Journal articles: 'Drug abuse and crime – Macau'

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Dembo, Richard, Linda Williams, James Schmeidler, Eric D. Wish, Alan Getreu, and Estrellita Berry. "Juvenile Crime and Drug Abuse:." Journal of Addictive Diseases 11, no. 2 (April 15, 1992): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j069v11n02_02.

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Benda, Brent B. "Crime, Drug Abuse and Mental Illness." Journal of Social Service Research 13, no. 3 (March 30, 1990): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j079v13n03_03.

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Ritson, Bruce. "Combatting drug abuse and related crime." Social Science & Medicine 21, no. 9 (January 1985): 1055–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(85)90428-9.

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CHONG, JENNY. "Crime Indicators for Alcohol and Drug Abuse." Criminal Justice and Behavior 25, no. 3 (September 1998): 283–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854898025003001.

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Benda, Brent B. "Crime, drug abuse, mental illness, and homelessness." Deviant Behavior 8, no. 4 (January 1987): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1987.9967756.

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Sharif, Behjat. "Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i1.1658.

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The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000 (SACPA), also known as Proposition 36, became effective on July 1, 2001. It allows certain nonviolent drug offenders into community-based drug treatment programs instead of incarceration. Funds have been allocated to the California counties for implementation of the law over a five year period. The program involves the cooperation and collaboration of professionals and agencies within the state’s two social service systems: criminal justice and public health. Initial evaluation indicates SACPA’s effectiveness in reducing jail and prison populations, saving funds, and providing drug treatment to a large number of SACPA recipients. The implementation process has faced a number of challenges that must be resolved to ensure Californians’ trust that treatment is more effective than punishment of drug abusers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the SACPA initiative and present an analysis of its benefits and challenges. Additionally, suggestions are made for health educators’ intervention to ensure effectiveness of SACPA programs in improving public health.

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Dave, Dhaval, Monica Deza, and Brady Horn. "Prescription drug monitoring programs, opioid abuse, and crime." Southern Economic Journal 87, no. 3 (January 2021): 808–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/soej.12481.

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Chandra, Erika. "Victimless Crime in Indonesia: Should We Punished Them?" PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (August 2019): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a1.

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Criminal act deserves punishment because it causes harmful to its victim. However, some criminal acts may be considered as victimless crime since the perpetrator is also the victim. They are, for example, drug abuse, gambling, and abortion. In many states, such as Netherlands, victimless crime like drug abuse are no longer considered to be punishable crime since they use harm reduction approach for drug abuse problem. Drug abuse is seen as a health issue, not a criminal law issue. On the contrary, Indonesia still considers victimless crime to be punishable. The Indonesian Penal Code and Narcotics Law, for example, regulate that drug abuse is punishable. Indonesian criminal policy uses zero tolerance approach. Hence, the criminal policy is to eradicate all narcotics offences, including drug abuse. Nevertheless, it is not a solution for the problem drug abuse. Furthermore, the number of Indonesian drug user is increased. The policy has also caused overcrowd in Indonesian correctional institutions. Considering its unique characteristic and contemplating the purpose of punishment itself, punishment for victimless crime should be reconsidered. This article aims to bring perspectives on this matter by using juridical normative method with regulation, comparative, and case study approaches.

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Chandra, Erika. "Victimless Crime in Indonesia: Should We Punished Them?" PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (August 2019): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a1.

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Criminal act deserves punishment because it causes harmful to its victim. However, some criminal acts may be considered as victimless crime since the perpetrator is also the victim. They are, for example, drug abuse, gambling, and abortion. In many states, such as Netherlands, victimless crime like drug abuse are no longer considered to be punishable crime since they use harm reduction approach for drug abuse problem. Drug abuse is seen as a health issue, not a criminal law issue. On the contrary, Indonesia still considers victimless crime to be punishable. The Indonesian Penal Code and Narcotics Law, for example, regulate that drug abuse is punishable. Indonesian criminal policy uses zero tolerance approach. Hence, the criminal policy is to eradicate all narcotics offences, including drug abuse. Nevertheless, it is not a solution for the problem drug abuse. Furthermore, the number of Indonesian drug user is increased. The policy has also caused overcrowd in Indonesian correctional institutions. Considering its unique characteristic and contemplating the purpose of punishment itself, punishment for victimless crime should be reconsidered. This article aims to bring perspectives on this matter by using juridical normative method with regulation, comparative, and case study approaches.

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Sharif, Behjat. "The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i1.377.

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The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000 (SACPA), also known as Proposition 36, became effective on July 1, 2001. It allows certain nonviolent drug offenders into community-based drug treatment programs instead of incarceration. Funds have been allocated to the California counties for implementation of the law over a five year period. The program involves the cooperation and collaboration of professionals and agencies within the state’s two social service systems: criminal justice and public health. Initial evaluation indicates SACPA’s effectiveness in reducing jail and prison populations, saving funds, and providing drug treatment to a large number of SACPA recipients. The implementation process has faced a number of challenges that must be resolved to ensure Californians’ trust that treatment is more effective than punishment of drug abusers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the SACPA initiative and present an analysis of its benefits and challenges. Additionally, suggestions are made for health educators’ intervention to ensure effectiveness of SACPA programs in improving public health.

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FRY, LINCOLN J. "DRUG ABUSE AND CRIME IN A SWEDISH BIRTH COHORT." British Journal of Criminology 25, no. 1 (January 1985): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047489.

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Reza, Fahmi. "Verdict Prison For Drug Abuse." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 2 (September 15, 2018): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i2.3275.

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Drug abuse crime is becoming increasingly widespread, especially among the younger generation where the younger generation is the main pillar of a nation that can endanger the survival of the nation in the future. There is a difference of perception between law enforcement regarding the criminalization of the offenses related to drug abuse convictions were deemed less appropriate prison committed against to drugs. Scriptwriting non study was conducted using literature study using laws in Act No. 35 of 2009 challenged the Narcotics and the Supreme Court Circular No. 4 of 2010placement of abuse, abusers and drug addicts into rehabilitation institute of medical and social rehabilitation. The conclusion of this script writing is that the administration of prison sentences against offenders in this respect addicts who are victims of drug abuse should not be done and prioritize rehabilitation verdict.Keywords: Verdict Prison; Drug Abuse; Rehabilitation.

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Nordstrom, Benjamin R., and Charles A. Dackis. "Drugs and Crime." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 39, no. 4 (December 2011): 663–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318531103900407.

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Drug law violations and other crimes related to substance abuse incur dire costs in terms of both financial outlay and human suffering. This review of the current professional literature addresses the identification of risk factors and the longitudinal course of addiction and criminal behavior. Results indicate that neither criminally active drug users nor drug users in general are monolithic groups in terms of manifestations of criminal behavior. Drug use and criminal activity are depicted as mutually facilitative behaviors, with research outcomes tending to convey that although drug addiction does not turn nonviolent criminals into violent criminals, active addiction does increase the frequency of criminal activity.

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Harrison, Lana, and Joseph Gfroerer. "The Intersection of Drug Use and Criminal Behavior: Results from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse." Crime & Delinquency 38, no. 4 (October 1992): 422–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128792038004002.

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In 1991, questions on involvement in criminal behavior and being arrested and booked for a crime were added to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) to ascertain the relationship between drug use and criminal behavior. Analysis shows that drug use is a strong correlate of being booked for a criminal offense, but age is the more important correlate of criminal involvement. There were few differences in models predicting violent as opposed to property crime, although minority status was a more important predictor of violent crime, and poverty was a more important predictor of property crime. Cocaine use was the most important covariate of being booked for a crime in large metropolitan areas that were oversampled in the 1991 NHSDA.

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Rifqi, Muhammad, and Ernalem Bangun. "DRUG CRIME AS A THREAT TO INDONESIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i3.871.

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<p>Drug crime—i.e. narcotic drug abuse, smuggling, and trafficking—is still a serious problem for many countries. In Indonesia, it is perceived as a threat to national security and Indonesians' well-being. It is not surprising, then, if the government of Indonesia declared war on drugs to preserve Indonesia's national security. The systemic measures to address the drugs problem formulated as an integrated program consists of eradication and prevention of drug smuggling and trafficking, and rehabilitation for the victims of drug abuse. This study discusses the implementation of the program as a part of maintaining national security, as well as its constraints and obstacles. Riau Islands Province was chosen as a case study. The data collection was conducted by in-depth interviews, focused group discussion, and literature studies. In analyzing the data, it uses the theory of drug abuse prevention to organize and to interpret the findings. The result of the analysis shows that several obstacles still hinder the effectiveness of the government's efforts in combating drug crime. In the eradication of narcotic drug smuggling and illicit trafficking, the main obstacles manifest in geographical challenges, regulatory constraints, and technological shortcomings. In the prevention of drug crime, the real effectiveness of socialization as the main tool of prevention is hard to be measured and evaluated. In the rehabilitation of drug abuse victims, the main obstacles are the low awareness of the community, the limited availability of counselors and other infrastructures, and the unsupportive legal system.</p>

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Jorgensen, Cody, Nathaniel E. Anderson, and J. C. Barnes. "Bad Brains: Crime and Drug Abuse from a Neurocriminological Perspective." American Journal of Criminal Justice 41, no. 1 (January 9, 2016): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12103-015-9328-0.

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Rajkumar, Andrew S., and Michael T. French. "Drug abuse, crime costs, and the economic benefits of treatment." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 13, no. 3 (September 1997): 291–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02221094.

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Tunnell, Kenneth D. "The OxyContin Epidemic and Crime Panic in Rural Kentucky." Contemporary Drug Problems 32, no. 2 (June 2005): 225–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090503200204.

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During the late 1990s in the United States, rural Kentucky (and rural pockets of nearby states) witnessed the emergence of a new pharmaceutical drug of abuse. The powerful oxycodone OxyContin, first manufactured in 1996 and designed for time-release pain relief, found a ready population in rural hamlets and mountain communities. Intended for patients in pain associated with terminal disease, it became a drug of abuse as it was overprescribed and trafficked within newly developed black markets. This paper describes the takeoff of this new drug of abuse, its antecedents, its effects on rural communities, and coordinated efforts at containing it. Following the trends in use and abuse, this paper presents evidence of an epidemic created in part by organizations in both the private and the public sectors. The paper also describes the much publicized and alleged relationship between OxyContin use and increasing crime rates in Kentucky (and the surrounding Appalachian region). This paper shows that this drug-crime connection, propagated by media and government sources, has been socially constructed and bears little resemblance to empirical reality.

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Scotney, Paul. "Drug Abuse is the Major Factor in Increasing Crime Rates: Discuss." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 69, no. 3 (July 1996): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9606900302.

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Nyabadza, Farai, and Lezanie Coetzee. "A Systems Dynamic Model for Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime in the Western Cape Province of South Africa." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4074197.

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The complex problem of drug abuse and drug-related crimes in communities in the Western Cape province cannot be studied in isolation but through the system they are embedded in. In this paper, a theoretical model to evaluate the syndemic of substance abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape province of South Africa is constructed and explored. The dynamics of drug abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape are simulated using STELLA software. The simulation results are consistent with the data from SACENDU and CrimeStats SA, highlighting the usefulness of such a model in designing and planning interventions to combat substance abuse and its related problems.

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Scardaccione, Gilda. "Drug Addiction and Juvenile Justice." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 4 (October 1994): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400410.

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Drug abuse in juveniles is a complex juridical matter. There is neither specific legislation enacted nor special therapeutic programs for deviant populations of this age. Statistics are limited to drug addicts who have been involved with state agencies, such as administrative, judicial or police departments. In recent years some reforms have been enacted, especially for procedural aspects of the trial. Legislation now in force offers opportunities for alternative dispositions for juvenile drug addicts, including educational programs under the supervision of social service agencies. This situation can be improved further by better coordination between drug abuse legislation and juridical norms concerning the procedural phase of the trial. The problem of juveniles and drug abuse, especially when organized crime is involved, has distinctive characteristics which require different control strategies. Peer group influences seem to be the primary psychological dynamic motivating adolescent drug abuse.

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Bahr, Stephen J., Amber L. Masters, and Bryan M. Taylor. "What Works in Substance Abuse Treatment Programs for Offenders?" Prison Journal 92, no. 2 (March 21, 2012): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885512438836.

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The purpose of this article is to review current empirical research on the effectiveness of drug treatment programs, particularly those for prisoners, parolees, and probationers. The authors reviewed empirical research published after the year 2000 that they classified as Level 3 or higher on the Maryland Scale. Participants in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), therapeutic communities, and drug courts had lower rates of drug use and crime than comparable individuals who did not receive treatment. Several different types of pharmacological treatments were associated with a reduced frequency of drug use. Those who received contingency management tended to use drugs less frequently, particularly if they also received cognitive-behavioral therapy. Finally, researchers reported that drug use and crime were lower among individuals whose treatment was followed by an aftercare program. Effective treatment programs tend to (a) focus on high-risk offenders, (b) provide strong inducements to receive treatment, (c) include several different types of interventions simultaneously, (d) provide intensive treatment, and (e) include an aftercare component.

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Sarfaraz, Syeda Farhana. "Consequences Of Drug Abuse On Spouses Of Drug Addicts In Karachi." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 6, no. 1 (December 8, 2012): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v6i1.413.

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The issue of drug addiction or abuse is often over shadowed by the many of the human development problem such as poverty, illiteracy, lack of basic health care. But the fact is drug abuse is rapidly growingly in Pakistan and South Asia in general. Pakistan is the worst victim of narcotics trade in South Asia region. According to an estimate about 20 tons of heroin consume with in Pakistan annually. One addict in a family affects several other members the number of people suffering directly or indirectly runs into many more millions. This is a fastest growing problem which cuts across class, rural, urban, provincial and religious boundaries. A number of socio-economic problems, large disparities between income groups, poverty, corruption, lack of political will and above all easy access to drugs are known to be linked to drug abuse and crime. In fact it is a problem of social disorganization with multidimensional implication on the individual and other family members. The overall purpose of the study was to examine the consequences of drugs abuse on spouses of the drug uses in contemporary society. The problem of drug abuse and drug trafficking has assumed transnational character in recent years and no nation can claim to be free from this issue.

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Bennett, Trevor, and Katy Holloway. "Disaggregating the Relationship Between Drug Misuse and Crime." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 38, no. 1 (April 2005): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.38.1.102.

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Studies on the association between drug-misuse and criminal behaviour have tended to be based on either aggregated data (composite forms of drug-misuse or offending) or data on just one or two types of drug-misuse or crime. Such studies can obscure variations in the nature of the relationship between particular drug types and particular offences. The current study uses disaggregated data derived from the NEW-ADAM (New English and Welsh Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring) program to investigate both connections and nonconnections between drug-misuse and crime. The results show some variations in the relationship depending on the particular combinations of type of drug-misuse and type of crime. The paper concludes that the use of disaggregated data can help identify both consistencies and variations in the relationship and might help to understand its complexities and inform government policy.

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Bisschop, Paul, Stephen Kastoryano, and Bas van der Klaauw. "Street Prostitution Zones and Crime." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 28–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150299.

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This paper studies the effects of legal street prostitution zones on registered and perceived crime. We exploit a unique setting in the Netherlands where these tippelzones were opened in nine cities under different regulation systems. Our difference-in-difference analysis of 25 Dutch cities between 1994–2011 shows that opening a tippelzone decreases registered sexual abuse and rape by about 30–40 percent in the first two years. For cities which enforced licensing in tippelzones, we also find reductions in drug-related crime and long-term effects on sexual assaults. Effects on perceived drug nuisance depend on the regulation system and the proximity of respondents to the tippelzone. (JEL J16, J47, K42)

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Zulkarnaen, Ahmad Hunaeni. "BEZIT AND NARCOTICS POWER ACCORDING TO LAW NO. 35 OF 2009 CONCERNING NARCOTICS." Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v4i2.496.

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Narcotics are substances or drugs that have the potential to damage health, which then production, distribution and consumption are then regulated in code No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics (UUN). Drug abuse is the act of possessing, buying, selling and using narcotics. Narcotics abuses are considered to be high-level crime (extraordinary crime), and the sanctions for such crimes are very serious, starting from rehabilitation to capital punishment. seeing the severity of sanctions on narcotics abusers and the unclear definition of "possessing" in UUN, of course legal protection of suspected drug abusers must be taken seriously. Especially for those possessing/carrying narcotics without their knowledge. Keywords: Bezit; Narcotics; Drug Abuse.

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Kendler, K. S., H. Ohlsson, K. Sundquist, and J. Sundquist. "A latent class analysis of drug abuse in a national Swedish sample." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 10 (February 1, 2013): 2169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713000081.

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BackgroundDrug abuse (DA) is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Using medical, legal, death and pharmacy records covering the entire population of Sweden, could we uncover meaningful subtypes of DA?MethodWe performed a latent class analysis (LCA) on all individuals in Sweden born 1950–1993 who were registered with DA or its consequences (n=192 501) and then validated these classes using demographics, patterns of co-morbidity with alcohol use disorder (AUD), non-DA crime and psychiatric illness, and the pattern of aggregation and co-aggregation in sibling pairs.ResultsThe best-fit LCA had six classes: (1) low-frequency pure criminal, (2) high-frequency medical criminal, (3) low-frequency pure medical, (4) high-frequency medical, (5) prescription and (6) death. Each class had a distinct pattern of demographic features and co-morbidity and aggregated within sibling pairs with at least moderate specificity. For example, class 2 was characterized by early age at registration, low educational attainment, high male preponderance, high rates of AUDs, strong resemblance within sibling pairs [odds ratio (OR) 12.6] and crime and the highest risk for DA in siblings (20.0%). By contrast, class 5 had a female preponderance, late age at registration, low rates of crime and AUDs, high rates of psychiatric illness, high familiality within sibling pairs (OR 14.7) but the lowest observed risk for DA in siblings (8.9%).ConclusionsDA as assessed by public records is a heterogeneous syndrome. Familial factors contribute substantially to this heterogeneity. Advances in our understanding of etiological processes leading to DA will be aided by a consideration of this heterogeneity.

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Visher, Christy A. "Linking Criminal Sanctions, Drug Testing, And Drug Abuse Treatment: A Crime Control Strategy For The 1990s." Criminal Justice Policy Review 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088740348900300402.

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Worrall, John L., Scott Hiromoto, Nancy Merritt, Dan Du, Jerry O. Jacobson, and Martin Y. Iguchi. "Crime trends and the effect of mandated drug treatment: Evidence from California's Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act." Journal of Criminal Justice 37, no. 2 (March 2009): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.02.010.

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Reinol Panjaitan, Joseph Diko. "Grant Code Sanctions of Polri Members Who Have Disconnected The Court Binding Drug Abuse (Case Study Polres Cirebon)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i3.3397.

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This study aims to identify and understand the sanctions in the Code of Conduct Police officers and efforts to the implementation of sanctions against Alleged offenders alleged to have violated the code of Professional Ethics of Police, in the form of deeds has committed the crime of Abuse of Narcotics kind Sabu-shabu and cases criminal has received the Decision of the Court Of Sumber country, with an excerpt of Decision No. 394 / Pid.Sus / 2017 / PN.Sbr. October 19, 2017, which states the defendant initials S, proven legally and convincingly guilty of committing the crime of abuse of Narcotics Group I For Yourself and sentenced to imprisonment for six (6) months. This research was conducted in Cirebon. To the authors conducted a study with the title "Provision of the Code sanctions Police Members Who Have Strength Disconnect Law Courts Stay In Drug Abuse". If a member of the National Police of an offense or crime, the police members will litigants and undergo a criminal justice process for members of the Indonesian National Police is generally done according to the law applicable in the general court.Keywords: Police; Narcotics; Police Professional Code of Conduct of Police.

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MacDonald, Z., and S. Pudney. "Analysing drug abuse with British Crime Survey data: modelling and questionnaire design issues." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) 49, no. 1 (January 2000): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9876.00181.

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Satcher, David. "Crime, Sin, or Disease: Drug Abuse and AIDS in the African-American Community." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 1, no. 2 (1990): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0161.

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Braithwaite, John, and Peter Drahos. "Zero Tolerance, Naming and Shaming: Is There a Case for it with Crimes of the Powerful?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 35, no. 3 (December 2002): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.35.3.269.

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Zero tolerance and public shaming are increasingly advocated for both crimes of the powerless and crimes of the powerful. In this essay we argue against zero tolerance with respect to both kinds of crime. However, we defend naming and shaming with respect to crimes of the powerful. Part I of the paper begins from the assumption that both zero tolerance and naming and shaming are policies that do not merit serious consideration with crimes of the powerless. It then goes on to consider harder questions: first whether zero tolerance and then naming and shaming have a place with crimes of the powerful. Drug abuse is used in Part II as a case study to explore these distinctions. It will be contended that zero tolerance is a prescription for increasing drug abuse, but that naming and shaming is essential to the prevention of drug abuse. This conclusion is reached by viewing the drug problem differently from conventional criminological analyses in a radically reconfigured context as a corporate crime and organisational regulation problem.

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Sharif, Behjat. "The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act: Challenges and Promises for Public Health." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 1 (March 18, 2003): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i1.215.

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The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000 (SACPA), also known as Proposition 36, became effective on July 1, 2001. It allows certain nonviolent drug offenders into community-based drug treatment programs instead of incarceration. Funds have been allocated to the California counties for implementation of the law over a five year period. The program involves the cooperation and collaboration of professionals and agencies within the state’s two social service systems: criminal justice and public health. Initial evaluation indicates SACPA’s effectiveness in reducing jail and prison populations, saving funds, and providing drug treatment to a large number of SACPA recipients. The implementation process has faced a number of challenges that must be resolved to ensure Californians’ trust that treatment is more effective than punishment of drug abusers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the SACPA initiative and present an analysis of its benefits and challenges. Additionally, suggestions are made for health educators’ intervention to ensure effectiveness of SACPA programs in improving public health

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35

Lester, David. "Problem Behaviors and Suicide and Homicide." Psychological Reports 93, no. 2 (October 2003): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.2.458.

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36

Anglin, M. Douglas, and Brian Perrochet. "Drug use and Crime: A Historical Review of Research Conducted by the UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center." Substance Use & Misuse 33, no. 9 (January 1998): 1871–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089809059325.

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EASTEAL, PATRICIA. "Women in Australian Prisons: The Cycle of Abuse and Dysfunctional Environments." Prison Journal 81, no. 1 (March 2001): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885501081001007.

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A significant proportion of Australian female inmates are drug addicts and women who have experienced violence as children and/or as adults. Ironically, the three rules (“Don't talk,” “Don't trust,” and “Don't feel”) that many therefore grew up with are present within the prison institutional culture and structure. The female prison population is relatively small. As a result, many women are placed inappropriately in maximum-security facilities and have limited programs for employment, education, and drug/violence issues. Comparison of results from empirical research conducted in the early 1990s with recent data reveals that although there have been some positive steps implemented, they have not greatly affected the dysfunctional women's prison culture. For the most part these continue to ignore the specific needs of women (and victims of violence). Thus the tragic generational cycle of violence-crime-prison-violence-crime-prison persists.

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Nuryanto, Carto. "CRIMINAL SANCTIONS AND ACTIONS IN RELIGIOUS JUSTICE CRIME LAW ENFORCEMENT." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 3, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v3i2.7793.

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Victims of drug abuse in the mandate of the Act should the victim run a rehabilitation, will remain in reality the victim immediately subjected to criminal penalties, so that there is a non-compliance with the law enforcement system carried out by the authorities with statutory regulations, weaknesses in the criminal sanction policy and actions in law enforcement in handling the current drug crime, as well as how the reconstruction of criminal sanctions policies and actions in the enforcement of the drug crime control system in realizing religious justice.

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Syofyan, Syofyan, Erizal Erizal, and Suryati Suryati. "Pemberdayaan Siswa SMA di Kota Pariaman Melalui Aksi Promotif Kefarmasian (Apotek-R) sebagai Upaya Pencegahan terhadap Kejahatan Narkoba." Jurnal Warta Pengabdian Andalas 26, no. 1 (March 16, 2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jwa.26.1.52-61.2019.

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Drug abuse has been so alarming that victims of both young and adult children always fall every day and tend to increase from year to year. Various strategies have been carried out by the government to eradicate this drug crime, including preventive efforts to schools. Pariaman City as a crossing area in West Sumatra is a place that is prone to this drug crime. To that end, in an effort to prevent the occurrence of drug crimes, especially for high school students in Pariaman City, activities have been carried out in the form of pharmaceutical promotive actions (Apotek-R). The purpose of this activity is to know the description of the knowledge of high school students in Pariaman City, about Drugs and the influence of the Apotek-R activities on the prevention of drug abuse. The method used in the form of Communication, Information and Education (CIE) uses a pharmacy promotion action (Apotek-R). From this activity information was obtained that the knowledge of high school students in Pariaman City about drug problems is quite good. Promotional action activities of pharmacy (Apotek-R) can be used as a model in providing positive activities in efforts to prevent drug abuse among high school students.

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Pathak, Dhanush Chandra, and Binod Pokharel. "Causes of Drug Abuse In Youth: Case of Mid-Western Region of Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v4i2.19534.

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Drug abuse is one of the serious social problems in Nepal and elsewhere for a long time. Drug abuse has several effects over the human life. Burgeoning unemployment, broken family, crime, depression, love failure, formation of peer group, mass media are major problems faced by the youth of the country. This paper explores the causes of drug abuse among youth in Mid-Western Region of Nepal. Quantitative research method was used to draw the data from 252 respondents. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents of different rehabilitation center of Surkhet, Banke and Dang District. Data were analyzed by using chi-square statistical tools. Drug causes have covered the psychological, peer pressure, school/ college, socio cultural and mass media causes of drug abuse. Among them, majority respondent responded causes of drug abuse is bad relationship with family, to feel relax, failed in exam and films stars and idols which are shown on television.

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Sau, Manabendra, Amal Kumar Sinha Roy, Pausali Das, and Jitendra Kumar Singh. "Pattern of substance abuse: a community based study in West Bengal." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3394. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183068.

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Background: Drug addiction produces serious pervasive and expensive social problems. Regardless of whether substance abuse is a sin, a crime, a bad habit or an illness society has a right to expect that an effective approach to drug abuse problem will reduce drug related crime unemployment, family dysfunction and disproportionate use of medical care. Science has made great progress over the past several years, but it is still not possible to account fully the physiological and psychological process that transform controlled voluntary use of drugs into uncontrolled is voluntary dependence on those substances, and these is still no cine. The objective of the study was to find out pattern of different types of substance abuse in a community in West Bengal.Methods: An observational cross-sectional community based study during April 2017-September 2017 in a community of West Bengal among 142 addicted persons.Results: In the studied 142 cases, Brown sugar (an adulterated form of Heroin) was primary drug of abuse in urban area contrary to alcohol in rural area. Commonest age of initiation was between 15-20 years (57.75%). Polydrug abusers (59.1%) were common.Conclusions: Our study revealed that in spite of having strict legislation for prohibition of substance abuse, people are still addicted with alcohol, cannabis, drugs etc. Substance use is prevalent in the studied area, with a higher prevalence in males. Substance users rarely seek treatment for substance use. This needs continuous awareness and community-level services for the treatment of substance use disorders.

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Corman, Hope, and H. Naci Mocan. "A Time-Series Analysis of Crime, Deterrence, and Drug Abuse in New York City." American Economic Review 90, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 584–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.3.584.

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Ngwu, Christopher N., Ogbu Chukwuemeka Osmond, and Abonyi E. Sunday. "Perceptions of Drug Use and Abuse among Adults in Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria: Implications for Social Work Practice." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (September 23, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0056.

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Drug use has not been the problem but rather its abuse and irrespective of the risk thereof, people still abuse them. That is why this study was set out to examine the perceptions of drug use and abuse among adults in Enugu-Ezike in Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design. The study subjects consisted of 195 respondents (107 males and 88 females) aged 18 years and above. The quantitative data gathered were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) using percentages and frequency distribution tables. Chi-square (X2) statistics were used to test the hypotheses The findings showed that 52.3% of the respondents know the meaning of drug use while majority of the respondents were aware of drug abuse. 81.0% of the respondents have negative perception of drug abuse. Also, 54.9% stated that Marijuana is the most abused drug in the study area. Eighty percent (80%) believed that increase in drug abuse increases the rate of crime in the communities. Above thirty-one percent believe that family problems contributed in abusing drugs. The implications of the study to social work practice therefore, is to carry out the public enlightenment, community education, counselling and research on the dangers of drug abuse in Nigeria. The study recommends that the stakeholders in drug use and management should develop appropriate measures to combat the menace of drug abuse that is ravaging our society.

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Chalub, Miguel, and Lisieux E. de Borba Telles. "Álcool, drogas e crime." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 28, suppl 2 (October 2006): s69—s73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462006000600004.

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OBJETIVO: Este artigo descreve duas situações complexas e duplamente preocupantes em termos de saúde pública, seja, por sua alta prevalência e/ou por suas conseqüências. Trata-se dos transtornos do uso de substâncias psicoativas e a criminalidade. Será relatada a forma como diversos pesquisadores as associam, bem como a situação das perícias de usuários e dependentes de álcool e drogas. MÉTODO: Realizou-se uma revisão das publicações sobre o tema, utilizando-se, como bancos de dados, o Medline e o Lilacs, cobrindo o período de 1986 a 2006. Os descritores usados foram: "alcoholism", "drug dependence", "drug abuse" e "crime". Resumos de congressos, artigos e livros relevantes sobre o tema, publicados por diferentes autoridades no assunto, em diversas fases de pesquisa, foram consultados e incluídos. CONCLUSÃO: As diversas pesquisas coincidem na afirmação de uma associação entre transtornos do uso de substâncias psicoativas e criminalidade. O que é possível constatar é a alta proporção de atos violentos quando o álcool ou as drogas ilícitas estão presentes entre agressores, suas vítimas ou em ambos. Quando se realiza um exame pericial em autores que alegam alguma relação do ato praticado com consumo de álcool/drogas, esta perícia deve levar em consideração a substância em uso, o quadro clínico por ela causado, bem como verificar a presença de um diagnóstico, a existência de nexo causal e possíveis alterações na capacidade de entendimento e/ou determinação do agente.

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Solakoglu, Ozgur, Nichola Driver, and Scott H. Belshaw. "The Effect of Sexual Abuse on Deviant Behaviors Among Turkish Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Emotions." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 24–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16642810.

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Drawing from Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of sexual abuse on deviant behaviors, such as suicide, smoking, drinking, drug use, violent crime, and property crime, among Turkish adolescents. The article also aims to understand the mediating role of negative emotions, including depression and anger, as well as gender differences in this relationship. Findings from a series of analyses demonstrate that the experience of sexual abuse is significantly related to the likelihood of engaging in most of the deviant behaviors. In addition, the mediating role of negative emotions, particularly anger, was highlighted in the findings. Furthermore, the effect of sexual abuse on deviant behaviors was relatively greater for Turkish males compared with Turkish females. The current study contributes to the literature on the consequences of sexual abuse by considering them within the unique Islamic–Western cultural context of Turkey. Overall, findings suggest that this particular form of strain has a substantial impact on deviant behaviors among Turkish adolescents.

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Ney, Philip G., Tak Fung, and Adele Rose Wickett. "Causes of Child Abuse and Neglect*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 6 (August 1992): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700609.

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This paper is a study of child abuse and neglect from the perspective of the child. Generally, the mistreatment of children was associated with “poor care” from parents, attributed mainly to immaturity, marital problems, alcohol abuse, unemployment, drug abuse and lack of money. Differences in attribution are noted between males and females, and some differences are noted by the age of the child. When factors other than the causes given by the children were taken into account, mistreatment was significantly related to family break-up, as well as long-term disinterest and lack of affection from the parents. When the children were asked for their “worst experience in life,” the most common responses were “abuse” “family break-up,” and for the juvenile offenders “getting charged with a crime”.

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Wexler, Harry K. "Progress in Prison Substance Abuse Treatment: A Five Year Report." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400209.

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Within the recent years there has been a paradigmatic shift in the direction of correctional policy — a movement away from an exclusive concern with security and control toward a more comprehensive approach that includes rehabilitation and treatment. Looking for ways to reduce recidivism and to control overcrowding (and recognizing the close connection between substance abuse and crime), correctional authorities have begun expanding prison-based drug treatment programs. This movement toward a corrections-treatment perspective has been based upon a growing body of research that has indicated that intensive prison-based drug treatment programs are an effective means of controlling recidivism. Progress in prison substance abuse treatment that has transpired over the last five years is described, along with a brief description of correctional substance abuse treatment approaches. Recommendations for the future of correctional drug treatment and some critical cautions are presented as well.

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Anderson, Peter D., and James T. O'Donnell. "Specific Forensic Applications for Pharmacists." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 13, no. 3 (June 2000): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719000001300305.

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Many concerns to society are relevant to forensic pharmacists. Specific applications of forensic pharmacy include death investigation, professional malpractice, drug-induced violence, competency to stand trial, acquaintance rape, child abuse, drug testing, fraud & white collar crime, worker's compensation, and medication errors. Effects of the drug on either the victim or the defendant can be an issue in civil or criminal cases. Pharmacokinetics calculations can be useful in legal cases relating to drunk driving and adverse drug events.

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ROPEI, AHMAD. "KAJIAN HUKUM ISLAM Pandangan Hukum Islam terhadap Penyalahgunaan Napza pada Anak di Bawah Umur." Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam 3, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47971/mjhi.v3i2.213.

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This study aims to reveal positive legal and Islamic law arrangements against legal sanctions on the abuse of Narcotics, Psychotropics and Addictive Substances (Drugs) by minors. The method used in this research is content analysis (content analysis). The type of data used is qualitative data. The data collection technique used is by means of literature. The results showed that drug abuse committed by minors is regulated in Article 128 paragraph (2) of Law No. 35 of 2009 which states that a child who commits drug abuse cannot be prosecuted. Apart from that, Article 45 also states that a child cannot be prosecuted until he reaches adulthood. Meanwhile, parents of children who are drug abusers are obliged to report to the relevant authorities in order to receive treatment and / or treatment through medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. From the point of view of Islamic law, drug abuse committed by minors cannot be punished. This is because minors cannot be held responsible for the crime because they have not been subject to legal imposition (khitob) or because they have not reached aqil-baligh.

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Beaudoin, Marie Nathalie, Sheilagh Hodgins, and François Lavoie. "Homicide, Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse or Dependency." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 8 (October 1993): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800803.

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Few studies have extensively studied the aggressive behaviours of mentally disordered offenders. This investigation compared 14 schizophrenics found not guilty of homicide by reason of insanity (NGRI) with 12 schizophrenics convicted of homicide. A comparison group of 15 homicide offenders with no major mental disorder was used. Drug and alcohol consumption, previous history of aggression against others as well as mental health were assessed using standardized, reliable, valid instruments. Significantly more of the inmates with no major mental disorder were diagnosed as having a history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependency (60%) than the NGRI schizophrenics (35.7%). In addition, both groups of convicted homicide offenders were more likely to have committed homicide under the influence of drugs or alcohol than the NGRI group. No significant difference distinguished the groups for the mean number of aggressive incidents. The subjects found NGRI assaulted more often during an acute phase of mental illness than the convicted schizophrenics. Although both groups appeared to have a similar number of hospitalizations, most of the hospitalizations of the convicted schizophrenics occurred after the crime.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Drug abuse and crime – Macau'

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