seem to be a condition of the existence of acquiescence. Some effects of acquiescence concern international legality acquiescence always leads to opposability, and sometimes to creation or modification of law. Acquiescence also products effects for its author (recognation, renunciation, estoppel, foreclosure). Acquiescence is an unilateral act which manifests the will of a state. Based on the concept of good faith, it finds its last ground in the necessity of keeping the stability of international relations. Factor of security and harmony acquiescence is very usefull in a juridical system based on will and consent of states
Châmes, Olivier. "L'applicabilité du droit international." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10069.
Full textRíos, Rodríguez Jacobo. "L'expert en droit international." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010317.
Full textBillaud, Stéphanie. "La légitimité, du droit interne au droit international privé." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010296.
Full textAdouko, Anoh Bernard. "Le droit uniforme africain et le droit international privé." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40051/document.
Full textEither uniform law is seen from the point of view of the private international law or either one assesses the impact of the communal vision of uniform law on the evolution of private international law of member states, the interactions between African uniform law and private international law can all be summed up as follows. A mere unification of laws between some states is not enough to eliminate or solve conflicts of laws and all the difficulties brought about by foreign origin element, such as jurisdiction disputes, foreigners legal status,… The reasons of this situation are that the unification of law (content and procedure rules) has never been total because some indomitable points may prove to be insurmountable at the level of the drafting of uniform rules, but also because the unification of laws can deteriorate further on during its implementation due to various factors. Therefore, the supranational lawmakers have often had to back up the uniform content rules with the uniform rules of private international laws. This leads, in the African uniform law to the emergence of a private international law with a communal origin. The private international law deriving from African uniform law will also be specific in its conception, its methods, its tools or instrument, even if to some extent, it shows some classicism. This is because the private international law deriving from the African uniform law has been fathered by a law which is specific in itself because it stands between international and home law, between public and private law. Its advent has upset the basics of the international home law of member states but also the basics of the private international law itself. However, this private international law which is still in its gestation period still has some weaknesses in its instruments and rules and must necessarily lean on that of member states as it is a vital necessity
Stoyanovitch-Salti, Yadhira. "La protection juridique des biotechnologies en Droit international, Droit communautaire et Droit comparé." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE0001.
Full textGratton, Louis-Philippe. "Contribution à l’analyse des rapports du droit interne et du droit international en matière culturelle : étude de droit comparé et de droit international économique." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10049.
Full textThe antagonism between liberalism and protectionism in trade in cultural goods and services permeates the contemporary history of international trade negotiations. It can be explained by the existing link between domestic law and international law in the cultural field. A study of comparative law allows to identify the characteristics of state intervention in the cultural sector and to suggest a classification of it. The functions of the state responsible for adopting, executing or sanctioning cultural norms follow from the specificity of its internal legal order and the functioning of its administration. These features allow then to understand the nature of cultural derogations at the international level. If the state unilaterally defines its legislation at the national level, rules of international law are established in coordination with other states. International derogatory provisions are thus not abstract rules as they take into account the existing standards from different internal legal orders. A study of international economic law assists in analyzing these derogations and in understanding their legal scope. They determine ultimately the compatibility of national norms with international trade rules: they preserve them or force the state to redefine them. Thus, the study confirms the mutual influence of national law and international law in the cultural field
Riendeau, Marie. "La protection de l'enfance en droit international prive compare : droit quebecois et droit francais." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64013.
Full textChaloyard, Barbara. "Le droit d'asile en Autriche sous l'influence du droit international et du droit européen." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA0008.
Full textGozé, Émile. "Les plans climat : analyse au regard des principes du droit de l’environnement et du droit des collectivités territoriales." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10014.
Full textThe territorial climat-atmosphere-energy plans are new legal tools available to local authorities. These planning acts should enable local authorities to organise their actions in order to mitigate the effects of climate change and adapt their territories to future environmental changes, in line with both national, European and international goals as well as the local environmental, social and economic features. However, the legal framework of these documents has evolved considerably and these plans are now tending to have a territorial dimension, in other words, they provide a framework allowing local authorities to regulate greenhouse gas emissions of all the territory’s activities. The aim of this research is to identify, through the guiding principles of environmental law and the law of local authorities, how these legal acts, have become part of their legal environment. It highlights the peculiarities, evolutions and shortcomings of these documents’ legal framework, and eventually, looks into the role that the legislator has decided to entrust to local and regional authorities through these planning tools
Coelho, Filipa. "Le droit international général, source du droit de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA004.
Full textThe European Union is a subject of international law and its externat relations are conducted within the framework of general international law. As a result, the European Union must comply with it, which necessarily have effects on its own legal order. The effects of general international law on European Union legal order depend, however, on the conditions set by the European Union law itself. lt makes a screening of general international law entering the European Union legal order so that it can become there a source of law. As a formal source of European Union law, general international law is invoked in the Court of Justice. lt is subject to a large interpretation scrutiny and a limited validity scrutiny by the Court of Justice, the justiciability of general international law having, therefore, a specific treatment
Nassef, Mohammed. "Le droit de passage inoffensif : etude en droit maritime international." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEA003.
Full textBelbesbes, Boujamâa. "L'influence du droit musulman sur le droit international privé marocain." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0417.
Full textThe influence of islamic law on Morroccan international private law clearly appears in the personal status. It affects as well nationality as conflicts of laws and show the gender inequality established by classical law at the level of national law. Studying the nationality, not only islamic conception of morroccan nation, this influence is translated by the impossibility of morroccan women to give her own nationality neither to her children nor to her foreign husband. At the level of conflicts of laws, this influence becames the protection of morroccan status and acceptance of morroccan law by foreign muslims