Journal articles: 'Droughts – Zimbabwe – Matabeleland South Province'

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Frischen, Janna, Isabel Meza, Daniel Rupp, Katharina Wietler, and Michael Hagenlocher. "Drought Risk to Agricultural Systems in Zimbabwe: A Spatial Analysis of Hazard, Exposure, and Vulnerability." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030752.

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The devastating impacts of drought are fast becoming a global concern. Zimbabwe is among the countries more severely affected, where drought impacts have led to water shortages, declining yields, and periods of food insecurity, accompanied by economic downturns. In particular, the country’s agricultural sector, mostly comprised of smallholder rainfed systems, is at great risk of drought. In this study, a multimethod approach is applied, including a remote sensing-based analysis of vegetation health data from 1989–2019 to assess the drought hazard, as well as a spatial analysis combined with expert consultations to determine drought vulnerability and exposure of agricultural systems. The results show that droughts frequently occur with changing patterns across Zimbabwe. Every district has been affected by drought during the past thirty years, with varying levels of severity and frequency. Severe drought episodes have been observed in 1991–1992, 1994–1995, 2002–2003, 2015–2016, and 2018–2019. Drought vulnerability and exposure vary substantially in the country, with the south-western provinces of Matabeleland North and South showing particularly high levels. Assessments of high-risk areas, combined with an analysis of the drivers of risk, set the path towards tailor-made adaptation strategies that consider drought frequency and severity, exposure, and vulnerability.

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Thebe, Vusilizwe. "From South Africa with love: the malayisha system and Ndebele households' quest for livelihood reconstruction in south-western Zimbabwe." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 4 (November 9, 2011): 647–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000516.

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ABSTRACTIn the 1980s and early 1990s, sending remittances from South Africa posed major challenges for Ndebele migrants. As a result households receiving remittances only did so at irregular intervals. With increased diasporisation into South Africa, it was to be expected that new channels would open up. This article explores what is known as the malayisha system, its role and significance as an informal channel of remittances into Ndebele society. It argues that the system bridged the geographical gap between Matabeleland and Johannesburg, averting food insecurity and poverty for semi-proletarian households in Matabeleland. By facilitating the movement of goods and people between Matabeleland and South Africa, the system became instrumental in the quest of households to reconstruct their livelihoods after the destruction of their rural–urban-based livelihoods in Zimbabwe due to perennial droughts and ESAP. As a result, the services of omalayisha are highly sought-after, by both the migrant community in South Africa and households in Matabeleland.

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Mundagowa, P. T., P. T. Chimberengwa, and E. Chadambuka. "An evaluation of the perinatal mortality surveillance system in Gwanda District, Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe." South African Journal of Child Health 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajch.2020.v14i2.01659.

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Dube, Nqobizitha, Funa Moyo, Mkhokheli Sithole, Gracsious Ncube, Peter Nkala, Nevel Tshuma, Mandlenkosi Maphosa, and Clifford Mabhena. "Institutional exclusion and the tragedy of the commons: Artisanal mining in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe." Extractive Industries and Society 3, no. 4 (November 2016): 1084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2016.08.006.

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Mudonhi, Nicholas, and Wilfred Njabulo Nunu. "Traditional Practitioners and Nurses’ Perspectives on Traditional Medicine Utilisation During Antenatal Care in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe." Health Services Insights 14 (January 2021): 117863292110344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329211034462.

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Background: Traditional Health System has been reported to be the most accessible, affordable, and acceptable in resource-poor settings, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is utilised for different health needs, including pregnancy management. This study sought to explore traditional and Nurses’ perspectives on traditional medicine utilisation during antenatal care in Bulilima District, Plumtree, Zimbabwe. Methods: A qualitative survey was conducted on purposively selected nurses’ and snowballed traditional health practitioners who responded to unstructured interviews. Data were collected using a digital tape recorder, transcribed, and thematically analysed on Max Qualitative Data Analysis. Results: A total of 6 superordinate and 10 subordinate themes emerged from the collected and analysed data on both traditional practitioners and nurses. The superordinate themes associated with Traditional Medicine utilisation during pregnancy by women were: protective role, beliefs, shortening of labour, cleansing, accessibility, and collaboration between traditional practitioners and modern health practitioners. Nurses expressed their skepticism on the safety and efficacy of traditional medicine utilisation during pregnancy. Conclusion: Women utilise traditional medicines and remedies during pregnancy for different reasons, such as protection from evil spirits, foetus growth and shortening labour. There are concerns regarding their safety from the health service providers, although traditional practitioners share a different view. There is a need for investing in research that would ascertain the safety of these traditional medicines as this system has been a cheaper alternative for those who cannot afford or access modern health services.

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Mabhena, Dr Clifford, and Mr Funa Moyo. "Community Share Ownership Trust scheme and empowerment: The case of Gwanda Rural district, Matabeleland South Province in Zimbabwe." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 1 (2014): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-191117285.

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Gunda, L., E. Chikuni, H. Tazvinga, and J. Mudare. "Estimating wind power generation capacity in Zimbabwe using vertical wind profile extrapolation techniques: A case study." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 32, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2021/v32i1a8205.

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Only 40% of Zimbabwe’s population has access to electricity. The greater proportion of the power is generated from thermal stations, with some from hydro and solar energy sources. However, there is little investment in the use of wind for electricity generation except for small installations in the Eastern Highlands, as Zimbabwe generally has wind speeds which are too low to be utilised for electricity generation. This paper presents the use of vertical wind profile extrapolation methods to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind at different hub heights in Zimbabwe, using the Hellman and exponential laws to estimate wind speeds. The estimated wind speeds are used to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind. Mangwe district in Matabeleland South province of Zimbabwe was used as a test site. Online weather datasets were used to estimate the wind speeds. The investigation shows that a 2.5kW wind turbine installation in Mangwe can generate more than 3MWh of energy per annum at hub heights above 40m, which is enough to supply power to a typical Zimbabwean rural village. This result will encourage investment in the use of wind to generate electricity in Zimbabwe. Highlights Wind power utilisation is low in Zimbabwe. Vertical wind profile is estimated using extrapolation methods. Online weather data for soil and water analysis tool was used. Electricity can viably be generated from wind in Zimbabwe.

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Mutusva, Ronard, and Sindile Dlodlo. "‘Ngena ku Smart’." DANDE Journal of Social Sciences and Communication 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/dande.v2i1.32.

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This study brings out circumcision dilemmas and conflicts among the Xhosa people of Lortondale area in the Matabeleland North province of Zimbabwe. The problem befell this community immediately after 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted results from Kenya, Uganda and South Africa in Orange farm that circumcision can curb HIV transmission by 60% from female to male and thus attention was given to medical circumcision, which is known as ‘smart’. Family disunity and disintegration are some of the results of conflicts, within some families whose members shunned the traditional practice. Interviews and focus group discussions were employed in gathering primary data for this study. They allowed access to first-hand information from the Xhosa people themselves. On the same note, one of the researchers has worked closely with this community for a year in other HIV/AIDS programs. This counteracted the element of secrecy associated with the subject of circumcision among the Xhosa people which a number of scholars and news reporters fail to tackle and finally produce general results. Finally, a synergy is proposed as a way that restores peace and order in the society under study.

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Printer, Nkala Printah, and Mbuisa, B. "The Attitudes of Males towards Male- Circumcision in Matobo District of Zimbabwe with Special Reference to Gulathi Area in Matabeleland South Province." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 7 (2014): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-197197105.

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Marther, Sibanda Sindiso, Mapuva Jephias, and Tambura Prudence. "Assessing the Role of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Poverty Alleviation: A Case of Barn Mining Area, Ward 25 Matopo: Matabeleland South Province." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v9i2.16990.

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This paper sought to assess the role of artisanal and small-scale mining in poverty alleviation, focusing on Barn mining area ward 25 Matopo (Matabeleland South Province). The study adopted a mixed method approach in data collection, comprising the use of questionnaires, interview guides, observation tools and focus group discussions. The study found that ASM contributes to income generation and employment creation and has become a major source of livelihood in many mineral resource endowed areas of Zimbabwe. It was concluded that ASM as an economic activity has improved livelihoods as the income affords the miners an improved standard of life in addition to the ability to buy agricultural inputs and sending their children to school. However, several challenges associated with ASM were identified. These include lack of financial and institutional assistance, gold wars and other unfound agreements made between miners and claim owners. Loss of life in mine accidents, spread of sexually transmitted diseases are some of the negative impacts identified. The study recommended that for the benefits of ASM to be realised in terms of poverty alleviation, ASM activities should be decriminalized and financial support availed to miners.

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Maviza, Auther, and Fethi Ahmed. "Analysis of past and future multi-temporal land use and land cover changes in the semi-arid Upper-Mzingwane sub-catchment in the Matabeleland south province of Zimbabwe." International Journal of Remote Sensing 41, no. 14 (April 12, 2020): 5206–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2020.1731001.

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Ndlovu, Everson, Barend Prinsloo, and Tanya Le Roux. "Impact of climate change and variability on traditional farming systems: Farmers’ perceptions from south-west, semi-arid Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 12, no. 1 (September 21, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v12i1.742.

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Despite annual climate variability threats, traditional farming in semi-arid Zimbabwe remains entrenched in unproductive, rain-fed agricultural practices. Adaptation strategies by farmers are seemingly failing to mitigate climate impacts, as evidenced by annual crop and livestock losses. Matabeleland South Province was a thriving livestock and small grain-producing province in the 1970s. Today, the province relies heavily on humanitarian assistance from government and humanitarian agencies. Through literature review, observations and focus group discussions with 129 farmers, the qualitative study established the perceptions of farmers around climate variability impacts in the past 20 years in Mangwe, Matobo and Gwanda districts in Zimbabwe. The study (1) analysed changes in climate and weather patterns in the past 20 years; (2) analysed climate impacts on traditional farming systems in the past 20 years in Gwanda, Mangwe and Matobo districts in Zimbabwe; and (3) established farmers’ perceptions, experiences and their climate adaptive strategies. The findings showed that the farmers experienced annual heat waves, protracted droughts, chaotic rain seasons, frost and floods, which led to environmental degradation. Traditional farming systems or practices have been abandoned in favour of buying and selling and gold panning, among other alternative livelihood options, because of climate-related threats and misconceptions around the subject of climate change. Farmers fail to access timely and comprehensive weather forecasts, resulting in annual crop and livestock losses, as decision-making is compromised. Given that the smallholder farming system sustains the bulk of the population in Matabeleland South Province in Zimbabwe, climate education and capital investment is needed to change traditional farmer perceptions about climate change impacts on the farming practices. Increased climate awareness initiatives, establishment of village-based weather stations and the marrying of traditional farming climate knowledge to modern practices are highly recommended to enhance resilience to climate.

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Muzerengi, Tapiwa, and Happy M. Tirivangasi. "Small grain production as an adaptive strategy to climate change in Mangwe District, Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 11, no. 1 (October 23, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v11i1.652.

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This article assesses the feasibility of small grains as an adaptive strategy to climate change in the Mangwe District in Zimbabwe. The change in climate has drastically affected rainfall patterns across the globe and in Zimbabwe in particular. Continuous prevalence of droughts in Zimbabwe, coupled with other economic calamities facing the Southern African country, has contributed to a larger extent to the reduction in grain production among communal farmers, most of whom are in semi-arid areas. This has caused a sudden increase in food shortages, particularly in the Mangwe District, as a result of erratic rainfall, which has negatively affected subsistence farming. This article was deeply rooted in qualitative research methodologies. Purposive sampling was used to sample the population. The researchers used key informant interviews, focus group discussions and secondary data to collect data. Data were analysed using INVIVO software, a data analysis tool that brings out themes. The results of the study are presented in the form of themes. The study established that small grains contributed significantly to addressing food shortages in the Mangwe District. The study results revealed that small grains were a reliable adaptive strategy to climate change as they increased food availability, accessibility, utilisation and stability. Despite the significant contribution of small grains to addressing food shortages, there is a need for the government to come up with a vibrant small grains policy, and government support that is visible as well as market creation for small grains. The study further recommends that small grains in semi-arid areas can be a panacea to food insecurity in Zimbabwe.

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Ndhlovu, D. N., P. V. Makaya, and B. L. Penzhorn. "Tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in selected cattle herds of Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe." Onderstepoort J Vet Res 76, no. 2 (September 9, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v76i2.48.

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A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in 286 lactating cows and heifers at six properties in the smallholder and commercial sectors in Gwanda district of Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe. Eight tick species were identified: Amblyomma hebraeum, Hyalomma truncatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus zambeziensis and Rhipicephalus simus. Overall, 81.5 % of the cattle were tick infested; prevalence of tick-infested cattle was significantly higher on communal land (93.8 %) and recently claimed land (85.1 %) than on commercial farms. The mean tick load on infested cattle on communal land was significantly higher than in the other two sectors. Although 53 % of the sampled cattle had some degree of udder and teat damage, very few farmers (2.6 %) treated their cattle for these conditions. Udder damage was ca. two times and three times, respectively, more likely to occur in cattle on communal land compared to cattle on recently claimed land and commercial farms. The occurrence of R. appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis indicate that the cattle population in the study area is at high risk of a theileriosis outbreak, a tick-borne disease that has not been reported from this area.

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Chimberengwa, Pugie Tawanda, Nyasha Masuka, Notion Tafara Gombe, Mufuta Tshimanga, Lucia Takundwa, and Donewell Bangure. "Indoor household residual spraying program performance in Matabeleland South province, Zimbabwe: 2011 to 2012; a descriptive cross-sectional study." Pan African Medical Journal 20 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2015.20.27.4721.

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Muchena, Gladwin, Busisani Dube, Rudo Chikodzore, Jasper Pasipamire, Sivakumaran Murugasampillay, and Joseph Mberikunashe. "A review of progress towards sub-national malaria elimination in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe (2011–2015): a qualitative study." Malaria Journal 17, no. 1 (April 3, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2299-0.

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Bongo, Pathias P., and Siambabala B. Manyena. "From ‘government’ to ‘governance’: Tensions in disaster-resilience leadership in Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.188.

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This article examines the challenges that disaster leadership faces to move away from a top-down, command-and-control style to distributed leadership. The article challenges the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction which appears to be silent on leadership and instead emphasises ‘good governance’ to enhance organisational and institutional capacity for disaster resilience. We posit that leadership is an indispensable component of good governance, and not emphasising it could be tantamount to a gross underestimation of disaster policy and practice. Using the data from participatory action research that was conducted in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe, the findings reveal some tensions in shifting from command and control to distributed leadership in disaster-risk reduction, which has implications for the shift from government to governance in disaster risks. More importantly, this study reiterates the blurred distinctions between disaster-risk reduction and sustainable development. Thus, unless well-known, sustainable development challenges are addressed – particularly community-based leadership, good governance, the integration of local knowledge, empowerment and ownership of development programmes – shifting from government to disaster governance is likely to continue facing challenges.

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Chimberengwa, Pugie T., and Mergan Naidoo. "A description of community-based participatory research of hypertension awareness, prevention and treatment in a district of Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.1839.

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Gona, Philimon N., Clara M. Gona, Vasco Chikwasha, Clara Haruzivishe, Sowmya R. Rao, and Chabila C. Mapoma. "Oral rehydration solution coverage in under 5 children with diarrhea: a tri-country, subnational, cross-sectional comparative analysis of two demographic health surveys cycles." BMC Public Health 20, no. 1 (November 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09811-1.

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Abstract Background More than 3 million children under 5 years in developing countries die from dehydration due to diarrhea, a preventable and treatable disease. We conducted a comparative analysis of two Demographic Health Survey (DHS) cycles to examine changes in ORS coverage in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi. These surveys are cross-sectional conducted on a representative sample of the non-institutionalized individuals. Methods The sample is drawn using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with census enumeration areas, typically, selected first as primary sampling units (PSUs) and then a fixed number of households from each PSU. We examined national and sub-regional prevalence of ORS use during a recent episode of diarrhea (within 2 weeks of survey) using DHSs for 2007–2010 (1st Period), and 2013–2016 (2nd Period). Weighted proportions of ORS were obtained and multivariable- design-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to obtain Odds Ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and weighted proportions of ORS coverage. Results Crude ORS coverage increased from 21.0% (95% CI: 17.4–24.9) in 1st Period to 40.5% (36.5–44.6) in 2nd Period in Zimbabwe; increased from 60.8% (56.1–65.3) to 64.7% (61.8–67.5) in Zambia; and decreased from 72.3% (68.4–75.9) to 64.6% (60.9–68.1) in Malawi. The rates of change in coverage among provinces in Zimbabwe ranged from 10.3% over the three cycles (approximately 10 years) in Midlands to 44.2% in Matabeleland South; in Zambia from − 9.5% in Eastern Province to 24.4% in Luapula; and in Malawi from − 16.5% in the Northern Province to − 3.2% in Southern Province. The aORs for ORS use was 3.95(2.66–5.86) for Zimbabwe, 2.83 (2.35–3.40) for Zambia, and, 0.71(0.59–0.87) for Malawi. Conclusion ORS coverage increased in Zimbabwe, stagnated in Zambia, but declined in Malawi. Monitoring national and province-level trends of ORS use illuminates geographic inequalities and helps identify priority areas for targeting resource allocation.. Provision of safe drinking-water, adequate sanitation and hygiene will help reduce the causes and the incidence of diarrhea. Health policies to strengthen access to appropriate treatments such as vaccines for rotavirus and cholera and promoting use of ORS to reduce the burden of diarrhea should be developed and implemented.

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Nyathi, Leoba, Augustine K. Tugli, Takalani G. Tshitangano, and Molyn Mpofu. "Investigating the accessibility factors that influence antenatal care services utilisation in Mangwe district, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 9, no. 1 (June 29, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v9i1.1337.

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Background: Maternal and infant mortality remains a huge public health problem in developing countries. One of the strategies to minimise the risks of both maternal and infant mortality is access to and utilisation of antenatal care (ANC) services.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the accessibility factors that influence the use of ANC services in Mangwe district.Methods: A qualitative approach using explorative design was adopted to target women who have babies under 1 year of age. The study was conducted in Mangwe district, Matabeleland South province, Zimbabwe. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations. Data saturation was reached after 15 women who were conveniently sampled were interviewed. Field notes were analysed thematically using Tech’s steps. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria ensured trustworthiness of the study findings.Results: Accessibility factors such as lack of transport, high transport costs and long distances to health care facilities, health care workers’ attitudes, type and quality of services as well as delays in receiving care influence women’s utilisation of ANC services in Mangwe district, Zimbabwe.Conclusion: The study concluded that women were still facing problems of unavailability of nearby clinics; therefore, it was recommended that the government should avail resources for women to use.Recommendations: Mangwe District Health Department should provide mobile clinics rendering ANC services in distant rural areas.

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Dube, Ernest. "Improving disaster risk reduction capacity of District Civil Protection Units in managing veld fires: A case of Mangwe District in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.143.

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This article analysed disaster risk reduction capacity of District Civil Protection Units (DCPUs) in managing veld fires in Mangwe District of Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe. Veld fires have resulted in unnecessary material, environmental and economic losses. Communities’ livelihoods and property have been destroyed, and the natural environment depleted. The research sought to improve disaster risk reduction capacity of DCPUs in managing veld fires, through new intervention strategies and a new model. The objectives of the study were to investigate the main causes of veld fires; to analyse their impacts; to examine the effectiveness of the current intervention strategies; and to identify challenges in implementing these interventions. Furthermore, the study sought to recommend new possible intervention strategies. This mainly qualitative study employed self-administered questionnaires, interviews and focus-group discussions. Questionnaires were used to investigate members of the DCPU’s ideas, views and experiences, interviews solicited perceptions of community leaders and their subjects, whilst focus-group discussions assisted with information from members of the District Civil Protection Planning Committee. Veld fires in the district are mainly caused by human activities, and they are prevalent during the months of September and October. They affect livelihoods and the natural environment the most. This study found that DCPUs are not prepared to manage veld fires and therefore recommended new strategies and adoption of the community-based disaster risk reduction model. The new strategies include involving community leaders and members of the communities in DCPUs; regular training and workshops to members of DCPUs on veld fire management; creation of fire protection associations; regular campaigns and rehearsal of emergency drills by the DCPU personnel; the introduction of competitions and incentives in veld fire management; vigorous public education on the erection of proper fireguards around homes, cattle pens, crop fields and vegetable gardens; and the imposition of stiffer penalties for carelessly or deliberately causing veld fires. Policy-makers, governments and stakeholders would benefit from the new intervention strategies. The community-based disaster risk reduction model would benefit researchers and disaster risk reduction practitioners.

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Muzerengi, Tapiwa, Ernest N. Khalema, and Emmanuel Zivenge. "The synergistic relationship between Amartya Sen entitlement theory and the systems theory in developing a food security implementation model in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe." Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 13, no. 1 (April 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v13i1.965.

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Dube, Ernest. "Environmental challenges posed by veld fires in fragile regions: The case of the Bulilima and Mangwe districts in southern Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.224.

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This original research confronted challenges to environmental management and sustainability posed by veld fires in the Bulilima and Mangwe Districts of Matabeleland in the South Province in southern Zimbabwe. Veld fires have affected the fauna and flora, polluted air and water, and destroyed livelihoods. The study aimed at establishing challenges to environmental sustainability posed by veld fires, identifying the type of environment upon which veld fires have impacted, analysing legal issues and other interventions surrounding the control of veld fires and suggesting new control measures for veld fires. A qualitative research design and quota sampling were used. The study involved 30 participants. Data was collected through a questionnaire, an interview guide and participant observation. Challenges to environmental management and sustainability posed by veld fires include property damage, reduced soil fertility, destruction of vegetation, air and water pollution and destruction of wildlife. Most veld fires are a result of human actions that emanate from the disposal of cigarettes, the burning of vegetation when preparing fields, the use of fire by hunters, smoking out bees and the making of fires by motorists along highways. The government should consider reviewing the current environmental statues. Fireguards should be wide enough to lessen veld-fire impact. Lastly, veld-fire campaigns and rehearsals should be run on a regular basis. It is hoped that this work would make a significant contribution through improving the current thinking about environmental management and sustainability, thereby benefiting policy makers, practitioners and stakeholders.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Droughts – Zimbabwe – Matabeleland South Province'

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