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Journal articles on the topic 'Droughts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Tan, Xuwei, Qian Zhao, Yanlan Liu, and Xueru Zhang. "DroughtSet: Understanding Drought Through Spatial-Temporal Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 27 (2025): 28440–48. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i27.35066.

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Drought is one of the most destructive and expensive natural disasters, severely impacting natural resources and risks by depleting water resources and diminishing agricultural yields. Under climate change, accurately predicting drought is critical for mitigating drought-induced risks. However, the intricate interplay among the physical and biological drivers that regulate droughts limits the predictability and understanding of drought, particularly at a subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) time scale. While deep learning has demonstrated the potential to address climate forecasting challenges, its a

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Jedd, Theresa, Deborah Bathke, Duane Gill, et al. "Tracking Drought Perspectives: A Rural Case Study of Transformations Following an Invisible Hazard." Weather, Climate, and Society 10, no. 4 (2018): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0067.1.

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Abstract Rural towns are especially susceptible to the effects of drought because their economies are dependent on natural resources. However, they are also resilient in many ways to natural hazards because they are rich in civic engagement and social capital. Because of the diverse nature of drought’s impacts, understanding its complex dynamics and its effects requires a multidisciplinary approach. To study these dynamics, this research combines appreciative inquiry, the Community Capitals Framework, and a range of climatological monitoring data to assess the 2012–14 Great Plains drought’s ef

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Teweldebirhan Tsige, Dawit, Venkatesh Uddameri, Farhang Forghanparast, Elma Annette Hernandez, and Stephen Ekwaro-Osire. "Comparison of Meteorological- and Agriculture-Related Drought Indicators across Ethiopia." Water 11, no. 11 (2019): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112218.

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Meteorological drought indicators are commonly used for agricultural drought contingency planning in Ethiopia. Agricultural droughts arise due to soil moisture deficits. While these deficits may be caused by meteorological droughts, the timing and duration of agricultural droughts need not coincide with the onset of meteorological droughts due to soil moisture buffering. Similarly, agricultural droughts can persist, even after the cessation of meteorological droughts, due to delayed hydrologic processes. Understanding the relationship between meteorological and agricultural droughts is therefo

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Chartier-Rescan, Corentin, Raul R. Wood, and Manuela I. Brunner. "Snow drought propagation and its impacts on streamflow drought in the Alps." Environmental Research Letters 20, no. 5 (2025): 054032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc824.

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Abstract Snow droughts, that is negative anomalies in annual snow storage, challenge water resources management in snow-rich catchments and their downstream regions because they can lead to succeeding streamflow droughts in the following melt season. Under continued global warming, snow droughts are expected to become more frequent and intense, which likely increases the occurrence of succeeding streamflow droughts. However, we still know little about the rate at which snow droughts propagate to subsequent streamflow droughts, the spatial patterns of these concurrent events, the influence of s

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Li, Zhuoyuan, Er Lu, Juqing Tu, and Dian Yuan. "Historical and Future Changes in Meteorological–Hydrological Compound Drought in China." Atmosphere 15, no. 12 (2024): 1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15121459.

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Drought is typically divided into meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic categories. Generally, the transition from meteorological drought to other types of droughts is known as drought propagation. When drought propagation occurs, different types of droughts may still exist simultaneously or successively. In this study, compound droughts are divided into three categories: hydrological meteorological compound drought (HMD), meteorological hydrological compound drought (MHD), and simultaneous compound drought (SD). ERA5 and CMIP6 data are used for analysis under historica

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He, Yuanhuizi, Fang Chen, Huicong Jia, Lei Wang, and Valery G. Bondur. "Different Drought Legacies of Rain-Fed and Irrigated Croplands in a Typical Russian Agricultural Region." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (2020): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111700.

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Droughts are one of the primary natural disasters that affect agricultural economies, as well as the fire hazards of territories. Monitoring and researching droughts is of great importance for agricultural disaster prevention and reduction. The research significance of investigating the hysteresis of agricultural to meteorological droughts is to provide an important reference for agricultural drought monitoring and early warnings. Remote sensing drought monitoring indices can be employed for rapid and accurate drought monitoring at regional scales. In this paper, the Moderate Resolution Imagin

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Lee, Sang-Min, Hi-Ryong Byun, and Hiroshi L. Tanaka. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought Occurrences over Japan." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 6 (2012): 1087–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0157.1.

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AbstractThe drought climate of Japan from 1902 to 2009 was analyzed using an effective drought index (EDI). Drought regions were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis using drought characteristics (duration, severity, and onset and end dates) obtained from 50 observation stations. The results indicated that droughts could be divided into four groups (G1–G4) that reflected the local climate. The four groups were related to precipitation as follows. The summer rainy season affected groups G2–G4, in which droughts occurred mainly during spring and summer and were relieved before and after t

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Liu, Kuan, Buliao Guan, Jiaqi Zhai, et al. "Characteristics and Lag Time of Meteorological Drought Propagation to Hydrological Drought in the Haihe River Basin." Sustainability 17, no. 11 (2025): 5134. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115134.

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Understanding the propagation dynamics from meteorological to hydrological droughts, particularly in regions heavily influenced by human activities, is essential for the effective monitoring and prevention of hydrological drought risks. This study focuses on the Haihe River Basin, investigating the evolution of meteorological and hydrological droughts using the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index and the Standardized Runoff Index, supplemented by run theory analysis. Using correlation analysis, we examine the propagation lag times between meteorological and hydrological dro

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9

Kim, Woon Mi, and Christoph C. Raible. "Dynamics of the Mediterranean droughts from 850 to 2099 CE in the Community Earth System Model." Climate of the Past 17, no. 2 (2021): 887–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-887-2021.

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Abstract. In this study, we analyze the dynamics of multi-year droughts over the western and central Mediterranean for the period of 850–2099 CE using the Community Earth System Model version 1.0.1. Overall, the model is able to realistically represent droughts over this region, although it shows some biases in representing El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability and mesoscale phenomena that are relevant in the context of droughts over the region. The analysis of the simulations shows that there is a discrepancy among diverse drought metrics in representing duration and frequencies of

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Bae, Hyedeuk, Heesook Ji, Yoon-Jin Lim, Young Ryu, Moon-Hyun Kim, and Baek-Jo Kim. "Characteristics of drought propagation in South Korea: relationship between meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts." Natural Hazards 99, no. 1 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03676-3.

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Abstract To investigate the propagation of meteorological droughts to agricultural and hydrological droughts, the relationship between droughts was analyzed using observed precipitation and agricultural reservoir and dam storage levels with SPI from 1998 to 2015 in South Korea. For the relationship between different types of droughts, we find that the occurrence of meteorological droughts after concentrated precipitation in the wet season (from June to September) tends not to lead to agricultural or hydrological droughts. A lack of precipitation from April to September, when large volumes of i

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Zhang, Linqi, Yi Liu, Liliang Ren, et al. "Analysis of flash droughts in China using machine learning." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 12 (2022): 3241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3241-2022.

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Abstract. The term “flash drought” describes a type of drought with rapid onset and strong intensity, which is co-affected by both water-limited and energy-limited conditions. It has aroused widespread attention in related research communities due to its devastating impacts on agricultural production and natural systems. Based on a global reanalysis dataset, we identify flash droughts across China during 1979–2016 by focusing on the depletion rate of weekly soil moisture percentile. The relationship between the rate of intensification (RI) and nine related climate variables is constructed usin

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Masih, I., S. Maskey, F. E. F. Mussá, and P. Trambauer. "A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 9 (2014): 3635–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014.

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Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of the available literature and information on droughts to build a continental, regional and country level perspective on geospatial and temporal variation of droughts in Africa. The study is based on the review and analysis of droughts occurred during 1900–2013, as well as evidence available from past centuries based on studies on the lake sediment analysis, tree-ring chronologies and written and oral histories and future predictions from the global climate change models. Most of the studies based on instrumental records indica

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Masih, I., S. Maskey, F. E. F. Mussá, and P. Trambauer. "A review of droughts in the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 3 (2014): 2679–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-2679-2014.

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Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of the available literature and information on droughts to build a continental, regional and country level perspective on geospatial and temporal variation of droughts in Africa. The study is based on the review and analysis of droughts occurred during 1900–2013 as well as evidence available from past centuries based on studies on the lake sediment analysis, tree-ring chronologies and written and oral histories and future predictions from the global climate change models. Most of the studies based on instrumental records indicat

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14

Burgdorf, Angela-Maria, Stefan Brönnimann, and Jörg Franke. "Two types of North American droughts related to different atmospheric circulation patterns." Climate of the Past 15, no. 6 (2019): 2053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2053-2019.

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Abstract. Proxy-based studies suggest that the southwestern USA is affected by two types of summer drought, often termed Dust Bowl-type droughts and 1950s-type droughts. The spatial drought patterns of the two types are distinct. It has been suggested that they are related to different circulation characteristics, but a lack of observation-based data has precluded further studies. In this paper, we analyze multi-annual summer droughts in North America back to 1600 in tree-ring-based drought reconstructions and in a global, monthly three-dimensional reconstruction of the atmosphere. Using clust

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15

Zhang, Yuqing, Qinglong You, Guangxiong Mao, Changchun Chen, Xin Li, and Jinhua Yu. "Flash Drought Characteristics by Different Severities in Humid Subtropical Basins: A Case Study in the Gan River Basin, China." Journal of Climate 34, no. 18 (2021): 7337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0596.1.

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AbstractIt is essential to assess flash drought risk based on a reliable flash drought intensity (severity) index incorporating comprehensive information of the rapid decline (“flash”) in soil moisture toward drought conditions and soil moisture thresholds belonging to the “drought” category. In this study, we used the Gan River basin as an example to define a flash drought intensity index that can be calculated for individual time steps (pentads) during a flash drought period over a given grid (or station). The severity of a complete flash drought event is the sum of the intensity values duri

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Tullu, Gezahegn Mergia, and Mekuanint Tariku Guta. "Effects of meteorological and agricultural droughts on crop production in Arsi Zone Ethiopia." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 6, no. 1 (2023): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v6i1.71943.

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Natural disasters, known as droughts, are mostly brought on by a prolonged decrease in precipitation levels. In the Arsi zone, there is an undiscovered study gap regarding the transmission of drought impacts and factors. The primary goal is to assess how crop output is affected by weather patterns and agricultural droughts while also offering direction for the research area. The Ethiopian Meteorology Institute provided meteorological data, and CHG-UCSB provided CHIRPS data for the years 1991 through 2020. Data on runoff and soil moisture were sourced from USGS FEWS NET between 1991 and 2020, w

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Ye, Lei, Ke Shi, Zhuohang Xin, Chao Wang, and Chi Zhang. "Compound Droughts and Heat Waves in China." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (2019): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123270.

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Droughts and heat waves both are natural extreme climate events occurring in most parts of the world. To understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of droughts and heat waves in China, we examine changes in droughts, heat waves, and the compound of both during 1961–2017 based on high resolution gridded monthly sc_PDSI and daily temperature data. Results show that North China and Northwest China are the two regions that experience the most frequent droughts, while Central China is the least drought-affected region. Significant drought decreasing trends were mostly observed Qinghai, Xinjiang

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18

Kim, Jong-Suk, Seo-Yeon Park, Joo-Heon Lee, Jie Chen, Si Chen, and Tae-Woong Kim. "Integrated Drought Monitoring and Evaluation through Multi-Sensor Satellite-Based Statistical Simulation." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (2021): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020272.

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To proactively respond to changes in droughts, technologies are needed to properly diagnose and predict the magnitude of droughts. Drought monitoring using satellite data is essential when local hydrogeological information is not available. The characteristics of meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts can be monitored with an accurate spatial resolution. In this study, a remote sensing-based integrated drought index was extracted from 849 sub-basins in Korea’s five major river basins using multi-sensor collaborative approaches and multivariate dimensional reduction models that

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19

Wendt, Doris E., John P. Bloomfield, Anne F. Van Loon, et al. "Evaluating integrated water management strategies to inform hydrological drought mitigation." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 10 (2021): 3113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3113-2021.

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Abstract. Managing water–human systems during water shortages or droughts is key to avoid the overexploitation of water resources and, in particular, groundwater. Groundwater is a crucial water resource during droughts as it sustains both environmental and anthropogenic water demand. Drought management is often guided by drought policies, to avoid crisis management, and actively introduced management strategies. However, the impact of drought management strategies on hydrological droughts is rarely assessed. In this study, we present a newly developed socio-hydrological model, simulating the r

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20

Crockett, Joseph L., and A. Leroy Westerling. "Greater Temperature and Precipitation Extremes Intensify Western U.S. Droughts, Wildfire Severity, and Sierra Nevada Tree Mortality." Journal of Climate 31, no. 1 (2017): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0254.1.

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Abstract Extensive drought in the western United States (WUS) during the twenty-first century and associated wildfire and tree mortality incidence has highlighted the potential for greater area of severity within widespread droughts. To place recent WUS droughts into a historical context, the authors analyzed gridded daily climate (temperature, precipitation, and climatic water deficit) data to identify and characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of the largest WUS droughts of the last 100 years, with an emphasis on severe cores within drought extents. Cores of droughts during the last 15 ye

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Brázdil, Rudolf, Petr Dobrovolný, Miroslav Trnka, Ladislava Řezníčková, Lukáš Dolák, and Oldřich Kotyza. "Extreme droughts and human responses to them: the Czech Lands in the pre-instrumental period." Climate of the Past 15, no. 1 (2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1-2019.

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Abstract. The Czech Lands are particularly rich in documentary sources that help elucidate droughts in the pre-instrumental period (12th–18th centuries), together with descriptions of human responses to them. Although droughts appear less frequently before 1501, the documentary evidence has enabled the creation of a series of seasonal and summer half-year drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI; Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI; Z index) for the Czech Lands for the 1501–2017 period. Based on the calculation of return period for series of drought indices,

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Katipoğlu, Okan Mert, Reşat Acar, and Serkan Şenocak. "Spatio-temporal analysis of meteorological and hydrological droughts in the Euphrates Basin, Turkey." Water Supply 21, no. 4 (2021): 1657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.019.

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Abstract In this study, the aim was to measure changes in the spatio-temporal distribution of a potential drought hazard area and determine the risk status of various meteorological and hydrological droughts by using the kriging, radial basis function (RBF), and inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation methods. With that goal, in monthly, three-month, and 12-month time periods drought indices were calculated. Spatio-temporal distributions of the droughts were determined with each drought index for the years in which the most severe droughts were experienced. According to the results, the

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Zhang, Xiangyang, Huiliang Wang, Zhilei Yu, et al. "Study on the Probability of Meteorological-to-Hydrological Drought Propagation Based on a Bayesian Network." Land 14, no. 3 (2025): 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14030445.

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With accelerating climate change, droughts have increased in frequency and exerted a substantial influence on socioeconomic factors. Under conditions of insufficient precipitation and high temperatures, meteorological droughts have the potential to develop into more intense hydrological droughts, and the independent impact of temperature factors on drought propagation has not been considered separately. This study constructed a Standardized Temperature Index (STI) and, combined with time-series datasets of standardized indices of precipitation and runoff (SPI and SRI), based on Bayesian networ

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Paez-Trujillo, Ana, Gerald A. Corzo, Shreedhar Maskey, and Dimitri Solomatine. "Model-Based Assessment of Preventive Drought Management Measures’ Effect on Droughts Severity." Water 15, no. 8 (2023): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15081442.

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Preventive Drought Management Measures (PDMMs) aim to reduce the chance of droughts and minimize drought-associated damages. Selecting PDMMs is not a trivial task, and it can be asserted that actual contributions to drought alleviation still need to be adequately researched. This study evaluates the effects of three potential PDMMs, namely, rainwater harvesting ponds, forest conservation, and check dams, on agricultural and hydrological drought severity. The Soil Water Assessment Tool is used for hydrological modeling and representing PDMMs. The threshold level method is applied to analyze dro

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Su, Lu, Qian Cao, Mu Xiao, et al. "Drought Variability over the Conterminous United States for the Past Century." Journal of Hydrometeorology 22, no. 5 (2021): 1153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0158.1.

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AbstractWe examine the drought variability over the conterminous United States (CONUS) for 1915–2018 using the Noah-MP land surface model. We examine different model options on drought reconstruction, including optional representation of groundwater and dynamic vegetation phenology. Over our 104-yr reconstruction period, we identify 12 great droughts that each covered at least 36% of CONUS and lasted for at least 5 months. The great droughts tend to have smaller areas when groundwater and/or dynamic vegetation are included in the model configuration. We detect a small decreasing trend in dry a

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Zhu, Kui, Yang Xu, Fan Lu, et al. "Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Propagation of Meteoro-Hydrological Drought in Yalong River Basin." Water 15, no. 6 (2023): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061025.

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Based on the meteorological and hydrological data of the Yalong River Basin from 1960 to 2019, meteorological and hydrological droughts were analyzed using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized runoff index (SRI); then, the spatio-temporal evolution and propagation characteristics of the droughts were studied on multiple time scales. The results showed that, firstly, on the annual scale, the frequencies of meteorological and hydrological droughts in the basin were 28.3% and 34.0%, respectively, in the past 60 years. From upstream to downstream, the lon

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Erfurt, Mathilde, Georgios Skiadaresis, Erik Tijdeman, et al. "A multidisciplinary drought catalogue for southwestern Germany dating back to 1801." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 11 (2020): 2979–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2979-2020.

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Abstract. Droughts are multidimensional hazards that can lead to substantial environmental and societal impacts. To understand causes and impacts, multiple perspectives need to be considered. Many studies have identified past drought events and investigated drought propagation from meteorological droughts via soil moisture to hydrological droughts, and some studies have included the impacts of these different types of drought. However, it is not certain whether the increased frequency and severity of drought events in the past decade is unprecedented in recent history. Therefore, we analyze di

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Kamruzzaman, Mohammad, Syewoon Hwang, Jaepil Cho, Min-Won Jang, and Hanseok Jeong. "Evaluating the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Agricultural Drought in Bangladesh Using Effective Drought Index." Water 11, no. 12 (2019): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122437.

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This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of agricultural droughts in Bangladesh during 1981–2015 using the Effective Drought Index (EDI). Monthly precipitation data for 36 years (1980–2015) obtained from 27 metrological stations, were used in this study. The EDI performance was evaluated for four sub-regions over the country through comparisons with historical drought records identified by regional analysis. Analysis at a regional level showed that EDI could reasonably detect the drought years/events during the study period. The study also presented that the overall drought

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Xiao, Jingfeng, Qianlai Zhuang, Eryuan Liang, et al. "Twentieth-Century Droughts and Their Impacts on Terrestrial Carbon Cycling in China." Earth Interactions 13, no. 10 (2009): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009ei275.1.

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Abstract Midlatitude regions experienced frequent droughts during the twentieth century, but their impacts on terrestrial carbon balance are unclear. This paper presents a century-scale study of drought effects on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China. The authors first characterized the severe extended droughts over the period 1901–2002 using the Palmer drought severity index and then examined how these droughts affected the terrestrial carbon dynamics using tree-ring width chronologies and a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). It is fou

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De Boeck, H. J., and H. Verbeeck. "Drought-associated changes in climate and their relevance for ecosystem experiments and models." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 1 (2011): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-463-2011.

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Abstract. Drought periods can have important impacts on plant productivity and ecosystem functioning, but climatic conditions other than the lack of precipitation during droughts have never been quantified and have therefore not been considered explicitly in both experimental and modeling studies. Here, we identify which climatic characteristics deviate from normal during droughts and how these deviations could affect plant responses. Analysis of 609 years of daily data from nine Western European meteorological datasets reveals that droughts in the studied region are consistently associated wi

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De Boeck, H. J., and H. Verbeeck. "Drought-associated changes in climate and their relevance for ecosystem experiments and models." Biogeosciences 8, no. 5 (2011): 1121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1121-2011.

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Abstract. Drought periods can have important impacts on plant productivity and ecosystem functioning, but climatic conditions other than the lack of precipitation during droughts have never been quantified and have therefore not been considered explicitly in both experimental and modeling studies. Here, we identify which climatic characteristics deviate from normal during droughts and how these deviations could affect plant responses. Analysis of 609 years of daily data from nine Western European meteorological stations reveals that droughts in the studied region are consistently associated wi

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Juma, Mwajuma, and Deogratias M. M. Mulungu. "Analysis of Drought Using Meteorological and Microwave Remote Sensed Data: A Case of Wami Watershed, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 37, no. 2 (2018): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v37i2.487.

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Agricultural sector is important for the economy of Tanzania, but in recent years there is decline in its growth and performance because of persistent droughts. An in-depth study of droughts was conducted on Wami watershed through rainfall and satellite microwave remote sensing data leading for estimates of meteorological droughts and soil moisture based droughts, respectively. Rainfall data during 1973-2008 was used to obtain Drought Severity Index (DSI) and active imaging microwave radar data during 1997-2009 from ESA’s SAR missions of ENVISAT and ERS was used to obtain soil moisture anomali

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Veijalainen, Noora, Lauri Ahopelto, Mika Marttunen, et al. "Severe Drought in Finland: Modeling Effects on Water Resources and Assessing Climate Change Impacts." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (2019): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082450.

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Severe droughts cause substantial damage to different socio-economic sectors, and even Finland, which has abundant water resources, is not immune to their impacts. To assess the implications of a severe drought in Finland, we carried out a national scale drought impact analysis. Firstly, we simulated water levels and discharges during the severe drought of 1939–1942 (the reference drought) in present-day Finland with a hydrological model. Secondly, we estimated how climate change would alter droughts. Thirdly, we assessed the impact of drought on key water use sectors, with a focus on hydropow

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Van Loon, A. F., and H. A. J. Van Lanen. "A process-based typology of hydrological drought." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 7 (2012): 1915–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1915-2012.

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Abstract. Hydrological drought events have very different causes and effects. Classifying these events into distinct types can be useful for both science and management. We propose a hydrological drought typology that is based on governing drought propagation processes derived from catchment-scale drought analysis. In this typology six hydrological drought types are distinguished, i.e. (i) classical rainfall deficit drought, (ii) rain-to-snow-season drought, (iii) wet-to-dry-season drought, (iv) cold snow season drought, (v) warm snow season drought, and (vi) composite drought. The processes u

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Fontes, Francisco, Ashley Gorst, and Charles Palmer. "Does choice of drought index influence estimates of drought-induced rice losses in India?" Environment and Development Economics 25, no. 5 (2020): 459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x2000011x.

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AbstractDrought events have critical impacts on agricultural production yet there is little consensus on how these should be measured and defined, with implications for drought research and policy. We develop a flexible rainfall-temperature drought index that captures all dry events and we classify these as Type 1 (above-average cooling degree days) and Type 2 droughts (below-average cooling degree days). Applied to a panel dataset of Indian districts over 1966–2009, Type 2 droughts are found to have negative marginal impacts comparable to those of Type 1 droughts. Irrigation more effectively

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Noguera, Iván, Jamie Hannaford, and Maliko Tanguy. "Distribution, trends, and drivers of flash droughts in the United Kingdom." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 29, no. 5 (2025): 1295–317. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1295-2025.

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Abstract. Flash droughts have been the subject of a great deal of scientific attention in the last decade, but the greatest emphasis has been on relatively dry climates. Here, we characterise this type of rapid-onset drought events in a more humid setting, the United Kingdom (UK), for the period 1969–2021. Our results show that flash droughts have affected both the wetter regions of the north-west and the drier regions of the south-east in every season over the last 5 decades. Nevertheless, the spatio-temporal distribution of flash droughts is highly variable in the UK, with important regional

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Yeh, Hsin-Fu. "Using integrated meteorological and hydrological indices to assess drought characteristics in southern Taiwan." Hydrology Research 50, no. 3 (2019): 901–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.120.

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Abstract Numerous drought index assessment methods have been developed to investigate droughts. This study proposes a more comprehensive assessment method integrating two drought indices. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) are employed to establish an integrated drought assessment method to study the trends and characteristics of droughts in southern Taiwan. The overall SPI and SDI values and the spatial and temporal distributions of droughts within a given year (November to October) revealed consistent general trends. Major droughts occurred in t

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Zhou, Yaoqiang, Jiayu Li, Wenhao Jia, Fei Zhang, Hongjie Zhang, and Sen Wang. "The Evolution of Drought and Propagation Patterns from Meteorological Drought to Agricultural Drought in the Pearl River Basin." Water 17, no. 8 (2025): 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17081116.

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It is important to comprehend the evolution of drought characteristics and the relationships between different kinds of droughts for effective drought mitigation and early warnings. The study area was the Pearl River Basin, where spatiotemporal changes in the multiscale water balance and soil moisture at various depths were analyzed. The meteorological data used in this study were derived from the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset, while the soil moisture data were obtained from the ECMWF ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standa

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Van Loon, A. F., and H. A. J. Van Lanen. "A process-based typology of hydrological drought." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (2011): 11413–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-11413-2011.

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Abstract. Hydrological drought events have very different causes and effects. Classifying these events into distinct types can be useful for both science and management. We propose a classification of hydrological drought types that is based on the governing drought propagation processes. In this classification six hydrological drought types are distinguished, i.e. (i) classical rainfall deficit drought, (ii) rain-to-snow-season drought, (iii) wet-to-dry-season drought, (iv) cold snow season drought, (v) warm snow season drought, and (vi) composite drought. The processes underlying these droug

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Kamali, B., K. C. Abbaspour, A. Lehmann, B. Wehrli, and H. Yang. "Identification of spatiotemporal patterns of biophysical droughts in semi-arid region – a case study of the Karkheh river basin in Iran." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 6 (2015): 5187–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-5187-2015.

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Abstract. This study aims at identifying historical patterns of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural (inclusively biophysical) droughts in the Karkheh River Basin (KRB), one of the nine benchmark watersheds of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. Standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized runoff index (SRI), and soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) were used to represent the above three types of droughts, respectively. The three drought indices were compared across temporal and spatial dimensions. Variables required for calculating the indices were obtained from the

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Kumar, Prem, Syed Feroz Shah, Rahim Bux Khokhar, Mohammad Aslam Uqaili, Laveet Kumar, and Raja Fawad Zafar. "Meteorological drought mitigation for combating climate change: a case study of southern Sindh, Pakistan." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 42, no. 3 (2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2303.14.

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A meteorological drought study is performed using monthly time scale data from three separate locations in southern Sindh, Pakistan. Rainfall and temperature have been used to identify the drought. These data were transformed into drought indices known as the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI), which were derived using (the Hargreaves equation). In this study, two indices are compared for three separate meteorological stations Chhor, Mithi, and Badin where most socioeconomic livelihoods depend heavily on water. The SPEI is prod

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Shen, Xiping, Xueyan Wang, Fengfei Jiang, Shiqian Li, and Anqi Wang. "Global Patterns and Ecological Effects of Drought Intensification: A Multiscale Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 520 (2024): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452001028.

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This study delineates the criteria for identifying different types of droughts based on root zone soil moisture deficits, categorizing them into sudden, general, and creeping droughts. By employing an adapted version of the drought detection method proposed by Yuan et al., drought events were analyzed across 26 IPCC-SREX regions using historical soil moisture data. Our findings demonstrate that sudden droughts, which entail a rapid decline in soil moisture, predominantly occur in climatic hotspots and have shown an increasing trend over the past four decades, particularly in Central Europe and

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Khrabcha, Abdelali, Abdellah Oumou, Ali Essahlaoui, et al. "Meteorological drought assessment using SPI and RDI indices in the Ourika Basin, Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 607 (2025): 04017. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560704017.

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The Ourika basin is located on the northern edge of the Marrakech High Atlas, within a semi-arid to sub-humid climate. Its fragile natural environment is exposed to extreme and harsh climatic conditions, such as droughts and floods. The aim of our study is to evaluate and monitor meteorological and hydrological droughts in the Ourika basin during the experimental period from 1980 to 2019. The severity and duration of droughts are estimated using two drought indices: The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). These indices were computed and analyzed u

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Cook, Benjamin I., Jason E. Smerdon, Richard Seager, and Edward R. Cook. "Pan-Continental Droughts in North America over the Last Millennium*." Journal of Climate 27, no. 1 (2014): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00100.1.

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Abstract Regional droughts are common in North America, but pan-continental droughts extending across multiple regions, including the 2012 event, are rare relative to single-region events. Here, the tree-ring-derived North American Drought Atlas is used to investigate drought variability in four regions over the last millennium, focusing on pan-continental droughts. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the central plains (CP), Southwest (SW), and Southeast (SE) regions experienced drier conditions and increased occurrence of droughts and the Northwest (NW) experienced several extended pl

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Aghelpour, Pouya, and Vahid Varshavian. "Forecasting Different Types of Droughts Simultaneously Using Multivariate Standardized Precipitation Index (MSPI), MLP Neural Network, and Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm (ICA)." Complexity 2021 (January 19, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610228.

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Precipitation deficit causes meteorological drought, and its continuation appears as other different types of droughts including hydrological, agricultural, economic, and social droughts. Multivariate Standardized Precipitation Index (MSPI) can show the drought status from the perspective of different drought types simultaneously. Forecasting multivariate droughts can provide good information about the future status of a region and will be applicable for the planners of different water divisions. In this study, the MLP model and its hybrid form with the Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm (MLP

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Ji, Ruipeng, Wenying Yu, Baihui Guo, et al. "Characteristics of Summer Flash Drought and Its Effect on Maize Growth in Liaoning Province, China." Agronomy 14, no. 8 (2024): 1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081791.

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Flash droughts, characterized by their abrupt onset and rapid intensification, are predicted to increase in frequency and severity under global warming. Understanding the incidence and progression of a flash drought and its impact on maize growth is crucial for maize production to withstand flash drought events. This study used the evaporative demand drought index (EDDI) method to evaluate the incidence of summer drought in Liaoning during the period 1961–2020. It examined the incidence and characteristics of summer flash droughts in Liaoning Province in the period of 1961–2020 and evaluated t

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Cui, Lilu, Xiusheng Chen, Jiachun An, et al. "Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Droughts and Their Connection to Climate Variability and Human Activity in the Pearl River Basin, South China." Water 15, no. 9 (2023): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15091720.

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Droughts have damaging impacts on human society and ecological environments. Therefore, studying the impacts of climate variability and human activity on droughts has very important scientific value and social significance in order to understand drought warnings and weaken the adverse impacts of droughts. In this study, we used a combined drought index based on five Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On solutions to characterize droughts in the Pearl River basin (PRB) and its sub-basins during 2003 and 2020. Then, we accurately quantified the impact of climate var

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Xue, Huazhu, Ruirui Zhang, Wenfei Luan, and Zhanliang Yuan. "The Spatiotemporal Variations in and Propagation of Meteorological, Agricultural, and Groundwater Droughts in Henan Province, China." Agriculture 14, no. 10 (2024): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101840.

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As the global climate changes and droughts become more frequent, understanding the characteristics and propagation dynamics of drought is critical for monitoring and early warning. This study utilized the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Groundwater Drought Index (GDI) to identify meteorological drought (MD), agricultural drought (AD), and groundwater drought (GD), respectively. Sen’s slope method and Mann–Kendall trend analysis were used to examine drought trends. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and theory of run were

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Niyonsenga, Schadrack, Anwar Eziz, Alishir Kurban, et al. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Drought Characteristics and Their Impact on Vegetation and Crop Production in Rwanda." Remote Sensing 16, no. 8 (2024): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16081455.

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In recent years, Rwanda, especially its Eastern Province, has been contending with water shortages, primarily due to prolonged dry spells and restricted water sources. This situation poses a substantial threat to the country’s agriculture-based economy and food security. The impact may escalate with climate change, exacerbating the frequency and severity of droughts. However, there is a lack of comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of meteorological and agricultural droughts, which is an urgent need for a nationwide assessment of the drought’s impact on vegetation and agriculture. Therefore, t

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Falster, Georgina M., Nicky M. Wright, Nerilie J. Abram, Anna M. Ukkola, and Benjamin J. Henley. "Potential for historically unprecedented Australian droughts from natural variability and climate change." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 28, no. 6 (2024): 1383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1383-2024.

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Abstract. In drought-prone Australia, multi-year droughts have detrimental impacts on both the natural environment and human societies. For responsible water management, we need a thorough understanding of the full range of variability in multi-year droughts and how this might change in a warming world. But research into the long-term frequency, persistence, and severity of Australian droughts is limited. This is partly due to the length of the observational record, which is short relative to the timescales of hydroclimatic variability and hence may not capture the range of possible variabilit

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