Academic literature on the topic 'Drones'
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Journal articles on the topic "Drones"
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Kang, Tae-Won, and Jin-Woo Jung. "A Drone’s 3D Localization and Load Mapping Based on QR Codes for Load Management." Drones 8, no. 4 (March 29, 2024): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones8040130.
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The ongoing expansion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has led to a diversification of drone applications. Among them, this paper focuses on the critical technology required for load management using drones. Generally, when using autonomous drones, global positioning system (GPS) receivers attached to the drones are used to determine the drone’s position. However, GPS integrated into commercially available drones have an error margin on the order of several meters. This paper, proposes a method that uses fixed-size quick response (QR) codes to maintain the error of drone 3D localization within a specific range and enable accurate mapping. In the drone’s 3D localization experiment, the errors were maintained within a specific range, with average errors ranging from approximately 0 to 3 cm, showing minimal differences. During the mapping experiment, the average error between the actual and estimated positions of the QR codes was consistently around 0 to 3 cm.
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Wilson, Andrew M., Kenneth S. Boyle, Jennifer L. Gilmore, Cody J. Kiefer, and Matthew F. Walker. "Species-Specific Responses of Bird Song Output in the Presence of Drones." Drones 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6010001.
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Drones are now widely used to study wildlife, but their application in the study of bioacoustics is limited. Drones can be used to collect data on bird vocalizations, but an ongoing concern is that noise from drones could change bird vocalization behavior. To test for behavioral impact, we conducted an experiment using 30 sound localization arrays to track the song output of 7 songbird species before, during, and after a 3 min flight of a small quadcopter drone hovering 48 m above ground level. We analyzed 8303 song bouts, of which 2285, from 184 individual birds were within 50 m of the array centers. We used linear mixed effect models to assess whether patterns in bird song output could be attributed to the drone’s presence. We found no evidence of any effect of the drone on five species: American Robin Turdus migratorius, Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas, Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla, Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia, and Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea. However, we found a substantial decrease in Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia song detections during the 3 min drone hover; there was an 81% drop in detections in the third minute (Wald test, p < 0.001) compared with before the drone’s introduction. By contrast, the number of singing Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis increased when the drone was overhead and remained almost five-fold higher for 4 min after the drone departed (p < 0.001). Further, we found an increase in cardinal contact/alarm calls when the drone was overhead, with the elevated calling rate lasting for 2 min after the drone departed (p < 0.001). Our study suggests that the responses of songbirds to drones may be species-specific, an important consideration when proposing the use of drones in avian studies. We note that recent advances in drone technology have resulted in much quieter drones, which makes us hopeful that the impact that we detected could be greatly reduced.
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Yulianto, Ahmad Wilda, Dhandi Yudhit Yuniar, and Yoyok Heru Prasetyo. "Navigation and Guidance for Autonomous Quadcopter Drones Using Deep Learning on Indoor Corridors." Jurnal Jartel Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v12i4.422.
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Autonomous drones require accurate navigation and localization algorithms to carry out their duties. Outdoors drones can utilize GPS for navigation and localization systems. However, GPS is often unreliable or not available at all indoors. Therefore, in this research, an autonomous indoor drone navigation model was created using a deep learning algorithm, to assist drone navigation automatically, especially in indoor corridor areas. In this research, only the Caddx Ratel 2 FPV camera mounted on the drone was used as an input for the deep learning model to navigate the drone forward without a collision with the wall in the corridor. This research produces two deep learning models, namely, a rotational model to overcome a drone's orientation deviations with a loss of 0.0010 and a mean squared error of 0.0009, and a translation model to overcome a drone's translation deviation with a loss of 0.0140 and a mean squared error of 0.011. The implementation of the two models on autonomous drones reaches an NCR value of 0.2. The conclusion from the results obtained in this research is that the difference in resolution and FOV value in the actual image captured by the FPV camera on the drone with the image used for training the deep learning model results in a discrepancy in the output value during the implementation of the deep learning model on autonomous drones and produces low NCR implementation values.
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Junior, Milembolo Miantezila, and Bin Guo. "Sensing spectrum sharing based massive MIMO radar for drone tracking and interception." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 20, 2022): e0268834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268834.
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Radar sensors are becoming crucial for environmental perception in a world with the tremendous growth of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones. When public safety is a concern, the localization of drones are of great significance. However, a drone used for a wrong motive can cause a serious problem for the environment and public safety, given the fact that the dynamic movement of a drone’s emission signal and location tracking is different from existing positioning. This study proposes a safety zone characterized by the presence of N radars sensors with a goal to track and destabilized rogue drones attending to penetrate safety zones (stadium and school). Specifically, a new joint estimation based on a Gaussian filter has been introduced for spectrum sharing and detection awareness. The profit of this novel sensing method can be clearly seen when the two joint hidden states are taken into consideration. Therefore, the drone’s emission state is analyzed by estimating its movement jointly. Considering the drone’s unknown states and actual positioning, an algorithm is developed based on dynamic states space model. Where Bernoulli filter model is designed to estimate recursively the unknown stages of the drone and its changing location based on time. Meanwhile a power control acted from the radar to the targeted drones so that rogue drones are optimally tracked and destabilized over time. Furthermore, an expanding mechanism has been generated to accurately track the drone and enhance detection. A thoughtful result of the experimentation shows clearly that, even when the drone is moving, spectral detection can be performed accurately by chasing its positions. Its demonstrates at 90% of credibility that the original signal has a direct effect on the propagated signal. Therefore, the magnitude of the Doppler shift increases with frequency. And the clue of its positioning can be used for cognitive radio optimization.
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Truog, Susan, Luciana Maxim, Charles Matemba, Carla Blauvelt, Hope Ngwira, Archimede Makaya, Susana Moreira, et al. "Insights Before Flights: How Community Perceptions Can Make or Break Medical Drone Deliveries." Drones 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones4030051.
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Drones are increasingly used to transport health products, but life-saving interventions can be stalled if local community concerns and preferences are not assessed and addressed. In order to inform the introduction of drones in new contexts, this paper analyzed similarities and differences in community perceptions of medical delivery drones in Malawi, Mozambique, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Dominican Republic (DR). Community perceptions were assessed using focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) conducted with stakeholders at the national level, at health facilities and in communities. Data were collected on respondents’ familiarity with drones, perceptions of benefits and risks of drones, advice on drone operations and recommendations on sharing information with the community. The comparative analysis found similar perceptions around the potential benefits of using drones, as well as important differences in the perceived risks of flying drones and culturally appropriate communication mechanisms based on the local context. Because community perceptions are heavily influenced by culture and local experiences, a similar assessment should be conducted before introducing drone activities in new areas and two-way feedback channels should be established once drone operations are established in an area. The extent to which a community understands and supports the use of drones to transport health products will ultimately play a critical role in the success or failure of the drone’s ability to bring life-saving products to those who need them.
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Lakshmi K K, Hareesha N. G,. "Solar-Powered Drone for Extended Flight Time." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 4 (October 16, 2023): 2874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.1377.
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Drones can now fly for longer periods and have a smaller carbon footprint. These drones have solar cells that use sunlight's energy to power the drone and other components on board. Agriculture, disaster relief, and environmental protection can all benefit from the development of solar-powered drones. The present research aims to increase battery life so that flights can last longer. It gives a general overview of the drone's parts and solar cells, outlining potential applications. Incorrect weight distribution can cause instability and make it difficult to achieve lift, rendering the drone incapable of flight and confined to ground-based operations The drone being discussed has a well-balanced weight distribution, which restricts its functionality and prevents it from flying correctly. Proper weight distribution has been achieved in the drone under consideration in this study, leading to stable flight and improved endurance.
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Maurer, Kathrin. "Visual power: The scopic regime of military drone operations." Media, War & Conflict 10, no. 2 (April 7, 2016): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635216636137.
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This article analyzes how visual scopic regimes of military drones configure violence as a form of man hunting. For the French philosopher Grégoire Chamayou, man hunting embodies a type of cynegetic (hunting related) violence, which military drones can execute by power surveillance. Research often focuses on the political, legal, anthropological, and ethical aspects of this type of violence; the aspects of its visual framing are often underexposed. In order to change this shortcoming, this article draws attention to the medial aspects of this violence by investigating the drone’s scopic regime. The scopic regime refers to the drone’s visual configuration, i.e. its ocular operations of capture, its optical perspective on the target, the visual sensing of the drone pilot, as well as the target’s range of vision. Three scopic dimensions of military drones, namely hypervisibility, visual immersion, and invisibility are investigated. In doing so, this article explores how drones stage, interpret, convey, mediate, and execute violence as man hunting. Excursions to the works of contemporary visual artists are conducted in order to illustrate aesthetic interventions against the drone’s visual superpower.
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Saranovic, Daniel, Martin Pavlovski, William Power, Ivan Stojkovic, and Zoran Obradovic. "Interception of automated adversarial drone swarms in partially observed environments." Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering 28, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ica-210653.
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As the prevalence of drones increases, understanding and preparing for possible adversarial uses of drones and drone swarms is of paramount importance. Correspondingly, developing defensive mechanisms in which swarms can be used to protect against adversarial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is a problem that requires further attention. Prior work on intercepting UAVs relies mostly on utilizing additional sensors or uses the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, for which strong conditions need to be met to guarantee the existence of a saddle-point solution. To that end, this work proposes a novel interception method that utilizes the swarm’s onboard PID controllers for setting the drones’ states during interception. The drone’s states are constrained only by their physical limitations, and only partial feedback of the adversarial drone’s positions is assumed. The new framework is evaluated in a virtual environment under different environmental and model settings, using random simulations of more than 165,000 swarm flights. For certain environmental settings, our results indicate that the interception performance of larger swarms under partial observation is comparable to that of a one-drone swarm under full observation of the adversarial drone.
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Shayea, Ibraheem, Pabiola Dushi, Mohammed Banafaa, Rozeha A. Rashid, Sawsan Ali, Mohd Adib Sarijari, Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh, and Hafizal Mohamad. "Handover Management for Drones in Future Mobile Networks—A Survey." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 6424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176424.
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Drones have attracted extensive attention for their environmental, civil, and military applications. Because of their low cost and flexibility in deployment, drones with communication capabilities are expected to play key important roles in Fifth Generation (5G), Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks, and beyond. 6G and 5G are intended to be a full-coverage network capable of providing ubiquitous connections for space, air, ground, and underwater applications. Drones can provide airborne communication in a variety of cases, including as Aerial Base Stations (ABSs) for ground users, relays to link isolated nodes, and mobile users in wireless networks. However, variables such as the drone’s free-space propagation behavior at high altitudes and its exposure to antenna sidelobes can contribute to radio environment alterations. These differences may render existing mobility models and techniques as inefficient for connected drone applications. Therefore, drone connections may experience significant issues due to limited power, packet loss, high network congestion, and/or high movement speeds. More issues, such as frequent handovers, may emerge due to erroneous transmissions from limited coverage areas in drone networks. Therefore, the deployments of drones in future mobile networks, including 5G and 6G networks, will face a critical technical issue related to mobility and handover processes due to the main differences in drones’ characterizations. Therefore, drone networks require more efficient mobility and handover techniques to continuously maintain stable and reliable connection. More advanced mobility techniques and system reconfiguration are essential, in addition to an alternative framework to handle data transmission. This paper reviews numerous studies on handover management for connected drones in mobile communication networks. The work contributes to providing a more focused review of drone networks, mobility management for drones, and related works in the literature. The main challenges facing the implementation of connected drones are highlighted, especially those related to mobility management, in more detail. The analysis and discussion of this study indicates that, by adopting intelligent handover schemes that utilizing machine learning, deep learning, and automatic robust processes, the handover problems and related issues can be reduced significantly as compared to traditional techniques.
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Yang, Eun Young. "The necessity of enacting independent legislation reflecting the entire life cycle of drones." Korean Public Land Law Association 101 (February 28, 2023): 411–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2023.101.411.
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It is no exaggeration to say that drones are the leader of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the whole world is paying attention to fostering the drone industry. Since drones reflect the verification of state-of-the-art technology and the improved emotional culture of humans, Korea's drone law is currently focusing on the use of drones, industrial development, fostering, and promotion, so it is necessary to strengthen regulations on risks and side effects from the expansion of the drone industry. Korea deals with regulations on the production, ownership, and operation of drones, focusing on the Aviation Safety Act, which is largely applied differently depending on weight and business status. Unlike Korea, aviation-related laws such as drone reporting, pilot certification, flight airspace, and pilot compliance are organized into separate chapters or enacted separate laws in major advanced aviation countries, while Korea's drone-related laws are scattered in many related laws, so there are many problems in practical application. Most basically, even the terms established in the law are not unified in practice, the standards presented in practice are not reflected in the law, and accordingly, there is a gap between laws and practice in safety management standards and operation. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has come up with measures to strengthen some regulations to improve the safety of drones, but the problem is that legislative omission and simple formal regulations are being made due to inadequate regulations on aircraft declaration, safety certification and flight approval, and pilot certification systems and excessive deregulation. In addition, public law regulation is urgent in that there is no control means for drones in operation, there are limitations in cracking down on drones in illegal flight, and there is no instructions for the disposal of drones that have been operated. Therefore, in this study, the existing laws and regulations focusing on the stages of the drone's entire life cycle, it is applied at each stage are combined to improve measures such as supplementing legislative inadequacies, for example, clarification of drone definition, legislation of liability insurance, strengthening safety security regulations, practical drone crackdown and production requirements, drone disposal, etc. and to make it easier for the people subject to the law to understand, I will propose a direction to preemptively prepare legislation that deals only with drones to improve the current drone-related legislation, which is stipulated in conjunction with existing aircraft, to form a separate chapter in the Aviation Safety Act, or to enact a new individual law, considering the infinite growth potential of the drone industry and its influence on society.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drones"
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Rodrigues, Anna Carolina Natale. "Drones e drone art : poder militar, ética e resistência." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2015. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/87.
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Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas, mais conhecidas como Drones nos textos da imprensa, são aeronaves que funcionam como dispositivos de vigilância e defesa, utilizados pelos Estados Unidos desde a Guerra do Vietnã. Por muito tempo esta tecnologia esteve nas mãos dos israelenses, mas, nos últimos anos, os Estados Unidos tornaram-se o maior produtor desse tipo de aeronave. A utilização desta tecnologia começou a se tornar conhecida no último governo Bush após os ataques de 11 de setembro com a chamada ‘Guerra ao Terror’. Mais recentemente, o governo Obama intensificou o seu uso, com o aumento de investimentos militares, fabricação e circulação desses dispositivos. Por mais que o uso civil desta tecnologia esteja aumentando, o foco da pesquisa ainda em andamento é a utilização dela no contexto militar, principalmente estadunidense. Há quase dois mil conflitos armados ao redor do mundo desde o novo milênio e o número cresce a cada dia. A violência legítima, a criminalidade e o terrorismo tornam-se indistinguíveis um do outro. Em decorrência disso, os termos de validação tendem a entrar em colapso. Os chamados drones podem ser operados a milhares de quilômetros de distância e costumam ser utilizados sem a autorização do espaço aéreo dos governos invadidos. Vive-se em um momento de conflitos difusos de pequenos inimigos em todo lugar e a utilização das Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas confirma a ideia da presença de um inimigo constante, e quando a guerra está na base da política, o inimigo tem a função constitutiva de legitimar a vigilância e os ataques. Se o inimigo não é mais concreto, compreensível e localizável sua aura é hostil, facilitando a legitimação daquilo que é na realidade insustentável.
Remotely Piloted Aircrafts also known through the press as Drones, are surveillance and defense devices used by The United States of America since the Vietnam war. For a long time, this technology was in the hands of the Israeli armed forces, but in the last few years, The United States became the largest producer of this aircraft. The use of Drones became known in the last Bush administration, after the attacks of September 11, with the so-called "War on Terror". Moreover, more recently in the Obama administration with the increasing manufacture of such devices. Even though the use of this technology among civilians are increasing, the focus of this ongoing research is its use in military context, mostly American. According to Hardt and Negri (2012), nowadays there are almost two thousand armed conflicts around the world since the new millennium. These numbers keep growing, therefore, the legitimate violence, crime and terrorism became indistinguishable from one another, the terms of validation tend to collapse. The remotely piloted aircrafts can be operated thousands of miles away and often without the airspace permission of the invaded governments. We are in a time of small and intern conflicts with small enemies everywhere. Moreover, using this aircraft confirms the idea of this constant enemy, and when war is at the base of politics, the enemy has the primary function to legitimate surveillance and attacks. If the enemy is no longer concrete, understandable and traceable, then its aura is hostile, facilitating the legitimacy of that is in reality unsustainable.
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Agarwal, Girish. "Droneopticon: privacy implications of civilian drones in the EU." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671726.
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Civilian drones are increasing in their use. One of the reasons for their rising popularity and increased use, is affordability. They are used for recreational photography, delivering medicines, dousing fire, spraying crops, and even surveillance of individuals.
As is the fate with all inventions, drones are also being regulated. Legislation is the most obvious armour against the negative social impacts of technology, in this case, visual privacy. But there are other negative social impacts, for example, property trespass, which may in combination with others, change the arithmetic of the legal liability.
Therefore, this study investigates the impact on visual privacy of individuals, by the increasing use of civilian drones, and the nature of liability. This study also investigates the adequacy of the existing solutions to fight the violations of visual privacy by drones and their remote pilots.El uso de drones civiles está aumentando. Una de las razones de su creciente popularidad y de su mayor uso es su asequibilidad. Los drones civiles se utilizan para, entre otras finalidades, fotografía recreativa, entrega de medicamentos, extinción de incendios, fumigación de cultivos e incluso vigilancia de personas. Como ocurre con el destino de todas las invenciones, los drones también están siendo regulados. La legislación es la herramienta más obvia contra los impactos sociales negativos de esta tecnología, viii en este caso, sobre la privacidad visual. Más allá de estos, existen otros impactos sociales negativos de los drones civiles, por ejemplo, las invasiones físicas en propiedades ajenas, que, en combinación con otros, pueden cambiar la aritmética de la responsabilidad civil. Este estudio investiga el impacto que tiene el uso creciente de drones civiles en la privacidad visual de las personas, así como la naturaleza de la responsabilidad legal que se deriva de ello. Este estudio también investiga la adecuación de las soluciones existentes para combatir las intromisiones en la privacidad visual por parte de los drones y sus pilotos remotos.
L’ús de drons civils està augmentant. Una de les raons de la seva creixent popularitat i del seu major ús és la seva assequibilitat. Els drons civils s’utilitzen per a, entre d’altres finalitats, fotografia recreativa, lliurament de medicaments, extinció d’incendis, fumigació de cultius i fins i tot vigilància de persones. Com passa amb el destí de totes les invencions, els drons també estan sent regulats. La legislació és l’eina més òbvia contra els impactes socials negatius d’aquesta tecnologia, en aquest cas, sobre la privacitat visual. Més enllà d’aquests, hi ha altres impactes socials negatius dels drons civils, per exemple, les invasions físiques en propietats alienes, que en combinació amb altres, poden canviar l’aritmètica de la responsabilitat civil. Aquest estudi investiga l’impacte que té l’ús creixent de drons civils en la privacitat visual de les persones, així com la naturalesa de la responsabilitat legal que se’n deriva. Aquest estudi també investiga l’adequació de les solucions existents per a combatre les intromissions en la privacitat visual per part dels drons i els seus pilots remots.
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Olsson, Sofia. "Drones in Arctic Environments: Development of Automatic Water Sampler for Aerial Drones." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236506.
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The purpose of the thesis is to develop a water samplingsolution to use with an aerial drone for remote water sampling and to investigate the feasibility of the system. The actuating hypothesis is that using a drone for this application will have many benefits over the manual methods, for example to reach inhospitable areas, improve data gathering and offer a safer work situation for the researchers. The research method has been empirical and exploring, by rapidly develop prototypes based on a pre-study, test the full test system and draw conclusions regarding the feasibility of the application based on the tests. Through the pre-study of the current water sampling process through interviews and a survey, a general user case was created. It was studied with a mechatronic perspective to understand how the current water sampling process could be adjusted to function remotely with a drone. The main focuses when developing the water sampler was to design a product independent from the drone with full automatic function, and to maximize its water volume capacity while minimizing the weight of the sampler to manage the drones barload constraints of 1 kg. Through workshop activities and methods from TRIZ theory, several concepts were evaluated. The main idea was to integrate the laboratory bottle with the water sampler. Two physical prototypes were designed to test the function of the concepts and evaluate them against the Ruttner sampler. The first prototype, the Wheel, has a simple design, is lightweight and mechanic while the second prototype, the Combination, is more complex, heavier and uses a mechatronic system. The prototypes were evaluated through functional tests to investigate its design and suitability to be used with a drone for water sampling. The behavior of the full test system, consisting of the Wheel sampler and a drone, was observed and analyzed through drone data when gathering water samples. The thesis demonstrates through field tests that the system, consisting of drone and developed water sampler, succeeds in gathering water samples remotely. Through tests of the water samplers, the thesis also shows the benefits and disadvantages of their proposed design for water sampling.
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ADER, MARIA, and DAVID AXELSSON. "Drones in arctic environments." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217918.
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This is a master thesis by Maria Ader and David Axelsson, students at the Master of Science in Engineering degree program in Design and Product Realization at KTH, within the master program Integrated Product Design. The thesis work will benefit ÅF and the EU project ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ. The ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ project is part of the EU’s effort to forward climate research, and aims to “coordinate and harmonize research and monitoring efforts that will greatly contribute to our knowledge and understanding of changes occurring in the arctic environment.” One out of 12 subprojects within ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ aims to “increase awareness of drone technology and sensors among researchers and research station managers while making industry aware of innovative potential uses requiring drone and sensor development.” A drone is an unmanned aerial system/vehicle (UAS/UAV), i.e. an airborne vehicle without a human pilot aboard. This master thesis examines the need of drones at the ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ research stations and how arctic climates affect drone technology and the ergonomics of piloting a drone. The thesis also provides an overview of the current state of the drone market and the laws and regulations that affect the use of drones. A survey was distributed within ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ to map the researchers’ need of, and attitudes towards, drones, followed by exhaustive interviews with researchers and other key figures. Field testing at Tarfala Research Station provided complementing data. The primary insight from the study was that the researchers’ need, as well as the tasks and methods that they employ, vary greatly. Another insight was that many researchers want to use drones primarily as a sensor platform to collect data from large areas in a short time span. A situation-based drone recommendation and a concept proposal for a simple water sampling solution were made based on the results of the studyDetta är ett examensarbete utfört av Maria Ader och David Axelsson, studenter på civilingenjörsprogrammet Design och Produktframtagning på KTH, med masterinriktning Teknisk Design. Arbetet är utfört åt ÅF i syfte att bidra till EU-projektet ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ. Iɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ är EU:s satsning på klimatforskning i Arktis och syftar till att “koordinera och harmonisera forskning och miljöbevakning som bidrar till vår kunskap och förståelse av förändringar som sker i de arktiska miljöerna.” Ett av tolv delprojekt inom ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ-projektet syftar till att öka medvetenheten om drönarteknologi och sensorer bland forskare och föreståndare på forskningsstationerna inom ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ, samt att göra drönarindustrin medveten om nya potentiella användningsområden. En drönare är ett obemannat luftfartyg, d.v.s. en flygfarkost utan pilot ombord. Drönare benämns ibland som “UAS” och “UAV”. I den här rapporten används främst den engelska termen “drones”. Detta examensarbete undersöker behovet av drönare på de forskningsstationer som är delaktiga i ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ och hur det arktiska klimatet påverkar drönartekniken och ergonomin. Arbetet kartlägger även drönarmarknaden och de lagar och regler som påverkar användandet av drönare. En utförlig studie genomfördes, där forskarnas behov av drönare undersöktes. En enkät skickades ut inom ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ och utförliga intervjuer genomfördes med forskare och andra nyckelpersoner. Ett studiebesök på Tarfala forskningsstation kompletterade med fältdata. Den främsta insikten från studien var att behov, arbetsuppgifter och metoder varierar mycket mellan de olika forskarna. En annan insikt var att många ville använda drönare som sensorbärare, och på så sätt insamla data från stora områden på kort tid. Resultatet från studien låg till grund för en situationsbaserad drönarrekommendation samt ett konceptförslag för en enkel vattenprovtagningslösning.
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Fall, Abdou Lahat. "Assistive Drone Technology: Using Drones to Enhance Building Access for the Physically Disabled." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522399761180306.
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Alvané, Tiago Alexandre Gonçalves. "Navegação de drones via GPS." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14569.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesAtualmente vivemos numa era onde a evolução tecnológica cresce exponencialmente e onde novos conceitos surgem diariamente para gáudio de uns e desagrado de outros. Uma das tecnologias mais emergentes e com maior impacto nos últimos anos é a comercialização de quadcopters de pequena dimensão, também denominados de drones pertencendo à categoria de Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). A possibilidade de estes poderem ser tripulados através de controladores capacitados de comunicações rádio ou mais recentemente por simples tablets ou smartphones, fez com que o interesse de aquisição atingisse valores sem precedentes, ao ponto de os departamentos de defesa e segurança de vários países sentirem a necessidade de legislar, de modo a preservar a segurança e privacidade. Esta necessidade prede-se com o facto de a maioria dos drones comerciais permitem alcançar uma altitude considerável e estão maioritariamente equipados com câmaras com alta definição. Com a comercialização de drones das mais variadas dimensões, não tardaram a surgir uma infinidade de aplicações civis para cenários de qualquer índole. À medida que as aplicações surgiram, surgiu também a necessidade de integração de vários sensores que contribuíssem para um voo mais controlado, libertando o piloto da necessidade de um controlo total sobre o drone. A inclusão de tecnologias de localização GPS surgem assim como uma mais-valia no controlo através o posicionamento geográfico, tal como a possibilidade de serem realizados voos completamente autónomos, ficando do lado do utilizador a decisão de definir o trajeto a realizar pelo drone, sendo possível a introdução de vários pontos de passagem (waypoints) ao longo de um percurso definido. Como tal, o objetivo do trabalho desenvolvido e descrito neste documento foi o de desenvolver uma aplicação que permitisse a introdução de waypoints em formato de coordenadas geográficas em graus decimais, ficando do lado da aplicação a capacidade de receção de mensagens de localização através de um recetor GPS, análise das variáveis de controlo do drone e envio de comandos de navegação. São ainda gerados algoritmos de segurança, salvaguardando assim o sistema de possíveis erros de leitura ou falhas de comunicação.
Nowadays, we live in an era where the technological evolution is growing exponentially. New concepts come out daily for the delight of some and the displeasure of other. In the last two years, one of the most emerging technologies with a huge impact on people’s life was the put up for sale of quadcopters which is a class of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and also known as drones. The fact that they can be controlled by a RC command or more recently by tablets or smartphones resulted in an unprecedented rise of the drone’s purchase. In many countries, this reality forced the defense and security departments to be alert and create laws to ensure the security and privacy of everyone. This need to protect the privacy and security stemmed from the fact that most recent drones are provided with high definition cameras and can achieve a considerable altitude. Due to the drone’s commercialization with the most varied dimensions, many civil applications were taking shape for any type of scenarios. As new applications emerged, also came up the need for the integration of sensors to allow smoother flights with a better control, liberating the pilot from the need to take full control of the drone. Thus, the inclusion of navigation systems, such as GPS, becomes a very powerful tool. This technology allows a better control over the location of the drone, as well as the option of fully autonomous flight. This feature made the piloting task easier, being only essential to define the flight path through the introduction of waypoints. Therefore, the purpose of the work developed and presented in this document is to develop an application which allows the instruction of waypoints coordinates in decimal format. The application receives coordinates from a GPS receiver, analyses the control variables and sends the navigation commands to the drone. The application also contains a security system, to circumvent eventual communication failures.
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Ay, Emre. "Ego-Motion Estimation of Drones." Thesis, KTH, Robotik, perception och lärande, RPL, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210772.
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To remove the dependency on external structure for drone positioning in GPS-denied environments, it is desirable to estimate the ego-motion of drones on-board. Visual positioning systems have been studied for quite some time and the literature on the area is diligent. The aim of this project is to investigate the currently available methods and implement a visual odometry system for drones which is capable of giving continuous estimates with a lightweight solution. In that manner, the state of the art systems are investigated and a visual odometry system is implemented based on the design decisions. The resulting system is shown to give acceptable estimates.För att avlägsna behovet av extern infrastruktur så som GPS, som dessutominte är tillgänglig i många miljöer, är det önskvärt att uppskatta en drönares rörelse med sensor ombord. Visuella positioneringssystem har studerats under lång tid och litteraturen på området är ymnig. Syftet med detta projekt är att undersöka de för närvarande tillgängliga metodernaoch designa ett visuellt baserat positioneringssystem för drönare. Det resulterande systemet utvärderas och visas ge acceptabla positionsuppskattningar.
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Babenko, A. "Are weareable drones our future?" Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40481.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVS), also known as drones,
are aircraft either controlled by 'pilots' from the ground or
increasingly, autonomously following a pre-programmed mission.
When people firstly hear about drones, they think only about the
ability to take a selfie or reconnaissance and surveillance purposes,
however, there are bigger things on the horizon for little flying
machines.
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Ursulian, Alexander-Albert, and Олександр-Альберт Ігорович Урсулян. "Last mile delivery by drones." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50554.
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1. Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD), Delivering The Goods: 21st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport, 2003, p. 7-17, Available at: https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/03deliveringgoods.pdf
2. Hassanalian, M., & Abdelkefi, A. (2017). Classifications, applications, and design challenges of drones: A review. Progress in Aerospace Science, p. 91. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2017.04.003
3. Goodchild, A., & Toy, J. (2017). Delivery by drone: An evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicle technology in reducing CO2emissions in the delivery service industry. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, p. 61. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.trd.2017.02.017.
4. Singireddy, R. S. R., & Daim, T. U. (2018). Technology Roadmap : Drone Delivery – Amazon Prime Air. In T. Daim & C. L. EJ (Eds.), Infrastructure and Technology Management. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management (pp. 387–412).Transportation is one of the core foundations of global economies, consisting of a variety of individual networks and their interconnections that are designed to meet people's and goods' mobility needs. Transportation systems are made up of a large number of physical and organizational components and are characterized by a high level of inherent complexity that’s why very often organization infrastructure and logistics of a city can’t always keep up with increased consumer demand. One option of solution would be to use ecologic and effective drones for urban deliveries.
Транспорт є однією з основних основ світової економіки, що складається з різноманітних окремих мереж та їх взаємозв’язків, призначених для задоволення потреб у мобільності людей та товарів. Транспортні системи складаються з великої кількості фізичних та організаційних компонентів і характеризуються високим рівнем властивої їм складності, тому дуже часто організаційна інфраструктура та логістика міста не завжди можуть встигати за зростанням споживчого попиту. Одним із варіантів рішення було б використовувати екологічні та ефективні безпілотники для міських перевезень.
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Duffy, Sean David. "Why the Rise in Drones." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1440338245.
Full textBooks on the topic "Drones"
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illustrator, Roots Adrian, Paulli Giovanni illustrator, Johnson Staz illustrator, Frith Alex editor, and Kovac Mirko consultant, eds. Drones. London: Usborne Publishing Ltd, 2015.
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Krishna, K. R. Agricultural Drones. Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315195520.
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Hutchinson, Ron. Drones, Baby, Drones. Oberon Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350431935.
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Kreps, Sarah. Drones. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190235345.001.0001.
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Drones quite possibly represent the most transformative military innovation since jet engines and atomic weaponry. No longer do humans have to engage in close military action or be in the same geographical vicinity as the target. Now, through satellite imaging and remote technology, countries such as the United States can destroy small targets halfway around the world with pinpoint accuracy. In the last several years, many of the military advancements have been rivaled by those in the commercial realm. Civilian industries have clamored to acquire drones for everything from monitoring crops to filming Hollywood movies to delivering packages. Not surprisingly, the use of drones has generated a lively debate, but no book thus far has engaged the range of themes surrounding drones. How do drones work? To what extent has the technology proliferated to other nations outside the US? How can they be used on the ground and in maritime environments? How are they being integrated into both military and civilian life? In Drones: What Everyone Needs to Know, the international relations scholar (and former air force officer) Sarah Kreps provides a concise synthesis of the topic. The book explains how they and the systems associated with them work, how they are being used today, and what will become of the technology in the future. What readers need now is a more practical guide to how this technology is reshaping both military and civilian life; this book is that guide. The drone revolution has already changed warfare, and will soon become a commonplace tool in a civilian context too. It is clear that drone technology is here to stay. Drones: What Everyone Needs to Know explains how the revolution happened, what its current contours are, and where we might be headed next.
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Drones: The Professional Drone Pilot's Manual. North Charleston, USA: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.
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Halliday, Brian. Drones: The Professional Drone Pilot's Manual. Independently Published, 2016.
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Halliday, Brian. Drones: The Professional Drone Pilot's Manual. Independently Published, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Drones"
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Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. "Drones." In Aviation in the Digital Age, 121–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48218-3_7.
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Parrott, E. "Drones." In Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69891-5_286-1.
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Scribano, Adrian. "Drones." In Emotions in a Digital World, 95–112. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003319771-6.
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Grote, Matt, Andy Oakey, Aliaksei Pilko, Angela Smith, and Tom Cherrett. "Drones." In The Routledge Handbook of Urban Logistics, 72–90. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003241478-8.
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Fish, Adam. "Drones." In The Routledge International Handbook of Ethnographic Film and Video, 247–55. Other titles: International handbook of ethnographic film and video Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429196997-28.
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Levine, Steven. "Drones." In Opposing Perspectives on the Drone Debate, 115–26. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137432636_9.
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Wilcox, Lauren. "Drones." In Visual Global Politics, 111–14. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Interventions: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315856506-15.
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Marsden, Paul. "Drones." In Digital Quality Management in Construction, 130–37. Title: Digital quality management in construction/Paul Marsden. Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa Business, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429423062-12.
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Westerband, Victoria. "Drones." In Ethical Ripples of Creativity and Innovation, 69–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137505545_8.
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Anderson, R. Bruce, and Alexander Sessums. "Drones." In Encyclopedia of Big Data, 412–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32010-6_76.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Drones"
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Kannan, Kausthub, Aditya N. Awati, Smruthi S. Rao, and Vindhya P. Malagi. "DROPEX: Disaster Rescue Operations and Probing using EXpert drones." In 2024 8th International Conference on Computational System and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions (CSITSS), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/csitss64042.2024.10816931.
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Dahlstrom, Robert (Bob), and Michael Hindmarsh. "Industrial Cleaning and Coating Drones a Look at What’s Coming in 2022." In Coatings+ 2021, 1–16. SSPC, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2021-00032.
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Abstract Cleaning, coating, and the nondestructive testing (NDT) of corrosion-susceptible surfaces requires extensive manual labor, often at heights that can create dangerous occupational environments. Drones, also known as uncrewed/unmanned aerial vehicles or systems (UAVs, UASs), can be leveraged to perform some of these tasks, including cleaning and coating, while keeping workers safely on the ground. Drone capabilities have significantly evolved over the past decade, and it is expected that the ubiquity of such systems will continue to increase in the years to come building. This paper focuses on Tethered Drones for Coating and Cleaning. Specifically, using Tethered Aerial Robotic Systems (drones) for Visible Surface Cleaning and Removal of Nonvisible Contamination and Architectural and Protective Coating Applications
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Lidumnieks, Toms, Armands Celms, and Ivars Bergmanis. "APPLICATION OF DRONE TECHNOLOGY FOR FLOOD RISK MONITORING AND MODELING." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 11–18. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s11.02.
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The increasing frequency and intensity of flood events necessitate innovative approaches for effective monitoring and modeling to mitigate risks. This article explores the application of drone technology in flood risk management, highlighting its advantages over traditional methods. Drones equipped with high-resolution cameras and advanced sensors can rapidly collect spatial data, enabling detailed topographic assessments and hydrological modeling. Their ability to access hard-to-reach areas allows for real-time monitoring of flood-prone regions and infrastructure, improving response times during emergency situations. Case studies illustrate the successful use of drones in flood risk assessment, mapping, and data validation, demonstrating their potential to enhance decision-making for urban planning and disaster preparedness. Drone applications in flood management encompass a range of functionalities that enhance monitoring, modeling and response strategies. Drones helps and use for Data collection and mapping; Real time monitoring; Risk assessment; Damage assessment - this rapid assessment supports emergency response efforts and aids in recovery planning; Enviromental monitoring; Drones could integrate with other technologies - Geographical information systems (GIS) and data analytics tools to enhance flood modeling and prediction capabilities. The integration of aerial imagery and remote sensing data into flood models underscores the transformative role of drone technology in building resilient communities against flooding. This article emphasizes the need for further research and collaboration across disciplines to optimize drone applications in flood risk management. The aim of the research is Examine modern drone technologies and their application in flood risk monitoring; The adoption of drone technology in flood management provides a cost - effective, efficient, and innovative approach that significantly enchances preparednes and resilience against flooding events. To fulfill the research aim, certain objectives must be completed: 1. Evaluate currently available drone sensors and their use in data collection for flood modeling; 2. Assess the processes involved in modern flood risk monitoring and modeling; 3. To analyse the area of Latvia that are currently most exposed to flood risk and to assess what are the key conditions that contribute to them; 4. Evaluate the integration of drone technologies and their data into a modern flood monitoring and modeling system.
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Akpınar, Adnan, and Ensar Gul. "Defensive Reflexes of Drones." In 2024 34th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA), 17–21. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccta64612.2024.10974903.
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Turlej, Tymoteusz, Krzysztof Kolodziejczyk, and Jedrzej Minda. "MONITORING SOLAR FARMS USING DRONES - UTILIZED TECHNIQUES AND BENEFITS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24, 149–56. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s17.19.
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The article describes commonly used imaging techniques for monitoring solar farms using drones, highlighting the advantages of each method and the benefits of precise flight path planning. Thermal imaging is discussed for its ability to detect temperature variations and identify potential issues like cell degradation and electrical failures without physical inspection. High-resolution imaging provides detailed visual inspections to identify physical damages, dirt accumulation, and shading issues, enhancing maintenance scheduling and operational efficiency. Multispectral imaging captures data across various wavelengths, aiding in performance assessment and identifying aging panels, thereby supporting better maintenance decisions. Intelligent flight path planning algorithms are also highlighted for their role in optimizing drone inspections, ensuring comprehensive data collection, and minimizing inspection time. The article also summarizes the overall benefits of using drones for solar farm monitoring, including cost-effectiveness by reducing labor and downtime, increased safety by eliminating the need for physical inspections in hazardous areas, and time efficiency due to rapid data collection. Additionally, drones provide comprehensive data collection, supporting informed decision-making and long-term planning, and contribute to environmental sustainability by optimizing the performance and efficiency of solar panels, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Through these advancements, drones play a crucial role in enhancing the management and sustainability of solar farms, driving the transition towards a greener future.
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Bharanitharan, K., Gagandeep Kaur, and Vinod Kumar Shukla. "Drones and Surveillance Challenges and Legal Regulation Against Drone Crimes in India." In 2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Metaverse and Cybersecurity (ICAMAC), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icamac62387.2024.10829009.
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Hoang, Samantha, and I. Y. Shen. "Effects of Deterministic Gust Modeling for Large, Multi-Rotor Drones." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113645.
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Abstract Multi-rotor drones are becoming increasingly popular as a method for accomplishing critical operations such as fighting fires, search and rescue, and agriculture. To accomplish these tasks, the drones need to fly over long distances and potentially carry heavy payloads. They also need to be capable of flying in harsh environments with sudden gust disturbances. When designing these drones, it is important to be able to accurately simulate their flight before building and testing the drone. This paper demonstrates that simulated flight trajectories of an 18-rotor drone, with an overall size of 3 m in diameter and 1 m tall, are very sensitive to various parameters of deterministic gust disturbances. A simple gust disturbance, where the magnitude of the wind, the wind direction, and the number of affected rotors were varied, was used to demonstrate this sensitivity. When the windspeed is varied for two wind directions, the amplitude of the oscillations in the trajectories grow with the increase in the wind amplitude. The amount of the variation was not consistent with the largest change of 2.0 m in trajectory corresponding to the smallest windspeed increase from 5 to 10 m/s at a constant angle of 45 degrees and inconsistent changes in the trajectory for selected windspeed variations. When the wind angle with vertical is varied at a constant windspeed of 20 m/s, the simulations demonstrated different responses depending on if the wind came from above or below the drone. The responses to wind coming from above the drone was larger than the responses to wind coming from below the drone by a factor of almost 100 when comparing the largest responses. Like when the windspeed was varied, there was no quantitative or qualitative predictability in the drone’s response. Finally, no similarities in response were observed when the number of affected rotors was varied. When half of the rotors are hit by the gust, the drone exhibits a 5 to 10 times larger horizontal response in both position and orientation than when all the rotors are hit by the gust. In contrast, the response in the vertical direction when only half of the rotors is hit by the gust is half the magnitude of the response when all of the drones are hit by the gust. These results demonstrate that the drone’s response to a gust disturbance is heavily dependent on the properties of the gust and are not predictable using deterministic simulations, thus demonstrating a need to use stochastic simulations to achieve accurate simulation results.
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Velazquez, Eric Marin, and Sudhanshu Kumar Semwal. "Using Autonomous Drones Interactions towards Mobile Personal Spaces for Indoor Environments." In WSCG'2021 - 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2021. Západočeská univerzita, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.2021.3002.14.
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We propose an extension of a recent work using convo-lutional neural networks and drones, such as Learning tofly by using DroNet [8] that can possibly safely drive adrone autonomously. The combination of (i) the DroNetarchitecture and weights to apply to CNNs to avoid thecrashes; (ii) combining it with DLIB tracker, a corre-lation implemented tracker based on Danelljan et al.’spaper [3] work; (iii) the extraction of descriptors usingSpeeded Up Robust Features [1]; and (iv) Fast Libraryfor Approximate Nearest Neighbors [10] for the featurematching – leads a drone to track any object and avoidcrashes autonomously without any prior informationabout the object. The main goal is to create a partnershipbetween the drone(s) and the participant as the dronefollows the participant and avoids collisions. Our workextends existing methods to also included a way for adrone to follow a person even if the person is hiddenfor a few frames. Our algorithms also work in low/poorambient light satisfactorily. In future, our technique canbe used to provide novel indoor applications for drones.
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Zhang, Steven, and Yu Sun. "An Intelligent Drone System to Automate the Avoidance of Collison using AI and Computer Vision Techniques." In 2nd International Conference on Machine Learning Techniques and NLP (MLNLP 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111404.
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People love to fly drones, but unfortunately many end up crashing or losing them. As the technology of flying drones improves, more people are getting involved. With the number of users increasing, people find that flying drones with sensors is safer because it can automatically avoid problems, but such drones are expensive. This paper describes an inexpensive UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) system that eliminates the need for sensors and uses only the camera to avoid collisions. This program helps avoid drone crashes and losses. We used the Tello Education drone as our testing drone, which is only outfitted with a camera. Using the camera feed and transmitting that data to the program, the program will then give commands to the drone to avoid collisions.
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Balachandran, Vivek, and Melissa Chua. "Neutralizing Hostile Drones with Surveillance Drones." In CODASPY '21: Eleventh ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3422337.3450318.
Full textReports on the topic "Drones"
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Harriss, Lydia, and Zara Mir. Misuse of civilian drones. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn610.
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Drones (also known as unmanned aircraft) are flying systems that do not carry a pilot. As the technology has become cheaper and more sophisticated, the use of drones for recreational and commercial purposes has grown, with the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) reporting a significant increase in the number of permissions obtained for operating commercial drones in the UK. Despite their potential to reduce costs, improve efficiency and provide new services, drones may be misused accidentally or for malicious purposes. For example, reports of drone sightings at Gatwick Airport in December 2018 grounded around 1,000 flights for almost 36 hours, affecting more than 140,000 passengers. In 2018, the Government introduced new limits on where drones can be flown and new registration and education requirements for drone operators and pilots. In January 2020, the new Government introduced an Air Traffic Management and Unmanned Aircraft Bill to Parliament that included new police powers for enforcing aviation laws (such as the power to issue a fixed penalty notice for certain drone offences). This POSTnote looks at civilian drones and their applications, focusing on potential misuse and possible responses.
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Dorsey, Jessica, and Nilza Amaral. Military drones in Europe. Royal Institute of International Affairs, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784134556.
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The use of armed drones, particularly to conduct targeted killings outside formal war zones, is highly contentious. In the contemporary context, where conflict has moved beyond the theatres of traditional warfare to take place in undefined battle zones, and is chiefly characterized by counterterrorism and counter-insurgency operations, drone use has brought to the fore critical questions on civilian casualties, the rule of law, secrecy and lack of accountability, among others. This paper has been developed as part of a project focusing on the policy implications for the UK and the EU of the use of armed drones. The analysis draws on discussions that took place at two research workshops and a simulation exercise held at Chatham House in 2019. The authors argue that the troubling questions raised by armed drone use should not just be a concern for countries that may use them in permissive ways. The EU and the UK, with a shared interest in upholding democratic values, need to work together on developing guidance on best practice for improving transparency and accountability around the use of armed drones.
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Veilleux-Lepage, Yannick, and Emil Archambault. A Comparative Study of Non-State Violent Drone use in the Middle East. ICCT, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19165/2022.3.01.
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This report examines the drone programs of five non-state groups operating in the Middle East: Hezbollah, Hamas, the Houthi Movement, Islamic State (IS), and the Kurdish Workers’ Party (PKK). In contrast to other violent non-state actors, these five groups have shown that they are willing to engage in tactical and/or technical innovation in the use of drones, have sustained a long-term engagement with drone technology and demonstrated the capacity to develop drone infrastructure. The development of drone programs by these five different groups is different in terms of timescales, methods, strategies, and tactics. Therefore, the report rejects the notion that all non-state groups’ drone programs follow a similar course of development. Instead, it argues that a terrorist group’s use of drones needs to be situated within the context of that group’s overarching strategic goals. Because of this, we argue that states and militaries that are going up against these groups need to first understand what a specific group hopes to accomplish with drones in order to fully comprehend the specific threat, and secondly understand the specific challenges presented by innovation within drone programs (as opposed to episodic drone use). This report outlines offers a framework for the study of drone innovation which is not limited to these groups, but which could also apply to other groups in the future. It does this by describing five different routes that non-state actors have taken to develop drone technology. This paper has made three important additions to the body of knowledge on this topic through systematic empirical data collection and analysis. First of all, the findings suggest that there is a need to refocus attention away from the most high-profile threat – that of drone-deployed WMDs – and toward the more common and empirically demonstrated methods that groups use when employing drones. We have found no evidence of a non-state group seriously attempting to deliver WMDs by drone. While there are indications that Islamic State (IS) pursued both WMD programs and drone programs in parallel, there is no evidence that they are sought to integrate the two. Security professionals, as such, should focus their attention on the empirically-demonstrated uses of drones by armed non-state groups, and on the plurality of means through which drones can enhance these groups’ activities. Second, scholarship and security planning must concentrate on the particular danger posed by drone programs (as opposed to the occasional use of drones) and the potential for innovation in drone use. When fighting drone programs, nations and armies need to retain a focus on innovation and adaptation, and they must understand how organizations grow tactically, strategically, and technically. Drone development is neither linear nor static. Finally, this report demonstrates that there is no single route of development for the use of drones by non-state entities, nor is there a pattern that these groups want to follow in order to expand their capabilities. Each organization uses drones in a manner that is unique to its own set of logistical, political, and strategic parameters; hence, drone programs need to be positioned within the larger context of the organization’s military means and operations. Therefore, militaries and states that are confronting drone programs need to maintain a holistic approach. While they may draw on existing practices that have had varying degrees of success in countering drone threats and engage in preventive action to mitigate the scope of drone programs, approaches should consider drone programs not only as a distinct, isolated threat, but also as part of broader military operations, strategies, and conflict processes.
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Ramirez Rufino, Smeldy, Manuel Rodriguez Porcel, and Orlando Perez Richiez. Drones in Construction: Unpacking the Value that Drone Technologies Bring to the Construction Sector Across Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004748.
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The use of drone technology in capital projects is an emerging area that holds promise for growth. Drones are becoming more widely available, and regulatory bodies are gradually allowing their use on a larger scale. With the development of software solutions that can effectively utilize data, drones are increasingly being used throughout the entire lifecycle of capital projects, including smaller infrastructure projects. The benefits of using drones in construction projects are numerous and include providing an unparalleled record of all activities, reducing planning and survey costs, increasing productivity, improving the accuracy of volumetric measurements, and mitigating disputes over the project's status. In the future, drone data will be integrated with CAD and BIM models and artificial intelligence (AI) to track construction progress and adherence to design automatically. While the construction industry has been slower in adopting new digital technologies than other sectors, leading global companies have widely adopted drones for capital project monitoring. In Latin America, drone adoption in the infrastructure sector is still limited, but early adopters have validated and are utilizing the technology. This report provides an examination of the current state of drone use in the Latin American region, including the benefits, barriers, early adopters, and what is required to promote its adoption.
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Bunn, Amoret, Katie Wagner, Deborah Fagan, Harish Reddy Gadey, Tracy Ikenberry, Kameron Markham, and Moses Obiri. Drones for Decommissioning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1923755.
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Kulhandjian, Hovannes. AI-Based Bridge and Road Inspection Framework Using Drones. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2226.
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There are over 590,000 bridges dispersed across the roadway network that stretches across the United States alone. Each bridge with a length of 20 feet or greater must be inspected at least once every 24 months, according to the Federal Highway Act (FHWA) of 1968. This research developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework for bridge and road inspection using drones with multiple sensors collecting capabilities. It is not sufficient to conduct inspections of bridges and roads using cameras alone, so the research team utilized an infrared (IR) camera along with a high-resolution optical camera. In many instances, the IR camera can provide more details to the interior structural damages of a bridge or a road surface than an optical camera, which is more suitable for inspecting damages on the surface of a bridge or a road. In addition, the drone inspection system is equipped with a minicomputer that runs Machine Learning algorithms. These algorithms enable autonomous drone navigation, image capture of the bridge or road structure, and analysis of the images. Whenever any damage is detected, the location coordinates are saved. Thus, the drone can self-operate and carry out the inspection process using advanced AI algorithms developed by the research team. The experimental results reveal the system can detect potholes with an average accuracy of 84.62% using the visible light camera and 95.12% using a thermal camera. This developed bridge and road inspection framework can save time, money, and lives by automating and having drones conduct major inspection operations in place of humans.
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Veilleux-Lepage, Yannick, and Emil Archambault. Étude comparative de l’usage des drones par des groupes armés non étatiques au Moyen-Orient. ICCT, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19165/2022.3.02.
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Le présent rapport examine les programmes de drones de cinq groupes non étatiques opérant au Moyen-Orient: le Hezbollah, le Hamas, le Mouvement Houthi, l’État islamique (EI) et le Parti des travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK). Contrairement à d’autres groupes armés non étatiques, ces cinq groupes ont démontré une habileté à innover dans leurs tactiques et/ou techniques d’utilisation des drones, ont soutenu un engagement à long terme dans le développement de technologies de drones, et ont prouvé leur capacité à développer des infrastructures de drones. Ces cinq groupes ont développé leurs programmes de drones différemment en termes de délais, de méthodes, de stratégies et de tactiques. Par conséquent, ce rapport rejette l’idée selon laquelle les programmes de drones de tous les groupes non étatiques suivent des parcours de développement identiques. Au contraire, nous soutenons que l’utilisation de drones par un groupe terroriste doit être replacée dans le contexte des objectifs stratégiques globaux de ce même groupe. De ce fait, nous soutenons que les États et les forces militaires qui s’opposent à ces groupes doivent d’abord comprendre ce qu’un groupe en particulier espère accomplir avec des drones afin de cerner pleinement la menace en question et, deuxièmement comprendre les défis spécifiques présentés par l’innovation dans les programmes de drones (par opposition à l’utilisation épisodique de drones). Ce rapport offre de plus un cadre pour l’étude de l’innovation en matière de drones qui n’est pas limité à ces groupes et qui peut également s’appliquer à d’autres groupes à l’avenir, décrivant cinq voies différentes que les groupes non étatiques ont empruntées pour développer la technologie des drones. Cet article apporte trois contributions importantes à l’état des connaissances sur ce sujet grâce à la collecte et à l’analyse systématiques de données empiriques.Tout d’abord, nous suggérons qu’il est nécessaire de recentrer l’attention sur les méthodes d’emploi de drones les plus courantes et empiriquement éprouvées plutôt que sur la menace la plus médiatisée, soit celle des armes de destruction massive (ADM) déployées par des drones. Nous n’avons trouvé aucune preuve qu’un groupe non étatique ait sérieusement tenté de lancer des armes de destruction massive (ADM) en utilisant des drones. Alors que certains éléments indiquent que l’État islamique (EI) ait mené des programmes d’armes de destruction massive (ADM) et de drones en parallèle, rien ne démontre qu’il ait cherché à intégrer les deux. Les experts en sécurité devraient donc concentrer leur attention sur les utilisations empiriquement avérées des drones par des groupes armés non étatiques, ainsi que sur la pluralité des moyens par lesquels les drones peuvent contribuer aux activités de ces groupes. Deuxièmement, les travaux de recherche et de planification de la sécurité doivent se concentrer sur le danger précis que représentent les programmes de drones (par opposition à l’utilisation occasionnelle de drones) et sur le potentiel d’innovation dans l’utilisation des drones. Dans leur lutte contre les programmes de drones, les nations et les forces armées doivent rester concentrées sur l’innovation et l’adaptation. Elles doivent comprendre comment les organisations se développent sur les plans tactique, stratégique et technique. Le développement des drones n’est ni linéaire ni statique. Enfin, ce rapport démontre qu’il n’existe pas de parcours de développement unique concernant l’utilisation des drones par des entités non étatiques, ni de modèle préétabli que ces groupes chercheraient à suivre afin de renforcer leurs capacités. Chaque organisation utilise les drones de façon unique en fonction de son propre ensemble de paramètres logistiques, politiques et stratégiques ; les programmes de drones doivent donc être replacés dans le contexte plus large des moyens et opérations militaires de l’organisation. Par conséquent, les forces armées et les États confrontés aux programmes de drones doivent adopter une approche holistique. S’ils peuvent tirer des enseignements des pratiques existantes ayant connu des degrés divers de réussite dans la lutte contre les menaces liées aux drones et s’engager dans des actions préventives afin d’atténuer la portée des programmes de drones, les approches doivent envisager les programmes de drones non seulement comme une menace distincte et isolée, mais aussi comme une composante d’opérations, de stratégies et de processus de conflit militaires plus larges.
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Gavin Edwards, Gavin Edwards. Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution Profiles using Drones. Experiment, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/5026.
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Truog, Susan, Emily Lawrence, Olivier Defawe, Smeldy Ramirez Rufino, and Orlando Perez Richiez. Medical Cargo Drones in Rural Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002573.
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Rasheed, Athaulla A. Is Maldives ready for its tactical drones? Edited by Lachlan Guselli. Monash University, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/c984-f5a0.
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