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Reid, Anthony. "The structural configuration and evolution of Lower lead lode and the 2 lens dropper, Broken Hill, NSW /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbr353.pdf.
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Le, Quang Tuan. "Magnetodynamics in Spin Valves and Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Perpendicular and Tilted Anisotropies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialfysik, MF, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191176.
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Spin-torque transfer (STT) effects have brought spintronics ever closer to practical electronic applications, such as MRAM and active broadband microwave spin-torque oscillator (STO), and have emerged as an increasingly attractive field of research in spin dynamics. Utilizing materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in such applications offers several great advantages such as low-current, low-field operation combined with high thermal stability. The exchange coupling that a PMA thin film exerts on an adjacent in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA) layer can tilt the IMA magnetization direction out of plane, thus creating a stack with an effective tilted magnetic anisotropy. The tilt angle can be engineered via both intrinsic material parameters, such as the PMA and the saturation magnetization, and extrinsic parameters, such as the layer thicknesses. STOs can be fabricated in one of a number of forms—as a nanocontact opening on a mesa from a deposited pseudospin-valve (PSV) structure, or as a nanopillar etching from magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ)—composed of highly reproducible PMA or predetermined tilted magnetic anisotropy layers. All-perpendicular CoFeB MTJ STOs showed high-frequency microwave generation with extremely high current tunability, all achieved at low applied biases. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) measurements and analysis revealed the bias dependence of spin-torque components, thus promise great potential for direct gate-voltage controlled STOs. In all-perpendicular PSV STOs, magnetic droplets were observed underneath the nanocontact area at a low drive current and low applied field. Furthermore, preliminary results for microwave auto-oscillation and droplet solitons were obtained from tilted-polarizer PSV STOs. These are promising and would be worth investigating in further studies of STT driven spin dynamics.Effekter av spinnvridmoment (STT) har fört spinntroniken allt närmare praktiska elektroniska tillämpningar, såsom MRAM och den spinntroniska mikrovågsoscillatorn (STO), och har blivit ett allt mer attraktivt forskningsområde inom spinndynamik. Användning av material med vinkelrät magnetisk anisotropi (PMA) i sådana tillämpningar erbjuder flera stora fördelar, såsom låg strömförbrukning och funktion vid låga fält i kombination med hög termisk stabilitet. Den utbyteskoppling (”exchange bias”) en PMA-tunnfilm utövar på ett intilliggande skikt med magnetisk anisotropi i planet (IMA) kan få IMA-magnetiseringsriktningen att vridas ut ur planet, vilket ger en materialstack med en effektivt sett lutande magnetisk anisotropi. Lutningsvinkeln kan manipuleras med både inre materialparametrar, såsom PMA och mättningsmagnetisering, och yttre parametrar, såsom skikttjocklekarna. STO:er kan tillverkas som flera olika typer - som en nanokontaktsöppning på en s.k. mesa av en deponerad pseudospinnventilstruktur (PSV) eller som en nanotråd etsad ur en magnetisk tunnlingsövergång (MTJ) –och bestå av mycket reproducerbar PMA eller av skikt med på förhand bestämt lutning av dess magnetiska anisotropi. MTJ-STO:er av CoFeB med helt vinkelrät anisotropi visar högfrekvent mikrovågsgenerering med extremt stort frekvensomfång hos strömstyrningen, detta vid låg biasering. Mätning och analys av spinnvridmoments-ferromagnetisk resonans (ST-FMR) avslöjade ett biasberoende hos spinnvridmomentskomponenter, vilket indikerar en stor potential för direkt gate-spänningsstyrda STO:er. I helt vinkelräta PSV-STO:er observerades magnetiska droppar under nanokontaktområdet vid låg drivström och lågt pålagt fält. Dessutom erhölls preliminära resultat av mikrovågssjälvsvängning och av s.k. ”droplet solitons” hos PSV-STO:er med lutande polarisator. Dessa är lovande och skulle vara värda att undersökas i ytterligare studier av STT-driven spinndynamik.
QC 20160829
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NORIN, DANIEL, and CLARA LYCKE. "Droppen." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20191.
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Sammanfattning på svenska: SammanfattningArbetets art: Examensarbete 15 högskolepoängTitel:Droppen – Produktutveckling av arbetskläder.Nyckelord:produktutveckling, arbetsklädsel, designprocessUtbildning:Textil produktutveckling med inriktning på affärs- och entreprenörskap Författare:Clara Lycke & Daniel NorinHandledare:Kristina GutfeltExaminator:Stig NilssonExamination:2010-05-24Syfte: Att lägga fram ett förslag för personalen på blodgivningscentralerna om en enhetlig klädsel som ska skilja deras klädsel från de vanliga sjukhuskläderna. Problemformulering: Är det möjligt att tillgodose såväl personalens som kundernas önskemål kring personalens kläder och samtidigt följa de kriterier som ställs på arbetskläderna?Metod: Uppsatsen bygger på de undersökningar vi kommer att göra på blodcentralerna. Vi kommer att analysera de svar som vi får och se vad som efterfrågas av personalen och ledningen. Kunden som lämnar blod kommer också att få svara på frågor. Kvalitativa metoder användes under arbetet. Kvalitativa metoder användes vid de intervjuer och studiebesök som genomfördes. Intervjuerna genomfördes i grupp på blodgivningscentralerna. Dessa analyserades sedan efteråt.Undersökningarna var uppdelade i två delar, dels frågeformulär som lämnades på blodcentralerna och dels intervjuer som gjordes med både personal och kunder på blodcentralerna.Studiebesök gjordes även på Tvätteriet Alingsås för att se hur sorteringen går till av kläder.Designprocessen började med att titta på dagens klädsel, vad kan man förbättra och vad kan man ta bort. En kravspecifikation gjordes av de svar som kom fram vid undersökningarna. Det finns olika direktiv för klädsel inom vården som man är tvunget att följa. Kritik gavs på de första utkasten av Ulrika Ljung. Efter detta började således den slutgiltiga designprocessen. Teori: En jämförelse mellan valet av olika material. Polyester, Bomull och Bomull/Polyster gjordes. Mönsterkonstruktionen och passformen finns det ingen direkt tidigare forskning på så bygger uppsatsen mycket på hur dagens klädsel ser ut. Även följa den anbudsspecifikation för Västra Götalandsregionen som finns.Designens påverkan på personalen och kunderna är viktig. Det finns forskning som visar på att en uttalad dresscode kan öka identiteten hos ett företag och öka sammanhållningen. Även respekten hos kunder kan öka. Analys: Den dåliga passformen kommer att försöka ändras med hjälp av andra snitt än vad dagens klädsel har. Nya snitt och andra färger kommer förmodligen att öka moderniteten hos plaggen då detta var något som efterfrågades. De krav som finns för kläder inom vården har följts. Det finns inga krav för kjol då kjol inte finns i dagens kollektion. Här har kraven för klänningen tagits tillvara och applicerats på kjolen.Slutdiskussion: Det som är en viktig del i det här projektet är att få en sammanhängande klädsel för personalen. För att få bort sjukhuskänslan som finns på de olika blodcentralerna krävs att de kläder som används idag tas bort. Men det viktiga är att bevara den auktoritet och trygghet som finns i dagens klädsel. Sjukhuskänslan finns idag såklart för att det är samma kläder som man använder på sjukhusen och på blodcentralerna. Detta kommer förhoppningsvis försvinna då de nya kläderna kommer att särskilja sig från nuvarande klädsel. Valet av material blev ren bomull pga. Känslan i materialet. Ett skönt material efterfrågades av personalen och då valdes bomull just pga. det. Under projektets gång har även nya frågor dykt upp. En sådan var om landstingets tvätteri klarar av att sortera ut en liten kollektion med specifika kläder. Vår undersökning visar att så är fallet. Däremot kan kostnaden bli högre vid en liten kollektion.Sammanfattning på engelska:
AbstractNature of work: Exam 15 creditsTitle: Droppen – Product development of workwear.Keywords: product development, working clothes, design processEducation: Textile product development with a focus on business and entrepreneurshipAuthor: Clara Lycke & Daniel NorinAdvisor: Kristina GutfeltExaminer: Stig NilssonExamination: 2010-05-24Objective: To present a proposal for staff at blood donation centers on a single outfit that will differentiate their clothing from the usual hospital clothes.Problem: Is it possible to meet both staff and customers requirements on staff clothing and comply with the criteria set for work clothes?Method: The essay is based on the surveys we will make at the blood donation centers. We will analyze the responses we get and see what is asked of staff and management. The client who gives blood will also have to answer questions. Qualitative methods were used during the work. Qualitative methods were used during interviews and visits carried out. The interviews were conducted in groups at the blood donation centers. These were analyzed afterwards. The examinations were divided into two parts, the questionnaire was submitted to blood donation centers and both were interviewed, both staff and customers at the blood donation centers. A visit to the laundry of Alingsås was made to see how they sorted the work wear. The designprocess began with watching today's workwear, what you can improve and what can be removed. A requirement specification was made of the response revealed by investigations. There are various directives to trim health care as it is forced to follow. Criticism was the first drafts of Ulrika Ljungberg. After this the final design process began.Theory: A comparison between the choice of materials. Polyester, Cotton and Cotton / polyester was made. There is no previous research of pattern design and fitting, this paper is based on how much today's workwear looks like. Also to follow the tender specification for the Västra Götaland was very important. The design of the work wear impacts on staff and customers is important. There is research that indicates that an explicit dress code may increase the identity of a firm and cohesive. Although the respect of customers may increase.Analysis: We will try to change the bad fit using a different cut than today's clothing has. New cuts and color is likely to increase the modernity of clothes as this was something that was requested. The requirements for clothes in health care have been followed. There are no requirements for skirt because skirts don’t excist in today's collection. Here was the requirements for the dress to be taken and applied to the skirt.Final Discussion: An important part of this project is to obtain a coherent clothing for the staff. To remove the feeling of hospital work wear in the different blood establishments that they are required to wear today, is removed. But the important thing is to preserve the authority and security of today's clothing. The feeling of hospitals is of course because it's the same clothes that they use in hospitals and at blood donation centers. This will hopefully disappear when the new clothes will distinguish itself from existing clothing. The choice of materials was pure cotton because of the feeling in the material. A nice material was requested by the staff and we decided to go with cotton. During the project, new issues have arisen. Such was the County Council's laundry manage to sort out a small collection of specific garments. Our study shows that it is. However, the cost will be higher with a small collection.
Program: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning
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Grunditz, Anna, and Anna Elfström. "En studie över insättning av dropp i ambulans : droppets nödvändighet och förslag på förbättringar." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-53198.
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Bhatnagar, Deepti S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Dropped object detection in crowded scenes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53204.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85).
In the last decade, the topic of automated surveillance has become very important in the computer vision community. Especially important is the protection of critical transportation places and infrastructure like airport and railway stations. As a step in that direction, we consider the problem of detecting abandoned objects in a crowded scene. Assuming that the scene is being captured through a mid-field static camera, our approach consists of segmenting the foreground from the background and then using a change analyzer to detect any objects which meet certain criteria. In this thesis, we describe a background model and a method of bootstrapping that model in the presence of foreign objects in the foreground. We then use a Markov Random Field formulation to segment the foreground in image frames sampled periodically from the video camera. We use a change analyzer to detect foreground blobs that remain static through the scene and based on certain rules decide if the blob could be a potentially abandoned object.
by Deepti Bhatnagar.
S.M.
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Xiang, Gong. "Motion Dynamics of Dropped Cylindrical Objects." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2340.
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Dropped objects are among the top ten causes of fatalities and serious injuries in the oil and gas industry. Objects may be dropped during lifting or any other offshore operation. Concerns of health, safety, and the environment (HSE) as well as possible damages to structures require the prediction of where and how a dropped object moves underwater. This study of dropped objects is subdivided into three parts. In the first part, the experimental and simulated results published by Aanesland (1987) have been successfully reproduced and validated based on a two-dimensional (2D) theory for a dropped drilling pipe model. A new three-dimensional (3D) theory is proposed to consider the effect of axial rotation on dropped cylindrical objects. The 3D method is based on a modified slender body theory for maneuvering. A numerical tool called Dropped Objects Simulator (DROBS) has been developed based on this 3D theory. Firstly, simulated results of a dropped drilling pipe model using a 2D theory by Aanesland (1987) are compared with results from 3D theory when rolling frequency is zero. Good agreement is found. Further, factors that affect the trajectory, such as drop angle, normal drag coefficient, binormal drag coefficient, and rolling frequency are systematically investigated. It is found that drop angle, normal drag coefficient, and rolling frequency are the three most critical factors determining the trajectories. In the second part, a more general three-dimensional (3D) theory is proposed to physically simulate the dynamic motion of a dropped cylindrical object underwater with different longitudinal center of gravity (LCG). DROBS has been further developed based on this 3D theory. It is initially applied to a dropped cylinder with LCG = 0 (cylinder #1) falling from the surface of calm water. The calculated trajectories match very well with both the experimental and numerical results published in Aanesland (1987). Then DROBS is further utilized to simulate two dropped cylinders with positive LCG (cylinder #2) and negative LCG (cylinder #3) in Chu et al. (2005), respectively. The simulated results from DROBS show a better agreement with the measured data than the numerical results given in Chu et al. (2005). This comparison again validates and indicates the effectiveness of the DROBS program. Finally, it’s applied to investigate
the effects of varying LCG on the trajectory and landing points. Therefore, the newly developed DROBS program could be used to simulate the distribution of landing points of dropped cylindrical objects, as is very valuable in the risk-free zone prediction in offshore engineering. The third part investigates the dynamic motion of a dropped cylindrical object under current. A numerical procedure is developed and integrated into Dropped Objects Simulator (DROBS). DROBS is utilized to simulate the trajectories of a cylinder when dropped into currents from different directions (incoming angle at 0o; 90o; 180o; and 270o) and with different amplitudes (0m/s to 1.0m/s). It is found that trajectories and landing points of dropped cylinders are greatly influenced by currents. Cylinders falling into water are modeled as a stochastic process. Therefore, the related parameters, including the orientation angle, translational velocity and rotational velocity of the cylindrical object after fully entering the water, is assumed to follow normal distributions. DROBS is further used to derive the landing point distribution of a cylinder. The results are compared to Awotahegn (2015) based on Monte Carlo simulations. Then the Monte Carlo simulations are used for predicting the landing point distribution of dropped cylinders with drop angles from 0o to 90o under the influence of currents. The plots of overall landing point distribution and impact energy distribution on the sea bed provide a simple way to indicate the risk-free zones for offshore operation.
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Hammarskiöld, Ellen. "Flippfloppsandalen – inte en droppe i havet." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130960.
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Flippfloppsandaler förknippas med sol och ledighet i Sverige. Men i många andra länder är det en sko som används dagligen, året om. Det sägs vara världens mest sålda sko. Den är billig och åker lätt på foten men den åker lika snabbt av. Vid kraftigt regn riskerar avställda floppfloppsandaler att flyta iväg från sina ägare. De åker längs vattendrag och inte sällan ut i havet tillsammans med en massa annat skräp. För personen som blev av med sandalerna kanske det inte gör så mycket, det går ju att köpa ett par nya i närmsta kiosk. Men faktum är att de är en del av ett stort problem. Plaster i haven bryts inte ner biologiskt utan blir mindre och mindre bitar av solen. Plastbitarna äts av fiskar och fåglar som tar skada. Plast drar också till sig gifter som PCB och DDT. När människor äter fisk som fått i sig plast vandrar gifterna uppåt i näringskedjan. Efter att länge färdats på havet kanske flippfloppsandalen spolas upp på land. Och kanske hittas den då av företaget och organisationen Ocean Sole i Kenya. De plockar tappade flippfloppsandaler i slumområden och längs Kenyas kust. Vissa sandaler har flutit dit ända från Asien. Flippfloppsandalerna sorteras, tvättas, limmas ihop, skärs till och slipas av hantverkare i Nairobi därefter. De blir till allt från skulpturer till smycken som säljs världen över. Ocean Sole återvinner ett ton flippfloppsandaler i veckan och det ser inte ut som att de någonsin kommer få slut på material. Flippfloppsandalen är i sig en symbol för slit- och slängsamhället men bär också ett meddelande från havet om att havet håller på att bli världens soptipp. Radioreportaget belyser därmed ett stort problem genom en enskild produkts livscykel.
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Drab, Dominika. "Synen på diagnostiska droppar bland Sveriges optiker." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12277.
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Behörighetsutredning tillsattes år 2009 för att ta reda på huruvida legitimerade svenska op-tiker med kontaktlinsbehörighet bör få använda diagnostika eller ej. Ett godkännande skulle innebära utökade arbetsuppgifter och större ansvar. Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på hur svenska optiker ställer sig till en eventuell lagändring där diagnostika godkänns som hjälpmedel i det kliniska arbetet. Även viljan att vidareutbildas för att få behörigheten utreds. Enkäter i pappersform skickades ut till optiker i Sveriges alla 21 län. Det som tillfrågades var bland annat inställning till diagnostiska droppar som hjälpmedel, inställning till vidare-utbildning, kön, ålder, kedjetillhörighet, antal år i branschen samt antal år som kontaktlins-behörig. 53 personer deltog i undersökningen, varav 30 kvinnor och 23 män. 64 % av alla frågade ställer sig positivt till förslaget. Män visar sig vara mer positiva än kvinnor. Vad gäller vil-jan att vidareutbildas valde de allra flesta alternativet "inte nu" då frågan ställdes. De allra flesta legitimerade optiker med kontaktlinsbehörighet är positivt inställda till an-vändande av diagnostiska droppar. I framtiden bör man utreda hur inställningen är då dia-gnostiska droppar får användas.
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Dávila, Carlos G. "Delamination initiation in postbuckled dropped-ply laminates /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134842/.
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Dávila, Carlos G. "Delamination initiation in postbuckled dropped-ply laminates." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38915.
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Lupo, Giandomenico. "Detailed simulations of droplet evaporation." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217614.
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Droplet evaporation (and condensation) is one of the most common instancesof multiphase flow with phase change, encountered in nature as well as intechnical and industrial applications. Examples include falling rain drops, fogsand mists, aerosol applications like electronic cigarettes and inhalation drugdelivery, engineering applications like spray combustion, spray wet scrubbing orgas absorption, spray drying, flame spray pyrolysis.Multiphase flow with phase change is a challenging topic due to the inter-twined physical phenomena that govern its dynamics. Numerical simulation isan outstanding tool that enables us to gain insight in the details of the physics,often in cases when experimental studies would be too expensive, impracticalor limited.In the present work we focus on simulation of the evaporation of smalldroplets. We perform simulation of evaporation of a pure and two−componentdroplet, that includes detailed thermodynamics and variable physical andtransport properties. Some of the conclusions drawn include the importance ofenthalpy transport by species diffusion in the thermal budget of the system, andthe identification and characterization of evaporating regimes for an azeotropicdroplet.In the second part we develop a method based on the immersed boundaryconcept for interface resolved numerical simulation of laminar and turbulentflows with a large number of spherical droplets that undergo evaporation orcondensation.Droppförångning (och kondensation) är en av de vanligaste fallen av flerfasflöde med fasförändring, både i naturen och i tekniska och industriella tillämpningar. Exempel är fallande regndroppar, dimma, aerosol-tillämpningar som elektroniskacigaretter och läkemedelsleverans via inandning, tekniska tillämpningar som sprayförbränning, våtskrubbning med sprayning, gasabsorption, spraytorkning samt flammsprayspyrolys. Flerfasflöde med fasförändring är ett utmanande ämne på grund av de sammanflätade fysikaliska fenomen som styr dess dynamik. Numerisk simulering är ett utmärkt verktyg som gör det möjligt för oss att få insikt i detaljerna i fysiken, ofta i fall då experimentella studier skulle vara för dyra, opraktiska eller begränsade. I det nuvarande arbetet fokuserar vi på simulering av förångning av små droppar. Vi utför simulering av förångning av en ren och två−komponentdroppe, som inkluderar detaljerad termodynamik samt varierande fysikaliska och transportegenskaper. Några av de slutsatser som dras inbegriper betydelsen av entalpitransport genom diffusion av olika ämnen i systemets termiska budget samt identifieringen och karakterisering av förångningsregimer för en azeotropiskdroppe. I den andra delen utvecklar vi en metod baserad på det nedsänkta rand konceptet för gränssnittskompletterad numerisk simulering av laminära och turbulenta flöden med ett stort antal sfäriska droppar som genomgår förångning eller kondensering.
QC 20171117
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Ciobanescu, Husanu Irina N. Choi Mun Young Ruff Gary A. "Droplet interactions during combustion of unsupported droplet clusters in microgravity : numerical study of droplet interactions at low reynolds number /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/729.
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You, David, and Jeong-Yeol Yoon. "Droplet centrifugation, droplet DNA extraction, and rapid droplet thermocycling for simpler and faster PCR assay using wire-guided manipulations." BioMed Central, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610171.
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A computer numerical control (CNC) apparatus was used to perform droplet centrifugation, droplet DNA extraction, and rapid droplet thermocycling on a single superhydrophobic surface and a multi-chambered PCB heater. Droplets were manipulated using "wire-guided" method (a pipette tip was used in this study). This methodology can be easily adapted to existing commercial robotic pipetting system, while demonstrated added capabilities such as vibrational mixing, high-speed centrifuging of droplets, simple DNA extraction utilizing the hydrophobicity difference between the tip and the superhydrophobic surface, and rapid thermocycling with a moving droplet, all with wire-guided droplet manipulations on a superhydrophobic surface and a multi-chambered PCB heater (i.e., not on a 96-well plate). Serial dilutions were demonstrated for diluting sample matrix. Centrifuging was demonstrated by rotating a 10 muL droplet at 2300 round per minute, concentrating E. coli by more than 3-fold within 3min. DNA extraction was demonstrated from E. coli sample utilizing the disposable pipette tip to cleverly attract the extracted DNA from the droplet residing on a superhydrophobic surface, which took less than 10min. Following extraction, the 1500bp sequence of Peptidase D from E. coli was amplified using rapid droplet thermocycling, which took 10min for 30cycles. The total assay time was 23min, including droplet centrifugation, droplet DNA extraction and rapid droplet thermocycling. Evaporation from of 10 muL droplets was not significant during these procedures, since the longest time exposure to air and the vibrations was less than 5min (during DNA extraction). The results of these sequentially executed processes were analyzed using gel electrophoresis. Thus, this work demonstrates the adaptability of the system to replace many common laboratory tasks on a single platform (through re-programmability), in rapid succession (using droplets), and with a high level of accuracy and automation.
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Abel, Godard Karl. "Characterization of droplet flight path and mass flux in droplet-based manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12047.
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Vukasinovic, Bojan. "Vibration-induced droplet atomization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17237.
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James, Ashley Jean. "Vibration induced droplet ejection." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17337.
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Pacitti, Antony Gerard. "Droplet motion in flames." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421855.
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Wilkins, Jonathan Hugh. "Droplet impingement onto surfaces." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298261.
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Gilani, Mohammad Nejad Hamzeei. "CFD of droplet entrainment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542939.
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Wollman, Andrew Paul. "Capillarity-Driven Droplet Ejection." PDXScholar, 2012. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/563.
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Drop Towers provide brief terrestrial access to microgravity environments. When used for capillary fluidics research, a drop tower allows for unique control over an experiment's initial conditions, which enables, enhances, or otherwise improves the study of capillary phenomena at significantly larger length scales than can normally be achieved on the ground. This thesis provides a historical context for the introduction of a new, highly accessible, 2.1s tower design used for capillary research and presents a variety of demonstrative experimental results for purely capillarity-driven flows leading to bubble ingestion, sinking flows, multiphase flows, and droplet ejections. The focus of this thesis is paid to capillarity-driven droplet ejection including historical significance, mathematical models, criteria for ejection and experimental validation. A scale analysis provides a single parameter Su+ which is used to predict the flow velocity at the base of the nozzle. By simplifying the flow in the nozzle we identify two criteria for auto-ejection, the nozzle must be `short' and the velocity of the flow must be sufficient to invert the liquid meniscus and overpower surface tension at the nozzle tip such that We⁺ > 12. Drop tower experiments are conducted and compared to analytical predictions using a regimemap. This thesis also includes results from experiments experiments conducted in a stationary ground-based laboratory and aboard the International Space Station which clearly demonstrate droplet ejection in regimes from transient liquid jets to large isolated drops. Droplets generated in a microgravity environment are 106 times larger than 1g₀ counter-parts.
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Steven, Adelina. "Risk Assessment of Dropped Cylindrical Objects in Offshore Operations." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2495.
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Dropped object are defined as any object that fall under its own weight from a previously static position or fell due to an applied force from equipment or a moving object. It is among the top ten causes of injuries and fatality in oil and gas industry. To solve this problem, several in-house tools and guidelines is developed over time to assess the risk of dropped objects on the sub-sea structures. This thesis focuses on compiling and comparing those methods in hope to improve the recommended practices available in the market. A simple modification is done on the in-house tools to better predict the landing point distribution of the dropped cylindrical objects on the seabed by imposing the random three-dimensional rotation around the water depth axis. This tool is then used to compare the result of annual hit frequency using the recommended practice and further compared with the available experimental data.
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Chen, Chen-An. "Droplet solidification and its effects on deposit microstructure in the uniform droplet spray process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10947.
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Fry, H. M. "A study of droplet deformation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1306708/.
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In both engineering and medical applications it is often useful to use the knowledge of the conditions under which adhering liquid droplets appear, deform and interact with surrounding fluids, in order to either remove or create them. Examples include the de-wetting of aircraft surfaces and the process of injecting glue into the bloodstream in the treatment of aneurysms. The particular types of models discussed here theoretically are based on droplets with a large density compared to that of the surrounding fluid. Using this ratio as a small parameter, the Navier-Stokes equations may be simplified, and in view of the nature of the interfacial bound- ary conditions the droplet may be considered as solid to leading order at any given time step for a certain time scale. In the first part of the thesis, we study an example of an initially semicircular droplet adhering to a wall for low-to-medium Reynolds numbers (along with simpler test problems). We numerically determine unsteady solutions in both the surrounding fluid and the droplet, coupling them together to obtain a model of the droplet deformation. Analysis within the droplet leads to the identification of two temporal stages, and the effect on large-time velocities is discussed. The second part of the thesis sees a similar approach applied to a surface mounted droplet completely contained within the boundary layer of an external fluid for high Reynolds numbers. The two-fluid interface for such a regime is analysed using a lubrication approximation within the viscous sublayer of a triple-deck structure. Finally, the lubrication is abandoned and we present a fully non-linear solution in air over any obstacle shape, as well as a two-way interacting model of droplet deformation, capable of simulating the free surface of the droplet as it becomes severely distorted.
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Roberts, Ian David. "Droplet evaporation from porous surfaces." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294978.
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Mujahid, Raqibul I. "Evaporation of liquid fuel droplet." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460767.
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Clavijo, Angeles Cristian Esteban. "Droplet Impingement on Superhydrophobic Surfaces." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6306.
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This dissertation explores the physics of droplet impingement on superhydrophobic surfaces. The research is divided in three categories. First, the effect of a slip boundary condition on droplet spreading/retracting is considered. A model is developed based on energy conservation to evaluate spreading rates on surfaces exhibiting isotropic and anisotropic slip. The results show that larger slip causes the droplet to spread out farther owing to reduced friction at the interface for both slip scenarios. Furthermore, effects of slip become magnified for large Weber numbers due to the larger solid-liquid contact area during the process. On surfaces with anisotropic slip, droplets adopt an elliptical shape following the azimuthal contour of the slip on the surface. It is common for liquid to penetrate into the cavities at the superhydrophobic interface following droplet impact. Once penetrated, the flow is said to be in the Wenzel state and many superhydrophobic advantages, such as self-cleaning and drag-reduction, become negated. Transition from the Wenzel to the Cassie state (liquid resides above the texture) is referred to as dewetting and is the focus of the second piece of this dissertation. Micro-pillar pitch, height and temperature play a role on dewetting dynamics. The results show that dewetting rates increase with increasing pillar height and increasing surface temperature. A scaling model is constructed to obtain an explanation for the experimental observations and suggests that increasing pillar height increasing the driving dewetting force, while increasing surface temperature decreases dissipation. The last piece of work of this dissertation entails droplet impingement on superheated surfaces (100°C - 400°C). We find that the Leidenfrost point (LFP) occurs at a lower temperature on a hydrophobic surface than a hydrophilic one, where the LFP refers to the lowest temperature at which secondary atomization ceases to occur. This behavior is attributed to the manner in which vapor bubbles grow at the solid-liquid interface. Also in this work, high-speed photographs reveal that secondary atomization can be significantly suppressed on a superhydrophobic surface owing to the micro-pillar forest which allows vapor to escape hence minimizing bubble formation within the droplet. However, a more in-depth study into different superhydrophobic texture patterns later reveals that atomization intensity can significantly increase for small pitch values given the obstruction to vapor flow presented by the increased frequency of the pillars.
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England, Pinar. "Droplet behaviour in microfluidic devices." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30138.
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This work is a study to understand the various aspects of a microfluidic device. In the first half we take the role of an end user, experimenting to learn how best to use the device efficiently. In the second half we are the manufacturer, trying to fabricate a user friendly, and fully functioning microfluidic device. As the end user, we have three different T-junction droplet generator devices, with similar geometries. We start investigating by generating water droplets in an oil medium. They self-organise into various flow patterns: single-profile, double-helix profile and triple-helix profile. We document how, with increasing flow rate ratio and capillary number, we observe more densely packed droplet flow patterns. The device with the deeper expansion channel provides more space for the droplets and they self-organise the triple-helix pattern in 3-dimension. We then use the same devices to generate droplets for which we can calculate the volume. The fluid flow in a microchannel happens in four different regimes: ballooning, squeezing, dripping and jetting regimes. In single-cell and single-molecule analysis devices, the ability to create droplets on demand and of a certain volume is a desired capability. This can be achieved by understanding and learning how to use the fluid flow characteristics accurately. We experiment with the three different sized microfluidic devices, to measure the droplet volume throughout the squeezing to dripping regimes. This is achieved by manipulating the capillary number and the flow rate ratio. We observe a similar result as with the flow patterns: that the capillary number has an impact on the droplet volume. As the capillary number increases the droplet diameter decreases. Further, for a set capillary number we can fine tune the droplet diameter by changing the flow rate ratio. As the flow rate ratio increases the volume of water droplets increases, despite the fact the capillary number is set. These coincide with our flow pattern results. Our results fit to the scaling law to predict the droplet size introduced by Tanet al. in 2008 [51]. Unlike some other authors in the literature, we did not observe a critical capillary number where the droplet volume changes suddenly. However, we did observe a transition area where we cannot define the regime of the fluid flow. As the manufacturer we designed and fabricated our own planar free standing microfluidic devices using a polymer called SU-8. After looking into the weaknesses and the strengths of using SU-8, we describe how we successfully fabricated working devices and developeda new procedure in adhesive low temperature bonding. We finish by considering the challenges of connecting micro sized structures to a macro sized syringe pump, and fabricated a chip-holder inspired by applications in industry.
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Zhang, Jing. "Microfluidic droplet-enabled supramolecular microcapsules." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607842.
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Moevius, Lisa. "Droplet dynamics on superhydrophobic surfaces." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52737169-86fa-41ef-abae-0883a67ecaad.
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Millions of years of evolution have led to a wealth of highly adapted functional surfaces in nature. Among the most fascinating are superhydrophobic surfaces which are highly water-repellent and shed drops very easily owing to their chemical hydrophobicity combined with micropatterning. Superhydrophobic materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their practical applications as ultra-low friction surfaces for ships and pipes, water harvesters, de-humidifiers and cooling systems. At small length scales, where surface tension dominates over gravity, these surfaces show a wealth of phenomena interesting to physicists, such as directional flow, rolling, and drop bouncing. This thesis focuses on two examples of dynamic drop interactions with micropatterned surfaces and studies them by means of a lattice Boltzmann simulation approach. Inspired by recent experiments, we investigate the phenomenon of the self-propelled bouncing of coalescing droplets. On highly hydrophobic patterned surfaces drop coalescence can lead to an out-of-plane jump of the composite drop. We discuss the importance of energy dissipation to the jumping process and identify an anisotropy of the jumping ability with respect to surface features. We show that Gibbs' pinning is the source of this anisotropy and explain how it leads to the inhibition of coalescence-induced jumping. The second example we study is the novel phenomenon of pancake bouncing. Conventionally, a drop falling onto a superhydrophobic surface spreads due to its inertia, retracts due to its surface tension, and bounces off the surface. Here we explain a different pathway to bouncing that has been observed in recent experiments: A drop may spread upon impact, but leave the surface whilst still in an elongated shape. This new behaviour, which occurs transiently for certain impact and surface parameters, is due to reversible liquid imbibition into the superhydrophobic substrate. We develop a theoretical model and test it on data from experiments and simulations. The theoretical model is used to explain pancake bouncing in detail.
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Farhan, Noor M. "Multiphase Droplet Interactions with a Single Fiber." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5937.
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Abstract
Multiphase Droplet Interactions with a Single Fiber
By: Noor M. Farhan
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Virginia Commonwealth University, 2019
Director: Hooman V. Tafreshi,
Professor, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Formulating the physics of droplet adhesion to a fiber is interesting intellectually and important industrially. A typical example of a droplet–fiber system in nature is the dew droplets on spider webs, where droplets first precipitate and grow on the fibers, but they eventually fall when they become too heavy. Obviously, quantifying the force of adhesion between a droplet and a fiber is crucial in designing fog harvesting devices or manufacturing filtration media for liquid–gas or liquid–liquid separation, among many other industrial applications. This study is aimed at developing a mathematical framework for the mechanical forces between a droplet and a fiber in terms of their physical and wetting properties. To this end, a series of experiments were conducted to detach ferrofluid droplets of varying volumes from fibers with different diameters and Young–Laplace contact angles (YLCAs) in a controlled magnetic field. The force of detachment was measured using a sensitive scale and used along with the results of numerical simulations to develop a semi-analytical expression for the force required to detach a droplet from a fiber. This universally-applicable expression allows one to predict the force detachment without the need to run an experiment or a computer simulation.
This work also reports on the use of magnetic force to measure the force of detachment for nonmagnetic droplets for the first time. This is accomplished by adding a small amount of a ferrofluid to the original nonmagnetic droplet to create a compound droplet with the ferrofluid nesting inside or cloaking the nonmagnetic droplet. The ferrofluid is then used to induce a body force to the resulting compound droplet and thereby detach it from the fiber. The recorded detachment force is used directly (the case of nesting ferrofluid) or after scaling (the case of cloaking ferrofluid) to obtain the force of detachment for the original nonmagnetic droplet. The accuracy of these measurements was examined through comparison with numerical simulations as well as available experimental data in the literature. In addition, a simple method is developed to directly measure the intrinsic contact angle of a fiber (i.e., Young–Laplace Contact angle of the fiber material) with any arbitrary liquid. It is shown that the intrinsic contact angle of a fiber can be obtained by simply measuring the angle between the tangent to the fiber surface and the tangent to the droplet at the contact line, if the droplet possesses a clamshell conformation and is viewed from the longitudinal direction. The novelty of the proposed method is that its predictions are not affected by the volume of the droplet used for the experiment, the wettability of the fiber, the surface tension of the liquid, or the magnitude of the body force acting on the droplet during the experiment.
Also, a liquid droplet interaction with granular coatings is simulated and the droplet apparent contact angle (ACA) and the transition from Cassie (fully dry) to Wenzel (fully wet) state as a function to the roughness wavelength have been studied. For a fixed droplet volume, two different granular coatings have been used, spherical and hemispherical bumps. It is demonstrated that the chemistry (YLCA) and geometrical parameters for the granular microtexture play an important effect on the droplet ACA and its transition from Cassie to Wenzel state.
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Nygren, Emma. "Droppar i havet : Mönsterdesignens relation till design för hållbar utveckling." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3879.
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Ett mönster är uppbyggt av ett motiv som upprepas. Denna upprepning kan fortsätta i all oändlighet. Hållbar antyder långsiktighet. Mönstrets övergripande egenskap är oändlighet. Hur kan denna egenskap hos mönstret nyttjas inom mönsterdesign för att främja hållbar utveckling? Det här kandidatarbetet undersöker mönsterdesignens möjlighet att verka för hållbar utveckling genom att se till begreppet mönster ur ett bredare perspektiv, samt i relation till design för hållbar utveckling. Insikter från den teoretiska delen av arbetet tillämpas i en gestaltande produktion vilket resulterar i ett mer omfattande sätt att se på mönsterdesign. Arbetets ryggrad är utgångspunkten att delar bildar en helhet – liksom droppar bygger ett hav - vilket kräver en vidgning av designprocessen och dess värden i en mer hållbar riktning. --- A pattern consists of a motif that is repeated. This repetition can be continued indefinitely. Sustainable suggest long-term. The overall capacity of patterns is infinite. How can this characteristic of the pattern be used within pattern design to promote sustainable development? This bachelor thesis examines the opportunity of pattern design to promote sustainable development by looking at the term pattern from a broader perspective, and in relation to design for a sustainable development. Insights from the research in the theoretical part of this thesis is applied in a formative production, resulting in a more comprehensive way of looking at pattern design. The backbone of the thesisis is the basis that parts form a whole – drops create a sea – which requires an extension in a more sustainable direction of the design process and its values.Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion.
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Yao, Juncheng. "Characterization and Prediction of Water Droplet Size in Oil-Water Flow." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1470741069.
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Krahmer, Natalie. "Analysis of Lipid Droplet Proteins and their Contribution to Phospholipid Homeostasis during Lipid Droplet Expansion." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-133305.
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Harshman, Dustin Karl. "Droplet Manipulation and Droplet Microfluidics for Rapid Amplification and Real-Time Detection of Nucleic Acids." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556818.
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Molecular diagnostics offer quick access to information for healthcare decision-making towards personalized therapeutics, but complicated procedures requiring extensive labor and infrastructure restrict their use. Droplet-based technologies can expand the accessibility of molecular diagnostics by miniaturizing devices, shortening sample-to-answer times, decreasing costs and increasing throughput. Methods for droplet manipulation are central to the automation of molecular diagnostics protocols. The innovative method, wire-guided droplet manipulation (WDM), is the actuation of liquid droplets in a hydrophobic milieu with a wire, or needle, guide. In this work, WDM is demonstrated for the automation of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on reprogrammable platforms for the diagnosis of cardiovascular infections. WDM is used to minimize thermal resistance by convective heat transfer for PCR amplification at a maximum speed of 8.67 s/cycle. The oil-water interfacial boundary is shown to passively partition molecular contaminants from sample matrices, including blood and heart valve tissue. Molecular self-assembly at the oil-water interface is used to increase PCR efficiency with blood in situ and is used as an innovative sensing modality for real-time monitoring of PCR amplification. Temperature feedback controlled droplet actuation is achieved by using a thermocouple loop as a functionalized wire-guide. Our novel methodology for real-time PCR, droplet-on-thermocouple silhouette real-time PCR (DOTS qPCR), utilizes interfacial effects to achieve droplet actuation, relief from PCR inhibitors and amplification sensing, for a sample-to-answer time as short as 3 min 30 s. DOTS qPCR addresses three major issues for rapid PCR—sample preparation, rapid thermocycling and sensitive real-time detection—on an inexpensive, disposable device with smartphone-based detection. In contrast, commercially available real-time PCR systems rely on fluorescence detection, have substantially higher threshold cycles, and require expensive optical components and extensive sample preparation. Due to the advantages of low threshold cycle detection we anticipate extending this technology towards trending biological research applications such as single cell, single nucleus, and single DNA molecule analyses, especially in droplet microfluidic platforms.
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Amin, Lekhraj Purushotham. "An investigation of droplet stability and droplet size distribution in a continuous oscillatory baffled tube." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/226.
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Towell, Samuel Thurston 1977. "Evaluation of an adaptive control algorithm for use in uniform droplet spray in droplet based manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26884.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 32).
This thesis presents the results of a simulation study comparing the current integral control system with an adaptive control system for potential use in a Uniform Droplet Spray Process. First, an adaptive control algorithm was derived. Then, this algorithm and the existing integral control algorithm were coded for use in MATLAB simulations. The simulations were performed against each other over various sampling periods and noise classes to compare the performance of both droplet diameter mean and standard deviation. Results showed that for the target diameter of 760 [mu]m, the adaptive controller could produce droplets with the mean diameter of 759.9 [mu]m and a standard deviation of 0.0066 [mu]m, while the integral controller produced droplets having the mean diameter and standard deviation of 759.7 [mu]m and 0.0084 [mu]m, respectively. Over the sampling periods experimented with, the adaptive controller could produce droplets with the mean diameter of 759.9 [mu]m and a standard deviation of 0.0061 [mu]m, while the integral controller produced droplets having the mean diameter and standard deviation of 759.9 [mu]m and 0.0074 [mu]m, respectively.
by Samuel Thurston Towell.
S.B.
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Musehane, Ndivhuwo M. "Direct numerical simulation of bubble-bubble and droplet-droplet interaction using a Surface Thin Film model." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22963.
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This dissertation deals with the simulation of dispersed multiphase flow. The particle-particle and particle-fluid interactions in this class of flows play an important role on the hydrodynamics and fluid transport phenomena that govern the overall flow behaviour. Accurate computational modelling of the particle-particle and particle- fluid interactions is thus required to correctly model the flow. The aim of this study is to use a Direct Numerical Simulation approach based on a smoothed Volume Of Fluid method to model particle-particle interactions in a dispersed multiphase flow at a fundamental level, and employing a surface thin film model, to drastically reduce the computational effort required. A multiscale modelling approach is followed with the smoothed Volume Of Fluid simulation on the particle scale and the surface thin film model simulation on the thin- film scale. The resulting governing equations are the Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible viscous multiphase Newtonian fluid undergoing laminar and isothermal three-dimensional flow, the interface advection equation and the reduced order surface thin film equation. The model equations are discretized using the Finite Volume Method and implemented into the open source software OpenFOAM®. The numerical solution is obtained by solving the resulting non-linear system of equations implicitly on a structured computational grid on parallel processors using a pressure correction algorithm to converge the pressure at each time step. The study is restricted to gas-liquid systems where particles could either be bubbles or droplets; rigid particles are not considered. The model is tested against experimental results from binary collision of hydrocarbon droplets. Good qualitative numerical results are obtained at a practical computational cost.
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Hessling, Oscar. "Influence of Oxygen Partial Pressure on the Droplet Shape of Stainless Steel Using Levitated Droplet Method." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199668.
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An induction setup for levitation studies of molten metals was built. The setup was used to levitate and heat stainless steel samples of 2.00 g to 1600 °C and subject them to different atmospheres. Changes in shape and temperature were recorded by video and infrared thermocouple. Oxide films forming on the droplets during levitation were observed. It was possible to notice an immediate surface reaction when the reaction gas was introduced. This reaction is concluded to influence the surface and bulk composition, and therefore have an effect on the shape evolution of the droplet. A more oxidizing atmosphere resulted in a more conical droplet shape; this is thought to be an effect of lowered surface tension and the conically shaped volumetric force caused by the magnetic field. Changes in temperature after the sample is molten are thought to be an effect of changes in emissivity, caused by surface oxidization. Post mortem analysis show a difference in surface morphology for samples subjected to different gases, as well as a difference in amount of oxidization.
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Ungh, Malin. "En droppe av musik : under 1920-talet i Svenska kyrkan." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-451.
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Denna uppsats analyserar de psalmer som användes i Svenska kyrkan under 1920-talet. Utgångspunkten tas i 1921 års psalmbokstillägg. Psalmtexterna analyseras utifrån den sammhälleliga kontexten. Framförallt 4 kategorier diskuteras: gemenskap, protest, mål och mening och till sist frihet.
Musik har haft betydelse för människor på många olika sätt och har det fortfarande. En viktig uppgift har kompositörerna till musiken och författarena till texterna. Vad musiken och texten sedan betyder är upp till var och en att bedöma, dock kan man alltid undersöka och analysera texternas betydelse och innehåll från olika angreppssätt och ett av dem är så som jag gått till väga och hoppas att det med tiden kommer att utvecklas.
En önskan är att fler människor intresserar sig för detta område och försöker se det ur olika vinklar och angriper det från olika håll. En annan önskan är att någon tar vid där detta arbete slutar och går vidare, fördjupar och utvecklar det jag påbörjat. Jag hoppas att man kan ägnar mer tid och forskning åt det här området, ty jag är övertygad om att det kommer att ha betydelse i framtiden på så sätt att det skulle kunna förklara Svenska kyrkans inflytande på människor genom musik och text.
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Spencer, Todd J. "Impact analysis of a dropped object using static finite element software /." Connect to online version, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3547.
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Maimaiti, Abdula. "Multi Exposure Droplet Imaging System – MEDIS." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-52745.
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A new fast flash photography fast imaging system is devised to develop for studying the evolution of micron sized droplets travelling from the ink jet nozzle to substrate at 5 - 20 m/s. using flash illumination of 10 short pulses from different angles consecutively, sharp images of evolving droplets are expected to be captured. The electrical and optical characterization of the laser driver and photodetector is presented along with corresponding measurements. Detailed schematics of the whole optical system design are presented.
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Ip, Leong-Teng. "Comprehensive Black Liquor Droplet Combustion Studies." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd677.pdf.
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Roberts, Warren B. "Black liquor droplet combustion and modeling /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1339.pdf.
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Rennie, Allan E. W. "Droplet deposition of liquid metal microdrops." Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366644.
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Seidel, Susanne. "Nanoliter-droplet thermophoresis for biomedical applications." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-173039.
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Specific interactions of biomolecules are central to cellular processes, drug discovery and immunodiagnostics. Such biological binding events are quantifiable via thermophoresis, the directed molecule movement driven by a temperature gradient. Biomolecule thermophoresis can be induced by infrared laser heating and analyzed using fluorescence. The objective of this thesis was to enhance and optimize these all-optical measurements, regarding instrumentation, assay design and biomedical applications.
In the first part, a novel measurement device and approach are presented, which cut down sample consumption 50-fold compared to established capillary thermophoresis. Instead of capillaries, analysis was performed in 10 nl-sample droplets transferred into standard 1536-well plates with a non-contact liquid handler (Labcyte). To prevent evaporation, the aqueous sample droplets were stabilized in an oil-surfactant mix. Temperature induced effects in this water-in-oil system were experimentally characterized and the results agreed with numerical simulation. The system’s applicability for biomolecular interaction analysis was confirmed with a DNA aptamer. The achieved miniaturization and the easy-to-handle multi-well plate format promote automated high-throughput screens. Besides aptamers, proteins should also be measurable very well when judging from the application depth of capillary measurements.
This versatility of protein investigation via capillary thermophoresis is demonstrated in the second part. Successful experiments were not only conducted in diverse liquids including crude cell lysate, but also for binding partners with a broad range of molecular weight ratios. Affinities between protein and protein, protein and peptide, as well as protein and small molecule were determined with high accuracy. Further flexibility arises from the herein presented label free approach which utilizes protein intrinsic UV fluorescence. It is caused by aromatic amino acids with tryptophan being the major intrinsic fluorophore. This approach exempts from the need to attach a dye, which saves time and excludes labeling artifacts.
The wide variety of proteins that can be analyzed with thermophoresis also includes anti-bodies.
Two applications of such thermophoretic immunoassays are introduced in the third part. Firstly, the therapeutically interesting antibody MCPR3-7 was assessed. MCPR3-7 binds proteinase 3 (PR3), the major autoimmune target in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Thermophoresis allowed to quantified MCPR3-7’s affinity and selectivity for different PR3 forms. In addition, it revealed that the antibody interferes with the complexation of PR3 and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1PI). Secondly, a diagnostic autocompetition assay is described, which directly determines affinity and concentration of disease related biomarkers. It was applied for autoantibodies against the cardiac β1-adrenoceptor found in patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy. To detect these autoantibodies, the small peptide COR1 mimicking the adrenoceptor’s dominant epitope served as an artificial antigen. This tracer was labeled with a red-fluorescent dye, which ensured selectivity for measurements directly in untreated human blood serum. The results prove that thermophoresis is a valuable tool to characterize antibodies including those of diagnostic value and those with a therapeutic potential.
Taken together, the presented innovations in assay design and the novel nl-droplet approach can be expected to considerably widen the application spectrum of thermophoresis in fundamental research, industrial drug discovery and clinical laboratory diagnostics.Spezifische Interaktionen von Biomolekülen sind von zentraler Bedeutung für zelluläre Prozesse, die Entwicklung neuer Medikamente und die Immundiagnostik. Solche biologischen Bindungsvorgänge lassen sich mittels Thermophorese, der gerichteten Molekülbewegung entlang eines Temperaturgradienten, quantifizieren. Die Thermophorese von Biomolekülen kann durch Infrarotlaser-Heizen induziert und mittels Fluoreszenz analysiert werden. Die Weiterentwicklung dieses optischen Verfahrens bezüglich des Messinstruments, des Versuchsdesigns und der biomedizinischen Anwendungen war das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation. Im ersten Teil wird eine neuartige Technik vorgestellt, die den Probenverbrauch verglichen mit etablierten Kapillarmessungen um den Faktor 50 verkleinert. Statt in Kapillaren wurde in 10 nl-großen Probentropfen gemessen, die mit einem kontaktfreien Liquid-Handler (Labcyte) in eine 1536-Well-Platte übertragen wurden. Zum Schutz vor Verdunstung wurden die Tropfen in eine Öl-Tensid-Schicht transferiert. Temperaturinduzierte Effekte in diesem Wasser-in-Öl-System wurden experimentell charakterisiert, wobei die Ergebnisse durch numerischen Simulationen bestätigt wurden. Dass sich die Methode für biomolekulare Interaktionstests eignet, wurde anhand eines DNA-Aptamers belegt. Die Miniaturisierung und die einfache Handhabung der Multi-Well-Platten ermöglichen automatisierte Hochdurchsatz-Screens. Neben Aptameren sollten sich auch Proteine sehr gut untersuchen lassen, wenn man von einer ähnlichen Anwendungsbreite wie bei Kapillarmessungen ausgeht. Auf derartige Proteinuntersuchungen mittels Kapillarthermophorese wird im zweiten Teil eingegangen. Analysen wurden nicht nur in diversen Puffern und sogar in rohem Zelllysat durchgeführt, sondern auch mit unterschiedlichsten Bindungspartnern. So wurden Affinitäten zwischen Protein und Protein, Protein und Peptid, sowie Protein und niedermolekularer Verbindung mit hoher Genauigkeit bestimmt. Thermophoresetests gewinnen durch das in dieser Arbeit präsentierte, markierungsfreie Verfahren zusätzlich an Flexibilität. Es basiert auf der intrinsischen UV-Fluoreszenz von Proteinen, die auf aromatische Aminosäuren, hauptsächlich Tryptophan, zurückzuführen ist. Somit müssen Proteine nicht mehr mit Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen markiert werden, was Zeit spart und Artefakte ausschließt. Der dritte Teil behandelt die Quantifizierung von Antikörpern. Thermophoretische Immunassays wurden für zwei biomedizinische Fragestellungen eingesetzt. Zunächst wurde der aus therapeutischer Sicht interessante Antikörper MCPR3-7 untersucht. Er ist gegen Proteinase 3 (PR3) gerichtet, das Hauptepitop autoimmuner Antikörper bei der granulomatösen Polyangiitis. Mithilfe der Thermophorese wurde sowohl die Affinität von MCPR3-7 für verschiedene PR3-Formen quantifiziert, als auch gezeigt, dass der Antikörper die Komplexierung von PR3 und alpha-1-Proteinaseinhibitor (alpha-1PI) stört. Ferner wird ein diagnostisches Autokompetitionsverfahren vorgestellt, das gleichzeitig die Affinität und die Konzentration von Biomarkern in humanem Blutserum quantifiziert. Autoantikörper gegen den kardialen β1-Adrenozeptor, die mit der dilatativen Kardiomyopathie assoziiert sind, wurden mithilfe des kurzen Peptides COR1 analysiert, das das dominante Epitop nachstellt. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Thermophorese ein wertvolles Werkzeug für die Antikörpercharakterisierung ist. Zusammengefasst lassen die vorgestellten Neuerungen eine umfangreiche Erweiterung des Anwendungssprektrums der Biomolekülthermophorese in der Grundlagenforschung, der industriellen Wirkstoffsuche und der klinischen Labordiagnostik erwarten.
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Torkkeli, Altti. "Droplet microfluidics on a planar surface /." Espoo : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2003. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2003/P504.pdf.
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Roberts, Warren Benjamin. "Black Liquor Droplet Combustion and Modeling." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/745.
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Black liquor is an intermediate product of pulp production. Recovery boilers process black liquor to recover the inorganic material for recycling in the mill and to generate electricity and steam for the paper mill. Black liquor droplet combustion rates and mechanisms dictate many aspects of recovery boiler performance. This investigation documents new experimental data on single droplet pyrolysis and combustion in a laboratory furnace that mimics many of the essential features of commercial boilers (temperature, composition, droplet size, etc.). These experiments monitored single droplets placed on a thermocouple wire and suspended from a mass balance. Simultaneous video images and pyrometry data provide mass loss and internal temperature data. These investigations provide an extensive data set from which to validate a model and insight into the mechanisms of combustion. Particles burning in air expelled ejecta from the particle during the entire combustion process, though ejection rates during the late stages of char combustion were observed to be higher than during other stages. In addition, char burning began almost the instant the particle entered the reactor; showing significant overlap in the combustion processes. A transient, 1-dimensional, single-droplet model describes droplet combustion. This model solves the momentum, energy, species continuity, and overall continuity equations using the control volume method. The model uses the power-law scheme for combined advection diffusion, and the fully-implicit scheme for the time step. It predicts internal velocities, gas and solid temperatures (assumed equal), pressure, and composition. Pressure and velocity equations use Darcy's Law for flow through a porous medium. Modeling results show the large effect of swelling on all particle properties. This model describes the flame region by extending the control volume into the gas phase.
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Brown, Philip Simon. "Water droplet impact on functional surfaces." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9446/.
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The impact and spreading of picolitre-sized water droplets on a substrate is of importance in many applications such as rapid cooling, delayed freezing, crop spraying, and inkjet printing. In this thesis, the effects of substrate chemistry, roughness, hardness, charge, and porosity on such droplet impact are studied. The effect of roughness was investigated through the use of superhydrophobic CF4 plasma fluorinated polybutadiene. Comparison of the maximum spreading ratio and droplet oscillation frequencies with literature models shows that both are found to be lower than theoretically predicted. Further study of the effect of multiple types of surface topography was carried out via the CF4 plasma texturing of honeycomb surfaces, leading to hierarchical surfaces with roughness on two length scales. This led to the discovery that surfaces with similar static contact angles can give rise to different droplet impact dynamics, governed by the underlying surface topography. The effect of the mechanical properties of the substrate upon picolitre droplets can be important in microfluidics. The oscillatory dynamics of picolitre droplets following impact were found to depend upon the thickness and elasticity of the substrate. Higher oscillation frequencies are measured for softer and thicker films, which are correlated to larger surface deformations around the contact line. Static buildup during inkjet printing is known to affect print quality. The role of surface charge on picolitre droplet impact onto polymer substrates is found to give rise to increased droplet impact velocities. Higher surface potentials can result in unexpected behaviour such as droplet bouncing or increased contact area diameters leading to a decrease in print resolution. Printing on porous materials is important as porosity can aid ink adhesion and durability. CF4 plasma fluorination of porous membranes can inhibit droplet spreading laterally over a surface, with little change in the imbibition behaviour in the material, leading to printing that is more highly defined. These hydrophobic membranes remain oleophilic and could also find use in oil–water separation. Similarly, a hydrophilic–oleophobic switching surface can be beneficial in a range of applications such as anti-fogging, self-cleaning, and oil– water separation. Polelectroyle–fluorosurfactant complexes were found to exhibit excellent switching, resulting in a surface that quickly becomes hydrophilic whilst remaining oleophobic.
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Lin, Gungun. "Multifunctional Droplet-based Micro-magnetofluidic Devices." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-208797.
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Confronted with the global demographic changes and the increasing pressure on modern healthcare system, there has been a surge of developing new technology platforms in the past decades. Droplet microfluidics is a prominent example of such technology platforms, which offers an efficient format for massively parallelized screening of a large number of samples and holds great promise to boost the throughput and reduce the costs of modern biomedical activities. Despite recent achievements, the realization of a compact and generic screening system which is suited for resource-limited settings and point-of-care applications remains elusive.
To address the above challenges, the dissertation focuses on the development of a compact multifunctional droplet micro-magnetofluidic system by exploring the advantages of magnetic in-flow detection principles. The methodologies behind a novel technique for biomedical applications, namely, magnetic in-flow cytometry have been put forth, which encompass magnetic indexing schemes, quantitative multiparametric analytics and magnetically-activated sorting. A magnetic indexing scheme is introduced and intrinsic to the magnetofluidic system. Two parameters characteristic of the magnetic signal when detecting magnetically functionalized objects, i.e. signal amplitude and peak width, providing information which is necessary to perform quantitative analysis in the spirit of optical cytometry has been proposed and realized. Magnetically-activated sorting is demonstrated to actively select individual droplets or to purify a population of droplets of interest. Together with the magnetic indexing scheme and multiparametric analytic technique, this functionality synergistically enables controlled synthesis, quality administration and screening of encoded magnetic microcarriers, which is crucial for the practical realization of magnetic suspension arrays technologies. Furthermore, to satisfy the needs of cost-efficient fabrication and high-volume delivery, an approach to fabricate magnetofluidic devices on flexible foils is demonstrated. The resultant device retains high performance of its rigid counterpart and exhibits excellent mechanical properties, which promises long-term stability in practical applications.
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Donini, Mariovane Sabino. "Numerical solution for the droplet combustion." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2017. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riu/1955.
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In the present work, vaporization and combustion of an isolated fuel droplet at diferente ambient temperatures are examined numerically in order to analyze the effect of buoyancy force on the flame. Generally, fuel droplets in combustion devices are so small that the influence of buoyancy force on vaporization and combustion of droplets is negligible. On the other hand, fuel droplets in experimental devices are affected by the buoyancy force due to their diameters being around or more than 1 mm. To reduce the buoyancy effects, expensive experimental studies are performed in microgravity ambient (drop-tower or out of space). In normal-gravity conditions, the buoyancy force is induced by temperature gradient on ambient atmosphere. The buoyancy is positive in regions of hot gases and negative in regions of cold gases compared with the ambient atmosphere gas. Hot gases move upward and cold gases downward. Playing with the positive buoyancy force of hot gases around the flame and with the negative (cold) buoyancy force of cold gases around the droplet via ambient atmosphere temperature, it is possible to modify the flame shape. In the numerical simulations, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations along with mixture fraction and excess enthalpy conservation equations are solved using a finite volume technique with a uniform structured grid. An artificial compressibility method was applied to reach steady state solutions. The numerical predictions have been compared with analytical results for a zero gravity condition, showing good agreement. For normal gravity condition the numerical results showed that when the ambient temperature increases, the velocity gradient and buoyancy source term decreases. Despite that, the flame increased in all directions. The results have also shown that increasing the ambient temperature, decreases the temperature gradient in the flame, which ends up affecting the flame position.
No presente trabalho, a vaporização e a combustão de uma gota de combustível isolada a diferentes temperaturas ambiente são examinadas numericamente para analisar o efeito da força de flutuação na chama. Geralmente, as gotículas de combustível em dispositivos de combustão são tão pequenas que a influência da força de flutuação na vaporização e na combustão de gotículas é insignificante. Por outro lado, as gotículas de combustível em dispositivos experimentais são afetadas pela força de flutuabilidade devido ao seu diâmetro em torno de ou mais de 1 mm. Para reduzir os efeitos de flutuabilidade, estudos experimentais caros são realizados em ambiente de microgravidade (drop-tower ou fora do espaço). Em condições de gravidade normal, a força de flutuação é induzida por gradiente de temperatura na atmosfera ambiente. A flutuabilidade é positiva em regiões de gases quentes e negativas em regiões de gases frios em comparação com o gás atmosférico ambiente. Os gases quentes movem-se para cima e os gases frios para baixo. Jogando com a força de flutuação positiva dos gases quentes ao redor da chama e com a força de flutuação negativa (fria) dos gases frios ao redor da gota através da temperatura da atmosfera ambiente, é possível modificar a forma da chama. Nas simulações numéricas, as equações de Navier-Stokes incompressíveis juntamente com a fração de mistura e as equações de conservação de entalpia em excesso são resolvidas usando uma técnica de volume finito com uma grade estruturada uniforme. Foi aplicado um método de compressibilidade artificial para alcançar soluções de estado estacionário. As previsões numéricas foram comparadas com resultados analíticos para uma condição de gravidade zero, mostrando boa concordância. Para a condição de gravidade normal, os resultados numéricos mostraram que, quando a temperatura ambiente aumenta, o gradiente de velocidade e o termo da fonte de flutuação diminuem. Apesar disso, a chama aumentou em todas as direções. Os resultados também mostraram que aumentar a temperatura ambiente, diminui o gradiente de temperatura na chama, o que acaba afetando a posição da chama.