Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drop manhole

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  1. Journal articles

Academic literature on the topic 'Drop manhole'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Drop manhole"

1

Camino, G. Adriana, David Z. Zhu, Nallamuthu Rajaratnam, and Manas Shome. "Use of a stacked drop manhole for energy dissipation: a case study in Edmonton, Alberta." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 6 (June 2009): 1037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-036.

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This paper reports on a laboratory investigation into the performance of a novel stacked drop manhole design where two identical rectangular manholes are stacked one beside the other but at different heights so that there is a drop in elevation from one to the other. The focus of the study was to estimate the energy dissipation that occurs in such stacked manholes during diverse inflow conditions. Flow regimes inside the structure were identified and the effectiveness of the design was assessed under variable inflow conditions. Total energy dissipation in the stacked manhole was found to range from about 50% to 90%, and the contribution of each manhole chamber to the overall energy dissipation was assessed. A relationship between water depths in the manhole chambers and the corresponding outflow conditions was established. In addition, an analysis of the flow patterns and flow regimes highlighted the relevant parameters involved in the mechanisms of energy dissipation.
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2

Zhu, Chunyue, Feidong Zheng, Genhua Yan, and Xianrui Shi. "Evolution of Water Conveyance Capacity through Hydraulic Transition Processes in Circular Drop Manholes." Water 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162277.

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Circular drop manholes are widely implemented for steep catchments in urban drainage networks. Poor downstream hydraulic transition processes of a manhole system, i.e., the formation of hydraulic jump near the outlet entrance, and the sudden transition from free surface to pressurized flow with bursts of air in the outflow pipe can severely constraint the capacity of water conveyance. In this paper, we defined four basic hydraulic stages that indicate where hydraulic transition processes begin and end. The measurements of typical manhole models with different drop heights were conducted under different inflow and outflow conditions. Three types of transition processes covering all flow patterns have resulted into a graphical visualization by analyzing two pairs of dimensionless parameters. The flow inside a circular drop manhole was considered to reach its discharge capacity when the abrupt drop of manhole water level is visible in the fully aerated flow pattern. Four empirical equations revealing the water level filling ratio and discharge efficiency at different hydraulic stages were also presented for further predictions of choking risks.
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3

Arao, Shinji, Tetsuya Kusuda, Katsumi Moriyama, Shunsuke Hiratsuka, Jyunsaku Asada, and Nozomu Hirose. "Energy losses at three-way circular drop manholes under surcharged conditions." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.164.

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Energy loss at manholes is of importance in the design of storm sewer networks and in flood-analysis. Some researchers have already investigated the energy loss at three-way manholes under surcharged conditions. However, formulation to calculate the energy loss at manholes, including all variables of structural elements of the pipes and of the manhole has not yet been accomplished. Therefore, more study to formulate the energy loss at three-way drop manholes is needed. In this study, the ratio of the diameter between inflow pipes and an outflow pipe, the ratio of flow rates between those pipes, water depth in a manhole and the drop gaps between those pipes are considered and the energy loss at three-way circular drop manholes is examined. Finally, a modified formula, more accurate than that in the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's 2001 Urban Drainage Design Manual is proposed. The proposed formula takes the influence of the ratio of the diameter between inflow pipes and outflow pipe and drop gaps between those pipes into consideration. The calculated energy loss coefficients in both straight-through and lateral pipes successfully reproduce the measured values.
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4

Hasheminejad, Seyedreza, Mohammad-Javad Khanjani, and Gholam-Abbas Barani. "Effects of jet-breaker dimensional characteristics on drop manhole hydraulic performance." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46, no. 6 (June 2019): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0227.

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Drop manholes prevent excessive flow velocity and provide energy dissipation in steep urban sewer and drainage systems. Their poor hydraulic performance under Regime R2, in which the inlet jet collides with the manhole outlet, was improved by the jet-breaker. However, this device should still be properly sized to efficiently enhance manhole operation. In this paper, effects of jet-breaker length, width, sagitta, angle, and inlet pipe filling ratio on drop manhole performance, were investigated experimentally. Two-level factorial design and dimensional analysis were both utilized to design the experiments to study drop manhole energy dissipation and air demand as responses. Statistical analysis of the results revealed both significant design factors and regression models for each response. Neither jet-breaker length nor width had significant effects. However, the responses were improved by increasing both jet-breaker angle and inlet pipe filling ratio. Jet-breaker sagitta had a different effect on each response; a flat plate was more appropriate for energy dissipation while a curved plate decreased air demand. Simultaneous analysis of regression models determined the proper levels of significant design factors as 80% filling ratio of the inlet pipe, jet-breaker angle at 70°, and its sagitta equal to 0.
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5

Hasheminejad, Seyedreza, Mohammad-Javad Khanjani, and Gholam-Abbas Barani. "Utilizing modern experimental methodology to quantify jet-breaker dimension effects on drop manhole performance." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 1168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.377.

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Abstract Drop structures and especially drop manholes are extensively employed in supercritical routes of sewer and drainage systems. Drop manholes remarkably affect hydraulic features of their downstream system, while their operation is dominated by the flow regime inside them. Poor hydraulic performance of these structures under Regime R2 was improved with the jet-breaker, yet its proper dimensions were needed to be precisely determined. In this paper, effects of the jet-breaker length, width, sagitta, and angle on drop manhole energy dissipation and air demand (as responses), under the inlet pipe 80% filling ration, were experimentally studied. The modern statistical design of experiment (DoE) methodology and dimensional analysis were utilized to design the experiments in accordance with the 24-1IV fractional factorial design. Ten specific jet-breakers were examined and more than 135 tests were performed. The statistical analysis of the results revealed that both responses were significantly improved when the jet-breaker length and width were 2 and 1.4 times the inlet pipe diameter, respectively; its sagitta was equal to 0, and its angle was at 70°. The use of DoE resulted in 21% reduction in experimental runs, straightforward data analysis, and unbiased concluding.
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6

Hasheminejad, Seyedreza, Mohammad-Javad Khanjani, and Gholam-Abbas Barani. "Utilizing Modern Experimentation Method to Quantify Jet-Breaker Dimension Effects on Drop Manhole Pool Height." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 12 (December 24, 2018): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-03091214.

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Drop manholes are commonly employed in sewer and drainage systems to reduce pipes slope. The operation of these structures is dominated by their flow regime. Poor hydraulic performance of them under Regime R2 was improved with the jet-breaker, which intersects the inlet jet; yet its proper dimensions were needed to be precisely determined. In this paper, effects of jet-breaker length, width, sagitta, and angle on drop manhole pool free-surface height were experimentally studied under 80% filling ratio of the inlet pipe. The modern statistical Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology and dimensional analysis were utilized to design the experiments in accordance with the 24-1IV fractional factorial design. Consequently, nine specific jet-breakers were built and examined at two different angles, and under various flow rates. The statistical analysis of the results shown that manhole pool height was significantly decreased when jet-breaker length, width, and sagitta were 1, 1.4, and 0.7 times the inlet pipe diameter, respectively, and its angle was at 70°. The use of DoE resulted in 21% reduction in experimental runs, cost, and time, while it provided comprehensive data analysis and objective conclusion.
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7

De Martino, Flavio, Corrado Gisonni, and Willi H. Hager. "Drop in Combined Sewer Manhole for Supercritical Flow." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 128, no. 6 (December 2002): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2002)128:6(397).

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8

Corsi, Richard L., Christopher J. Quigley, Henryk Melcer, and John Bell. "Aromatic VOC emissions from a municipal sewer interceptor." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 7 (April 1, 1995): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0219.

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Municipal and industrial sewers have come under increased regulatory scrutiny as sources of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions to the ambient atmosphere. A well-ventilated municipal sewer interceptor that receives significant quantities of VOC-laden industrial wastewater was studied to quantify VOC emissions. Headspace outgassing rates across four manhole covers were as high as 2300 m3/h. Emissions were greatest for toluene, approaching 100 g/h from a single manhole cover at the mid-point of the 24-hour event. Significant diurnal and weekday/weekend trends were observed. Emissions from a single manhole cover rivaled or exceeded those summed over aerated grit chambers and aeration basins at four large municipal wastewater treatment facilities in Southern Ontario. The primary source of VOC stripping was observed to be a series of large drop structures, with aromatic VOC stripping efficiencies ranging from 25 to 38% across two drops. Finally, an existing model that predicts VOC emissions from sewers was observed to reasonably predict measured stripping efficiencies. An important conclusion of this study is that large fractions of VOCs may be removed from wastewater and emitted to the ambient atmosphere prior to entering a downstream treatment facility.
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9

ARAO, Shinji, and Tetsuya KUSUDA. "FORMULA ON ENERGY LOSSES AT TWO-WAY CIRCULAR DROP MANHOLE." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu G 62, no. 1 (2006): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejg.62.162.

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10

Carvalho, Rita F., and Jorge Leandro. "Hydraulic Characteristics of a Drop Square Manhole with a Downstream Control Gate." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 138, no. 6 (June 2012): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000437.

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