Journal articles: 'Drought management; Zimbabwe; Africa'

1

Perkins, Jeremy Simon. "Take me to the River along the African drought corridor: Adapting to climate change." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2020.77.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper brings together a wide range of concepts from climate change predictions, palaeoecology, wildlife ecology and sustainable livelihoods in order to prioritise adaptive management measures that are necessary for the conservation of the African megafauna. Climate change predictions emphasise the severe aridity that will surge into southern Africa later this century and must be contrasted with the relatively wetter conditions in eastern Africa. The evolution of African mammals and their adaptive responses to past episodes of climate change is explained by reference to range shifts and movements along Balinsky’s (1962) ‘drought corridor’ that extends from SW Africa northeastwards to Somalia and then westwards across the Saharan-Sahelian zone. The drought corridor today could potentially extend from Kenya southwestward through to Botswana/South Africa and Namibia, via connectivity corridors linking existing wildlife areas, forming the Kalahari-Rift Valley Transfrontier Conservation Landscape (KALARIVA TFCL). The most promising route along the drought corridor links the Chobe – Linyanti – Kwando river systems of Botswana/Namibia with Luangwa Valley in Northern Zambia, along the Zambezi River via Lake Kariba (Matsudonna and Mana Pools) in Zimbabwe. Malawi poses an absolute barrier to such connectivity and by the turn of this Century runs the risk of confining the area to the south almost entirely to the SW arid adapted fauna and that to the north to water dependent ungulates such as elephants, buffalo and zebra. The key movement corridors are identified in a bid to extend the spatial and temporal scale of conservation planning in order to adapt effectively to climate change. The importance of ‘co-existence’ between wildlife and people is emphasised together with the need for local communities to benefit from sharing the KALARIVA TFCL with African wildlife, via new models of conservation financing and management that reward rural African communities for being the true custodians of the African megafauna.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Chisadza, Bright, Michael J. Tumbare, Washington R. Nyabeze, and Innocent Nhapi. "Validation of local knowledge drought forecasting systems in the Limpopo River Basin in Southern Africa." Disaster Prevention and Management 23, no. 5 (October 28, 2014): 551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-02-2014-0032.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – This research paper is informed by a study to assess performance of local knowledge drought forecasts (LKDFs) in the Mzingwane catchment which is located in the Limpopo River Basin in Zimbabwe. The purpose of this paper is to validate local traditional knowledge (LTK) indicators being applied in Mzingwane catchment and verify their accuracy and reliability in drought forecasting and early warning. Design/methodology/approach – LTK forecast data for 2012/2013 season were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 40 selected household heads and focus group discussions. Observations and key informant interviews with chiefs and the elderly (>55 years) were also used to collect additional LTK forecast data. Meteorological data on seasonal rainfall were collected from the meteorological Services Department of Zimbabwe (MSD). Two sets of comparisons were conducted namely the hind-cast comparison where the LKDF system results were evaluated against what the season turned out to be and forecast comparison where local LKDF system results were compared with downscaled meteorological forecasts. Findings – The results showed that the majority of the LTK indicators used were accurate in forecasting weather and drought conditions when compared to the observed data of what the season turned out to be. LTK forecasts were found to be more accurate than meteorological forecast at local scale. This study has shown that the reliability of LTKs is high as demonstrated by the fact that the predicted event occurs. Research limitations/implications – Further validation be carried out for a number of seasons, in order to standardise the LTK indicators per geographical area. Originality/value – The research creates platform for adoption of LTKs into formal forecasting systems. The research is useful to both meteorological researchers and resource constrained communities in Mzingwane catchment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Melesse, Mequanint B., Amos Nyangira Tirra, Chris O. Ojiewo, and Michael Hauser. "Understanding Farmers’ Trait Preferences for Dual-Purpose Crops to Improve Mixed Crop–Livestock Systems in Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105678.

Full text

Abstract:

Competition over land between food and fodder production, along with recurrent droughts and increasing population, has put mixed crop–livestock farming systems in the drylands of sub-Saharan Africa under pressure. Dual-purpose crops hold huge potential to ease this pressure and simultaneously improve food and fodder availability in these systems. We investigated farmers’ preferences for dual-purpose maize, sorghum, and groundnut traits, and analyzed linkages of stated trait preferences with production of dual-purpose crops and adoption of improved varieties involving 645 households from two districts in Zimbabwe. The three target crops cover more than 75% of households’ cropping lands. Highly preferred stated traits of dual-purpose crops include yield, disease resistance, and drought tolerance. Highly appreciated feed attributes encompass stover yield and digestibility. The adoption of improved varieties is high for maize but low for sorghum and groundnut. Trait preferences are correlated with the production of dual-purpose crops and the adoption of improved varieties of the crops. However, the strengths of these correlations differ for maize, sorghum, and groundnuts. We discuss these linkages and suggest why crop improvement programs should reconcile trade-offs between grain and feed attributes to support mixed crop–livestock systems in Zimbabwe successfully.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bromley, J., J. A. Butterworth, D. M. J. Macdonald, C. J. Lovell, I. Mharapara, and C. H. Batchelor. "Hydrological processes and water resources management in a dryland environment I: An introduction to the Romwe Catchment Study in Southern Zimbabwe." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 3 (September 30, 1999): 322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-3-322-1999.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In Zimbabwe during the 1980s and early 1990s, a sequence of severe droughts caused widespread food shortages and great hardship to rural communities. The droughts exacerbated the problems of environmental degradation in communal lands and highlighted the lack of understanding of the links between the climate, land use and hydrology of dryland regions. The Romwe Catchment Study addresses these issues, and has led to the establishment of the first fully-instrumented research catchment in a communally-managed dryland environment in southern Africa. The key objectives were (a) to improve the understanding of hydrological processes in communal land areas, mostly underlain by crystalline basement aquifers, and (b) to investigate the impacts of variations in climate and changes in land use and management on the hydrology and water resources. In this introductory paper, the physical characteristics of the catchment are described together with the instrumentation to monitor hydrological processes and quantify the catchment water balance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Musakwa, Walter, Ephraim Mpofu, and Nesisa Analisa Nyathi. "Local Community Perceptions on Landscape Change, Ecosystem Services, Climate Change, and Livelihoods in Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 4610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114610.

Full text

Abstract:

Understanding humanity’s relationship with nature is crucial for the well-being and sustainable development of mankind in the face of global environmental change. Communities depend on landscapes for survival and landscapes determine if sustainable development is to be achieved. The links between landscapes, ecosystem services, livelihoods, and climate change are often complex, misunderstood, and barely studied in rural areas of Africa, where communities live side-by-side with conservation areas. Our study surveyed the perception of the nexus of landscape change, climate change, ecosystem services, and livelihoods in Gonarezhou, a national park in southeastern Zimbabwe. We also used Landsat satellite imagery to map the landscape change over 20 years to validate and to correlate with the survey data. The survey results indicated that people relied on rainfed agriculture as a means of livelihood, but droughts as a result of climate change force communities to engage in other means of livelihoods such as small-scale poaching of small game such as impala and harvesting of natural resources such as edible shrubs. Crops and livestock as provisional ecosystem services have been negatively affected by climate change and landscape change. Landsat data confirmed that there was a negative transformation of the landscape as a result of agriculture, growth in settlements, and large herbivores. However, there was also a positive landscape transformation resulting from the conservation efforts by the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust (GCT). Cultural services about education and awareness of the environment and provisional services such as wild fruits are booming. Challenges such as soil erosion, human–wildlife conflict, and minimal community benefits from conservation efforts hindered sustainable development in the study area. While changes in landscape, climate, livelihoods, and ecosystem services happened at a local scale, the underlying drivers such as politics and the economy were also identified as drivers of landscape change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Mason, John B., Adam Bailes, Karen E. Mason, Olivia Yambi, Urban Jonsson, Claudia Hudspeth, Peter Hailey, Andrea Kendle, Dominique Brunet, and Pierre Martel. "AIDS, drought, and child malnutrition in southern Africa." Public Health Nutrition 8, no. 6 (September 2005): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005726.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate trends in child malnutrition in six countries in southern Africa, in relation to the HIV epidemic and drought in crop years 2001/2 and 2002/3.DesignEpidemiological analysis of sub-national and national surveys with related data.SettingData from Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, compiled and analysed under UNICEF auspices.SubjectsSecondary data: children 0–5 years for weight-for-age; HIV prevalence data from various sources especially antenatal clinic surveillance.ResultsChild nutritional status as measured by prevalence of underweight deteriorated from 2001 onwards in all countries except Lesotho, with very substantial increases in some provinces/districts (e.g. from 5 to 20% in Maputo (Mozambique, 1997–2002), 17 to 32% in Copperbelt (Zambia, 1999–2001/2) and 11 to 26% in Midlands province (Zimbabwe, 1999–2002)). Greater deterioration in underweight occurred in better-off areas. Areas with higher HIV/AIDS prevalences had (so far) lower malnutrition rates (and infant mortality rates), presumably because more modern areas – with greater reliance on trade and wage employment – have more HIV/AIDS. Areas with higher HIV/AIDS showed more deterioration in child nutrition. A significant area-level interaction was found of HIV/AIDS with the drought period, associated with particularly rapid deterioration in nutritional status.ConclusionsFirst, the most vulnerable may be households in more modern areas, nearer towns, to whom resources need to be directed. Second, the causes of this vulnerability need to be investigated. Third, HIV/AIDS amplifies the effect of drought on nutrition, so rapid and effective response will be crucial if drought strikes again. Fourth, expanded nutritional surveillance is now needed to monitor and respond to deteriorating trends. Finally, with or without drought, new means are needed of bringing help, comfort and assistance to the child population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Mutowo, Godfrey, and David Chikodzi. "Remote sensing based drought monitoring in Zimbabwe." Disaster Prevention and Management 23, no. 5 (October 28, 2014): 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-10-2013-0181.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – Drought monitoring is an important process for national agricultural and environmental planning. Droughts are normal recurring climatic phenomena that affect people and landscapes. They occur at different scales (locally, regionally, and nationally), and for periods of time ranging from weeks to decades. In Zimbabwe drought is increasingly becoming an annual phenomenon, with varying parts of the country being affected. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the spatial variations in the seasonal occurrences of drought in Zimbabwe over a period of five years. Design/methodology/approach – The Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), which shows how close the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of the current time is to the minimum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index calculated from the long-term record for that given time, was used to monitor drought occurrence in Zimbabwe. A time series of dekadal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, calculated from SPOT images, was used to compute seasonal VCI maps from 2005 to 2010. The VCI maps were then classified into three drought severity classes (severe, moderate, and mild) based on the relative changes in the vegetation condition from extremely bad to optimal. Findings – The results showed that droughts occur annually in Zimbabwe though, on average, the droughts are mostly mild. The occurrence and the spatial distribution of drought in Zimbabwe was also found to be random affecting different places from season to season thus the authors conclude that most parts of the country are drought prone. Originality/value – Remote sensing technologies utilising such indices as the VCI can be used for drought monitoring in Zimbabwe.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Mufune, P. "Land Reform Management in Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe." International Journal of Rural Management 6, no. 1 (April 2010): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097300521100600101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Calow, R. C., N. S. Robins, A. M. Macdonald, D. M. J. Macdonald, B. R. Gibbs, W. R. G. Orpen, P. Mtembezeka, A. J. Andrews, and S. O. Appiah. "Groundwater Management in Drought-prone Areas of Africa." International Journal of Water Resources Development 13, no. 2 (June 1997): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629749863.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Chigavazira, Tendai, and Horácio Lucas Zandamela. "Behaviour Change in Drought Response and Management: Case Study of Mudzi District, Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 11, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v11i2.18574.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper seeks to contribute to the droughts discourse through explaining the vulnerability of women to droughts by analysing the different livelihood strategies employed by women and their responses. The conservation of resources (COR) theory and ecological theory was applied to understand the issues of vulnerability, adaptation and coping with droughts. A qualitative approach was utilised through the application of semi-structured interviews, observation and document review tools. Although the element of behavioural change is illuminated in the behavioural theories and applied in some studies such as HIV and AIDS, this element is missing in the drought literature. In this paper, the behavioural change element that emerged is not only important but also relevant in understanding the dynamics associated with drought responses. This generates a novice understanding and explanation of the vulnerability of women to droughts and in so doing, it shapes the drought discourse beyond the traditional arena.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hall, S. J. G. "Traditional goats and fat-tailed Sabi sheep in semi-arid north eastern Zimbabwe." Animal Genetic Resources Information 26 (April 1999): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900001206.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryCharacterisations are given of the little-known Sabi sheep and the local population of the Small East African goat in two areas in NE Zimbabwe. The southern area had been more affected by drought in 1991–92. For sheep (both areas combined; n = 28 in 10 flocks) the mean declared age of breeding females and the median age at first parturition were surprisingly high (6.1 years and 4 years respectively). Breeding female goats in the southern area were younger (4.9 vs. 6.4 years), and their age at first kidding was lower (3 years vs. 5 years), than in the north (n = 122 in 25 flocks total). These advanced ages could be an after-effect of the drought. Juvenile mortality and the proportions of young that were ultimately marketed were similar to what has been found elsewhere in semi-arid Africa. Breeding females were found to be smaller than their counterparts in semi-arid areas in West Africa with mean withers heights of 56.5 cm (n = 112 goats) and 60.4 cm (n = 36 sheep). Conditions in this area appear difficult for small ruminants and the populations sampled may be well adapted to marginal environments and thus worthy of conservation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Wright, Jim, Prabhat Vaze, and Stephen Gundry. "The Role of Policy in the Encroachment of Maize Cultivation in Semi-Arid Zimbabwe." Outlook on Agriculture 27, no. 2 (June 1998): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709802700206.

Full text

Abstract:

For many areas of smallholder dryland agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, cultivation of drought-resistant small grains such as millets and sorghum offer reliable harvests and food security. Despite this, the area given over to maize in such semi-arid areas has been increasing, although there is a risk of crop failure associated with its longer growing season. The influence of agricultural policy on this change in cropping patterns is examined here in the context of Zimbabwe. It is argued that despite the official extension advice discouraging maize cultivation, other aspects of policy have indirectly contributed to this change in cropping patterns. These aspects include seed supply, changes in producer prices, and the operation of the drought relief programme.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Vogel, Coleen, Ingrid Koch, and Koos Van Zyl. "“A Persistent Truth”—Reflections on Drought Risk Management in Southern Africa." Weather, Climate, and Society 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009wcas1017.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Severe droughts in southern Africa are associated with livelihood impacts, a strain on local economies, and other hardships. Extensive effort has been spent in the past trying to improve responses to periods of extensive drought. There have also been renewed calls for improvements to climate change adaptation by adopting more proactive governance and disaster risk reduction approaches. Few efforts, however, have been made to assess how to learn more from past drought efforts so as to enhance overall resilience to future drought risks. Few have examined the role and contributions of institutions and drought governance, either across spatial scales [from regional (i.e., Southern African Development Community) to national scales (e.g., South Africa) to the very local scale (e.g., Limpopo Province, South Africa)] or across temporal scales (over at least 100 yr). Despite calls for better risk management approaches at all levels, this paper illustrates two points. First, a failure to fully understand, integrate, and learn from past efforts may undermine current and future drought response. Second, state-led drought risk reduction, which remains focused on a financial “bail-out” mentality, with little follow-through on proactive rather than reactive drought responses, is also seriously contributing to the vulnerability of the region to future drought impacts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Сhigudu, Daniel. "Navigating policy implementation Gaps in Africa: The case of Zimbabwe." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 3 (2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i3art1.

Full text

Abstract:

This study reviews policy issues and the efficacy of policy implementation through a content analysis approach. In Africa and Zimbabwe in particular, policies have invariably been formulated to cater for the populace in the post-colonial era in order to address previous socio-economic imbalances. From 1991 to 2015 several policies have been developed as reflected in the Framework for Economic Reform, Zimbabwe Programme for Economic and Social Transformation (ZIMPREST) and Letters of Intent to the International Monetary Fund through to the current Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable SocioEconomic Transformation (Zim-Asset) among other blueprints. Findings indicate that policy problems in Zimbabwe are largely due to implementation failure against well thought out intelligible proposals. The paper reveals that implementation gaps reside in the absence of capacity to translate those intelligible proposals into action, poor sequencing of policies, political inaction to account for the failure and lack of resources. This does not appear to be unique to Zimbabwe alone but prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and many countries across the continent. Alternatives and recommendations are suggested for this phenomenon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

N., Sakadzo, and Kugedera A. T. "The Use of Small Grains for Food Security and Climate Compliant In Dry Regions of Zimbabwe: A Review." Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary, no. 310 (October 17, 2020): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjav.310.143.149.

Full text

Abstract:

Climate change has brought issues of total crop failure in dry regions in Zimbabwe as evidenced by total crop failure in 2010, 2015 and 2017 in some parts of Chivi which is one of the driest area in Zimbabwe. The paper highlights the use of small grains for food security and climate compliant in dry regions of Zimbabwe. This brings in an idea of growing small grain by farmers as means of improving food production in dry areas such as Chivi, Mwenezi and Chiredzi districts. Cereal production growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to decline by a net 3.2 percent in 2050 as a result of climate change. To mitigate this risk, there is need to improve productivity of small grains as climate compliant crops which can ameliorate poverty in Zimbabwe. Small grains are drought tolerant and perform better in dry regions than any other cereal crops. Sorghum and millet have the potential to contribute to food security to the world’s poorest agro-ecological regions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Frischen, Janna, Isabel Meza, Daniel Rupp, Katharina Wietler, and Michael Hagenlocher. "Drought Risk to Agricultural Systems in Zimbabwe: A Spatial Analysis of Hazard, Exposure, and Vulnerability." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030752.

Full text

Abstract:

The devastating impacts of drought are fast becoming a global concern. Zimbabwe is among the countries more severely affected, where drought impacts have led to water shortages, declining yields, and periods of food insecurity, accompanied by economic downturns. In particular, the country’s agricultural sector, mostly comprised of smallholder rainfed systems, is at great risk of drought. In this study, a multimethod approach is applied, including a remote sensing-based analysis of vegetation health data from 1989–2019 to assess the drought hazard, as well as a spatial analysis combined with expert consultations to determine drought vulnerability and exposure of agricultural systems. The results show that droughts frequently occur with changing patterns across Zimbabwe. Every district has been affected by drought during the past thirty years, with varying levels of severity and frequency. Severe drought episodes have been observed in 1991–1992, 1994–1995, 2002–2003, 2015–2016, and 2018–2019. Drought vulnerability and exposure vary substantially in the country, with the south-western provinces of Matabeleland North and South showing particularly high levels. Assessments of high-risk areas, combined with an analysis of the drivers of risk, set the path towards tailor-made adaptation strategies that consider drought frequency and severity, exposure, and vulnerability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Makaya, Eugine, Melanie Rohse, Rosie Day, Coleen Vogel, Lyla Mehta, Lindsey McEwen, Sally Rangecroft, and Anne F. Van Loon. "Water governance challenges in rural South Africa: exploring institutional coordination in drought management." Water Policy 22, no. 4 (May 16, 2020): 519–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.234.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Droughts have severe direct impacts on the livelihoods of rural populations. Thus, the management of water for communal agriculture and water supply should be well coordinated to enhance drought resilience. Notwithstanding the interrelations among water management institutions in South Africa, there are complexities in the way these institutions work together, both in preparation for, and during drought times. In this article, we examine the governance of water resources in South Africa with a view to understanding institutional coordination in drought management at different operational scales. Using a qualitative approach, the roles and relationships between water actors at the local and regional level were analyzed for their adequacy in building local level drought resilience in a village in the Limpopo province, South Africa. Key informant interviews conducted revealed operational drought management challenges that emanate from communication barriers, coordination inconsistences, and undefined, unclear actor roles and responsibilities during disasters. The top-down approach to disaster management, while of some value, currently constrains the effectiveness of the local-level institutions implementing local drought risk reduction efforts. Achieving more successful water and drought governance endeavors could be enhanced by greater and wider engagement with community-based actors and water management institutions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Botai, Joel, Christina Botai, Jaco de Wit, Masinde Muthoni, and Abiodun Adeola. "Analysis of Drought Progression Physiognomies in South Africa." Water 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020299.

Full text

Abstract:

The spatial-temporal variability of drought characteristics and propagation mechanisms in the hydrological cycle is a pertinent topic to policymakers and to the diverse scientific community. This study reports on the analysis of drought characteristics and propagation patterns in the hydrological cycle over South Africa. In particular, the analysis considered daily precipitation and streamflow data spanning from 1985 to 2016, recorded from 74 weather stations, distributed across South Africa and covering the country’s 19 Water Management Areas (WMAs). The results show that all the WMAs experience drought features characterized by an inherent spatial-temporal dependence structure with transition periods categorized into short (1–3 months), intermediate (4–6 months), long (7–12 months) and extended (>12 months) time-scales. Coupled with climate and catchment characteristics, the drought propagation characteristics delineate the WMAs into homogenous zones subtly akin to the broader climatic zones of South Africa, i.e., Savanna, Grassland, Karoo, Fynbos, Forest, and Desert climates. We posit that drought evolution results emanating from the current study provide a new perspective of drought characterization with practical use for the design of drought monitoring, as well as early warning systems for drought hazard preparedness and effective water resources planning and management. Overall, the analysis of drought evolution in South Africa is expected to stimulate advanced drought research topics, including the elusive drought termination typology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Cliff, J., S. Lewin, G. Woelk, B. Fernandes, A. Mariano, E. Sevene, K. Daniels, S. Matinhure, A. Oxman, and J. Lavis. "Policy development in malaria vector management in Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe." Health Policy and Planning 25, no. 5 (February 21, 2010): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czq008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Zhou, Gideon. "Three Decades of Public Expenditure Management in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 3 (July 28, 2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i3.2098.

Full text

Abstract:

Sound public expenditure management forms the bedrock of public administration. It facilitates producence, efficiency, transparency and accountability in expenditure processes at various levels of government. This serves as a long term barricade aginst debt trap. This article responds to these fundamental concerns by examining the nature, processes and challenges of public expenditure management in Zimbabwe. Reviews of expenditure management systems in Zimbabwe show general consistence with those in Anglophone Africa. Ministries of finance, working closely with spending ministries, Accounting Officers, Public Accounts Committees of Parliament, Auditor Generals and internal auditors-constitute key players in the public expenditure management process. Notwithstanding this, overall expenditure over the decades remained sticky downwards due to inflationary pressures, unbudgeted expenditures and weak expenditure management systems. Robust mesaures should be put in place to institutionalise a culture of compliance with extant expenditure management frameworks at both the macro and micro levels of government.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Schwarz, Maximilian, Tobias Landmann, Natalie Cornish, Karl-Friedrich Wetzel, Stefan Siebert, and Jonas Franke. "A Spatially Transferable Drought Hazard and Drought Risk Modeling Approach Based on Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020237.

Full text

Abstract:

Drought adversely affects vegetation conditions and agricultural production and consequently the food security and livelihood situation of the often most vulnerable communities. In spite of recent advances in modeling drought risk and impact, coherent and explicit information on drought hazard, vulnerability and risk is still lacking over wider areas. In this study, a spatially explicit drought hazard, vulnerability, and risk modeling framework was investigated for agricultural land, grassland and shrubland areas. The developed drought hazard model operates on a higher spatial resolution than most available drought models while also being scalable to other regions. Initially, a logistic regression model was developed to predict drought hazard for rangelands and croplands in the USA. The drought hazard model was cross-verified for the USA using the United States Drought Monitor (USDM). The comparison of the model with the USDM showed a good spatiotemporal agreement, using visual interpretation. Subsequently, the explicit and accurate USA model was transferred and calibrated for South Africa and Zimbabwe, where drought vulnerability and drought risk were assessed in combination with drought hazard. The drought hazard model used time series crop yields data from the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) and biophysical predictors from satellite remote sensing (SPI, NDVI, NDII, LST, albedo). A McFadden’s Pseudo R² value of 0.17 for the South African model indicated a good model fit. The plausibility of the drought hazard model results in southern Africa was evaluated by using regional climate patterns, published drought reports and a visual comparison to a global drought risk model and food security classification data. Drought risk and vulnerability were assessed for southern Africa and could also be spatially explicit mapped showing, for example, lower drought vulnerability and risk over irrigated areas. The innovative aspect of the presented drought hazard model is that it can be applied to other countries at a global scale, since it only uses globally available data sets and therefore can be easily modified to account for country-specific characteristics. At the same time, it can capture regional drought conditions through a higher resolution than other existing global drought hazard models. This model addressed the gap between global drought models, that cannot spatially and temporally explicitly capture regional drought effects, and sub-regional drought models that may be spatially explicit but not spatially transferable. Since we used globally available and spatially consistent data sets (both as predictors and response variables), the approach of this study can potentially be used globally to enhance existing modelling routines, drought intervention strategies and preparedness measures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Hogwe, Fortune, and Handson Banda. "The nature of China’s role in development of Africa: the case of Zimbabwe." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(1-1).2017.11.

Full text

Abstract:

China’s involvement in Africa has become one of the contentious topics in the development literature. The background of the study is that Sino-African relations can be grouped into two phases thus: past relations and contemporary relations. The two phases are dissimilar, as past relations are categorized by solidarity against imperialism, while contemporary relations are characterized by economic relations. The study uses a historical approach to analyze China’s resurgence into Africa and Zimbabwe, a case study is used to examine the contemporary Sino-African relations. Secondary data were utilized to come to sound conclusion of the study. The study mainly found out that China’s resurgence into Africa presents both negative and positive impacts for Africa and that the negatives need to be regulated in order for African countries to benefit from the relations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Msangi, J. P. "Drought Hazard and Desertification Management in the Drylands of Southern Africa." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 99, no. 1-3 (January 2004): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-004-4002-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Chigora, Farai, and Promise Zvavahera. "Strategic Management and Branding Panacea for Surviving in Volatile Environments: Case of Zimbabwe Tourism Industry." Business and Management Horizons 3, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v3i2.8543.

Full text

Abstract:

The Zimbabwe tourism destination has been rebranded three times between the years 1980 and 2011. It started with the brand name “Discover Zimbabwe” after independence in 1980, to “Africa Paradise” in 1996, then “Zimbabwe a World of Wonders” in 2011. The change was done as an effort to strategically position the country’s tourism destination through an attractive brand. The first two brands failed to change the perceptions of tourists towards Zimbabwe. This study sought to explore strategic factors that might have affected the tourism destination. The research applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches to extract data. The results showed that the majority of tourism players in Zimbabwe used the branding concept separately from strategic management. The study discovered that the failure of the tourism industry is attributed to the failure by the authorities to strategically consult key stakeholders in the formulation of the brand. The study therefore, recommended a brand-strategic model suitable for tourism destinations emphasising on combining branding and strategic management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Verbist, Koen, Abou Amani, Anil Mishra, and Blanca Jiménez Cisneros. "Strengthening drought risk management and policy: UNESCO International Hydrological Programme's case studies from Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean." Water Policy 18, S2 (December 1, 2016): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.223.

Full text

Abstract:

Droughts have resulted in significant socio-economic impacts in the regions of Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), especially in developing countries. The main gaps to mitigate its effects, identified in both Africa and LAC regions, include a lack of human and institutional capacity, a lack of access to relevant early warning information for decision-making, the identification of vulnerable communities within the countries and the integration of these two components into drought management policies. UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (UNESCO-IHP) has been providing support to enhance human capacity, policy guidance and tools to the countries to address drought-related challenges and this paper presents some examples. Through capacity building at regional institutions in Western, Eastern and Southern Africa, drought monitoring and early warning tools have been transferred and validated for inclusion into national climate risk management plans. In LAC, a drought atlas was produced to identify the frequency of meteorological droughts and the exposure of population to droughts. Also in LAC, national drought observatories were developed in two pilot countries, providing locally relevant and actionable drought monitoring and early warning information, socio-economic vulnerabilities and appropriate drought indicators for decision-making to strengthen current drought policies for these countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Thomas, Evan, Elizabeth Jordan, Karl Linden, Beshah Mogesse, Tamene Hailu, Hussein Jirma, Patrick Thomson, Johanna Koehler, and Greg Collins. "Reducing drought emergencies in the Horn of Africa." Science of The Total Environment 727 (July 2020): 138772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138772.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Jonnalagadda, S. B., J. Makadho, N. Matinde, R. P. Karimanzira, and A. Makarau. "Chemical composition of rainwater and air quality in Zimbabwe, Africa." Science of The Total Environment 144, no. 1-3 (April 1994): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90445-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Meza, Isabel, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Stefan Siebert, Gohar Ghazaryan, Hamideh Nouri, Olena Dubovyk, Helena Gerdener, et al. "Drought risk for agricultural systems in South Africa: Drivers, spatial patterns, and implications for drought risk management." Science of The Total Environment 799 (December 2021): 149505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149505.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

MATOSE, FRANK, and SCOTNEY WATTS. "Towards community-based forest management in Southern Africa: do decentralization experiments work for local livelihoods?" Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (September 2010): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000639.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYDifferences are emerging in decentralization of forest and community management in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa. This paper draws on case studies in each country to examine five aspects of their decentralization experience, namely forest tenure, new organizational structures, accountability and livelihood outcomes. Tenure arrangements developed as a result of decentralization are important for communities, as these determine the nature of access sanctioned by the state and security of the arrangements. The transfer of power to new organizations is proving to be a challenge. Experiences across the three case studies show that new committees were formed for these forestry initiatives by outside agencies and attempts were made to make them relevant to the way local communities managed forests. One of the main tenets of decentralization revolves around accountability of community representatives to their constituents rather than to the state. Although moves have been made to promote the accountability of community representatives, these have produced mixed results in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa. Only after changes in the approach taken by the state in Zimbabwe did community representatives become more accountable. In Mozambique, because of the special arrangements around the specific case, greater authority was given to community representatives, whereas, in South Africa, the state retained authority over representatives. Decentralization may bring benefits and improve communities' livelihoods from forestry activities, however much more still needs to be done by states in order for forests to take communities out of poverty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Orimoloye, Israel Ropo, Leocadia Zhou, and Ahmed M. Kalumba. "Drought Disaster Risk Adaptation through Ecosystem Services-Based Solutions: Way Forward for South Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 4132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084132.

Full text

Abstract:

Ecosystem services refer to the direct and indirect benefits to humanity from an ecosystem. The ability to spatially incorporate multiple biophysical environments is crucial to ecosystem services, thus promoting cooperation between science and policy in seeking solutions to global challenges, including drought disasters. Therefore, understanding ecosystem services, for instance, from forest/vegetation in view of contributing to drought disaster risk adaptation is critical to human-nature interactions and proper sustainable conservation thereof. No known study has been done on ecosystem services and their contributions to drought management or other climate adaptation in South Africa. This study aimed at quantifying drought disaster risk adaptation based on ecosystem services in South Africa. It was identified that ecosystem services to society have been directly affected by anthropogenic and natural phenomena, thereby influencing drought severity and its impacts. These impacts and their associated risks are evident globally, including in South Africa. We found out that ecosystems in South Africa have been affected and extremely vulnerable to recurrent natural disasters, such as droughts. To achieve long-term solutions to such drought-related risks and challenges, feedback mechanisms between human-natural and related factors and ecosystem services-based drought adaptation need to be understood and planned. Timely spatiotemporal assessment, planning and management strategies need to be considered to find solutions or ways forward to South Africa in combating drought disasters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Pischke, Frederik, and Robert Stefanski. "Drought management policies – from global collaboration to national action." Water Policy 18, S2 (December 1, 2016): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.022.

Full text

Abstract:

The article provides an overview of the development of national drought management policies (NDMP). It explores collaborative efforts that were started at the High-level Meeting on National Drought Policy – whose declaration provides the backdrop to this article – and are implemented through the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)/Global Water Partnership (GWP) Integrated Drought Management Programme (IDMP) and related initiatives. Early outputs, e.g., the National Drought Management Policy Guidelines – A template for action and the Handbook on Drought Indices and Indicators, provide an indication of how expert-reviewed guidance is brought together and applied by drought practitioners for developing NDMP and applying drought indices/indicators. Regional examples from Central and Eastern Europe and the Horn of Africa, including a brief country example from Kenya, highlight how these guidelines and collaborative efforts and outputs are applied. The role of IDMP is to provide a framework and commensurate technical support to countries but the actual development and implementation of national drought plans and policies still needs to be done by governmental ministries and national stakeholders. The article emphasizes how information from different sources is used to support countries to shift from only reacting to droughts when they occur to adopt proactive national drought policies that focus on improved collaboration and the mitigation of drought impacts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Wilhite, Donald A. "Drought Preparedness and Response in the Context of Sub‐Saharan Africa." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 8, no. 2 (June 2000): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00127.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Asmall, Taherah, Amber Abrams, Martin Röösli, Guéladio Cissé, Kirsty Carden, and Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie. "The adverse health effects associated with drought in Africa." Science of The Total Environment 793 (November 2021): 148500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148500.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Bond, Patrick. "Zimbabwe, South Africa, and the Power Politics of Bourgeois Democracy." Monthly Review 54, no. 1 (May 3, 2002): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-054-01-2002-05_3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Lehman, Howard P. "The Paradox of State Power in Africa: Debt Management Policies in Kenya and Zimbabwe." African Studies Review 35, no. 2 (September 1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524868.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Bigirimana, Stanislas, Nelson Jagero, and Pedia Chizema. "An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Electronic Records Management at Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe." British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjemt/2015/15460.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Traore, Zan N’Tio, and Darrell G. Fontane. "Managing Drought Impacts: Case Study of Mali, Africa." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 133, no. 4 (July 2007): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2007)133:4(300).

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Tanyanyiwa, Shadreck. "Hunger by Choice? Rethinking Food Security Strategies." European Journal of Development Studies 1, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2021.1.2.17.

Full text

Abstract:

Food insecurity is a global threat with devastating effects, particularly in ‘developing’ countries. This threat is worsened by a parochial perspective in most of southern Africa that associates food security with the major staple crop maize. This bias is witnessed in the amount of land, investments, research, and marketing allocated to maize, in comparison to traditional crops such as millet, rapoko and sorghum. However, increased investments in agriculture, particularly maize production has failed to translate to increased production of the crop, particularly in Zimbabwe. The vagaries of climate-change manifested through droughts, coupled with man-made policy disasters are evidence enough to factor diversified production systems to include traditional crops into the food security basket. Since independence in 1980, Zimbabwe has experienced more than a dozen drought periods, which translates into multi-million dollar food imports. To feed the growing number of food insecure people, the solution could be in the shunned small grains, whose resilience in harsh conditions compared to maize, calls for urgent transformation and orchestration of the food security basket. Through renewed focus on traditional crops, Zimbabwe and other countries in east and southern African could attain food secure status and ensure that food as a human right is available to all.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Manheim, Jarol B., and Robert B. Albritton. "Insurgent Violence Versus Image Management: The Struggle for National Images in Southern Africa." British Journal of Political Science 17, no. 2 (April 1987): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400004701.

Full text

Abstract:

The authors examine the countervailing effects of two forces on external news coverage of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and South Africa during the 1970s. The first is purposeful government efforts at news management and information control undertaken by each of the two regimes. The second is the civil unrest which was present in the region during that period. They conclude that these effects and the policy consequences that flow from them are functions of the pre-existing image environment of each country in the foreign (US) press and of the character of its domestic unrest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Fragaszy, Stephen Russell, Theresa Jedd, Nicole Wall, Cody Knutson, Makram Belhaj Fraj, Karim Bergaoui, Mark Svoboda, Michael Hayes, and Rachael McDonnell. "Drought Monitoring in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: Participatory Engagement to Inform Early Warning Systems." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): E1148—E1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0084.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract When drought hits water-scarce regions, there are significant repercussions for food and water security, as well as serious issues for the stability of broader social and environmental systems. To mitigate these effects, environmental monitoring and early warning systems aimed at detecting the onset of drought conditions can facilitate timely and effective responses from government and private sector stakeholders. This study uses multistage, participatory research methods across more than 135 interviews, focus groups, and workshops to assess extant climatic, agricultural, hydrological, and drought monitoring systems; key cross-sector drought impacts; and drought monitoring needs in four countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: Morocco, Tunisia, Lebanon, and Jordan. This extensive study of user needs for drought monitoring across the MENA region is informing and shaping the ongoing development of drought early warning systems, a composite drought indicator (CDI), and wider drought management systems in each country. Overarching themes of drought monitoring needs include technical definitions of drought for policy purposes; information-sharing regimes and data-sharing platforms; ground-truthing of remotely sensed and modeled data; improved data quality in observation networks; and two-way engagement with farmers, organizations, and end-users of drought monitoring products. This research establishes a basis for informing enhanced drought monitoring and management in the countries, and the broad stakeholder engagement can help foster the emergence of effective environmental monitoring coalitions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Turton, Anthony. "South Africa and the drought that exposed a young democracy." Water Policy 18, S2 (December 1, 2016): 210–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.020.

Full text

Abstract:

South Africa is a young democracy currently going through a crisis of leadership. The worst drought in recorded history has played out at regional level but against the backdrop of complex political dynamics. The government has lost significant capacity at the technical level, largely the result of political priorities driven by the need to decolonise society and the institutions of higher learning. This has manifest in the water sector as systemic failures of key instrumentation systems, rendering the El Niño event invisible until it hit. This case study of the El Niño event shows that drought management is embedded within a broader political process and is not simply a technical management issue. The Vaal River system sustains 60% of the national economy and 45% of the total population of the country, but water security in this system has been placed at risk because of political dynamics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Mudefi, Rwadzisai Abraham, Manasa Sibanda, and Evans Chazireni. "The Impact of Climate Change on Migration Patterns of Rural Women in Marange, Zimbabwe. (2006-2016)." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 10, no. 01 (January 29, 2019): 20574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v10i01.645.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper looks at the impact of climate change on migration patterns of women in Marange, Zimbabwe between 2006 and 2016. Correlational research design was used. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A sample of 384 households was selected using a systematic deliberate convenience sampling technique. Focus group discussions, direct observation, desk research, a questionnaire survey and key informant interviews were used to collect data. The SPSS version 12 software was used to analyse quantitative data, while themes were developed for qualitative data. The results established that the major push factors for migration were due to the negative impact of climate change, particularly prolonged drought (94%) and hot temperatures (88%). Locally, migrants settled at water sources, wetlands, river banks and pasture lands with the worst affected areas being Mpudzi, Odzi, Burma Valley and Vumba. These new settlements posed social, economic, and administrative challenges and generated natural resource use conflicts at local level. Internationally, migrants settled in Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia. It emerged that young and single women (18-25 years) migrate more and permanently than older and married (>25 years) who were seasonal migrants. Women from large families (5-9 members) migrated more than those from smaller families (<3 members). The study concluded that the impact of climate change especially prolonged drought increases migration of young and single women from large families. It recommended an investment in infrastructure that promote irrigation and employment creation for locals in the diamond mining field to diversify their livelihood options and reduce outward migration of women

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ahmadalipour, Ali, and Hamid Moradkhani. "Multi-dimensional assessment of drought vulnerability in Africa: 1960–2100." Science of The Total Environment 644 (December 2018): 520–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Adisa, Omolola M., Muthoni Masinde, Joel O. Botai, and Christina M. Botai. "Bibliometric Analysis of Methods and Tools for Drought Monitoring and Prediction in Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 6516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166516.

Full text

Abstract:

The African continent has a long history of rainfall fluctuations of varying duration and intensities. This has led to varying degrees of drought conditions, triggering research interest across the continent. The research presented here is a bibliometric analysis of scientific articles on drought monitoring and prediction published in Africa. Scientific data analysis was carried out based on bibliometric mapping techniques applied to 332 scientific publications (1980 to 2020) retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. In addition, time series of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index for the previous 6 months (SPEI-6) over six regions in the continent was analysed giving the relative comparison of drought occurrences to the annual distribution of the scientific publications. The results revealed that agricultural and hydrological drought studies contributed about 75% of the total publications, while the remaining 25% was shared among socioeconomic and meteorological studies. Countries in the southern, western, and eastern regions of Africa led in terms of scientific publications during the period under review. The results further indicated that the continent experienced drought conditions in the years 1984, 1989, 1992, and 1997, thereby inducing an increase in the number of scientific publications on drought studies. The results show that the tools of analysis have also changed from simple statistics to the use of geospatial tools such as Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) models, and recently Machine Learning (ML). The ML, particularly, contributed about 11% of the total scientific publications, while RS and GIS models, and basic statistical analysis account for about 44%, 20%, and 25% respectively. The integration of spatial technologies and ML are pivotal to the development of robust drought monitoring and drought prediction systems, especially in Africa, which is considered as a drought-prone continent. The research gaps presented in this study can help prospective researchers to respond to the continental and regional drought research needs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Taylor, Peter J., Catherine Vise, Macy A. Krishnamoorthy, Tigga Kingston, and Sarah Venter. "Citizen Science Confirms the Rarity of Fruit Bat Pollination of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Flowers in Southern Africa." Diversity 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12030106.

Full text

Abstract:

The iconic African baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) has “chiropterophilous” flowers that are adapted for pollination by fruit bats. Although bat pollination of baobabs has been documented in east and west Africa, it has not been confirmed in southern Africa where it has been suggested that hawk moths (Nephele comma) may also be involved in baobab pollination. We used a citizen science approach to monitor baobab tree and flower visitors from dusk till midnight at 23 individual baobab trees over 27 nights during the flowering seasons (November–December) of 2016 and 2017 in northern South Africa and southern Zimbabwe (about 1650 visitors). Insect visitors frequently visited baobab flowers, including hawk moths, but, with one exception in southeastern Zimbabwe, no fruit bats visited flowers. Citizen science enabled us to substantiate preliminary conclusions about the relative importance of moth versus bat pollination of baobabs in southern Africa, with important implications for resource management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Vusumuzi Nani, Gwendoline. "A synthesis of changing patterns in the demographic profiles of urban street vendors in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-2).2016.11.

Full text

Abstract:

Street vending is a phenomenon that has been in existence for hundreds of years. It has since increased owing to economic challenges experienced, especially in developing countries. This article sought to highlight changing patterns in the demographic profiles of urban street vendors in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe through a desk research study. The aim was to sensitize local governments, particularly in Zimbabwe, to develop appropriate policies in line with changing patterns in the demographic profiles of urban street vendors. Findings revealed that there has been an increase in the number of single and married women in urban street vending; more young people have joined this practice and more educated people are also part of urban street vendors. The study concluded that street vending is a dynamic phenomenon with changes having been noticed in gender, marital status, age and level of education of urban street vendors. Recommendations were that local governments need to re-visit policies pertaining to planning for urban street vending in line with the changing circumstances. Keywords: changing patterns, urban street vending, dynamic phenomenon, qualitative analysis. JEL Classification: P25, C13

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Xulu, Peerbhay, Gebreslasie, and Ismail. "Unsupervised Clustering of Forest Response to Drought Stress in Zululand Region, South Africa." Forests 10, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070531.

Full text

Abstract:

Drought limits the production of plantation forests, notably in the drought-prone Zululand region of South Africa. During the last 40 years, the country has faced a series of severe droughts, however that of 2015 stands out as the most extreme and prolonged. The 2015 drought impaired forest productivity and led to widespread tree mortality in this region, but the identification of tree response to drought stress remains uncertain because of its spatial variability. To address this problem, a method that can capture drought patterns and identify trees with similar reactions to drought stress is desired. This could improve the accuracy of detecting trees suffering from drought stress which is key for forest management planning. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the utility of unsupervised mapping approaches in compartments of Eucalyptus trees with similar drought characteristics based on the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and to demonstrate the value of cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) resources for rapid landscape drought monitoring. Our results showed that calculating distances between pixels using three different matrices (Random Forest (RF) proximity, Euclidean and Manhattan) can accurately detect similarities within a dataset. The RF proximity matrix produced the best measures, which were clustered using Wards hierarchical clustering to detect drought with the highest overall accuracy of 87.7%, followed by Manhattan (85.9%) and Euclidean similarity measures (79.9%), with user and producer results between 84.2% to 91.2%, 42.8% to 98.2% and 37.2% to 94.7%, respectively. These results confirm the value of the RF proximity matrix and underscore the capability of automatic unsupervised mapping approaches for monitoring drought stress in tree plantations, as well as the value of using GEE for providing cost effective datasets to resource stricken countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Edossa, Desalegn C., Yali E. Woyessa, and Worku A. Welderufael. "Analysis of Droughts in the Central Region of South Africa and Their Association with SST Anomalies." International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 2014 (December 25, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/508953.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to characterise meteorological droughts in the Central Region of South Africa using Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and to examine if there is a relationship between drought and El Niño events. The SPEI was used to quantify the precipitation deficit over time and space across the catchment for the time-scales that are important for planning and management of water resources. Based on 12-month time-scale, the total number of drought events identified in the area using SPEI ranged between 13 and 20 during the period of analysis (1952–1999). Considering the effects of event magnitude and duration as severity parameters, the most severe drought event was identified during 1973 followed by 1995 based on 12-month time-scale. Moreover, it was also found that the number of moderate, severe, and extreme drought events identified by SPEI follows increasing trend with decade during the period of analysis. Results of Spearman’s rank correlation test revealed that the trends exhibited by mild (SPEI-3 and SPEI-6), moderate (SPEI-12), severe (SPEI-12), and extreme (SPEI-3) drought categories are statistically significant at 5% significance level. The study also revealed that drought events in the central region of South Africa are preceded by El Niño events in the tropical Pacific (Nino 3.4) with an average lag time of 8 months between the onsets of the two events. It was found that hydrological drought events in the study area lag behind meteorological drought events with an average lag time of 7.4 months. Findings of this study can be used to forecast drought events in the area for the proper planning and management of water resources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Dzomira, Shewangu. "Analysis of bank failures during financial tumult in Africa-Zimbabwe: A historical review." Journal of Governance and Regulation 3, no. 3 (2014): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v3_i3_c1_p1.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper describes the analysis of the bank failures phenomenon in Africa with a deep analysis of Zimbabwe scenario. The paper is based on historical research design which used analytical and comparative research approaches to study the bank failures phenomenon. To obtain the historical evidence the researcher consulted primary sources, secondary sources and running records. It was discovered and concluded that the failing of banks was attributed to liquidity and solvency problems as a result of flawed corporate governance standards, inadequate risk management, high levels of non-performing loans and speculative activities among a confluence of factors. It was therefore recommended that enterprise-wide risk management framework should be implemented without failing and adoption of Basel II/III on banking supervision and surveillance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Moyo, Bethwell, Sikhalazo Dube, and Philani Moyo. "Rangeland Management and Drought Coping Strategies for Livestock Farmers in the Semi-arid Savanna Communal Areas of Zimbabwe." Journal of Human Ecology 44, no. 1 (October 2013): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2013.11906638.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Drought management; Zimbabwe; Africa'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles