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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drought hypothesis

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Academic literature on the topic 'Drought hypothesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Drought hypothesis"

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Vargas, Jesús, and Pilar Paneque. "Challenges for the Integration of Water Resource and Drought-Risk Management in Spain." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (2019): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020308.

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Droughts are risks characterized by their complexity, uncertainty, and a series of other features, which differentiate them from other natural disasters and affect the strategies designed to manage them. These characteristics highlight the close relationship between drought management and water resources management. The following hypothesis is raised in this study—unsatisfactory integration of a drought-risk and water resources management strategies, increases the vulnerability to drought. To corroborate this hypothesis, the Spanish case was analyzed, where droughts are a recurrent phenomenon,

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Leonard, Jenny, Adam G. West, Justin J. van Blerk, and Fernando Ojeda. "Does drought limit resprouter recruitment in Erica? A test using seeder and resprouter seedlings of Erica coccinea." Australian Journal of Botany 69, no. 8 (2021): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt21015.

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Context It has been proposed that the distribution of resprouter and seeder Erica in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa is determined by drought rather than by fire frequency. Seedlings of Erica seeders are predicted to withstand the mild droughts of the southwest CFR better than those of Erica resprouters, which would account for the abundance of seeders in this region. Aims This study aimed to test this hypothesis using Erica coccinea (L.), which contains both a resprouter and a seeder form. Methods One-year-old seedlings of both forms were subjected to a progressively severe 50

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Evans, Bethany A., and Victoria A. Borowicz. "The plant vigor hypothesis applies to a holoparasitic plant on a drought-stressed host." Botany 93, no. 10 (2015): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2015-0099.

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Parasitic plants extract resources from host vascular tissues but their responses to environmental fluctuation experienced by the host are poorly studied. Three frequently-cited hypotheses for effects of environmental stress on plant resistance to herbivores predict decreased, increased, or fluctuation in herbivore performance in response to drought stress. We tested which hypothesis best accounts for how drought stress applied to a perennial herb affects growth of the holoparasite, Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (common dodder), an obligate shoot parasite. Verbesina alternifol

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Stevenson, Samantha, Axel Timmermann, Yoshimitsu Chikamoto, Sally Langford, and Pedro DiNezio. "Stochastically Generated North American Megadroughts." Journal of Climate 28, no. 5 (2015): 1865–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00689.1.

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Abstract The importance of interannual-to-decadal sea surface temperature (SST) influences on drought in the United States is examined using a suite of simulations conducted with the T31×3 resolution version of the NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM1.0.3). The model captures tropical Pacific teleconnections to North American precipitation reasonably well, although orographic features are somewhat enhanced at higher resolution. The contribution of SST anomalies is isolated by comparing two idealized, 1000-yr CESM1.0.3 experiments: a fully coupled control and an atmosphere-only (CAM4) run f

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Kriger, Kerry M. "Lack of Evidence for the Drought-linked Chytridiomycosis Hypothesis." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 45, no. 2 (2009): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.2.537.

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Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, Renata, and Jacek Żarski. "Assessment of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought Occurrence in Central Poland in 1961–2020 as an Element of the Climatic Risk to Crop Production." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (2021): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090855.

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The results of numerous studies concerning meteorological drought show that there is a considerable impact of this phenomenon on several regions in Europe. On the other hand, statistical trends of dry spell occurrences in some areas of the continent are unclear or even negative. Therefore, further research should be directed towards a better understanding of this hazard, particularly the seasonal changes, in order to elaborate adequate strategies to prevent and mitigate its undesirable effects. The main goal of the work, conducted as part of the research strategy on contemporary climate change

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Chammakhi, Chaima, Alexandre Boscari, Marie Pacoud, Grégoire Aubert, Haythem Mhadhbi, and Renaud Brouquisse. "Nitric Oxide Metabolic Pathway in Drought-Stressed Nodules of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (2022): 13057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113057.

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Drought is an environmental stress that strongly impacts plants. It affects all stages of growth and induces profound disturbances that influence all cellular functions. Legumes can establish a symbiosis with Rhizobium-type bacteria, whose function is to fix atmospheric nitrogen in organs called nodules and to meet plant nitrogen needs. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is particularly sensitive to drought. We raised the hypothesis that, in drought-stressed nodules, SNF inhibition is partly correlated to hypoxia resulting from nodule structure compaction and an increased O2 diffusion barrier,

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Wilschut, Rutger A., and Mark van Kleunen. "Drought alters plant‐soil feedback effects on biomass allocation but not on plant performance." Plant and Soil 462, no. 1-2 (2021): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04861-9.

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Abstract Aims Drought events can alter the composition of plant and soil communities, and are becoming increasingly common and severe due to climate change. However, how droughts affect plant-soil feedbacks is still poorly understood. Plants accumulate species-specific rhizosphere communities, and droughts may have varying impacts across plant species and soil biota. We therefore tested the hypothesis that drought alters plant-soil feedbacks differently among closely related plant species that differ in their preferences for soil moisture. Methods In a two-phase greenhouse experiment, we first

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Hamzelou, Sara, Karthik Shantharam Kamath, Farhad Masoomi-Aladizgeh, Matthew M. Johnsen, Brian J. Atwell, and Paul A. Haynes. "Wild and Cultivated Species of Rice Have Distinctive Proteomic Responses to Drought." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (2020): 5980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21175980.

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Drought often compromises yield in non-irrigated crops such as rainfed rice, imperiling the communities that depend upon it as a primary food source. In this study, two cultivated species (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare and Oryza glaberrima cv. CG14) and an endemic, perennial Australian wild species (Oryza australiensis) were grown in soil at 40% field capacity for 7 d (drought). The hypothesis was that the natural tolerance of O. australiensis to erratic water supply would be reflected in a unique proteomic profile. Leaves from droughted plants and well-watered controls were harvested for label-

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Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, Renata, Jacek Żarski, and Stanisław Dudek. "Assessment of Irrigation Needs in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Temperate Climate of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region (Poland)." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (2019): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120814.

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The primary purpose of this work was to assess the need for irrigation in sugar beet cultivated in the temperate climate of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie region of Poland based on meteorological data from the period 1981–2010. The work was also aimed at determining the tendency of changes in the frequency and intensity of droughts during the period of high water needs for sugar beets (spanning July–August) and confirming the hypothesis that agricultural drought may be identified based on the indicator of meteorological drought—Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The occurrence of meteorological d

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drought hypothesis"

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Piccotto, Massimo. "Effetti degli NOx sulla fisiologia dei licheni foliosi epifiti." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3170.

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2007/2008<br>L’obiettivo della ricerca è stato individuare i possibili effetti degli NOx, inquinanti aerodiffusi foto-ossidanti, sui licheni foliosi epifiti. Il lavoro è stato svolto con un particolare riguardo nell’individuare le modificazioni indotte a carico del processo fotosintetico del fotobionte lichenico attraverso metodi fluorimetrici. Le ricerche condotte hanno approfondito inizialmente alcuni aspetti metodologici, individuando, ad esempio, le variabili ambientali che influenzano maggiormente la capacità e l’efficienza fotosintetica di questi organismi. Successivamente, è stata diseg

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Mason, Nicole Marie. "A test of the new variant famine hypothesis panel survey evidence from Zambia /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Otieno, Dennis O. "Coordinated tree responses to drought vulnerability and sustainable production ; hypotheses on arid ecosystem adjustments to limitations in water resources /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973199881.

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Isarangkool, Na Ayutthaya Supat. "Change of whole-tree transpiration of mature Hevea brasiliensis under soil and atmospheric droughts : analyze in intermittent and seasonal droughts under the framework of the hydraulic limitation hypothesis." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719009.

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Les variations de transpiration totale sous contraintes hydriques, à la fois atmosphérique et édaphique, sont étudiées pour des arbres matures d'Hevea brasiliensis (clone RRIM600) dans une zone limitée en eau du Nord-Est de la Thaïlande. Les variations sont analysées et comparées entre une sécheresse transitoire en saison des pluies et la sécheresse saisonnière caractérisée par des fluctuations de la surface foliaire (sénescence foliaire, chute des feuilles and re-feuillaison) et de la croissance racinaire en profondeur. Les réponses physiologiques sont analysées dans le cadre d'un modèle hydr

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Otieno, Dennis O. [Verfasser]. "Coordinated tree responses to drought : vulnerability and sustainable production ; hypotheses on arid ecosystem adjustments to limitations in water resources / Otieno Dennis O." 2004. http://d-nb.info/973199881/34.

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Books on the topic "Drought hypothesis"

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Stahle, David W., Dorian J. Burnette, Daniel Griffin, and Edward R. Cook. Thirteenth Century AD. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0009.

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The hypothesis that a prolonged drought across southwestern North America in the late thirteenth century contributed to the abandonment of the region by Ancestral Pueblo populations, ultimately including the depopulation of the Mesa Verde region, continues to be a focus of archaeological research in the Pueblo region. We address the hypothesis through the re-measurement of tree-ring specimens from living trees and archaeological wood at Mesa Verde, Colorado, to derive chronologies of earlywood, latewood, and total ring width. The three chronology types all date from AD 480 to 2008 and were use

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Book chapters on the topic "Drought hypothesis"

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Boersma, L., Yongsheng Feng, and Xiaomei Li. "Osmotic Adjustment in Plant Cells Exposed to Drought and Temperature Stress: Can a Cause and Effect Hypothesis be Formulated and Tested?" In Mechanics of Swelling. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84619-9_6.

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Malyse, Majoumo Christelle. "Rainfall Variability and Adaptation of Tomatoes Farmers in Santa: Northwest Region of Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_138.

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AbstractThe Santa agrarian basin being one of the main market gardening basins in Cameroon and one of the producers of tomatoes in the country is vulnerable to the impact of rainfall variability. The spatiotemporal variability of rainfall through the annual, monthly, and daily fluctuations has greatly affected the market gardening sector in general and tomatoes production in particular. Thus, given rise to the research topic “Rainfall variability and adaptation of tomatoes farmers in Santa North west region of Cameroon,” its principal objective is to contribute to better understanding of the recent changes occurring in tomatoes production and productivity in Santa. To attain this objective, a principal hypothesis was formulated that rainfall variability instead of unnatural conditions or human constraints justifies changes observed in tomatoes production in Santa and resulting adaptation strategies developed by peasants and stakeholders.Our study came out with several findings, among which includes rainfall events in Santa fluctuate in time and in space with reduction in the number of rainy day and increase in the intensity of rainfall events causing soil erosion, infertility, and frequent crop diseases, insects, and pests. Extreme events such as drought and flooding have equally become frequent in the area especially during the different cycles of tomatoes production disrupting the agricultural calendar and causing crop failure and decrease in yields with Pearson’s correlation of 0.017. This positive value shows that there is a relationship between annual rainfall and tomatoes output in Santa. Tomatoes farmers in Santa are struggling to adapt locally to this situations, but their efforts are still limited especially due to their low level of education and poverty. Finally, it was seen that the output of tomatoes over the years in Santa has a strong correlation with rainfall. Based on the findings of this study, the government is called upon to assist farmers in their adaptation options.

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"Situating Urban Drought Resilience." In Sustainability, edited by Lawrence Baker. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479894567.003.0006.

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Cities around the world are experiencing greater water stress as the result of growing urban populations, increasing per capita wealth (and water use), and climate change. This chapter examines the concept urban drought resilience. The central hypothesis of this chapter is that the resilience of cites to future droughts can be understood based on socio-ecological characteristics, including biophysical, economic, and social factors. I hypothesize that resilience to urban drought can be predicted by the antecedent hydrologic condition, the polycentric aspects of governance, and the capacity of governance, both to provide feedback for adaptation and to respond. I propose a research agenda to understand urban drought resilience and to create tools that cities can use to increase this resilience. Among these are actionable metrics of urban drought resilience, analogous to widely used economic metrics used by governments to manage economic conditions, including metrics of equity as well as system-level metrics of hydrologic condition.

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"Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques." In Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques, edited by Gary D. Grossma, Robert E. Ratajczak, Mark D. Farr, C. Michael Wagner, and J. Todd Petty. American Fisheries Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874141.ch4.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Studies demonstrating the mechanisms regulating biodiversity are uncommon. Streams and rivers worldwide display a longitudinal gradient in fish biodiversity, and most prior research has used correlative evidence to infer that higher downstream diversity is produced by factors facilitating greater niche separation. We combine 20 years of fish abundance samples from a representative southern Appalachian stream with critical swimming velocity experiments to provide direct evidence that a shifting hydrodynamic barrier affects this gradient in Coweeta Creek. We observed increased diversity in multiple sites, produced by species immigrating upstream during periodic droughts (1985–1988, 1999–2002) and a highly significant positive relationship (<em>r<sup></em>2</sup> = 0.77) between drought (Palmer index) and Shannon-Weiner diversity. Resident fish generally had smaller standard lengths during drought periods. Critical velocity measurements showed that residents could tolerate faster water velocities than drought immigrants and that upstream velocities in nondrought years were faster than those in some downstream sites. These data support the hypothesis that local fish diversity in this system is limited by the ability of drought immigrants to pass an upstream hydrodynamic barrier. Alternative hypotheses such as temperature differences between sites, increased capture efficiency during droughts, and increased productivity during droughts were not supported by the data. The relationship between drought and diversity in this system is counterintuitive because drought should reduce resource availability and produce lower rather than higher diversity. These results highlight the important relationship between natural flow variation and maintenance of local diversity and demonstrate the need for long-term ecological data.

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L. Nelson, Suzanne, Nicola Justice, Kaitlynn M. Apple, Aidan H. Liddiard, Madeleine R. Elias, and Jon D. Reuter. "Changes to Health Parameters of White-Tailed Deer during a Drought in the US Virgin Islands." In Tropical Forests - Ecology, Diversity and Conservation Status [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108270.

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Resident white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on St. John, US Virgin Islands offer a unique case study for understanding a population under pressure from climate change. During a 2015–2016 regional drought, deer health parameters including body condition, coat condition, tick prevalence, musculature, and stress hormones were tracked over three field seasons representing the onset, peak, and recovery phases of the drought. All health indicators showed significant change over the course of the drought, and post-hoc tests suggest some indicators (body condition, musculature, and ticks) were more sensitive during drought onset. High levels of cortisol during the peak period indicated substantial stress to the population, which normalized during recovery. The strongest correlations were between overall health/body condition and musculature and overall health/body condition and coat condition. The weakest correlations were between ticks and the remaining three variables. These results support the hypothesis that various measures of deer health are related. The frequency and intensity of droughts and environmental stressors are predicted to increase in the future due to climate change, which will further challenge this island deer population.

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"Modelling of last hypothesis of climate change impacts on water resources in Sierra de las Cabras aquifer (Southern Spain)." In Drought: Research and Science-Policy Interfacing. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18077-12.

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"Anadromous Sturgeons: Habitats, Threats, and Management." In Anadromous Sturgeons: Habitats, Threats, and Management, edited by John W. McCord, Mark R. Collins, William C. Post, and Theodore I. J. Smith. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569919.ch23.

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<em>Abstract</em>.â€”The anadromous Atlantic sturgeon <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus</em> once supported an important commercial fishery throughout its range (northern Florida, USA, to Labrador, Canada). All surviving populations are apparently depleted, presumably due to overfishing, pollution, and dam construction. A complete moratorium on the fishery has been established in U.S. waters. Unfortunately, population status is unknown for nearly all systems. Several 1994â€“2001 data sets from South Carolina rivers were examined for their potential in development of recruitment (year-class abundance) indices. Because Atlantic sturgeon often begin leaving their natal systems at age 2, after which they occupy other systems and then presumably return to natal areas at sexual maturity several years later, a valid river-specific abundance index must be based on either age0â€“1 or adult fish. Working with three former commercial Atlantic sturgeon fishermen to collect adults in two rivers during the spring and fall of 1998 resulted in collection of only 39 fish in 13 nominal age-classes. In another river, 2 years of monthly sampling with multipanel, anchored gill nets and otter trawls at eight stations throughout the estuary produced only 31 juvenile Atlantic sturgeon. Neither of these study designs provided adequate sample sizes. However, sampling in a clean-bottom section at the freshwaterâ€“brackish water interface of the Edisto River with a modified drift gill net produced large numbers of small Atlantic sturgeon. More than 3,000 juveniles have been collected and tagged since 1994. The 1,331 nominal age-1 Atlantic sturgeon that were captured displayed a distinct bimodal length frequency distribution, supporting the hypothesis that there are both spring and fall spawning events. A period of record drought impeded sampling efforts during a portion of this study. However, when flows and bottom configurations allow nets to be fished at the freshwaterâ€“brackish water interface, the gears and methods employed in the Edisto River can produce an age-1 Atlantic sturgeon catch per unit effort that is high enough to be used in estimating relative year-class strength.

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Lockwood, Alan H. "Violence, Conflict, and Societal Disruption." In Heat Advisory. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034876.003.0008.

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Diverse studies of traffic, baseball, crime-temperature relationships, and others, support the hypothesis that heat breeds violence at a time when, in the US, violent crime is on the wane. Droughts and deluges lead to environmental insecurity by many mechanisms as reflected in an examination of social conflicts in Africa. Rising food prices also foster riots. Climate change is an important factor that has led to societal collapse. Other weather and climate changes, such as those associated with El Niño, are also linked to societal disruption. These relationships have contributed to the current violence in the Middle East.

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Hayden, Bruce P., and Nils R. Hayden. "Decadal and Century-Long Changes in Storminess at Long-Term Ecological Research Sites." In Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response in Long-Term Ecological Research Sites. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150599.003.0026.

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Ecological disturbances at Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites are often the result of extreme meteorological events. Among the events of significance are tropical storms, including hurricanes, and extratropical cyclones. Extratropical storms are low-pressure systems of the middle and high latitudes with their attendant cold and warm fronts. These fronts are associated with strong, horizontal thermal gradients in surface temperatures, strong winds, and a vigorous jet stream aloft. These storms and their attendant fronts generate most of the annual precipitation in the continental United States and provide the lifting mechanisms for thunderstorms that, on occasion, spawn tornadoes. Off the United States West and East Coasts, extratropical storms generate winds, wind waves, wind tides, and long-shore currents that rework coastal sediments, alter landscape morphology, and change the regional patterns of coastal erosion and accretion (Dolan et al. 1988). Although extratropical storms do not match hurricanes in either precipitation intensity or in the strength of the winds generated, they are much larger in size and have a more extensive geographic impact. On occasion, extratropical storms will intensify at an extraordinary rate of 1 millibar (mb) per hour for 24 hours or more. Such storms are classed as “bomb” and are comparable to hurricanes. Extratropical storms occur in all months of the year but are most frequent and more intense in winter when the north-south temperature contrast is large and dynamic support for storm intensification from the stronger jet stream aloft is great. In this chapter, we will explore the history of storminess for those LTER sites in the continental United States at which more than a century of data on storms and their storm tracks are readily available. Specifically, we will look at the record of changes in storminess at both the regional and national scales. During the 1990s, significant storms along the U.S. West Coast and droughts and fires in Florida in an El Niño year led to a hypothesis that El Niño and La Niña conditions were associated with a modulation in the frequency of storms. In addition, it has been suggested that the frequency of El Niño and La Niña events and, by inference, storminess, has increased during the past century.

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David, Greenland, and Douglas G. Goodin. "Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response—Synthesis." In Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response in Long-Term Ecological Research Sites. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150599.003.0039.

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At the outset we identified the theme of this book as how ecosystems respond to climate variability. We have examined this theme at a variety of LTER sites and at a variety of timescales. The subject matter of the book was also to be focused on a series of framework questions. We noted that the theme of climate variability and ecosystem response is inherently deterministic and implicitly carries with it the notion of climate cause and ecosystem result. The analyses in this volume demonstrated that this is a valid and fruitful working assumption. However, the idea of a simple single climate cause and effect might be true in some cases, but it is obviously simplistic. More realistically, the effects of climate variability cascade through ecosystems. In almost all cases there is the probability of many secondary and associated effects accompanying the primary effects. As an example, the possible results of potential warming in the Pacific Northwest forests include changes in global carbon dioxide input, nutrient cycling between the plants and the soil, and feedback links between the plant and soil organisms (Perry and Borchers 1990). In general there seem to be at least three broad classes of interaction between climate and ecosystems. First, the ecosystem simply responds to individual climate events or episodes that exceed some threshold for response. Second, ecosystems may buffer climate variability. In this sense they are filtering the effect of the climate event or episode. The same component in an ecosystem can sometimes act as a buffer and sometimes not, according to the nature of the climate event. Thus a riparian environment might provide soil moisture that acts as a buffer to a drought, but the whole environment might be destroyed by a large flood event. Third, we hypothesize that the ecosystem may move into resonance with the climate variability with positive and negative feedbacks that produce a strong ecosystem response. The relationship between fire and the Southern Oscillation indicates that the South west United States (Swetnam and Betancourt 1990) may provide an example of such resonance. Other examples of resonance, discussed subsequently, may exist in the forests of Interior Alaska and Puerto Rico. If there is indeed an ecosystem response to climate variability, the response tends to occur in cascades.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drought hypothesis"

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KUŚMIEREK-TOMASZEWSKA, Renata, Stanisław DUDEK, and Jacek ŻARSKI. "DETECTION OF CHANGE IN DROUGHT FREQUENCY IN BYDGOSZCZ REGION, CENTRAL POLAND." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.030.

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The aim of the work, carried out within the framework of research on currently occurring rather than predicted climate changes, was to confirm or deny the hypothesis of increasing incidence of droughts in central Poland (the Bydgoszcz region) over the years 1986-2015. According to projections of climate change, the variability and extremity of weather conditions are expected to increase. In studies conducted under some climate scenarios, it was shown that atmospheric precipitation variability in central Poland will increase even to 20%, depending on the scenario. Some researches indicate that

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PIVORAS, Ainis, Marius MIKALAJŪNAS, Diana JUONYTĖ, and Gintaras PIVORAS. "INTEGRATED EFFECT OF CLIMATE AND AIR POLLUTANTS ON DIURNAL TREE RING FORMATION OF SCOTS PINE, NORWAY SPRUCE AND SILVER AND DOWNY BIRCH TREES STEM CIRCUMFERENCE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.099.

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The integrated effect of climatic and other abiotic stress factors including surface ozone on diurnal tree ring width formation of the prevailing in Lithuania tree species as the main response parameter of tree capacity to adapt to and mitigate the recent global changes was investigated. The obtained data revealed that Norway spruce is better adapted to recent climatic conditions in temperate forest than birch trees. Even during the drought episode spruce stem increment exceeded increment of the rest of considered tree species. Silver and Downy birch tree reactions revealed the lowest sensitiv

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Yadav, Abhishek, Ashok K. Das, Janet K. Allen, and Farrokh Mistree. "A Computational Framework to Support Social Entrepreneurs in Creating Value for Rural Communities in India." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97375.

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Abstract Over 250 million people in India currently lack access to basic services needed to live a rudimentary lifestyle. Most of these people reside in rural parts of the country. Lack of employment, economic opportunities, and development in rural areas are foundational to low socio-economic levels in these communities. Added to this are environmental issues such as natural resource depletion, yearlong droughts, climate change. We hypothesize that social enterprises developed at the community level can improve the quality of life of people in rural India. The lack of access to investment and

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Reports on the topic "Drought hypothesis"

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Barg, Rivka, Kendal D. Hirschi, Avner Silber, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Yechiam Salts, and Marla Binzel. Combining Elevated Levels of Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturation and Vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase Activity for Improved Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7613877.bard.

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Background to the topic: In previous works we have shown that Arabidopsis and tomato over-expressing H+-pyrophosphatase show increased tolerance to drought imposed by withholding irrigation of young plants in pots (Park et al. 2005). In addition, young tobacco plants over-expressing fatty acid desaturase 3 (OEX-FAD3) also showed increasing tolerance to drought stress (Zhang et al 2005), and similarly OEX-FAD3 young tomato plants (unpublished data from ARO), hence raising the possibility that pyramiding the two could further improve drought tolerance in tomato. Based on these findings the speci

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Granot, David, Scott Holaday, and Randy D. Allen. Enhancing Cotton Fiber Elongation and Cellulose Synthesis by Manipulating Fructokinase Activity. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613878.bard.

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a. Objectives (a) Identification and characterization of the cotton fiber FRKs; (b) Generating transgenic cotton plants overproducing either substrate inhibited tomato FRK or tomato FRK without substrate inhibition; (c) Generating transgenic cotton plants with RNAi suppression of fiber expressed FRKs; (d) Generating Arabidopsis plants that over express FRK1, FRK2, or both genes, as additional means to assess the contribution of FRK to cellulose synthesis and biomass production. b. Background to the topic: Cellulose synthesis and fiber elongation are dependent on sugar metabolism. Previous resu

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Miller, Gad, and Jeffrey F. Harper. Pollen fertility and the role of ROS and Ca signaling in heat stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598150.bard.

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The long-term goal of this research is to understand how pollen cope with stress, and identify genes that can be manipulated in crop plants to improve reproductive success during heat stress. The specific aims were to: 1) Compare heat stress dependent changes in gene expression between wild type pollen, and mutants in which pollen are heat sensitive (cngc16) or heat tolerant (apx2-1). 2) Compare cngc16 and apx2 mutants for differences in heat-stress triggered changes in ROS, cNMP, and Ca²⁺ transients. 3) Expand a mutant screen for pollen with increased or decreased thermo-tolerance. These aims

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LaBonte, Don, Etan Pressman, Nurit Firon, and Arthur Villordon. Molecular and Anatomical Characterization of Sweetpotato Storage Root Formation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592648.bard.

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Original objectives: Anatomical study of storage root initiation and formation. Induction of storage root formation. Isolation and characterization of genes involved in storage root formation. During the normal course of storage root development. Following stress-induced storage root formation. Background:Sweetpotato is a high value vegetable crop in Israel and the U.S. and acreage is expanding in both countries and the research herein represents an important backstop to improving quality, consistency, and yield. This research has two broad objectives, both relating to sweetpotato storage root

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