Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Droits du débiteur et du créancier'
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Cimamonti, Sylvie. "L'effectivité des droits du créancier chirographaire en droit contemporain." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32003.
Full textThe effectivity of simple contract creditor's rights has been reinforced in substantive law as for volontary enforcement as forced enforcement. The effectivity is nevertheless coming up against a double limit. Exterior limit with the protection of the debtor and his others creditors; intrinsic limit more directly imposed to simple contract creditor himself
Hardy, Christophe. "Les droits du débiteur en redressement judiciaire." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000261.pdf.
Full textIn collective proceedings, the rights of the debtor seem to be sacrificed on the altar of employee, company and creditor interests. Bankruptcy is no exception to this assessment that, however, proves to be erroneous. Far from being considered a second- class citizen, the debtor is the key figure in these proceeding and, when all is said and done, his rights are similar to those of a person in bonis. In fact, the appointement of a receiver, rare under the simplified procedure, and focused more on oversight and assistance under the general procedure, no longer places the debtor in a position of being an outsider in his reorganization. In terms of his business activity, the performance of certain acts, although they are subject to prior judicial authorization, does not completely abolish his rights. These rights are expressed mainly through the filing of appeals and the possibility of engaging in a new business. In terms of his private life, the exercise of his personal rights remains solety within his domain. However, the property consequences of these rights concern the court- appointed agents, who do not, however, intervene in purely personal matters. The legal mechanisms, derived from civil and commercial law, further safeguard his rights. Thus the debtor in bankruptcy proceedings has nearly the same prospects as his counterpart in bonis
Condamin-Meunier, Élisabeth. "Les devoirs du créancier à l'égard de son débiteur." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOD008.
Full textL’étude de la loi et de la jurisprudence révèle que le créancier a de nombreux devoirs qui se manifestent, aussi bien en matière contractuelle, durant l'exécution du contrat ou après l'inexécution c'est-à-dire après la survenance du dommage, qu'en matière extracontractuelle. Le créancier doit donc être de bonne foi, à savoir loyal et honnête, et raisonnable c'est-à-dire qu'il doit être diligent, circonspect et modéré. Il doit savoir agir et réagir, conformément à un ensemble de normes de comportement dont l'application est placée sous le contrôle du juge qui, pour les apprécier, dispose de pouvoirs, modérateur et souverain, plus étendus. Nous insistons sur le terme devoir et non obligation car les contraintes du créancier n'ont rien à voir avec le contenu de l'obligation issue du contrat ou de l'obligation née de la loi, du délit ou du quasi-délit. Ces devoirs se rattachent à l'effet ou à la force obligatoire de la relation juridique qu'ils transcendent et s'imposent au créancier sans contrepartie à la charge du débiteur. Les devoirs du créancier ont en commun un certain nombre de caractères : ils ont une nature extra contractuelle, constituent un ensemble de standards de comportement reposant sur des fondements moraux et techniques et sont sanctionnés par des mesures civiles traditionnelles et par des peines privées, qui présentent la particularité de pouvoir être à la fois préventives, répressives et satisfactoires. La force de ces devoirs réside dans l'homogénéité de leurs caractères et dans l'efficacité des mesures qui en assurent le respect. C'est pour cette raison que nous pouvons dire qu'ils ne sont pas catégoriels mais forment, désormais, une véritable catégorie. Dès lors, ne serait-il pas logique et souhaitable que le législateur achève cette évolution et enrichisse notre droit positif de dispositions officialisant ces devoirs à l'instar des pays anglo-saxons et d'autres pays européens ?
Ronget, François. "Essai sur le droit de l'endettement des particuliers." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA12A001.
Full textHélaine, Cédric. "L’extinction partielle des dettes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0526.
Full textPartial extinction of debts still occupies a discreet place in the French civil Code. It could almost be relegated to a transient difficulty. The new article 1342-4 of the civil Code – old article 1244 prior to the new legislation of 2016 - provides a striking illustration of this, as a principle that the creditor may simply refuse partial payment. However, cases of partial extinction are multiplying in case law and practice. More importantly, the law increasingly makes specific exceptions to 1342-4, including through grace measures or rules governing business effects. The interest of the subject is based on this assumption: there is a discrepancy between the classic view of partial extinction and its current interest renewed by our society of debts. Defined as the non-retroactive disappearance of a quantum of the obligation to allow another part to remain, the partial termination is paradoxically based on the satisfaction of the creditor. The subsistence of a quantum of the obligation differentiates, in fact, partial extinction and total extinction: the creditor remains awaiting part of the debt
Soweng, Dieudonné. "La protection du débiteur en droit des contrats de l'OHADA." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT4008.
Full textAs paradoxical as it may seem to be, the protection of a contractual debtor has proven to be a necessity under the OHADA law of contracts like in some other contractual systems. It is imposed for the sake of re-establishing equilibrium or contractual justice, which may be disrupted due to inequality of parties and which is susceptible to affect the main purpose of contract. It is also imposed in order that, legal security, one of the main objectives for the institution of OHADA, should be preserved and consolidated. The antagonism of interests in a contract - the interests of the creditor faced with that of the debtor, individual interests against general interests - should in no way justify the overprotection of one party to the detriment of the other. The classic rules of the general principles of contract appeared to be more generous in favour of the creditor. It became necessary to harmonise contractual relations through elaboration of rules which, though undermining the fundamental principles consecrated such as the obligatory nature of contract, are such as to give a humanist outlook to contract. This helps to ensure that a debtor as a human being is not sacrificed as was the case under the old law, on the altar of efficacy of law, in favour of the legal security of the creditor. Nevertheless, it is not the question of militating in favour of establishing “a right for the debtor not to pay his debts”, which would be a resolution of contractual injustice favourable to the debtor by creating another detriment to the creditor. It is rather suitable to take measures to ensure that what is demanded from him is what is humanly and reasonably required; and even in case of default in his contractual obligations, that the sanction should not be such as to entail his annihilation and consequently his eviction from the domain of contractual business. This is in need to promote rules sufficiently conciliatory of divergent contractual interests, in order to give to the institution of contract its raison d’être, the vector for the growth of economic activity. The OHADA law of contracts cannot avoid this requirement without failing in its original mission, which is that of being a catalyser of economic development of member states of this booming legal sphere
Mozas, Philippe. "La notion de dette en droit privé." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40001.
Full textThe debt is a complicated notion. The debt contain several aspects : subjective, patrimonial (then objective),imperious, moral. Thanks to the dualist analysis of obligations, the debt's aspects are understood better. This study show the importance, nowadays, of its patrimonial aspect and the necessity to distinguish the debt and the responsibility of the debtor
Abdelkader, Osman Osman Mohmed. "Le traitement des difficultés financières du débiteur civil : étude droit français et de droit égyptien." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010264.
Full textOuld, Lebatt Mohamed El Hacen. "La Protections des créanciers chirographaires : essai d'une formulation synthétique." Toulouse 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU10007.
Full textThe protection of the insecured creditor amounts, on a static level, to the law on general security. On a dynamic level it consists in new prerogatives which are inspired by surety law
Zepi, Sandrine. "Le sort des créanciers titulaires de garanties réelles dans le droit des procédures collectives." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0030.
Full textThe commencement of the proceeding of bankruptcy will throw the legal fate of the corporation's créditors into confusion. The lot of creditors provided with standard real sureties gets encysted by the law of bankruptcy proceedings i. E. The security contracts will be subject to modify the accomplishment of personnal rights. The essential characteristics of standard sureties which may be useful are the right of pursuit and the right of good ranking prior to others creditors. On the other hand real sureties enforced by a right of retention and real warranties award titulars much diverse and efficient rights. In the existing circumstances of the french positive law, it appears that the rights and the obligations inherent to ownership and possession seem to be a most efficient safeguard for the rights of creditors. A strong comeback of archai͏̈c practises and rules is to be brought about. Considering that the bankruptcy law can be put into failure by well-tried technics, we infer that creditors provided with simple sureties are not in the most comfortable position. Only real sureties can properly comply with the requirements of creditors. Though creditors are the providers of assets and the whole economy depends on them ; but nowadays they are knocked about in case of collapsing of corporation. Therefore the legislator ought to take those facts in consideration. It may be desired that the legal texts may be retrofited. In this end the last changes of the right of property and the right of sureties may be integrated in the reform and precede the relevant debate
Stasi, Alessandro. "Les créanciers postérieurs confrontés au redressement en droit français et en droit italien." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0020.
Full textIn recent years, Italian and French insolvency laws have been revised to encourage viable businesses to restructure rather than to go bankrupt. Under the new Law, loans granted during the observation period in reorganization proceedings benefit from favorable treatment. In particular, creditors are entitled to a new privilege in France while a priority payment is cknowledged by the Italian debt reorganizationagreements. In this study, we compare these two models in order to better understand the solutions adopted. Despite many differences in detail, there appears to be many hidden similarities (the common core) in the actual legal treatment accorded to creditors
Gérard, Stéphanie. "Les obligations contractuelles de ne pas faire." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN20011.
Full textDesmichelle, Marc. "Les créanciers qui échappent aux conséquences de la procédure collective de leur débiteur." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010270.
Full textObviously, the law of 25 01 1985 relating to firms bankruptcy, does not allow the payment of the creditors. However, there are some of them who escape the consequences of the law and can be quickly paid. This work tries to find out who are those creditors the reasons of their prerogatives, and the way they can obtain payment of their credit within or beside the law of 1985
Mas, Marion. "Patrimoine du débiteur et actif de la procédure collective." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10065.
Full textPicod, Nathalie. "La remise de dette en droit privé." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D123.
Full textAlthough the remission of debt is present everywhere, paradoxically it remains undefined by the law. It appears as a voluntary discharge granted inter vivos or mortis causa, for reward or free of charge, concerning all or part of the debt, whose object is to extinguish it. By definition conventional, it should be distinguished from the renunciation. Therefore, the legal model shouldn’t be bypassed by parallel mechanisms, such as the renunciation of the creditor’s right, at the risk of weakening the coherence of the release by turning it into a mere alternative mechanism. Moreover, the conventional discharge differs from those legal and judicial, which do not constitute real releases for lack of the element “will”. But the demarcation line is not so obvious, due to the graduated interference from the judge in the consent of the parties within insolvency proceedings. The infinite richness of the release shows itself by a plurivalence of its functions. Far from being an abstract act, the remission implies a consideration. The object of the release – extinction of the debt – merges with its extinctive effect, since the extinctive mechanism absorbs any other effect. Such a mechanism leaves a large place to the deployment of the parties’ will, who can modulate it, not without tax consequences. This modulation concerns the debt, but also the persons who are related to it in main or secondary title. In an incomplete way, the French Civil Code allows us to determine the extent of the releasing effect, ratione personae, in the absence of will expressed by the parties. We suggest a coherent legal regime rooted in the common body of law and taking into account insolvency proceedings
Populin, Deschamp Claire. "Le concept fonctionnel de cause de paiement : essai sur une analyse renouvelée du paiement." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN20014.
Full textThe harmonization within Europe on national law, the prospect of a European Cicil Code as well as the preliminary draft of the Civil Code reform show how important it is to modernize the French Civil Code, especially the law of ontracts, essential field in which payment has a specific place and plays considerable role. The present work offers a detailed renewed analysis of payment. The hybrid nature of the payment, and the considerable importance of the will of the parties in respect of the role on the law of obligation, reveal the complexity of the legal act of payment as well as the need to understand the interactions between its objective and subjective elements. The cause of the payment, linking these two types of elements, is seen as a real functionnal concept. It is a new way to understand the notion of payment. This casual approach allows a critical analysis of the general regime of the payment : supremacy of the nation of satisfaction of the creditor, danger implied by the right o third person to extinguish an indebtness, importance of the function of framing related to preliminary obligation of the question of proof of payment, characteristics of the contractual inexecution, coherence to give to the notion of undue payment and to the regime of refund claim. Finally, the concept of cause of the payment extends to the mathods of the payment, at two different levels : elaboration of a general theory about payment orders executed by the banker and aknowledgement of the recourse to evocatory action against suspected fraudulent payments
Richard, Anne. "Le paiement de la dette d'autrui." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32031.
Full textThe payment of other people’s debt, on account of the otherness which characterizes it, shows a distinctiveness in its nature. First, unlike the debtor, the other person is unable to forthwith comply with the potentialities of the binding bond. Though he can fulfill the material expectation of the creditor, he is, however, incapable of accomplishing the duty aspect integrated in the obligatory relation. Therefore the bond still has a reason to exist further to his intervention. Only the subrogation, by the substitution of the persons which it carries out within the binding relation, generates the very fulfillment of the latter. Furthermore, the inherent otherness in the payment of another person’s debt discloses, for the time being, an unsuspected dimension of the payment. While the payment which is made by the debtor is purely and simply extinctive, the payment of another person’s debt gets its specifity in bearing a new obligation, which is able to enlarge the initial compulsory bond
Gounon, Stéphane. "L'insolvabilité en droit privé." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33008.
Full textThe notion of insolvency is generally understood in a static way and is regarded albeit as a case where a debtor stops insuring payment. The Law of Insolvency puts this notion into perspective : one's mere inability to satisfy creditors claims in consideration of his current estate at given time does not amount to insolvency which is hence best defined as a situation where the insolvent remains unable to repay his debt in spite of remedial measures granted to alleviate the debt. In criminal law, the notion is understood as the situation where one's is unavoidably prevented from repay his debt ; this impossibility does not necessary result from a lack of assets. The state of insolvency severely reconsiders the legal principles of the binding force. Latest statutory developments are now insisting on not depriving the insolvent from his fundamental rights : insolvency does not entail any restriction to one's legal capacity but just result in practical impossibility of payment
Houssin, Mathias. "La subordination de créance : analyse de la subordination à l'épreuve de la procédure collective." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D033.
Full textDebt subordination is the operation whereby a junior creditor agrees to be paid only once the senior creditor has been fully paid. The efficiency of the mechanism in bankruptcy depends on the chosen analysis. It is possible to consider that it changes the claim itself, or that it affects it indirectly. Our research shows that subordination affects a claim exogenously as it is built on the addition of personal liens impending on the junior vis-à-vis the senior creditor: subordination does not alter the right to payment but only its priority. Hence, an imbalance appears in the solicitation of creditors, since one euro of junior debt confers the same voting rights as one euro of senior debt: until a reform of the system of creditors committees, the survival of the subordination will only be made possible by voting agreement between creditors when these maintain the junior claim. From the debtor’s perspective, subordination does not modify the structure of a debt, but only changes the rules of payment. Unless an agreement is found between creditors, the waterfall payment should therefore force the respect of the absolute priority rule in the plan, because it does not violate any rule of equality between creditors. Exceptions should be accommodated in case of conflict between creditors, in order to optimize the rescue of the debtor, but still in respect of the structure of subordination. The indirect alteration of the junior claim accounts for the neutrality of subordination on the ranking itself of the claim, and explains that the liquidator cannot, de lege lata, apply the subordination agreement in the distribution of the assets, while the inapplication of the mechanism in the plan will offer little defense for the senior. Overall, the efficiency of debt subordination is uncertain because the mechanism affects a claim exogenously: this requires, upon solicitating the creditors, but also during the elaboration of the plan and in the distribution of the assets, that subordination passes into law in order to give effect to the mechanism
Couturier, Nicolas. "La protection des intérêts respectifs du créancier et du débiteur dans la saisie en compte bancaire. Etude en droit français, allemand, anglais et européen." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3040.
Full textEnforcement is essential for the effectiveness of a legal system. This observation, combined with the omnipresence of the bank account in the different patrimonies, motivated this study on the bank account attachment in three main European legal models: France, Germany and England. An amalgam of convergences and national specificities emerged, based on an abstract balance weighing the respective interests of the creditor and the debtor. In addition to the conflict between the creditor's right to performance and the civil enforcement proceedings, which guarantees respect for the debtor's fundamental rights, various interests that may also be present were also taken into account : public interest, competing between creditors, collective creditors in collective proceedings, etc. The balance between the creditor's right to performance and the right to enforcement was also taken into account. Moreover, the specific protection of the debtor's interest as a natural person demonstrates the search for national rights to protect the individual and his dignity. This sharing of a philosophy of enforcement raises questions with the phenomenon of the europeanisation of relations between creditor and debtor due to the internal market of the European Union. Faced with the continuing fragmentation of a legal area coordinated by the area of freedom, security and justice, the Union has already laid the first stone with the European attachment order procedure. Thanks to the analysis of the national laws studied and the analysis of European law, the development in two stages of a European attachment order for bank accounts was made possible in order to build a European enforcement procedure
Laugier, Maxence. "Les créanciers "hors procédure" ou La fuite des créanciers devant la discipline collective." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL20005.
Full textThe "hors procédure" creditors, as named in French doctrine, are literally creditors "out of the Bankruptcy Procedure", bypassing the French Bankruptcy Procedure. They appear as a hybrid category of creditors prompted by a desire to flee the common discipline, which is usually associated with the fact of being a prejudgment-creditor. This flight particularly materializes through the dismissing of the bankruptcy concept of the automatic stay, revealing more generally the relative lack of concern during the bankruptcy procedure for the interests of creditors. The success of these creditors in avoiding the bankruptcy procedure especially hinders the debtor's rehabilitation goal as well as the collective and egalitarian feature underlying French bankruptcy law. The threat of bypassing-creditors, when jeopardizing the procedure, forces Bankruptcy Law to preserve itself, and hence to clarify its essence. .
Firon, Jean-Louis. "Les sanctions atypiques du manquement à l'obligation de délivrance dans les ventes commerciales." Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN20005.
Full textSénéchal, Marc. "L'effet réel de la procédure collective." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10071.
Full textThe effect of bankruptcy proceedings on the debtor's property may be defined as the seizure of the property by the creditors as a collectivity represented by the receiver. First, it seeks to determine the scope of the effect of bankruptcy proceedings on the debtor' s property through a comparaison with seizure under ordinary law. Second, this study intends to discover how the concept of collective seizure under bankruptcy law overcomes the diversity of the seizures effected by the creditors. This study shows that these disparities between seizures are not treated in the same way according to whether bankruptcy proceedings are directed against the debtor' s property or against a third party' s property
Ophèle, Claude. "L'exécution anticipée d'une obligation contractuelle." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR1009.
Full textThis thesis aims to study how anticipation is a way to execute a contractual obligation, i. E. A payment. Beyond the heterogeneity of the solutions taken up by the law, a real consistency emerges. Refering to various contracts (such as loan, guarantee, letter of credit, building contracts) the thesis proposes a review of the law related to the anticipatory execution. Anticipatory execution is accepted (part one) when the interest of one of the contracting parties, either the creditor imposing the anticipation to the debtor, of the debtor deciding to advance his payment, prevails over the date of execution. On the other hand, anticipatory execution is actually rejected (part two) only when it is required by the protection of a debtor, especialy when he is a consumer
Nigam, Nirjhar. "Essays on corporate default process : UK and France." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/NIGAM_Nirjhar_2011.pdf.
Full textThe thesis has been conducted upon two unique and primary databases manually collected through courts and various reliable sources (governmental and non-governmental offices). This is the major strength of this thesis. With such databases, we built individual statistics on the corporate bankruptcy process for two major European countries (France and United Kingdom). To the best of our knowledge, the UK database has no equivalence and we are the pioneers of including real world data on liquidations in our research database. For both countries, the collected data deals with the causes of financial default, the recovery rates of creditors, the process of decision making at the time of default, the efficiency of such decisions, etc. Such research project helps in distinguishing the origins of corporate financial default and in distinguishing whether they are independent of the national bankruptcy code or not. Additionally, we were actively involved in constructing new legal indexes for corporate bankruptcy law in France and UK. And it is notable that we succeeded in computing the most comprehensive legal indexes till date. These legal indexes consist of more than 300 questions that explain the particular function of bankruptcy. In order to empirically test the effect of legal environment on economic behaviors and financial outcomes, we consider these indexes as explanatory variables of the variables that were hand collected in France and UK. This makes this thesis unique as it is composed of original sources of information. The thesis is composed of several essays (chapters) on corporate bankruptcy. The general organization of these chapters tries to capture the default process, viewed as a sequential process beginning from the arbitration between private and formal solutions and progressing onto the formal design of the legal solution and finally concluding by explaining the financial effects of legal indexes on various creditors
Rizzi, Aldo. "La protection des créanciers à travers l'évolution des procédures collectives : contribution à l'étude de la notion de protection comme élément identitaire du droit des procédures collectives." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0496.
Full textThe evolution of insolvency proceedings remains related to the advent of the judicial business theory. From now on, the treatment of insolvency is no longer restricted to the sphere of the creditors and the stakes linked to the fate of the company in difficulties concerns the entire community. This widening of the perimeter of the proceedings leads to reshaping the relation between the creditors and the debtor so as to assess the set sacrifices through an innovative approach. The accomplished transformation testifies to the capacity of the matter to generate its own rules to correct excesses of the legal system. In spite of the objectives first and foremost assigned by the law, the presence of a continuum is thus no longer questionable: the defence of the common interest summarizes the essence of it. The permanence of the protection of the creditors thus attests to the value as identifying element of the matter
Billiau, Marc. "La délégation de créance : essai d'une théorie juridique de la délégation en droit des obligations." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010279.
Full textGamaleu, Kameni Christian. "L'implication du créancier dans les procédures collectives : étude comparée du droit français et du droit de l'OHADA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1057.
Full textThe research on the involvement of the creditor in bankruptcy procedures reveals a main problem: the role of the creditor in various procedures of treatment of the difficulties of company created by French system and OHADA system. In these two legal systems, different actions, rights and some favour given to the creditor during the bankruptcy procedures supports its intervention for the safeguard of its debtor in crisis. The involvement of the creditor is evident, however the involvement of the creditor is supplied by two principal constraints: constraints focus on the collective organization of the procedures and constraints focus on economic necessities.The stake of this comparative research is to invite African lawmaker to observe the solutions enacted by the French lawmaker and vice versa in order to make the creditor an important actor for the resolution of the difficulties of company in each legal system
Onanga, Romuald. "Le retard dans l'exécution du contrat." Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN20002.
Full textTraditionally, the dogma of the autonomy of the will dominated and explained the general theory of the contract. The contract appears as a means given to the parties to exercise a certain influence on the future, to prevent the appearance of the unpredictable. In this context, the payment when due is an economic imperative with which one should not compromise. Any delay brought by one of the contractant parties from then on, engages automatically its contractual liability for the penalty of which, a multitude of possibilities is left with the discretion of the creditor, and specially the condemnation to suspended damages. This traditional vision is questioned under the influence of a new more humanist doctrinal tendency today, which recommends the softening of the rigour of the contractual link. So, confronted with the new requirements of the modern society, and helped by these new theses favourable to a softening of the rigour in the execution, the legislator helped the late debtors, by granted them a right for the delay being translated by terms of payment allowing them to face their commitments. It appears while the question of the delay in the execution of the contract oscillates between the rigour in the execution recommended by the modern doctrine. Indeed, on one hand, on the base of the system is the rigorous requirement of the old solutions, which naturally, are certainly considerably eased, but lived present in substantive law because from this point of view, the delay constitutes a neglect in the contractual obligations and is sanctioned as tel. But in what proportions does this principle live, and what is its force in the current system? It is the answer to these questions that is usual the first part of this work. On the other hand, in spite of maintains some execution rigorous as principle, the contemporary tendency recommends the softening of this rigour, and it finds a favourable echo at the legislator who organizes measures of favour towards the late debtor. These favours are translated in substantive law by the emergence of a right for the delay recognized by the debtor in trouble, whose question it is in the second part
Loyer, Clémentine. "Les mesures de prévention du surendettement des particuliers : à la croisée des chemins des droits commun et spécial." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROD004/document.
Full textRecently created the overindebtedness legislation has always aimed to prevent and cure individual indebtedness situations. To his origin as the “right not to pay its debts” the indebtedness law has been integrated into the French consumer Code. Essentially seen as a consequence of consumption exerted on credit, preventive measures have been developed in the framework of the rules of formation and execution of credit agreements and surety. Given the inadequacies of this preventive legislation, the common law of contract is, in turn, came to make rules for any shortcomings of legal action. Despite the benefits of the law, the effectiveness of prevention, however, is relative. Indeed, as the difficulty of reconciling preventive sources that the restrictive approach proposed of the phenomenon, have no benefit on the development of effective prevention. It is through procedural overindebtedness rules but also in redefining the concepts of debt and the vulnerable person to the risk of debt distress, that the answers to more efficient prevention appear
Dougoune, Moussa. "La reconstitution de l'actif d'un débiteur en difficulté : étude comparative droit français, droit américain." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131019.
Full textWhen the financial crises make good progress, pulling correspondingly the economic agents, with fragile financial structures, in the abyss of the insolvency, a comparative study on the reconstruction of an insolvent debtor’s asset could not better fall. Generally speaking, if the principles governing the French and American Bankkruptcy Law undergo the influence of the Roman law, the solutions adopted with regard to the reconstruction of the asset are diverse and lead of often qualified but relatively close approaches. This study tries to demonstrate that the reconstruction is a process engaged in a definite purpose, the recovery of the debtor (see the Frest Start of the private individuals) and\or the payment of its liabilities; therefore it’s impossible to summarize it to a given legal technique. This process remains, then, in consubstantiality with the objectives of the opened case. The relation so established lead to the elements of apprehension of the notion of reconstruction of asset. It is about a process to put back the asset in its initial state by means of diverse legal techniques in an optics of maximization of the value of the debtor’s Estate. This report leads us to determine the conditions in which the effectiveness and the efficiency of the engaged process can be reached. These conditions vary as it is about an international bankruptcy or about a case concerning a debtor exercising its activity on the national territory. The economic efficiency of the French and American legislations is quite relative, towards the admitted ambitions. The reconstruction of the asset, involves, on both sides, the organization of the common law’s rules, governing the creditor-debtor relationship, and the special rules established for the need of a homogeneous treatment of the debtor’s insolvency. The effectiveness of the process, the putting back of the asset to its initial state, is assured in spite of the difficulties of organization of the aforesaid rules. However, the efficiency of the process, its capacity to optimize the value of the Estate to handle the debtor’s insolvency, depends on certain conditions the meeting of which is mostly improbable
Alquier, Alexandre. "La loi de sauvegarde des entreprises en difficulté : sauvetage des entreprises ou protection des créanciers ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32002.
Full textIn our modern market economies, the collective procedures play an essential part. The legislator of 1985 there had already not been mistaken and had introduced a right in adequacy with economic diagrams of its time. In twenty years, the economy has deeply moved and this right, which leads to 95% of bankruptcies, is not there more adapted. The legislator of 2005 marks, with " law of safeguard of the companies in difficulty ", a will to break with this acknowledgement of failure. Taking as a starting point the Chapter Eleven American, but also in tie lesson of the errors of the past, it reforms the whole of the right of collective procedures by supporting anticipation massively there and in giving again a place activates with the creditors, often abused under the empire of old law. Present study more particularly approaches this important reform with through prism of the creditors. The success of this law, which necessarily passes by a change of mentalities, contains without question of real innovations and should result in giving again with the creditors a major role in these procedures
Mafeuguemdjo, Blandine. "Etude comparée en droit OHADA et français de la protection du créancier chirographaire d'une société en difficulté." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT3010/document.
Full textThe exercise of an economic activity is a path fraught with obstacles. This is evidenced by the number of liquidations closed for lack of assets. For the year 2018 in France, there are 37,214 judicial liquidations against 16,359 judicial restatements. Similarly, in the OHADA space, despite the absence of a study to quantify the number of corporate failures, we know that the judicial liquidations remain significant and problematic. Many societies are dying without even going through a collective process, especially those operating in the informal sector. This situation is not without consequences for unsecured creditors who have no real or personal guarantee. The status of unsecured creditor does not, in most cases, result from a choice of the creditor concerned. This is a situation that is imposed on him, especially for reasons related to the cost of taking a guarantee. This situation is all the more worrying as the unsecured creditor may become, in turn, a debtor in difficulty. It is therefore important to look for a way to protect it. The first way to do this is to prevent it from being confronted with an unpaid situation, which involves preventive actions aimed at preventing, in order to avoid them, the difficulties of its debtors. In this respect, the mechanisms for preventing difficulties must be geared to better involving unsecured creditors in the early treatment of society's difficulties. On the other hand, because prevention does not prevent the occurrence of difficulties, it is important to look for ways to preserve unsecured creditors when a collective proceeding is still open. The subscription of an insurance can then be considered
Amphoux, Cécile. "Le crédit judiciaire." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010304.
Full textThe concept of judiciary credit could be taken from modern economy and companies or banking law. Although the notion of consuming credit is understood as something usual, it is still the classical way to make a debtor access to indebtedness or over indebtedness position. Under french common law, that situation implies the intervention of judiciary power. In that context, the executive judge competent for physicals person or the commercial court concerning companies in general are likely to pronounce a judgement added of different measures which the opportunity is freely appreciated by the court. Those measures can be identified as granting payment delay to debtor, modification of the term of the debt, acting directly o, the amount of the debt. The choice would be made in the perspective of reducing the amount on the one hand or by cancelling the amount on the other hand. Nevertheless, those legal mechanisms lead to constitute an attempt to contract law autonomy and by the way to contractual liberty of the parties
Sautonie-Laguionie, Laura. "La fraude paulienne." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40010.
Full textDiallo, Abdoulaye. "Protection de l’entrepreneur individuel et droits des créanciers : étude comparée droit français-droit de l’OHADA." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3013/document.
Full textWith regard to the principle of the system of assets, the individual entrepreneur take on all his assets. In case problems occur, his creditors could seize his personal properties and business assets. This unlimited liability of the individual entrepreneur might have serious consequences, especially when he is married, in a civil partnership or in concubinage. The individual entrepreneur's fragility has encouraged the legislature, in the French as well as in the OHADA law, to create mechanisms that would give him the opportunity to put his personal assets immune from the judicial proceedings of his professional creditors. Thus, apart from any associate's appropriation, the individual entrepreneur is now able, under the French law, to keep his personal assets out of his profesional creditors' right of forfeit, through the notarized statement from seizure or the option of the EIRL. Equally, through the matrimonial systems or the technique of the trust, he may limit the rights of his creditors. However, the effectiveness of the mechanisms of protection of the individual entrepreneur is not absolute. Indeed, it is often put into question by former creditors, and even the individual entrepreneur who sometimes may renounce to it in order to get credit. Moreover, when the individual entrepreneur is subjected to a collective proceeding, the effectiveness of the protection is only but relative. The partition of expected assets or the exemption of certain personal belongings from the creditors' forfeit is questioned. Therefore, the protection offered by these mechanisms is only but fallacious, hence the need to strengthen their effectiveness. In the absence of effective mechanisms of protection, the individual entrepreneur may resort to the different procedures of prevention as an alternative to the mechanisms of protection
Ferrari, Benjamin. "Le dessaisissement du débiteur en liquidation judiciaire. Contribution à l'étude de la situation du débiteur sous procédure collective." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0018.
Full textDispossessing a debtor in liquidation proceedings, that is the interesting question which naturally appears in such situations. At the start of the proceedings, the debtor must hand over the ability to exercise his rights and take actions over his assets to the liquidator. Even though the notion of dispossession is omnipresent, it remains an unclear notion nonetheless. Firstly, the type of procedure and the governing legal regime are not mutually exclusive. Secondly, it is indeed only the analysis of the creditor’s common pledge that allows us to understand dispossession. The link established between the two notions asserts that the fragmentation of the common pledge leads to a correlative weakening of the dispossession. If the dispossession is objectively dependent on the fluctuations of the real effect of the proceeding, it is furthermore the rights retained by the debtor that will have an impact on the substance of the measure. Respecting the entrepreneur’s fundamental rights restricts the effect of dispossession on the debtor’s procedural rights. These considerations contribute to the implementation of the European requirements in this area, and more specifically, the debtor’s right to a fresh start. In such conditions, the longevity of the dispossession raises other questions. We must decided between a pronounced anachronism of dispossession or the necessary evolution of the notion – to dispossess or not to dispossess, that is the heart of the question under study
Tilly, Patricia. "Du droit des suretés réelles au droit des garanties de paiement : propositions nouvelles pour la protection des creanciers." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE0020.
Full textSegarra, Marie-Noëlle. "La situation des créanciers dans les procédures collectives : aspects de droit comparé (Allemagne, Espagne, France, Italie)." Pau, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PAUU2001.
Full textSaley, Sidibe Harouna. "Le sort des créances postérieures en droit francais et droit de l'Organisation pour l'Harmonisation en Afrique du droit des Affaires (OHADA)." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0019/document.
Full textCreditors are the keystone of the firm’s activity. Indeed, they are still being the natural and primordial partner of the firm’s activity. This situation is valid similarly for in bonis Firms and for those which fell out bankrupt. According to French law, in the 6th book of the commercial law, and Organization for Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA)’s system, at the instigation of the uniform act on bankruptcy (AUPC), posterior creditors are those who enable ailing firm to eliminate financial stagnation. In the same time, posterior creditors are those who accepted to finalize a partnership with the firm in trouble, instead of its difficulties, so as to finance activity’s pursuit or to support to gain a sustainable solution. To understand and to analyze the fate of posterior creditor in both studying legal systems, it has been necessary to answer two main questions endowed with a certain technical nature. Firstly, what is a posterior debt? And secondly, how are posterior creditors treated by bankruptcy law? Answering to those questions took out likenesses and divergences between French law and OHADA’s system as for the fate of posterior debt born in the later partnership establishes subsequently to the judgment of opening of bankruptcy
Kuate, Tameghe Sylvain Sorel. "La protection du débiteur dans le système des voies d'exécution OHADA (Organisation pour l'Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires)." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40008.
Full textNaciri, Bennani Abdelhak. "La responsabilité du banquier dans l'octroi du crédit aux entreprises en difficulté en droit marocain." Perpignan, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0409.
Full textThe dammages sustained by the creditors of companies having difficulties, the responsibility of the faulty credit granted by the bank and namely the consequences of a legal liquidation of a company have made the moroccan legislator to review the "corporate" law. The new legislation that has greatly affected the requirements of the banking behaviour with regards to the companies and, in particular to those having difficulties, as well as the absence of jurisprudence entail an examination of the responsability of the bank as to its relations with the company having difficulties. The question, on the one hand, is to bring to the fore the duties and rights of the banker granting the credit to consciously avoid the difficulties of the company, and on the other hand to reveal the relatively precarious status of the granting banker as to the measures of collective execution without forgetting to delimit the banker's contribution to avoid the criminal or contractual liability from the time his intervention will be considered faulty or ill-timed. This study is then concerned with the aspect of third parties security in view of distribution of bank credits and of the rules governing any possible liability of the bank vis-à-vis the creditors of the company taking the credits. A question rises as to the line between the acceptable and the no more acceptable contribution. Is it advisable to encourage the bank to take a dynamic part in the future or in saving the company having difficulties ? The responsability of the banker starts in the end of the normal exercice of his work that is essentially financial
Manié, Véronique. "Le sort des créanciers dans les plans de sauvegarde, de redressement et de cession de l'entreprise." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10037.
Full textThe bankruptcy law is organized to reach the goal of safeguarding the firm. This purpose, clearly defined by the 26 July 2005 Act, can only be reached by adopting the plan. The plans form the subject of a renewed variety since the recent French reform of the 26th July of 2005 has recast the global structure of the bankruptcy law. The disappearance of the traditional dialectic creditor-debtor and the objectivization of the litigation lead to wonder about the means by which the lot of the creditors is apprehended in the plans of safeguarding, putting right and transfer of the company. This apprehension first leads to consider the distinct forms and the intensity that can take on the involvement of the creditors. Such participation, eminently unsettled according to the nature of the concerned plan, and deeply altered by the recent reform, is naturally limited. Beyond the participation in, it is the payment of the creditors, integrated into the plan, which has to be focused on. The supremacy of the economical logic disrupts the traditional rules regarding the payment and brings about a quite important erosion of the payment rightfully expected by the creditors. Nevertheless, some mechanisms resist to this disruptive context and allow the creditors to protect the effectiveness of their payment
Gerbi, Laurent. "L'optimisation patrimoniale à l'épreuve des risques d'organisation d'insolvabilité (aspects de droit interne français)." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090033.
Full textPatrimonial optimization can be definied as the anticipated research of the best technics to decreasing taxation, building a retirement earn, or having fruits from patrimony and passing it on in advantageous conditions. In this way the creation of patrimonials assemblies is only limited by the legal into inforce. But wealth management can sometimes cross the legal border, when a debtor tries to organise his « insolvency ». Indeed this diverse notion from a French normative point of view, can enter into conflict with the one of patrimonial « optimization », as the border that separates these two concepts is thiny. According to this should be analyse the different law technics of managing a patrimony, in a legal and praiseworthy way, and organised insolvency to determine a breaking point with legality. The purpose is to give a physical person the opportunity of managing his goods knowing the effects of his acts
Tissot, Stéphanie. "Effectivité des droits des créanciers et protection du patrimoine familial." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1083/document.
Full textThe right to enforced performance offers creditors legal remedies for forcing defaulting debtors to perform their obligations. However, this relationship of obligation is less a tie between two people as it is a tie between two sets of assets. This explains why obligations are performed in respect of the property of the debtor. Performance should thus be entirely extraneous to the debtor's family situation and concern only the debtor's personal assets. Yet despite the fact that families do not have legal personality, "community property" (patrimoine familial) commonly comes into play. In the broad sense of the term, "community property" is thus necessarily of interest to third-party creditors. Certain property is afforded special protection generally intended to protect the family. In addition to legal protection, contractual protection may also apply. The legislation in this area thus allows for a certain degree of flexibility with respect to private will, even if it ultimately reduces a creditor's claim. This protection thus necessarily conflicts with the creditor's right to performance and raises the question of the legitimacy of the interference it causes. In some cases, the balance is maintained between guaranteeing creditors' ability to exercise their right to enforced performance and ensuring legitimate protection of family assets. In other cases, however, this balance is threatened or even upset, calling the entire tenor and intent of the right to enforced performance into question
Netter, Emmanuel. "Les garanties indemnitaires." Strasbourg, 2010. https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01623401.
Full textAmong guarantee alternative options expressed by the doctrine, compensatory guarantees are commitments which do not consist in substituting onself with the defaulting main debtor, but to undertake to do or not to do something. Based on a renewed interpretation of article 1120 of the French Civil Code, the contract performance by the surety bearer would constitute these garantees’ archetype: the promisor commits itself to bring in good performance of the original contract by the main debtor. If the performance of the principal obligations is belated or defective, the promisor will be considered as having broken its promise, and therefore its contractual liability is at stake. However, the undertaking to do something may also consist in a mere behaviour likely to increase every chance of the principal contract to be performed: many examples can be found in the letter of commitment practice within corporations, where the controlling company commits itself to watch over the management of a subsidiary company, to support its cash position, or to maintain its funding interest. This study reveals that grouping together these two types of commitment, the one through which the creditor is assured to gain satisfaction, and the one through which a mere behaviour has been promised, is a mistake. If the latter is a classic obligation to do or not to do something, the former finally consists in taking on a credit risk. Such an undertaking must be closed up with insurance contracts, and must not be governed by tort liability rules. Fruitful connections may therefore be worked out between the fields of personal guarantees and insurance
Agbenoto, Koffi Mawunyo. "Le cautionnement à l’épreuve des procédures collectives." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA2003.pdf.
Full textDols-Magneville, Mathilde. "La réalisation des sûretés réelles." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10074/document.
Full textThe decree of the 23rd of March 2006 and bankruptcy and fiducy Acts deeply reformed the French security rights, specially their realization. The legislator had several aims. He tried to ensure to the creditor the efficiency of his security and to protect the debtor’s and third parties’ interests. He also targeted to strike a balance between efficiency and protection. Due to the reform, securities in the form of real or personal property become closer and a common set of rules is emerging. Raising a common set of rules is one of the ways to achieve the legislative aims. On one hand, to raise the efficiency of his security rights, the creditor has an option. In case of debtor default, the way to realize the security can be chosen. The creditor can be alternatively satisfied by a priority right or an exclusive right. On the other hand, debtor and third parties’ protection is based on the respect of their economic interests, their human dignity and on legal certainty. In this way, creditor’s option and satisfaction are limited
Tchakoteu, Messabiem Liliane. "La protection des créanciers dans les procédures collectives d'apurement du passif O. H. A. D. A, comparaison avec le droit français." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1166.
Full textThe system of protection of creditors in collective procedures has evolved considerably. The processing mechanism of the company’s difficulties does not focus on creditor's claims; the legislations are invited to pay more attention to other players that are structural debtor and other third parties. The need to divest the debtor and regroup creditors’ together remains, but the current law redefined the relationship between the creditor and the debtor. This revival of the legislation on collective procedures occurs both in French law and in the O. H. A. D. A. Right. In French right, the willingness of creditor protection is combined with the need to preserve the activity, seeking payment of creditors is made flexible to allow, if necessary, rescue of the company. In the context of the O. H. A. D. A, the increasing will to protect all the creditors warrants the setting of legal mortage on the debitor’s estate and the inflexibility of recovering mechanisms. Ultimately, we can see that both in French and African Law, creditors continue to receive protection and collective dimension oriented egalitarian but that protection rules express faint differences between approches from one system to another