Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drought tolerance

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Drought tolerance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Drought tolerance"

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Passioura, J. B. "Drought and drought tolerance." Plant Growth Regulation 20, no. 2 (1996): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00024003.

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Nasaruddin, N., Muh Farid Bdr, Yunus Musa, et al. "Character Selection and Tolerance Screening Efectivity on Static Hydroponic Method Under Drought Stress in Rice." Agrotech Journal 5, no. 2 (2020): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/atj.v5i2.1349.

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This research was aimed to evaluate the efectivity of screening method and identification of tolerance screening selection character in statis hydroponic system towards drough stress. The research was carried out in Hydroponic Screenhouse Perdos Unhas, Tamalanrea, Makassar which throughout February-April 2020. This research was conducted in factorial design in nested patterns, where environment was the nested replication. Environments used were normal (0% PEG) and drought stress (10% PEG). Five rice varieties were used: Inpari 34, Ciherang, IR29 and Jeliteng. Research result showed that canopy height and fresh weight were the suitable selection character in drought tolerance screening through statis hydroponic cultivation. Grouping consistency was found between drought and salinity stress. Inpari 34, Ciherang, Jeliteng and Inpari 29 was considered to be have drought tolerance, whilst IR29 was examined to be responsive to drough stress in hydroponic culture. From the overall result, it can be concluded that hydroponic screening and PEG application was quite effective in rice drought stress tolerance screening
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Bapela, Theresa, Hussein Shimelis, Toi John Tsilo, and Isack Mathew. "Genetic Improvement of Wheat for Drought Tolerance: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities." Plants 11, no. 10 (2022): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101331.

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Wheat production and productivity are challenged by recurrent droughts associated with climate change globally. Drought and heat stress resilient cultivars can alleviate yield loss in marginal production agro-ecologies. The ability of some crop genotypes to thrive and yield in drought conditions is attributable to the inherent genetic variation and environmental adaptation, presenting opportunities to develop drought-tolerant varieties. Understanding the underlying genetic, physiological, biochemical, and environmental mechanisms and their interactions is key critical opportunity for drought tolerance improvement. Therefore, the objective of this review is to document the progress, challenges, and opportunities in breeding for drought tolerance in wheat. The paper outlines the following key aspects: (1) challenges associated with breeding for adaptation to drought-prone environments, (2) opportunities such as genetic variation in wheat for drought tolerance, selection methods, the interplay between above-ground phenotypic traits and root attributes in drought adaptation and drought-responsive attributes and (3) approaches, technologies and innovations in drought tolerance breeding. In the end, the paper summarises genetic gains and perspectives in drought tolerance breeding in wheat. The review will serve as baseline information for wheat breeders and agronomists to guide the development and deployment of drought-adapted and high-performing new-generation wheat varieties.
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Maréchaux, Isabelle, Megan K. Bartlett, Philippe Gaucher, Lawren Sack, and Jérôme Chave. "Causes of variation in leaf-level drought tolerance within an Amazonian forest." Journal of Plant Hydraulics 3 (January 31, 2016): e004. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/jph.2016.e004.

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Amazonian tree communities have already been seriously impacted by extreme natural droughts, and intense droughts are predicted to increase in frequency. However, our current knowledge of Amazonian tree species’ responses to water stress remains limited, as plant trait databases include few drought tolerance traits, impeding the application and predictive power of models. Here we explored how leaf water potential at turgor loss point (πtlp), a determinant of leaf drought tolerance, varies with species life history, season, tree size and irradiance within a forest in French Guiana. First, we provided a further direct validation of a rapid method of πtlp determination based on osmometer measurements of leaf osmotic potential at full hydration for five Amazonian tree species. Next, we analysed a dataset of 131 πtlp values for a range of species, seasons, size (including saplings), and leaf exposure. We found that early-successional species had less drought-tolerant leaves than late-successional species. Species identity was the major driver of πtlp variation, whereas season, canopy tree size and leaf exposure explained little variation. Shifts in πtlp from saplings to canopy trees varied across species, and sapling leaf drought tolerance was a moderate predictor of canopy tree leaf drought tolerance. Given its low within-species variability, we propose that πtlp is a robust trait, and is useful as one index of species’ drought tolerance. We also suggest that measuring this trait would considerably advance our knowledge on leaf drought tolerance in hyperdiverse communities and would thus likely shed light on the resilience of such vulnerable species-rich ecosystem.
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Safonova, Irina, and Nikolay Aniskov. "Index assessment of drought resistance of promising varieties of diploid winter rye in contrastive growing conditions." Agrarian Bulletin of the 236, no. 07 (2023): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-236-07-32-45.

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Abstract. Winter rye is grown in a variety of soil and climatic conditions, which indicates the evolutionary resistance to the action of abiotic stressors. Due to periodic spring-summer droughts in the conditions of the North-West region of the Russian Federation, the problem of drought tolerance in rye is of particular importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate 13 winter diploid rye collection varieties for drought tolerance and adaptability in the Northwestern region of the Russian Federation and to identify the most promising ones. Methods. Experiments were laid from 2018 to 2022 in a field plot located in the Northwestern region. To determine the drought tolerance of varieties we used indices: average productivity (AP), endurance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI), drought tolerance index (DI), tolerance index (STI), geometric average productivity (GAP), drought tolerance index (DSI), agronomic drought tolerance (Adt), degree of yield reduction (X3). To calculate adaptability, the following indicators were used: d% - yield range in %, V% - coefficient of variation, Er – response effect, Ca – adaptability coefficient, Ci – intensity coefficient, d t/ha – yield range in t/ha. Results. The study years can be classified as drought years 2018, 2019, and 2022. The average yield in these years ranged from 3.6 t/ha for the variety Niva, to 4.99 t/ha for the variety Lota. Years 2020 and 2021 are favorable, with average yields ranging from 6.3 t/ha for the variety Niva, to 9.9 t/ha for the variety Ofeliya. The most drought-resistant varieties are Lota, Zubrovka, Talisman, Niva, Yaselʼda, the most adaptive are Zubrovka, Era, Ofeliya, Talisman, Yaselʼda. Of the listed methods of determining drought tolerance, we should pay attention to the Yield Stability Index (YSI) and Drought Tolerance Index (DI). To identify adaptability: the coefficient of adaptability (Ca) and the coefficient of intensity (Ci). Scientific novelty. Consists in a comparative assessment of yield drought tolerance and adaptability of winter rye varieties and identifying among them possessing a set of economically useful features and resistant to drought conditions of the North-West region.
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BONEA, Dorina. "Grain yield and drought tolerance indices of maize hybrids." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 2 (2020): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12210683.

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Drought is one of the major abiotic stress factors limiting crops production in Oltenia area, Romania. In order to study the response of six maize hybrids to drought stress, the trials were conducted in research field of ARDS Simnic – Craiova, during 2017-2018 (non-stressed conditions) and 2018-2019 (drought stress). Six tolerance indices including: abiotic tolerance index (ATI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), Stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), relative drought index (RDI) and golden mean (GM), were utilized on the basis of grain yield. Results from analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference in 1% of probability level among hybrids in terms of grain yield and tolerance indices. The yield in non-stress conditions (Yp) showed significant positive correlations with ATI, SSPI, STI and MP, and negative correlation with RDI and GM. The yield in drought conditions (Ys) showed significant positive correlation with RDI and GM, and negative correlation with ATI and SSPI. None of the tolerance indices used could identify the high yielding hybrids under drought and non-stress conditions. Based on the ranking method, the hybrids ‘Felix’ and ‘P 9903’ were the most droughts tolerant. Therefore, they hybrids are recommended to be grown under drought prone areas and to be used as parents for breeding of drought tolerance in other cultivars.
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Kondwakwenda, Aleck, Julia Sibiya, Rebecca Zengeni, and Cousin Musvosvi. "Aspects in breeding maize for drought tolerance: Progress and modern breeding approaches." April 2021, no. 15(04):2021 (April 10, 2021): 810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.04.p2779.

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Breeding for drought tolerance in plants is challenging because it is controlled by multiple genes. Grain yield, the trait of primary interest in maize, is characterized by low heritability, high genotype by environment interaction, and low variation under drought conditions, which further complicates selection. To circumvent these challenges, secondary traits that are highly correlated with grain yield are indirectly selected under drought conditions. Although considerable success in terms of yield gains under drought stress has been reported in both temperate and tropical maize breeding programmes, climate change exacerbated droughts coupled with high population growth necessitates continuous improvement of maize varieties. Understanding the genetics of associated secondary traits is essential in elucidating drought tolerance. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes conferring drought tolerance and the subsequent development of relevant molecular markers ushered in the era of molecular assisted breeding. There is empirical evidence that marker-assisted selection and genomic selection have great potential to increase the yield gains while comprehensive and accurate phenotyping using secondary traits remains the pillar of drought tolerance breeding
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Lukács, A., G. Pártay, T. Németh, S. Csorba, and C. Farkas. "Drought stress tolerance of two wheat genotypes." Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (2008): S95—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2008-swr.

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Biotic and abiotic stress effects can limit the productivity of plants to great extent. In Hungary, drought is one of the most important constrains of biomass production, even at the present climatic conditions. The climate change scenarios, developed for the Carpathian basin for the nearest future predict further decrease in surface water resources. Consequently, it is essential to develop drought stress tolerant wheat genotypes to ensure sustainable and productive wheat production under changed climate conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the stress tolerance of two winter wheat genotypes at two different scales. Soil water regime and development of plants, grown in a pot experiment and in large undisturbed soil columns were evaluated. The pot experiments were carried out in a climatic room in three replicates. GK Élet wheat genotype was planted in six, and Mv Emese in other six pots. Two pots were left without plant for evaporation studies. Based on the mass of the soil columns without plant the evaporation from the bare soil surface was calculated in order to distinguish the evaporation and the transpiration with appropriate precision. A complex stress diagnosis system was developed to monitor the water balance elements. ECH<sub>2</sub>O type capacitive soil moisture probes were installed in each of the pots to perform soil water content measurements four times a day. The irrigation demand was determined according to the hydrolimits, derived from soil hydrophysical properties. In case of both genotypes three plants were provided with the optimum water supply, while the other three ones were drought-stressed. In the undisturbed soil columns, the same wheat genotypes were sawn in one replicate. Similar watering strategy was applied. TDR soil moisture probes were installed in the soil at various depths to monitor changes in soil water content. In order to study the drought stress reaction of the wheat plants, microsensors of 1.6 mm diameter were implanted into the stems and connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for gas analysis. The stress status was indicated in the plants grown on partly non-irrigated soil columns by the lower CO<sub>2</sub> level at both genotypes. It was concluded that the developed stress diagnosis system could be used for soil water balance elements calculations. This enables more precise estimation of plant water consumption in order to evaluate the drought sensitivity of different wheat genotypes.
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Melick, DR. "Relative Drought Resistance of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii From Riparian Warm Temperate Rainforest in Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 4 (1990): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900361.

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The drought tolerances of the warm temperate rainforest species Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii were examined. Using pressure bomb techniques the tissue water relations of hardened juvenile and adult material were measured. T. laurina showed relatively little physiological drought tolerance in either the juvenile or adult plants, whereas A. smithii showed an increase in physiological drought tolerance in adult plants. Direct observations of droughted hardened 9-month-old seedlings revealed a relatively high leaf conductance in T. laurina seedlings with wilting becoming generalised after 9 days of droughting. All T. laurina plants rehydrated after 15 days of drought survived albeit with significant leaf abscission, but only 2 of the 5 plants rehydrated after 20 days of drought recovered and these were defoliated. Stomatal resistances were higher in droughted A. smithii seedlings and wilting did not become generalised until after 14 days of droughting. All A. smithii plants recovered when rehydrated after 20 days of droughting with little or no sign of leaf abscission. Leaves of T. laurina and A. smithii became scorched when subjected to temperatures of 50°C and 60°C respectively. The extent to which these differences delimit the distribution of these species in the relatively dry warm temperate rainforest communities of Gippsland in Victoria is discussed.
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Fort, Kevin, Joaquin Fraga, Daniele Grossi, and M. Andrew Walker. "Early Measures of Drought Tolerance in Four Grape Rootstocks." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 142, no. 1 (2017): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03919-16.

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Recent and severe droughts in major grape (Vitis)-growing regions of the United States and Australia underscore the importance of more efficient agricultural use of water. Grape rootstock breeding for increased drought tolerance could contribute to continued sustainable yields as fresh water supplies decline. Rhizotron containers were used in a greenhouse to investigate the predictive measures of drought tolerance in young grapevine rootstocks. Deeper rooting distributions were found for the drought-tolerant rootstocks ‘110R’ (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) and ‘Ramsey’ (Vitis champinii, a natural hybrid of Vitis candicans × V. rupestris) as opposed to shallower distributions observed in the more drought-sensitive rootstocks ‘101-14Mgt’ (Vitis riparia × V. rupestris) and ‘Riparia Gloire’ (V. riparia). Production of new roots during a 6-day nonirrigated period declined 45% to 53% for ‘Riparia Gloire’ and ‘101-14Mgt’, respectively, but showed no change in ‘110R’ and ‘Ramsey’. Slow growth, a hallmark of abiotic stress tolerance, was evident in the drought-tolerant rootstocks in their relatively slow shoot growth before drought stress and their relatively slow new root growth during recovery, especially for ‘Ramsey’. High stomatal conductance (gS) corresponded with drought tolerance and distinguished rootstocks best during the first 3 days of recovery, with a mean value for ‘Ramsey’ 2.7 times higher than ‘101-14Mgt’. Stomatal conductance during recovery may serve as the most efficient means of predicting drought tolerance capacity in a breeding program.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drought tolerance"

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Osman, Mohamoud, Albert Dobrenz, Haile Tewolde, and Robert Voigt. "Drought Tolerance in Pearl Millet." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200578.

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McDaniel, R. G., and A. K. Dobrenz. "Physiological Studies of Cotton Drought Tolerance." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208659.

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We evaluated an array of progeny of interspecific cotton crosses in the field. Significant water stress was placed on the plants in mid-summer by withholding water supplied by drip irrigation during plant development earlier in the season. A number of physiological measurements were carried out on selected individual plants of this population during the several week period of imposed drought stress. Overall results confirm that a large degree of variation exists within the population for all traits measured. Initial carbon isotope discrimination measurements suggest this trait may prove useful in estimating transpiration efficiency of cotton genotypes.
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BIANCHI, DAVIDE. "GRAPEVINE ROOTSTOCK CHARACTERIZATION FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/896313.

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Grapevine is worldwide grafted on rootstocks to create a biological barrier to the phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae). Despite the key role of rootstock in the adaptation to environmental conditions, a limited number of genotypes is available for winegrowers, showing a narrow genetic background. The gap between the importance of rootstocks in abiotic stress tolerance and their low genetic variability leads to consider rootstock breeding as a promising strategy to face climate change. In the last decades, new breeding programs were developed with the aim to provide new rootstocks able to cope with drought and other abiotic stresses. Nowadays, the continuous progress in genetic techniques can assist and accelerate the selection process of new tolerant genotypes. In the present PhD project, several genotypes at different stages in rootstock selection process were analyzed for drought tolerance. The first part of the thesis focused on 3 genotypes belonging to the recent M-series, the second part was about a new selection of 30 genotypes, coming from different breeding programs, and in the last part a breeding population of 141 genotypes was used for a genome wide association study (GWAS). The new M-rootstocks (M1, M3 and M4), recently placed on the market, were compared to traditional rootstocks, in order to better understand their behavior under drought. In a pot experiment under controlled conditions, M1, M3 and M4 were compared to nine rootstocks with different genetic background at decreasing levels of water availability. M-rootstock performance under water deficit was similar to the tolerant rootstocks 1103P and 110R, in both phenotypic and genetic responses to water stress. These rootstocks adopted a strategy of tolerance to face water stress, increasing the water use efficiency (WUE) under deficit conditions. To deeply investigate the behavior of tolerant rootstocks under drought, a second experiment in semi-controlled conditions was set up, comparing M4 to 1103P under progressive water deficit, in grafting combination with V. vinifera cv Pinot Blanc. Similar performances were reported by the two grafting combinations under mild to moderate water deficit, but a different response occurred under sever conditions: 1103P reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration, and carbon assimilation more than M4, which was able to preserve water use efficiency and operating efficiency of photosystem II. In the second part of the thesis 30 new selected genotypes were compared to rootstock M2 for water stress tolerance and nutritional status, in order to characterize the rootstock material before the marketing process and to identify new pre-breeding material. The experiment was carried out in un-grafted conditions for two years and in two experimental fields, characterized by different water availability. Several parameters were analyzed, such as transpiration, WUE, vigor, macronutrients and micronutrients in the leaves. Genotypes ranked for both abiotic stresses and the differences between the two sites allowed to estimate their plasticity for each trait. Finally, a GWA approach was applied on a breeding population, counting 141 genotypes, in order to identify the genomic regions involved in drought tolerance. The population was genotyped with a 18k SNP array, after the validation on non-vinifera germplasm, belonging to a rootstock core-collection of 70 genotypes. Three phenotyping cycles under increasing water deficit were performed on the breeding population under greenhouse-controlled conditions. Vigor, shoot growth rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf turgor were estimated for each genotype at different water deficit levels. A group of tolerant genotypes with high performance under water deficit condition was identified and used in GWAS approach to detect the loci associated to drought tolerance of rootstocks. In conclusion, this work enhanced the knowledge about rootstock response to water deficit, characterized the water tolerance of a large panel of rootstocks and identified potential target genes for future breeding programs.
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Rodriguez-Acosta, Maricela. "Ecophysiology and genetics of drought tolerance in Populus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436975.

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Cawley, Leigh Eric. "Pollutant nitrogen and drought tolerance in heathland plants." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341054.

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It has been suggested that pollutant nitrogen inputs adversely influence the response of heathland plants to certain climatic and biotic stresses. One specific hypothesis being that elevated nitrogen deposition may reduce drought tolerance in heathland vegetation. However, there is little evidence from field studies that this is the case. The aims of this research project have been firstly to establish the effects of increased nitrogen inputs upon plant water relations in certain dwarf heathland shrubs under winter and summer drought conditions. Secondly, to contribute to the understanding of how changes in plant water relations caused by increased inputs of nitrogen affects the growth, physiological perfonnance and consequent long tenn survival of heath land plant communities. Experimental field work was carried out at an existing upland site in Clwyd, North Wales near Ruabon from July 1995 to April 1999. Experimental work with potted plants was carried out in the glasshouse at Crewe, Octoberl995 to June 1997. A lowland field site at Budworth Common in Cheshire, consisting of twenty, 2 x 1 metre plots in a replicated random block layout was established by the author during March 1996, remaining a site of investigation until December 1998. At both the upland and lowland field sites the vegetation was dominated by Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. At Ruabon a twelve month study of shoot relative water contents in relation to soil moisture deficits was carried out on a monthly basis. Visible frost injury was surveyed and recorded each spring (April 1996 to April 1999). At Budworth Common (summer 1997), following 12 months of nitrogen applications (0, 20, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1yr-1 (NH4N03» a protracted period of drought was imposed on field plots by the use of drought shelters, these covered the whole of each plot.Comparisons were drawn between watered and droughted plants in the field. This was carried out by applying the equivalent summer rainfall for Budworth Common to one half (1m2) of every treatment plot and droughting the other half (1m2). Nitrogen treatments were continued at fortnightly intervals throughout. Budworth Common was used to study the impacts of elevated nitrogen and drought for a five month period from May to September 1997. Intensive experimental field work over the drought period recorded: weekly measurements of soil moisture deficits, shoot water potentials and shoot extension growth. Measurements of shoot relative water contents and infra red gas analysis were taken, the flowering period was recorded. During the post drought year (summer 1998) a spontaneous outbreak of Lochmaea suturalis (heather beetle) in the field plots showed the beetles to have a preference for high N treated Calluna. An increase in the competitive grass species Deschampsia jlexuosa was seen in droughted plots during summer 1998, particularly the high N treatments. As a result of experimental work carried out both in the field and laboratory this study has shown that elevated nitrogen does have detrimental impacts on the drought tolerance of certain heathland plants. Field work results compared positively with those obtained from the pot experiment. A higher incidence of visible frost and drought damage was recorded in high nitrogen plots. Lower soil moistures were recorded in high nitrogen plots. Measurements of shoot water potentials revealed that high nitrogen treatments under drought conditions exhibited more negative values than did low nitrogen plants. High nitrogen increased the number of early opening flowers under conditions of full water but in plants receiving high nitrogen and drought flowering was delayed. This study increases the understanding of the impacts of elevated nitrogen inputs on the water relations of heathland plants.
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Jesus, Cláudia Marisa de. "Salicylic acid and drought tolerance improvement in Eucalyptus." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13377.

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Mestrado em Biologia Aplicada<br>Covering approximately 20 million ha, Eucalyptus genus is the most widely planted hardwood trees all over the world. In the Mediterranean region, the positive performance of Eucalyptus plantations is conditioned by low water availability that strongly limits forest productivity and alters plant growth and development. Plant drought tolerance can be managed by adopting strategies such as exogenous application of hormones. Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant endogenous regulator of growth (PGR) that has been reported as a compound playing a key role in plants responses to drought. In this study, we investigated if the exogenous application of SA improves drought tolerance on E. globulus and how this treatment regulates plant response to stress. SA was applied by foliar application of 0.75, 2.5 and 5 mM solution of sodium salicylate three consecutive days before water-stress (WS) induction (plants daily watered at 15% field capacity). Additionally a well-watered group (WW, daily watered at 70%) was analysed, with the same SA pre-treatments. Control plants (WW and WS) were not treated with SA. The assessed morpho-physiological and biochemical traits were: water potential, lipid peroxidation, pigments content, total soluble sugars, phenols, Fv/Fm, gas exchange and contain of different PGRs (abscisic acid, ABA; indolacetic acid, AIA; dihydrozeatin riboside, DHZ; gibberellin GA4; isopentenyl adenine, IP; jasmonic acid, JA; salicylic acid, SA). Specific local dynamics of IAA and ABA in leaves was detected by their immunolocalization. The results showed that drought stress severely affected the plant physiology. On the other side, the performance of plants under water-stressed conditions showed a significant improvement after the foliar application of SA. Global quantification of PGRs didn’t show great differences between treatments, with the exception of SA, however local distribution of IAA and ABA in leaves was clearly affected. The efficiency of exogenous SA depended on the applied dose, with 5 mM being more effective to induce the drought tolerance. These positive effects were highlighted in water potential, gas exchange (CO2 assimilation rate) and lipid peroxidation. In the current global changes SA treatment could be very useful in breeding forest programs and can effectively ameliorate the negative effect of drought stress in Eucalyptus plants.<br>Eucalyptus é um dos géneros florestais mais plantados em todo o mundo, contabilizando aproximadamente um total de cerca de 20 milhões de hectares. Na região do Mediterrâneo, o desempenho das plantações de eucalipto é condicionado pela baixa disponibilidade de água que limita fortemente a produtividade florestal, afetando o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. O desenvolvimento de plantas tolerantes à seca pode ser conseguido através da adoção de estratégias de mitigação como a aplicação exógena de hormonas. O ácido salicílico (AS) é um regulador endógeno do crescimento de plantas, amplamente referido como um composto chave na resposta das plantas à seca. Neste estudo, investigamos se a aplicação exógena de SA melhora a tolerância à seca em Eucalyptus globulus e de que forma este tratamento regula a resposta da planta ao défice hídrico. AS foi aplicado por aplicação foliar de solução de salicilato de sódio nas concentrações de 0.75, 2.5 e 5 mM, três dias consecutivos antes da indução de stress hídrico (plantas mantidas a 15 % da capacidade de campo). Além disso, um grupo bem regado (diariamente regado a 70 % da capacidade de campo) foi analisado, com os mesmos pré-tratamentos de AS. Plantas controlo (15 e 70 %) não foram tratadas com AS. As características morfo-fisiológicas e bioquímicas foram avaliadas através dos seguintes parâmetros: potencial hídrico, peroxidação lipídica, conteúdo de pigmentos fotossintéticos, açúcares solúveis totais, fenóis, Fv/Fm, trocas gasosas e conteúdo de diferentes hormonas (ácido abscísico, ABA; ácido indol-3-acético, AIA; dihidrozeatina, DHZ; giberelina GA4; isopentenil adenina, IP, ácido jasmónico, JA; ácido salicílico, SA). Dinâmicas locais específicas do AIA e ABA nas folhas foram detetadas por imunolocalização. Os resultados mostraram que a seca afetou a fisiologia da planta. Por outro lado, o desempenho das plantas sob condições de stress hídrico apresentaram uma melhora significativa após a aplicação foliar de AS. A quantificação global de hormonas mostrou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos hídricos, com o aumento das hormonas ABA e JA em plantas sob défice hídrico. Relativamente aos tratamentos com AS, as plantas sob défice hídrico mostraram diferenças nas hormonas DHZ, GA4 e IP. A distribuição local de AIA e ABA nas folhas foi claramente afetada pela indução de stress hídrico. A eficiência da aplicação foliar do AS depende da dose aplicada, com a concentração 5 mM a mostrar-se mais eficaz na indução da tolerância à seca. Estes efeitos positivos foram destacados no potencial hídrico, na taxa de assimilação de CO2 e na peroxidação lipídica. Nas atuais mudanças globais, o tratamento AS poderá ser muito útil nos programas de melhoramento florestal, podendo efetivamente melhorar o efeito negativo do défice hídrico em plantas de eucalipto.
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Binase, Ntombikayise. "Novel gold nanoparticles of drought tolerance enabler GYY4137." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6986.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Different nanoparticles have the ability to improve plant tolerance to drought stress. In the study we report for the first time novel morpholin-4-ium 4-methoxyphenyl (morpholino) phosphinodithioate capped- gold nanoparticles (GYY4137-capped AuNPs). The GYY4137 is a slow releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor. The GYY4137 AuNPs compared to preliminary experiments of L-serine and L-threonine gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared using a simple reflux reduction method in a rolling boil flask at 80 oC. The uncapped GYY4137-AuNPs were relatively stable and had surface plasmon resonance at 562 nm compared to 524 nm and 560 nm of serine-AuNPs and threonine-AuNPs. The nanoparticles were capped with different concentrations (0.1-5 %) of water-soluble poly (ethylene) glycol (PEG) (Mw300) and 0.2% chitosan. The PEG did not fully encapsulate the gold nanoparticles, while the chitosan successfully produced positively charged gold nanoparticles. The formation of chitosan capped GYY4137-AuNPs were verified with UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Dynamic Light scattering (DLS) and the Zetasizer. The UV-Vis, HRTEM and STEM verified chitosan capped nanoparticles had a surface plasmon resonance peak at 560 nm, with icosahedral, tetrahedron and spherical shaped nanoparticles as the serine-AuNPs that absorb at 560 nm. The agglomerated threonine-AuNPs had a maximum absorbance peak at 524 nm. The chitosan GYY4137-AuNPs had hydrodynamic size of 347.9 nm and zeta potential of + 47 mV, while serine-AuNPs and threonine-AuNPs had hydrodynamic size of 110 nm, zeta potential of -2.9 mV and -230 mV respectively. The polydispersity index (PDI) of the chitosan capped gold nanoparticles was 0.357 compared to 0.406 of both the amino acid gold nanoparticles. The polydispersity index (PDI) showed that the nanoparticles were polydispersed nanoparticles with broad size range as confirmed by the HRTEM and STEM results/ of chitosan capped GYY4137-AuNPs. The sizes of the nanoparticles were 100 nm and 60 nm for GYY4137-AuNPs while the size serine-AuNPs were 60 nm. The gold nanoparticles structural compositions were further confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). EDX results proved successful gold nanoparticles synthesis by presence of the element Au in all three nanoparticles and the chitosan GYY4137-AuNPs had 48. 56 wt. % of gold. The FTIR-ATR new bands formation shows that new chemical bonds are formed between the reducing agents, the precursor gold salt solution and capping agents. The shifts showed successful encapsulation with chitosan in GYY4137-AuNPs. The chitosan encapsulation improved surface charge and reactivity of the gold nanoparticles to improve delivery of the hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137 for later applications to plants.<br>2021-08-01
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Cominelli, E. "PLANT TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT: MODULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150909.

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Water scarcity is a serious problem that will be exacerbated by global climate change. Massive quantities of water are used in agriculture, and abiotic stresses, especially drought and increased salinity, are primary causes of crop loss worldwide. Various approaches may be adopted to consume less water in agriculture, one of them being the development of plants that use less water yet maintain high yields in conditions of water scarcity. In recent years several molecular networks concerned with stress perception, signal transduction and stress responses in plants have been elucidated. In this PhD thesis the various approaches used so far to produce transgenic plants having improved tolerance to abiotic stresses, and criteria for choosing which genes and promoters have been used to obtain successful results are discussed. Then research results on the promoter of the Arabidopsis AtMYB60 gene, specifically expressed in guard cells and on the promoter of the Arabidopsis AtMYB41 gene, specifically expressed in response to abiotic stresses, are presented. The AtMYB60 promoter was characterised through serial deletion and mutagenesis analysis and some DOF-binding sites, fundamental cis-elements for the specific activity of this promoter in guard cells were identified. Through analysis of transegnic plants carrying the AtMYB41 promoter fused to a reporter gene specific response to drought stress was confirmed.
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Albertini, A. "PLANT TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT: MODULATION OF STOMATAL MOVEMENTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/214277.

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Plants are continuously exposed to several types of abiotic and biotic stresses. As sessile organisms, the mechanisms developed by plants to respond to those stresses are extremely vital for the plant growth and survival. Drought is one of the most common environmental stresses to which plants are exposed and the major cause of losses in crop production throughout the world. One of the primary plant response against water loss and dehydration is reducing the transpiration from the leaves by the closure of stomatal pores, guard cells in fact sense and respond to the environmental changes by the activation of complex intracellular signalling cascades followed by a variation of their turgor pressure and volume. Thus, understanding the complex mechanisms that control the opening and closure of stomata represents an attractive goal. In this PhD thesis the results obtained by the analysis of two Arabidopsis genes involved in stomatal movements, AtMYB60 and γVPE, are presented. The approach performed to characterise putative targets of AtMYB60, a transcription factor specifically expressed in guard cells, was described. Then, the AtMYB60 promoter was characterised through serial deletion and mutagenesis analysis and some DOF-binding sites were identified as fundamental cis-elements for the specific activity of this promoter in guard cells. Finally, the improved tolerance to water stress of γvpe plant was reported and the phenotypic alteration of the mutant in stomatal aperture was described.
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ABIDO, MOHAMMAD SULEIMAN. "MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS OF ALEPPO AND BRUTIA PINE SEEDLINGS UNDER TWO DIFFERENT MOISTURE REGIMES (SYRIA, AFFORESTATION, CHLOROPLASTS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188171.

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The mechanism of drought resistance in the seedlings of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) and Brutia pine (Pinus brutia) was investigated. Both species showed anatomical and morphological adaptations to conserve moisture. Aleppo pine had a thicker cuticle, fewer stomata per unit length, per unit area, and per needle than Brutia pine. A significant number of Aleppo pine stomata were sealed with a waxy layer. Brutia pine had shorter needles, smaller needle surface area, a smaller surface area-to-volume ratio, and longer main root length. The two species were similar in height growth and in the seasonal trend of total non-structural carbohydrates (reducing sugars and starch). Brutia pine had more reducing sugars and less starch in its shoots than Aleppo pine. The latter had a greater amount of total non-structural carbohydrates and starch when the seedlings were subjected to dry down moisture stress. Electron microscopy techniques were used to monitor ultrastructural changes in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells. Aleppo pine was found to contain chloroplasts exhibiting water stress-related damage at a relative water content of 62 percent, where as Brutia pine chloroplasts were disrupted. It is suggested that future investigations examine the physiological manifestation of drought mechanism at the cellular and molecular levels of both species.
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Books on the topic "Drought tolerance"

1

Royal Horticultural Society (Great Britain), ed. Drought-resistant gardening. Dorling Kindersley, 1999.

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Filippi, Olivier. The dry gardening handbook: Plants and practices for a changing climate. Thames & Hudson, 2008.

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Kumar, Ashwani, Pooja Dhansu, and Anita Mann, eds. Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Plants. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4669-3.

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Hossain, Mohammad Anwar, Shabir Hussain Wani, Soumen Bhattacharjee, David J. Burritt, and Lam-Son Phan Tran, eds. Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32423-4.

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Hossain, Mohammad Anwar, Shabir Hussain Wani, Soumen Bhattacharjee, David J. Burritt, and Lam-Son Phan Tran, eds. Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 1. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28899-4.

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Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, and Mohsin Tanveer, eds. Salt and Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40277-8.

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A, Jenks Matthew, and Wood Andrew J, eds. Plant desiccation tolerance. Blackwell Pub., 2007.

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Jean-Marcel, Ribaut, ed. Drought adaptation in cereals. Food Products Press, 2006.

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M, Hasegawa Paul, Jain S. Mohan, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Advances in Molecular Breeding Towards Salinity and Drought Tolerance. Springer, 2007.

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Nold, Robert. High and dry: Gardening with cold-hardy dryland plants. Timber Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drought tolerance"

1

Ortiz, Rodomiro. "Drought Tolerance." In Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37048-9_5.

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Passioura, J. B. "Drought and drought tolerance." In Drought Tolerance in Higher Plants: Genetical, Physiological and Molecular Biological Analysis. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1299-6_1.

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Bartels, Dorothea, and Jonathan Phillips. "Drought Stress Tolerance." In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02391-0_8.

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Senthilkumar, M., N. Amaresan, and A. Sankaranarayanan. "Drought Tolerance Efficiency." In Springer Protocols Handbooks. Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1080-0_40.

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Scheibe, Renate, and Erwin Beck. "Drought, Desiccation, and Oxidative Stress." In Plant Desiccation Tolerance. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19106-0_11.

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Ribaut, Jean-Marcel, Javier Betran, Philippe Monneveux, and Tim Setter. "Drought Tolerance in Maize." In Handbook of Maize: Its Biology. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79418-1_16.

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Barker, T., H. Campos, M. Cooper, et al. "Improving Drought Tolerance in Maize." In Plant Breeding Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470650301.ch7.

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Rajabi, Abazar, and Eric Schmieder Ober. "Breeding for Improved Drought Tolerance." In Crop Production for Agricultural Improvement. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4116-4_3.

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Badu-Apraku, Baffour, and M. A. B. Fakorede. "Breeding Maize for Drought Tolerance." In Advances in Genetic Enhancement of Early and Extra-Early Maize for Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64852-1_11.

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Ahmed, Muhammad Mahmood, Muhammad Waseem Akram, and Zulfiqar Ali. "Breeding Cotton for Drought Tolerance." In Cotton Breeding and Biotechnology. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003096856-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drought tolerance"

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Yonts, C. Dean, and Robert G. Wilson. "Drought tolerance of sugarbeet." In 33rd Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2005.26.

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Yurchenko, S. A., and T. L. Korotenko. "Screening of the rice gene pool for tolerance to environmental stressors." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-83.

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The genetic diversity of the species O. sativa from the collection of the Federal Research Center for Rice was assessed for tolerance to stress factors: low positive temperatures during germination and drought during the flowering phase in Kuban. 120 varieties from Russia, Philippines, China, Vietnam, Thailand and India were studied. Fifteen cold-resistant rice varieties and 22 drought tolerant forms were identified
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Tarkalson, David D., Imad Eujayl, Werner Beyer, and Bradley A. King. "DROUGHT TOLERANCE SELECTION IN SUGAR BEET." In 37th Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2013.88.

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Aminian, Roghayeh, Mahmood Khodambashi, Mehrab Yadegari, Kamel Ariffin Mohd Atan, and Isthrinayagy S. Krishnarajah. "Drought Tolerance Indices Study in Common Bean." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY 2007: ICMB07. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2883857.

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Terletskaya, N. V., N. A. Altaeva, and A. N. Zorbekova. "Alloplasmic lines of wheat. Photosynthesis and drought tolerance." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-431.

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Mikhailov, Mihail. "Inheritance of drought tolerance in maize backcross generations." In XIth International Congress of Geneticists and Breeders from the Republic of Moldova. Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Moldova State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/cga11.2021.083.

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"Raffinose: a sweet solution for grapevine drought tolerance." In Open-GPB. International Viticulture and Enology Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58233/g5ubnek0.

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Maksimchuk, Pavel, and Anna Ilunina. "ON METHODS OF MEASURING THE IMPACT OF DRAUGHT ON PINUS SYLVESTRIS." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_177-179.

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Drought periods can be responsible for substantial damage in forests. Different studies have used empirical methods to measure the impact of drought on trees. More recently, huge advances in genomics have allowed finding potential genetic markers involved in drought resistance or tolerance. In this paper we review some empirical and genomic approaches that have been discussed by the scientists of Technische Universität of München (Germany) and National Institute of Agricultural Research (France). We suggest that a combination of these two types of approaches allows a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to drought resistance or tolerance.
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"Alternative Approach for Drought Tolerance; Seed Priming and Physiology." In International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Emirates Research Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub.er915050.

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"Alloplasmic wheat lines, their photosynthetic activity and drought-tolerance." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-192.

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Reports on the topic "Drought tolerance"

1

Olszewski, Neil, and David Weiss. DELLA, ABA and drought tolerance in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600021.bard.

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Thorp, Emily. Drought Tolerance in Soybean: Methods for Improvement. Iowa State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-571.

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Christopher Hendrickson, Christopher Hendrickson. Genetics of gypsum-endemism and drought tolerance in Sporobolus grass. Experiment, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/7085.

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Grene Alscher, Ruth, Jonathan Gressel, Carole Cramer, Abraham Warshawsky, and Elizabeth Grabau. Mechanisms of Oxidant Resistance in Weed and Crop Species. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613041.bard.

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A large body of evidence has accumulated showing that plant strains that are tolerant to a particular oxidant stress have a modicum of cross-tolerance to other oxidant stresses, whether caused by transient heat, drought, cold or oxidizing air pollutants or herbicides. We have studied a multienzyme scavenging system associated with oxidant tolerance at the metabolic and molecular levels in the model systems of pea and Conyza. Data from our experimental systems suggest that both development and subcellular compartmentalization play important roles in stress tolerance. The behavior of the chloroplast may differ from that of the cytosol. Further study of these controls is needed to acquire the understanding needed to generate oxidant stress tolerant field crops.
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Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra, and Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.

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Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.
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Barg, Rivka, Kendal D. Hirschi, Avner Silber, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Yechiam Salts, and Marla Binzel. Combining Elevated Levels of Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturation and Vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase Activity for Improved Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7613877.bard.

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Background to the topic: In previous works we have shown that Arabidopsis and tomato over-expressing H+-pyrophosphatase show increased tolerance to drought imposed by withholding irrigation of young plants in pots (Park et al. 2005). In addition, young tobacco plants over-expressing fatty acid desaturase 3 (OEX-FAD3) also showed increasing tolerance to drought stress (Zhang et al 2005), and similarly OEX-FAD3 young tomato plants (unpublished data from ARO), hence raising the possibility that pyramiding the two could further improve drought tolerance in tomato. Based on these findings the specific objects originally set were: 1. To analyze the impact of pyramiding transgenes for enhanced fatty acid desaturation and for elevated H+-PPase activity on tomato yielding under water deficit stress conditions. 2. To elucidate the biochemical relationship between elevated desaturation of the membrane lipids and the activities of selected vacuolar transporters in the context of drought responses. 3. To explore the S. pennellii introgression lines as alternative genetic sources for drought tolerance related to enhanced fatty acid desaturation and/or H+-PPase activity. 4. Since OEX-FAD3 increases the levels of linolenic acid which is the precursor of various oxylipins including the stress hormone Jasmonate. (JA), study of the effect of this transgene on tolerance to herbivore pests was added as additional goal. The Major conclusions, solutions, and achievements are: (1) The facts that ectopic over-expression of vacuolarH+-PPases (in line OEX-AVP1) does not change the fatty acid profile compared to the parental MoneyMaker (MM) line and that elevated level of FA desaturation (by OEX-FAD3) does not change the activity of either H+-PPase, H+-ATPaseor Ca2+ /H+ antiport, indicate that the observed increased drought tolerance reported before for increase FA desaturation in tobacco plants and increased H+PPase in tomato plants involves different mechanisms. (2) After generating hybrid lines bringing to a common genetic background (i.e. F1 hybrids between line MP-1 and MM) each of the two transgenes separately and the two transgenes together the effect of various drought stress regimes including recovery from a short and longer duration of complete water withhold as well as performance under chronic stresses imposed by reducing water supply to 75-25% of the control irrigation regime could be studied. Under all the tested conditions in Israel, for well established plants grown in 3L pots or larger, none of the transgenic lines exhibited a reproducible significantly better drought tolerance compare to the parental lines. Still, examining the performance of these hybrids under the growth practices followed in the USA is called for. (3) Young seedlings of none of the identified introgression lines including the S. pennellii homologs of two of the H+-PPase genes and one of the FAD7 genes performed better than line M82 upon irrigation withhold. However, differences in the general canopy structures between the IL lines and M82 might mask such differences if existing. (4). Over-expression of FAD3 in the background of line MP-1 was found to confer significant tolerance to three important pest insects in tomato: Bordered Straw (Heliothis peltigera), Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Implications: Although the original hypothesis that pyramiding these two trasgenes could improve drought tolerance was not supported, the unexpected positive impact on herbivore deterring, as well as the changes in dynamics of JA biosynthesis in response to wounding and the profound changes in expression of wound response genes calls for deciphering the exact linolenic acid derived signaling molecule mediating this response. This will further facilitate breeding for herbivore pest and mechanical stress tolerance based on this pathway.
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Tsai, Chung Jui, Scott Harding, Michael Hahn, Gary Peter, and Shawn Mansfield. The dual effect of tubulin manipulation on Populus wood formation and drought tolerance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1416896.

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Fromm, Hillel, Michael V. Mickelbart, Yaakov Tadmor, and Paul Michael Hasegawa. Controlling water use efficiency and drought tolerance through the GTL1-SDD1 stomatal density switch. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598172.bard.

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Fromm, Hillel, Paul Michael Hasegawa, and Aaron Fait. Calcium-regulated Transcription Factors Mediating Carbon Metabolism in Response to Drought. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699847.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the proposed research is to elucidate the transcription factors, genes and metabolic networks involved in carbon metabolism and partitioning in response to water deficit. The proposed research focuses on the GTLcalcium/calmodulinbindingTFs and the gene and metabolic networks modulated by these TFs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The specific objectives are as follows. Objective-1 (USA): Physiological analyses of GTL1 loss- and gain-of-function plants under water sufficient and drought stress conditions Objective 2 (USA / Israel-TAU): Characterizion of GTL target genes and bioinformatic analysis of data to eulcidate gene-network topology. Objective-3 (Israel-TAU): Regulation of GTLmediated transcription by Ca²⁺/calmodulin: mechanism and biological significance. Objective-4 (Israel-BGU): Metabolic networks and carbon partitioning in response to drought. Additional direction: In the course of the project we added another direction, which was reported in the 2nd annual report, to elucidate genes controlling drought avoidance. The TAU team has isolated a few unhydrotropic (hyd) mutants and are in the process of mapping these mutations (of hyd13 and hyd15; see last year's report for a description of these mutants under salt stress) in the Arabidopsis genome by map-based cloning and deep sequencing. For this purpose, each hyd mutant was crossed with a wild type plant of the Landsberg ecotype, and at the F2 stage, 500-700 seedlings showing the unhydrotropic phenotype were collected separately and pooled DNA samples were subkected to the Illumina deep sequencing technology. Bioinformatics were used to identify the exact genomic positions of the mutations (based on a comparison of the genomic sequences of the two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes (Columbia and Landsberg). Background: To feed the 9 billion people or more, expected to live on Earth by the mid 21st century, the production of high-quality food must increase substantially. Based on a 2009 Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, a target of 70% more global food production by the year 2050 was marked, an unprecedented food-production growth rate. Importantly, due to the larger areas of low-yielding land globally, low-yielding environments offer the greatest opportunity for substantial increases in global food production. Nowadays, 70% of the global available water is used by agriculture, and 40% of the world food is produced from irrigated soils. Therefore, much needs to be done towards improving the efficiency of water use by plants, accompanied by increased crop yield production under water-limiting conditions. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: We established that AtGTL1 (Arabidopsis thaliana GT-2 LIKE1) is a focal determinant in water deficit (drought) signaling and tolerance, and water use efficiency (WUE). The GTL1 transcription factor is an upstream regulator of stomatal development as a transrepressor of AtSDD1, which encodes a subtilisin protease that activates a MAP kinase pathway that negatively regulates stomatal lineage and density. GTL1 binds to the core GT3 cis-element in the SDD1 promoter and transrepresses its expression under water-sufficient conditions. GTL1 loss-of-function mutants have reduced stomatal number and transpiration, and enhanced drought tolerance and WUE. In this case, higher WUE under water sufficient conditions occurs without reduction in absolute biomass accumulation or carbon assimilation, indicating that gtl1-mediated effects on stomatal conductance and transpiration do not substantially affect CO₂ uptake. These results are proof-of-concept that fine-tuned regulation of stomatal density can result in drought tolerance and higher WUE with maintenance of yield stability. Implications: Accomplishments during the IS-4243-09R project provide unique tools for continued discovery research to enhance plant drought tolerance and WUE.
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Tschaplinski, T. J., G. A. Tuskan, and C. Wierman. Biochemical basis of drought tolerance in hybrid Populus grown under field production conditions. CRADA final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/639711.

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