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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drug addiction'
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1
Reagan, Andrew Shawn. "Drug Addiction and Personal Responsibility." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/63.
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This project examines drug addiction and personal responsibility from the perspective of three different types of theories of addiction: full responsibility, diminished responsibility, and no responsibility. The rational theory of addiction is the fully responsibility theory. The philosophical insights by R. Jay Wallace and George Graham are the diminished responsibility theories. Berridge and Robinson’s Incentive Salience theory of drug addiction is the no responsibility theory examined. My conclusion is that diminished responsibility frameworks are the most suitable in a therapeutic context because they are most sensitive to relevant normative aspects.
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Rojo, Gonzalez Loreto. "The role of GABAB in drug addiction." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844932/.
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The GABAergic system is the primary inhibitory regulator of the mesolimbic dopamine system, mediating both natural and drug-induced reward behaviours. The GABAB agonist, baclofen, has been postulated as a potential anti-addiction treatment. However, clinical studies have revealed conflicting results and both anti- and pro-rewarding effects of GABAB system activation have been reported. Thus, a deeper and more refined understanding of GABAB receptor pharmacology is needed. GABAB receptors are obligate heterodimers of GABAB(1) and GABAB(2) subunits and further GABAB(1) subunit isoforms are GABAB(1a) and GABAB(1b). While presynaptic GABAB receptors are likely to contain the GABAB(1a) isoform, postsynaptic GABAB receptors are composed of the GABAB(1b) isoform. Using mice lacking in GABAB(1a) (1a KO) and GABAB(1b) (1b KO) isoforms, we tested the hypothesis that the GABAB receptor isoforms differentially modulate psychomotor and reward behaviours of cocaine and morphine, alcohol intake and social behaviours via distinct neurochemical mechanism. We therefore examined cocaine- and morphine-induced locomotion stimulation, sensitisation and conditioned place preference (CPP) as well as alcohol intake. The 3-chambered box was utilised to investigate social behaviours. Cocaine and morphine enhanced the locomotor activity in 1a KO mice but not in 1b KO and WT mice. However, cocaine- and morphine-induced CPP was unaffected by either isoform deletion. Conversely, while WT and 1a KO mice extinguished alcohol preference during withdrawal, this was not seen in 1b KO mice. Finally, 1a KO mice exhibited higher social novelty preference and striatal oxytocin receptor levels compared to WT and 1b KO mice. These results reveal that presynaptic preferring GABAB(1a) receptors selectively modulate the psychomotor effects of cocaine and morphine as well as social novelty, most likely by inhibiting dopaminergic transmission. Conversely, the postsynaptic GABAB(1b) receptors may play a larger role in alcohol addiction. We conclude that targeting GABAB receptor isoforms may constitute an effective approach to drug addiction treatment.
3
Yavorsky, William Christian. "Addiction : disturbing fixity and mobilising ambiguity." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271272.
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Murphy, Jennifer. "Therapy and Punishment: Negotiating Authority in the Management of Drug Addiction." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/8969.
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Sociology<br>Ph.D.<br>Throughout the twentieth century, many behaviors previously considered criminal or immoral were instead defined as medical problems. This process is often referred to as the medicalization of deviance. Like many other behaviors once considered deviant, drug and alcohol abuse has been medicalizing, in a process that accelerated during the latter half of the twentieth century. Despite this movement along the path toward medicalization, drug use, and alcohol use to a lesser extent, are still also sanctioned and managed by the criminal justice system, resulting in a medical-legal-moral hybrid definition of these issues. Today we find instances where these two institutions overlap significantly. At the same time, their mutual involvement in defining and managing drug use is inconsistent. This research uses a qualitative research design to study how this medical-legal-moral hybrid definition of drug use and addiction is discussed and negotiated by various institutions that label and manage individuals who use drugs. I examined this issue by conducting interviews and observations in Philadelphia's Drug Treatment Court as well as in two outpatient drug treatment programs. Results indicate that individuals in both settings frame addiction as a "disease," although the definition is ambiguous and inconsistent. The court and the treatment programs use similar language and methods for assessing substance abuse and how to deal with it. Both also extend the definition of "addiction" to include aspects not directly related to the consumption of drugs or alcohol but to the "drug lifestyle" that includes selling drugs. Still, in neither location is a comprehensive, clear definition of "addiction" promoted and used consistently. This ambiguity results in an overlap of therapeutic and punitive methods to handle the individual's drug usage. In addition, both settings benefit from their interaction and cooperation in managing individuals with substance abuse problems, indicating that rather than moving toward a purely "medical" way of dealing with substance abuse, or placing the issue more firmly in the realm of the criminal justice system, the current mix of moral, criminal and medical methods of labeling and managing substance abuse problems may be more stagnant than the medicalization of deviance thesis suggests.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Kausar, Wasim. "Drug addiction syndrome : among university students in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324031.
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Webb, Michael Blair. "Addiction and the law : a case-study of the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act." University of Canterbury. School of Law, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2567.
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The thesis presents a case study of New Zealand's Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act 1966 - a civil commitment law used to detain alcoholics and drug addicts for up to two years in state-certified residential treatment facilities. The thesis positions itself as a call for legislative reform. The central argument is that the Act is an anachronistic and potentially draconian piece of social legislation which has no place on the modern-day New Zealand statute book. In the first part of the thesis, Chapter 1 introduces the research, outlines the structure and methodology of the thesis, and locates the study within a wider tradition of scholarship on the management of people with alcohol problems. Chapter 2 summarises the analytical framework that is used to evaluate the Act, attaching particular importance to both the philosophical traditions and the practical strategies of harm minimisation and therapeutic jurisprudence. Chapter 3 gives a positivist reading of the legislation : outlining the evolution of the Act, essaying its major provisions, and noting the efforts that have been made to refine or reform the statute since it was passed in the mid-1960s. Chapter 4 draws on the limited amount of data available to describe how the Act is currently operating 'on the ground'. In the second part of the thesis, the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act is put into a comparative context by describing examples of similar-type statutes that exist in two other jurisdictions. Chapter 5 focuses on the New South Wales Inebriates Act 1912; Chapter 6 focuses on the Swedish Act on Care of Addicts in Certain Cases 1989. The final part of the thesis builds a case for reform of the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act. Chapter 7 identifies various practical and clinical problems with the Act, which mean that the statute does not work in instrumental terms. It is submitted that the Act cannot be said to make better provision for the care and treatment of alcoholics. Chapter 8 highlights several legal and philosophical difficulties with the Act, which mean that the legislation does not work in value terms. It is submitted that the Act is offensive to the right to refuse treatment and fundamentally conflicts with the principles of individual autonomy and informed consent. Chapter 9 proposes three options for reforming the Act, expressing a preference for the outright repeal of the statute. Finally, Chapter 10 draws conclusions from the preceding discussion, and speculates on the likelihood that the recommended reforms will be implemented.
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Shewan, David. "Patterns of drug using behaviour : the importance of drug, set, and setting." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480943.
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Best, David W. "Seeking explanations about drug use : methodological issues around explaining self-reported drug behaviours." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21402.
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The thesis investigates the dynamics that surround participants' responses to questions about illicit drug activities. By examining the attributional and discursive literatures, the opening chapters (Chapters 1 and 2) outline the difficulties associated with assuming veridicality in question-answer dyads. Emphasis is placed on the essentially social and intentional foundations of the applied research procedure. The existing research on methodological effects in substance research is outlined at the start of Chapter 3. These form the foundation for the empirical investigations that constitute the remainder of the thesis. The studies carried out attempt to examine methodological issues in the context of applied research procedures that combine quantitative outcomes with qualitative considerations such as reflexive consideration of the role of the researcher and the status of the participant. The first investigation demonstrates the influence of treatment status on the discourse provided by adult substance users. Drug users in contact with treatment services provide drug-related explanations distinct from those given by users who are not in treatment. This distinction is assessed in terms of a theoretical model of addiction based on discursive criteria and contextual influence (Chapter 4). These contextual influences are further examined in the empirical studies presented in Chapters 4 and 5 in which the subjects are young people whose drug experiences are assessed in the context of drug education (Chapter 5) and treatment and service needs (Chapter 6). Each of these investigations attempts to demonstrate the sophistication of discourse that respondents exhibit in their drug-related conversations and the ways in which their attitudes and understandings of these topics are shaped by the context of the experiences they have had.
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De, Backer Jean-François. "Involvement of Maged1 in motor behaviour and drug addiction." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/216707.
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Maged1 appartient à la famille des gènes Mage (pour Melanoma antigen gene). Bien que les gènes Mage aient tout d'abord été découverts dans des cellules tumorales, le gène Maged1 est également exprimé dans un grand nombre de tissus sains et particulièrement dans le système nerveux central, aussi bien au cours du développement que chez l'animal adulte. Les fonctions exercées par la protéine Maged1 dans le système nerveux restent actuellement fort méconnues bien que des études aient pu mettre en évidence son implication dans des processus tels que l'homéostasie du rythme circadien, certaines formes d'apprentissages, les comportements sociaux et sexuels ainsi que dans des pathologies telles que la dépression et l'obésité. Au laboratoire, nous avons pu montrer que la délétion de l'allèle Maged1 chez la souris cause une diminution d'activité locomotrice spontanée et un déficit de coordination motrice. Les animaux ne possédant plus l'allèle Maged1 montrent également une absence complète de réponse à l’administration de drogues comme la cocaïne et la morphine. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons recherché les mécanismes liant le gène Maged1 et ces comportements. La dopamine étant un neurotransmetteur connu pour réguler à la fois les comportements moteurs et les comportements liés à la dépendance aux drogues, nous avons tout d'abord fait l'hypothèse qu'un déficit en dopamine pouvait expliquer les phénotypes observés. En effet, des expériences de microdialyse in vivo ont montré que l'augmentation de concentration en dopamine dans le nucleus accumbens suite à une injection de cocaïne était significativement réduite chez les souris dépourvues de l'allèle Maged1. L'implication directe de Maged1 dans la physiologie des neurones dopaminergiques a été étudiée par la génération de souris transgéniques dont la délétion du gène Maged1 a été ciblée spécifiquement dans ces neurones. Cependant, cette lignée de souris ne récapitule pas les phénotypes observés chez les souris entièrement dépourvues de l'allèle Maged1. Ces résultats indiquent que l'expression de Maged1 dans les neurones dopaminergiques n'est pas nécessaire au contrôle moteur et à la réponse comportementale à l'administration de cocaïne. Nous avons ensuite étudié les régions innervées par les neurones dopaminergiques en réalisant des enregistrements électrophysiologiques sur tranches de cerveaux en survie. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence une altération de la transmission glutamatergique entre le cortex préfrontal et le nucleus accumbens chez les souris dépourvues du gène Maged1. La délétion spécifique de l'allèle Maged1 dans chacune de ces deux régions a ensuite été effectuée. Les souris dont la délétion de Maged1 a été ciblée dans les neurones du striatum n'ont pas montré d'altération comportementales. Cependant, lorsque la délétion de Maged1 est effectuée spécifiquement dans le cortex préfrontal, les souris montrent un déficit d'apprentissage moteur ainsi qu'une réduction de l'effet de sensibilisation à des injections répétées de cocaïne. Chez ces mêmes souris, la réduction de sensibilisation est accompagnée d'une réduction de la réponse dopaminergique à la cocaïne telle qu'observée au cours d' expériences de microdialyse in vivo. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons donc pu montrer que la présence de la protéine Maged1 dans le cortex préfrontal est nécessaire à l'apprentissage moteur et à l'expression de la sensibilisation comportementale à la cocaïne. Cette protéine exerce probablement sa fonction en régulant la neurotransmission au niveau du compartiment présynaptique.<br>Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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ROCHA, ERICA SILVA. "THE SOCIAL BOND IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY AND DRUG ADDICTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4562@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>Neste trabalho parte-se da concepção de que o sujeito e
seus sintomas se constituem no seio de fatores pulsionais
e
socioculturais que promovem o laço social. Em seguida,
delineia-se o perfil sócio-histórico da modernidade e da
contemporaneidade, propondo-se que ambas constituem laços
sociais diferentes, respectivamente centrados nos
imperativos da interdição e da satisfação. Por último,
argumenta-se que o imperativo da satisfação favorece a
expansão do sintoma da toxicomania, que pode ser
compreendido, tal como o laço social contemporâneo, pelo
modelo da perversão.<br>This work is based on the idea that the individual and his
symptoms are constituted in the realm of libidinal and
social-cultural factors that promote the social bond. At
first, the social-historic profile of modernity and
contemporary society are delineated, suggesting that both
constitute different social bonds, respectively centered on
the imperative of interdiction and the imperative of
satisfaction. Next and finally, it is argued that the
imperative of satisfaction favors the expansion of drug
addiction, which can be explained, as well as the current
social bond, by the model of perversion.
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Thirtamara, Rajamani Keerthi Krishnan. "Animal Models of Drug Addiction and Autism Spectrum Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1386011455.
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Carpenter, Tracy R. "Beyond Crack Mother: Narratives of Drug Addiction and Recovery." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1418833307.
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Sagar, Vidya. "Magnetic Nanoparticle-based Targeted Drug Delivery for Treatment of Neuro-AIDS and Drug Addiction." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/909.
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Brain is one of the safe sanctuaries for HIV and, in turn, continuously supplies active viruses to the periphery. Additionally, HIV infection in brain results in several mild-to-severe neuro-immunological complications termed neuroAIDS. One-tenth of HIV-infected population is addicted to recreational drugs such as opiates, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, etc. which share common target-areas in the brain with HIV. Interestingly, intensity of neuropathogenesis is remarkably enhanced due to exposure of recreational drugs during HIV infection. Current treatments to alleviate either the individual or synergistic effects of abusive drugs and HIV on neuronal modulations are less effective at CNS level, basically due to impermeability of therapeutic molecules across blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Despite exciting advancement of nanotechnology in drug delivery, existing nanovehicles such as dendrimers, polymers, micelles, etc. suffer from the lack of adequate BBB penetrability before the drugs are engulfed by the reticuloendothelial system cells as well as the uncertainty that if and when the nanocarrier reaches the brain. Therefore, in order to develop a fast, target-specific, safe, and effective approach for brain delivery of anti-addiction, anti-viral and neuroprotective drugs, we exploited the potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which, in recent years, has attracted significant importance in biomedical applications. We hypothesize that under the influence of external (non-invasive) magnetic force, MNPs can deliver these drugs across BBB in most effective manner. Accordingly, in this dissertation, I delineated the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of MNPs bound anti-opioid, anti-HIV and neuroprotective drugs for delivery in brain. I have developed a liposome-based novel magnetized nanovehicle which, under the influence of external magnetic forces, can transmigrate and effectively deliver drugs across BBB without compromising its integrity. It is expected that the developed nanoformulations may be of high therapeutic significance for neuroAIDS and for drug addiction as well.
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Au, Wing-yan Grace. "Exploring the "drug problem" in historical and contemporary Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43981276.
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Feeney, Thomas P. "Effects of drug dependence on matrimonial consent." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Naszkowska, Kamila. "The effects of housing environment on drug addiction in mice." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://165.236.235.140/lib/KNaszkowska2009.pdf.
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Egelström, Sandra, and Agnes Levander. "Turning points for criminality and drug addiction : Real life stories." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31963.
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Since the effects caused by drugs and criminality puts a strain on society's resources it is important to find ways of preventing individuals from starting these behaviours and to find out how people who already developed them, are able to desist from them. The processes that cause life to take positive or negative turns are very complex and hard to understand. The best way of exploring these processes were by asking the people who have experienced them to explain their perception of them. If recurring factors between these processes could be found, it could be of great meaning for the development of new treatment methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine if there were recurring factors in the individual negative and positive turning point processes of people recovering from criminality and substance abuse, by analysing the participants own life stories. A narrative approach was chosen and the sample consisted of members from the local KRIS organization, who all had a history of criminal behaviour and drug addiction. The data collection was conducted through narrative interview method and a holistic-content method was used in the analysis together with an application of the Age-graded theory of informal social control on the results. The study found that there were different sorts of connections between the processes, but that these were individually formed after each person's own life-course. The negative turning point processes showed more similarities between the participants than the positive turning point processes. The conclusion was that attachments to family and the social context one chooses to be a part of, were recurring factors which had important effects on both the negative and the positive turning point process. Informal social control through attachments to society and family seemed to affect criminality and the use of drugs in general.<br><p>2017-06-01</p>
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Abdulaziz, Al Saud Bazza Saud. "Addiction, alienation and assertiveness in Saudi and English drug addicts." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/addiction-alienation-and-assertiveness-in-saudi-and-english-drug-addicts(40e022ca-90c4-4c5d-a11b-229e90339f57).html.
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Eeli, Emelie. "The mechanisms of addiction and impairments related to drug use." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15629.
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This thesis contains an overview of the mechanisms of addiction as well as a description of the impairments related to drug abuse. The general view of addiction is that it depends on three characteristics that have separate neural mechanisms, called “wanting”, liking and learning. “Wanting” is described as a desire evoked by reward cues, liking refers to the pleasure of getting a reward and learning is described in terms of classical conditioning. “Wanting” and liking are usually in agreement but in addiction they are dissociable, that is, wanting a drug but getting no pleasure from it. Reward cues, acquired through learning, awakes the motivation to obtain the drug again. This can be problematic when trying to cease drug taking. The dopamine system in the brain is much discussed in relation to addiction and its neural correlates. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is suggested to be altered in addiction, and this may underlie some of the impairments discussed. Addiction is also strongly related to cognitive impairments such as working memory problems, impulsivity, attentional problems and decision-making impairments. Affective impairments, such as empathy problems, may also to have some connection to addiction, although this is less clear.
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Morgan-Eason, Andrea. "The Process of Mothering| Women in Recovery from Drug Addiction." Thesis, Adelphi University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10610424.
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<p> Mothering in a variety of healthcare settings is a significant process studied by nurse researchers. Mothering during recovery from a drug addiction is important to study because of its health and mental health consequences for women, their infants and children, as well as the impact on society especially the financial burden. The process of recovery from drug addiction for mothers has not been well studied. Findings from such a study can shed light on the important nursing role regarding interventions and prevention strategies to mitigate some of the health consequences. The purpose of this study was to explore the process of mothering for women recovering from a drug addiction. The conceptual framework of symbolic interaction and the Grounded Theory Methodology (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) were used to guide the study.</p><p> Data were collected through 10 semi-structured interviews of women residing in a rehabilitation residential facility for drug addiction who had at least one child under the age of 18. The results indicated that the process of mothering while in recovering from a drug addiction was non-linear. Phases emerged from data collected using the constant comparative analysis of transcripts, levels of coding, categorizing and conceptualizing. Three final phases emerged from the subcategories, which explained the process: <i>mothering as influencing sobriety, anticipatory struggling and hopeful ideal mothering. Anticipatory Struggling</i> identified the final substantive theory that emerged. The women in this study were committed to changing to claim or reclaim the role of motherhood. The participants were aware of the challenges and overwhelming responsibilities that were ahead as they recovered and they anticipated the struggles, fearing relapse or again losing custody of their children. However, they were hopeful about their future mothering role, albeit in an idealized way, as they began to make their re-entry into the community. The study's findings have important implications for nursing practice, education and for influencing health policy.</p>
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Merotto, Thomas <1995>. "Economics and Health: The Behavioral Economics Approach to Drug Addiction." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15401.
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La tesi mira ad analizzare l'impatto e le teorie sulla dipendenza da droga da un punto di vista economico. Nella prima parte, partendo dalla definizione di economia sanitaria, la tesi analizza, attraverso dati empirici e teorie economiche "classiche", gli effetti della dipendenza toccando argomenti quali esternalità, paternalismo ed economia sommersa. Nella seconda parte, dopo un'introduzione all'economia comportamentale, l'argomento viene sviluppato dalla prospettiva di quest'ultima, riportando teorie ed esperimenti legati sia alla sanità generale che alla dipendenza da droga.
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Baelen, Luk Van. "Interaction mechanisms within social networks of amphetamine users." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272456.
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Amantea, Diana. "Study of GABAâ†B receptor mechanisms on the mesocorticolimbic system of nicotine dependent rats." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273728.
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Rice, Peter J. "Understanding Drug Action: An Introduction to Pharmacology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. http://amzn.com/1582121125.
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This highly readable introduction to the science of pharmacology assumes only a modest understanding of biology, chemistry, and human physiology. Author Peter J. Rice provides readers with a survey of the scientific understanding of drug action. He discusses pharmacology at a basic scientific level to build a framework of how drugs work, and he supplements this discussion with information on some representative drugs that are used clinically. KEY FEATURES: Concise and systematic introduction to the science of pharmacology; Knowledge objectives in each chapter; Glossary of key terms in each chapter; Review questions in each chapter with answers provided in the back of the book; Tables listing brand and generic drug names and dosage forms by drug class; More than 170 illustrations that supplement the text.<br>https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1033/thumbnail.jpg
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Yvona, Pabian Layla. "The Impact of Substance Abuse Training and Support on Psychologists' Functioning as Alcohol and Drug Counselors." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1404164706.
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King, William Alexander. "Teaching how to mentor people recovering from drug and alcohol addiction." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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LI, HONGWU. "Phosphodiesterase 7(PDE7) inhibitors: a new target to treat drug addiction." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/401772.
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Drug addiction not only causes addicts health damage, but also leads serious social, economic and public health problems, which threaten our harmonious society. The neurobiological mechanism of drug addiction has not been fully elucidated that is still lack of ideal treatment and intervention models. Especially, relapse is a worldwide problem, the high relapse rate after detoxification treatment more than 95%. The nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 7 family includes two members, PDE7A and PDE7B, which are cyclic-AMP-specific PDEs expressed in brain dopaminergic regions linked to addiction, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Here we assessed the role of PDE7 in addiction by evaluating selective PDE7 inhibitors (PDE7i) Compound A and Compound B in rat models of durg self-administration and relapse to drug seeking by behavior test. Our results showed that PDE7 inhibition by Compound A or Compound B significantly reduced fixed-ratio 3 and progressive ratio nicotine self-administration. In preclinical model of relapse we found that Compound A and Compound B also attenuated cue- and yohimbine-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. In rats implanted bilaterally with intracranial cannulas aimed at the VTA, we found that site specific injection of Compound A or Compound B into this brain area significantly reduced nicotine self-administration under both FR-3 and PR schedule of reinforcement suggesting a role of corticomesolimbic dapaminergic circuitries in PDE7i effects. In cocaine addiction experiments, the results showed that PDE7 inhibitor Compound B (low dose, intermediate dose and high dose) significantly reduced cue-induced relapse to cocaine seeking. The reinstatement experiments showed that PDE7 inhibitor exhibited significant effects in preventing stress-induced relapse to cocaine seeking behavior at the doses tested (low dose and high dose). The same results were found in heroin addiction test. The PDE7 inhibitor Compound A (intermediate dose and high dose) significantly reduced heroin-seeking behavior after extinction. The reinstatement experiments showed that PDE7 inhibitor Compound A exhibited significant effects in preventing cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking behavior at the doses tested (low dose, intermediate dose and high dose). Further, PDE7 inhibitor (intermediate dose and high dose) significantly reduced alcohol self-administration. The reinstatement experiments showed that PDE7 inhibitor exhibited significant effects in preventing stress- and cue-induced relapse to alcohol seeking behavior. These findings suggest that PDE7 could be a novel therapeutic target for drug addiction.
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Lee, King-fai. "A study of the factors contributing to recovery from heroin addiction." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2233144X.
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Fung, Hing-bo. "The development of correctional policy for drug related cases in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975343.
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Gil, Miravet Isis. "Unravelling the role of the cerebellum in drug addiction. Cerebellum-prefrontal networks in drug-induced preference memory." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667062.
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This doctoral thesis is the first to propose a causative working model for the cerebellum's role in drug-induced memories. We managed to explore the role of the cerebellum in cocaine-induced conditioned preference and its functional and anatomical relationships with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In the first chapter we investigated the role that specific regions of the cerebellum and mPFC play in the acquisition of cocaine-induced preference conditioning after brain deactivations. The second chapter addressed a cFos and PNN analysis in the cerebellum and other cerebral regions after mPFC deactivations. Importantly, cerebellar activity and PNN expression increased only after infralimbic deactivation. The third chapter explored the activity and plasticity in the striatum and mPFC after the cerebellar impairment. Finally, we accomplished a tracing study using anterograde and retrograde tracers in order to build a working neuroanatomical model to explain the facilitative effect of the cerebellar lesion on cocaine-induced conditioned memory.<br>Esta tesis doctoral propone un modelo de trabajo causal sobre el papel del cerebelo en los recuerdos inducidos por drogas. Exploramos el papel del cerebelo en la preferencia condicionada inducida por cocaína y sus relaciones funcionales y anatómicas con la corteza prefrontal medial (CPFm). En el primer capítulo investigamos el papel que desempeñan el cerebelo y la CPFm en la adquisición del condicionamiento de preferencia inducido por cocaína después de las desactivaciones cerebrales. El segundo capítulo abordó un análisis de cFos y PNN en el cerebelo y otras regiones cerebrales después de desactivar la CPFm. Observamos que la actividad cerebelosa y la expresión de PNN aumentaron solo después de la desactivación infralímbica. El tercer capítulo exploró la actividad y la plasticidad en el estriado y la CPFm después de la desactivación del cerebelo. Finalmente, realizamos un estudio de rastreo utilizando trazadores anterógrados y retrógrados para construir un modelo neuroanatómico.
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Briggs, James Thomas. "Drug addiction and impulsivity : a multi-method investigation of the relationship between drug use and impulsive behaviour." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581455.
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This vast cost of drug addiction, to both individuals and society, continues to fuel research investigating its aetiology and treatment (Gordon et al., 2006). Definitions of addiction often feature a loss of control on reward seeking behaviour, specifically deficits in inhibitory control (impulsive action) and the preference for immediate over delayed rewards (impulsive choice). Indeed, impulsivity is thought to be influential in the onset, progression and propensity to relapse into drug addiction. This thesis utilised a range of methodologies in order to elucidate the role of impulsive behaviour in the progressive pathophysiological process of addiction. Animal models of impulsivity were used to elucidate causality between drug use (specifically, acute nicotine administration) and changes in impulsive behaviour (both impulsive choice and impulsive action). Furthermore, dopaminergic neural mechanisms implicated as mediatory in drug related impulsive choice and action were assessed via dopamine 01 and 02 receptor antagonism. Acute drug administration produced a dose-related increase in both constructs, and findings suggest the independent roles of dopamine 01 and 02 receptors in mediating these behaviours. In the second part of this thesis the wider environmental and sociological context of drug use and impulsive behaviour within a UK prison population were investigated. This population is characterised by elevated impulsivity, and the prominence of their impulsive behaviour and drug use are immensely costly to both themselves and society. Multiple dimensions of behavioural and self- reported impulsivity were assessed in both drug users and non-users, along with their criminal behaviour and psychological functioning. Even within a highly impulsive population, drug users exhibited elevated impulsivity (compared to non users). In recruiting both drug users seeking and not-seeking treatment, the methodology also permitted investigation whether impulsivity could distinguish these groups, as well as the bi-directional relationship between impulsivity in treatment progression. In the third section of this thesis, treatment completers were interviewed on their experience of impulsivity, their past, present and future drug use, and their views on drug treatment. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the interviews was conducted. Implications are discussed in terms of current research, theory and implications. The findings implicate impulsivity as influential throughout stages of drug addiction and highlight the value of diverse viewpoints in approaching the heterogeneous construct.
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Alencar, Rodrigo. "A fome da alma: psicanálise, drogas e política na modernidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-07022017-105533/.
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A relação entre drogas e psicanálise tem um entrelaçamento desde o início do projeto freudiano. A criação da psicanálise se deu logo após o envolvimento de Freud com a polêmica da cocaína e seus decorrentes embates políticos. Nessa época, questões ligadas à moralidade e ao papel da ciência em nossa sociedade começavam a entrar em xeque, por consequência do avanço tecnológico e da preocupação com a gestão dos hábitos de populações que viviam em um mundo imerso em novas possibilidades de satisfação, comercializadas enquanto soluções para o enfrentamento do mal-estar da civilização. Nossa pesquisa busca apresentar quais fatores presentes na constituição do sujeito moderno contribuem para a formação do problema das adicções, assim como mostrar que a abordagem da psicanálise sobre o assunto pode ter ignorado aspectos fundamentais para o enfretamento do problema. Por meio da teoria pulsional de Freud e da teoria de sujeito desenvolvida por Jacques Lacan, realizamos uma leitura crítica das proposições fundamentais da psicanálise sobre as drogas, a saber, a noção de autoerotismo e também a droga como elemento antissocial. Como fundamentação desta crítica, propomos uma leitura do superego presente nas adicções enquanto mecanismo integrante do que Marshall Berman cunhou de desenvolvimento fáustico. A leitura de Berman nos proporciona uma visão na qual os efeitos colaterais do desenvolvimento capitalista repercutem nas adicções enquanto problema social, possibilitando identificar como o papel das drogas em nossa sociedade possui aspectos ignorados pela formulação da teoria psicanalítica até então. Dentre esses aspectos, identificamos os lugares do trabalho e das condições sociais como fatores fundamentais no entendimento das adicções. Como resposta às teorias existentes e como proposição clínica, recorremos à formulação teórica de Nathalie Zaltzman sobre o que a mesma denominou de pulsão anarquista, constructo o qual a psicanalista direciona à clínica de situações limite. Por fim, apresentamos algumas vinhetas clínicas que servem de suporte para as reflexões e rearranjos teóricos na abordagem psicanalítica sobre o tema. Passagens que foram extraídas de experiências de trabalho no âmbito da saúde pública e em atendimentos em consultório particular compõem as modulações transferenciais, categorias que utilizamos para compreender as diferentes configurações de demandas clínicas em torno da questão das drogas e seus possíveis direcionamentos. Com o suporte das vinhetas clínicas, pudemos apontar os limites que se situam entre as drogas e os profissionais que acolhem os pacientes com essa demanda, estabelecendo uma interpretação do fenômeno da fissura, no qual a satisfação tóxica pode até ser imprescindível, mas não é suficiente<br>The relationship between drugs and psychoanalysis has an interlacing since the beginning of the Freudian project. The creation of psychoanalysis occurred right after the involvement of Freud with the controversy of cocaine and its resulting political clashes. At that time, issues of morality and the role of science in our society began to come into question, as a result of technological advancement and the concern for the management of habits of populations that lived in a world steeped in new possibilities of satisfaction, sold as solutions to face the malaise of civilization. Our research aims to show which factors present in the constitution of modern subject contribute to the formation of the addictions problem, as well as show that the approach of psychoanalysis on the subject may have ignored key aspects to face the problem. Through the drive theory of Freud and the theory of subject developed by Jacques Lacan, we conducted a critical reading of the fundamental propositions of psychoanalysis on drugs, namely, the notion of self eroticism and also the drug as an anti-social element. In support to this criticism, we propose a reading of the superego present in addictions as an integral mechanism that Marshall Berman coined the Faustian development. The Berman reading gives us a vision in which the side effects of capitalist development have repercussions on addictions as a social problem, making it possible to identify that the role of drugs in our society has aspects that were overlooked by the formulation of psychoanalytic theory so far. Among these aspects, we have identified the places of work and social conditions as key factors in the understanding of addictions. In response to existing theories and as a clinical proposition, we used the theoretical formulation of Nathalie Zaltzman about what she called the anarchist drive, construct which the psychoanalyst directs to the limit situations clinic. Finally, we present some clinical vignettes that support the reflections and theoretical rearrangements in the psychoanalytic approach to the subject. Passages that were extracted from work experience in the field of public health and in private practice care compose the modulations transference, categories that we use to understand the different settings of clinical demands on the issue of drugs and their possible directions. With the support of clinical vignettes, we could point out the limits that are among the drugs and the professionals who receive patients with this demand, establishing an interpretation of the phenomenon of craving, in which the toxic satisfaction may even be essential, but is not enough
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Wahl, Troy Andrew. "Developing Thyronamine Analog Pharmaceuticals Targeting TAAR1 to Treat Methamphetamine Addiction." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1109.
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As a part of the overall program in the Grandy laboratory at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), studying the underlying chemical biology of methamphetamine (Meth) addiction, this dissertation reports on the development of six new thyronamine analogs which were synthesized and assayed against trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), giving preliminary results consistent with the analogs being inverse agonists. Due to highly variable TAAR1 expression levels in the assays, based on inter-assay response to control Meth stimulation as well as other possible factors, kinetic models were developed to qualitatively explain the assay results. The models set approximate limits on the analogs' binding and disassociation rates relative to those of Meth. Analysis of the assays also provides more evidence of TAAR1's basal activity. Based on the models, the conversion rate of ligand-free inactive TAAR1 to ligand-free active TAAR1 is less than 6% of the binding rate of Meth to TAAR1. The models also suggest that the inverse agonists bind to the inactive ligand-free form of TAAR1 between 10 and 100 times faster than Meth binds to the inactive ligand-free form of TAAR1. Three of the new analogs, G5-110s8, G5-112s5, and G5-114s5, bind to the ligand-free active form of TAAR1 faster than they bind to the inactive ligand-free form of TAAR1. The models do not suggest an upper limit on the binding rate of those 3 analogs to the ligand-free active form of TAAR1. A control assay lacking TAAR1 revealed an electrophysiological off-target effect caused by G5-109s8. Also, a novel synthetic route was developed for ET-92, the lead compound for this project, which reduced the number of synthetic steps from 14 to 5 and improved the overall yield from 15.3% to 18.3% (77.4 mg) with the hope that further improvements in yield are possible.
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Frankland, Lisa Mair. "The relationship between associated stimuli and drug use : the role of attentional bias." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369879.
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Ghiabi, Maziyar. "Drugs, addiction and the state in Iran : the art of managing disorder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c2cbaeb6-502b-4383-b975-2812602f1efa.
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This thesis explores the politics of drugs and addiction in Iran in light of processes of state formation. The case of Iran provides a paradigm of what has come to be known as the 'War on Drugs' in a political and cultural setting that has been characterised, by most of the area studies literature, by other investigations and scholarly questions. Iran, nevertheless, represents an outstanding case for the study of the War on Drugs; it is at the geopolitical crossroads of international drug routes, it has one of the world highest rates of drug 'addiction' - estimated at between 2-3% and 6-7% of the entire population - and it has progressively seen the rise of synthetic, industrial drugs, such as methamphetamines (shisheh). The thesis situates the phenomenon of drug use in the social and political history of Iran with a particular attention to the transformations taking place after the Islamic Revolution in 1979. It provides a genealogical map of policy experimentations in the field of drugs, while it also casts light on the rationale that governs the formation and transformation of state practices vis à vis drugs, especially during the reformist and post-reformist period (1997-2013). To do so, the research combines extensive archival research using Persian sources (newspapers, reports, films, memoires, etc.) starting from the early 1900s, with ethnographic fieldwork in public clinics, rehab centres, drug using hotspots and, more generally, the street. The outcome is an in-depth engagement with narcotic politics, which unearths unstudied dynamics of Iran's contemporary politics and society. Instead of moralising approaches, what is unveiled is a state that adopts both rhetoric and practice that are secularised and in tune with Western models of policymaking. Eventually, the thesis reveals how the image of the Iranian state has not only been misplaced, but it has also been a myth.
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Johnson, Alex R. "The Relationship between Decision Making Deficits and Drug Addiction: A Neurobiological Approach." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/615.
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Drug addiction is a complex behavioral disorder that has been extensively studied in an attempt to uncover its underlying biological mechanisms. This paper contributes to the literature on addiction by demonstrating that addiction is a result of an improperly functioning decision making process. The areas of the brain that are most implicated in decision making demonstrate significant overlap with those areas most affected by addiction. Specifically, the limbic structures of the brain (amygdala, basal ganglia, and mesolimbic reward pathway) and the prefrontal cortices (orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex) are discussed in relation to their involvement in prominent theories of decision making such as Prospect Theory and the Somatic Marker Hypothesis. This paper will then use the above knowledge regarding the specific brain mechanisms that control decision making and apply it to neurobiological theories of addiction. The view that addiction is a behavioral disorder that results primarily from a degradation of the brain mechanisms involved in decision making processes is important to consider because it can help provide a concrete approach to developing more individualized and effective treatment programs in the future.
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Wright, Sherie Rose. "The role of A2A receptors in drug addiction: interaction with mGIu5 receptors." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.583347.
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The mechanism by which the adenosine A2A receptor mediates the actions of multiple drugs of abuse is thought to be partly attributable to interactions with dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum; a key structure in drug-related reward, reinforcement and motor responses. Evidence now suggests that this interaction could be further influenced by actions of the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5, which is co- expressed with striatal A2A and D2 receptors. This work aimed to identify the role of A2A receptors in mediating the locomotor and stereotypic responses to chronic administration of cocaine, morphine and methamphetamine with the use of wild-type (WT) and adenosine A2A receptor knockout (KO) mice. Further, via quantitative autoradiography in WT and A2A KO mice, the experiments described in this thesis also investigated whether the A2A receptor was involved in the regulation of D2 and mGlu5, receptor binding, both under physiological conditions and following chronic cocaine, morphine and methamphetamine administration. A significant reduction of mGlu5, but not D2 receptor density was observed in the ventral striatum of treatment-naive A2A KO mice, giving further evidence for the presence of a striatal A2A-mGlu5 interaction at the receptor level. Chronic administration of methamphetamine, but not cocaine or morphine, caused a significant upregulation of striatal mGlu5, receptors in WT mice. This was accompanied by the manifestation of a stereotypic rearing behaviour in methamphetamine-treated WT mice, both of which were completely abolished in A2A KO mice, suggesting a drug-specific role of an A2A- mGlu5 receptor interaction in the methamphetamine-induced rearing response. Furthermore, the combination of sub-threshold doses of A2A and mGlu5, receptor antagonists significantly attenuated methamphetamine-induced rearing in WT mice, confirming that a striatal A2A-niGlus interaction was specifically involved in the mediation of this response. Chronic morphine treatment caused an upregulation of thalamic mGlu5 receptors in A2A KO mice, indicating that an A2A-mGlus interaction may also be of relevance in the mediation of morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance. No changes in D2 receptor binding were observed in either treatment-naive WT or A2A KO mice, or those mice treated chronically with cocaine, morphine or methamphetamine, suggesting that the A2A receptor is not involved in modulating the receptor density of D2 receptors either physiologically, or following chronic drug administration. Collectively, the results described in this thesis show that the contribution of the A2A receptor in mediating the locomotor and stereotypic responses to chronic drug administration is drug-dependent, as is the ability of A2A to regulate mGlu5 receptor binding. Specifically, the therapeutic relevance of the novel A2A-mGlus interaction identified following chronic methamphetamine administration merits further investigation, as it adds to a growing body of evidence which suggest simultaneous targeting of A2A and mGlu5 receptors has implications for the improved efficacy of treatments of basal ganglia disorders and drug addiction.
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Cotter, Rachel. "Trace amine associated receptors : a new target for medications in drug addiction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10803.
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The abuse of stimulant drugs, such as methamphetamine (METH), has become a major source of public concern in New Zealand. Specific medications for treating METH addiction are not available at present. The newly discovered trace amine- associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) constitutes a novel receptor target for medication development in neuropsychiatry. TAAR1 regulates monoamine systems in the brain, especially dopamine, and is activated directly by psychomotor stimulants, including METH. This study examined the effects of the newly developed TAAR1 partial agonist, RO5203648, in rat models of METH abuse. In experiment 1 rats were administered different doses of RO5203648 (0, 1.67, 5mg/kg i.p.) followed by METH (0, 0.75, 2mg/kg i.p.). Locomotor activity was monitored via automated video tracking system in an open field. The results revealed that RO5203648 dose- dependently reduced acute METH-induced stimulation and prevented long-term sensitization following chronic exposure. Paradoxically, in experiment 2, RO5203648 and METH treatment increased c-Fos protein expression in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum. In experiment 3 rats were trained to consistently self-administer METH (0.5mg/kg/infusion) and were then pre-treated with RO5203648 (0, 3, 10mg/kg i.p.). The data showed that RO5203648 drastically reduced METH intake. Next, RO5203648 was substituted (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg/infusion) for METH in the same paradigm. Remarkably, RO5203648 exhibited no reinforcing efficacy compared with METH. Taken together, these observations showed that RO5203648 is able to attenuate METH-related behaviours, including locomotor stimulation, sensitization and self-administration, and highlight the great potential of TAAR1-based medications for the treatment of METH addiction.
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Hiriyanna, Sachin. "DRUGHELP.CARE – A WEB APPLICATION FOR THE DISCOVERY OF DRUG ADDICTION TREATMENT FACILITIES." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1529673797771419.
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Were, Dorothy L. "Advanced Nurses' Perspectives on the Drug Addiction Treatment Act, 13 Years Later." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/79.
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The United States experiences opioid addiction at epidemic levels. In 2012, the National Institute of Drug Abuse reported that 23.1 million Americans were in need of addiction treatment services, although only 2.5 million were enrolled in treatment. Following an amendment to the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-310), advanced practice nurses were qualified as providers who could bridge the healthcare gap in treatment access. The purpose of this project was to determine the interest of advanced practice nurses in (a) prescribing buprenorphine and (b) establishing guidelines that would allow them to do so. This quantitative project used a 10-question Internet-based survey with a convenience sample of 95 nurses (recruited online) who were currently practicing in advanced nursing roles. Social media platforms, including Facebook, were used to recruit participants. The survey included questions about expanding the scope of practice in addiction treatment and establishing guidelines that would allow nursing knowledge and expertise to be used in outpatient opiate addiction treatment. Critical social theory and Kingdon's theory of policy analysis were applied to support the project. The Survey Monkey data analysis tool was used to generate descriptive statistics, which demonstrated respondents' support for an expanded scope of practice. If the recommendations of this project are adopted by national legislation, increased accessibility to addiction treatment services will save millions of dollars in justice system, healthcare system, employment, and societal costs. Nursing policy advocates nationally can apply these results to support efforts to expand scope of practice to include prescribing buprenorphine.
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Duronville, John V. "God, drugs, and hope lived religious experiences in a methadone maintenance clinic /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/994.
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Харченко, Е. Н. "Аспекты социо-психофизиологической характеристики наркомании молодого возраста". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2000. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22324.
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Ieong, Fong Ha. "Cortical connectomics signature for opiate addiction during recovery :a multidisciplinary, exploratory, and translational paradigm." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953925.
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Au, Wing-yan Grace, and 區穎恩. "Exploring the "drug problem" in historical and contemporary Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43981276.
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Kwong, Hon-fai Alfred, and 鄺漢暉. "Options for drug addicts: a comparision of different treatment programs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45418299.
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CARMO, GISELE ALELUIA VIEIRA ALVES DO. "CHEMICAL DEPENDENCE AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS: THE FAMILY IMPORTANCE IN THE DRUG ADDICTION TREATMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4348@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as
características
da dinâmica da família em que um ou mais de seus
componentes é adicto a álcool e outras drogas.
Utilizamos,
para este fim, o referencial sistêmico. Entendemos que a
dependência química seja tanto uma patologia em si quanto
um sintoma de um sistema familiar. Nas relações que se
estabelecem entre o dependente químico e os outros
membros da família, vai-se construindo uma teia
relacional
que, muitas vezes, perpetua os padrões disfuncionais que
ajudam a manter a dependência . É indispensável, no
tratamento da dependência, abordar os vínculos familiares
para que o sistema familiar possa encontrar alternativas
mais saudáveis de relacionamento, a fim de promover uma
progressiva mudança nos padrões de interação que são
facilitadores da manutenção do comportamento adictivo.<br>The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamics of
the addict´s family . For this purpose, we used the
systemic approach. We understand that chemical dependence
is not only a pathology per se but also a symptom of the
family system. A web of interrelations is construed from
the relationships that are established between the addict
and other family members. This web frequently perpetuates
the dysfunctional patterns that help maintain the
addiction. It is of primary importance in the treatment of
addiction, to identify family ties so that the family
system may find healthier alternatives of relationships
thus promoting a progressive change in the patterns of
interaction that help maintain the addiction behavior.
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Pace, Emily A. "Investigating combinatorial ligand addiction provides insights into rational drug combinations in cancer therapy." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/34647.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>Cancer, the second most common cause of death in the United States, is a collection of diseases caused by uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis. The main treatment for cancer is chemotherapy, which generally kills fast growing cells nonspecifically and has many side effects. A different type of cancer treatment, called targeted therapy, aims to avoid general toxicity by using drugs that block the activity of specific gene products, usually encoded by oncogenes, which have been shown to drive tumor growth. To date, targeted therapies, alone or in combination with chemotherapies, have mainly been successful in rare subsets of patients with tumors addicted to single oncogenes. This has created a rationale to mainly treat patients with an oncogene-addiction (such as those carrying mutated or overexpressed kinases) with targeted therapies like erlotinib and trastuzumab, which inhibit human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ErbB2), respectively. Here, evidence is provided that targeted therapies are also effective in tumors that are dependent on multiple growth factors - a phenomenon that is called combinatorial ligand addiction. Specifically, it is shown that ligands that bind the EGFR family and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/MET) can activate protein kinase B (PKB/ AKT) across a broad set of cancer cell lines, suggesting that ligand signaling is redundant and widespread. It is also shown that ErbB ligands have distinct signaling dynamics and strengths, which provides a rationale for investigating each component of the ErbB signaling network. Using a systematic approach, we found that
ErbB3 is an imp01tant therapeutic target even though it is not overexpressed and lacks kinase activity. Furthermore, it is shown that cell lines with and without known oncogene-addiction express autocrine ligands and have improved growth inhibition with drug combinations that include autocrine ligand-blocking antibodies. This research demonstrates that combinatorial ligand addiction creates a new rationale for therapeutic combinations to improve efficacy and prevent resistance in cancer cells that are treated with current targeted drugs.<br>2031-01-01
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Easton, Alanna. "The roles of αCaMKII and Ras-GRF2 in the establishment of drug addiction". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-roles-of-camkii-and-rasgrf2-in-the-establishment-of-drug-addiction(dcf25ba5-9499-48b3-8eff-2b4525799456).html.
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Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder associated with health and social problems for the individual and great economic costs for society. Despite significant progress in the understanding of drug effects on the nervous system, major processes involved in the development of addiction are still insufficiently understood. At a cellular level, many drugs of abuse induce a long term potentiation-like state in the dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a process which enhances synaptic transmission and potentiates signals for longer within the cell. This is a major cellular mechanism underlying normal learning and memory formation, but is also important in the formation of drug-related memories and addiction. By adopting a correlative approach to further dissect which neuronal mechanisms contribute to addiction, the focus of this thesis is placed on two separate genes, each of which code for different proteins involved in synaptic plasticity. The thesis aims to assess whether these genes contribute to the development of drug preference and addiction, and the speed at which these behaviours are established. Alpha calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II | (aCaMKII) and Ras-specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 2 (Ras-GRF2) are calcium/calmodulin dependent kinases which play an important role in the plasticity of the glutamatergic and monoaminergic systems by influencing long-term potentiation (LTP). Transgenic mice were tested through an extensive battery of 3havioural (spontaneous behaviours, consumption and conditioned place Deference) and in vivo neurochemical (in vivo microdialysis and HPLC-ED) chniques, in order to assess whether aCaMKII and Ras-GRF2 have the tential to control the rate at which addiction related behaviours are acquired id/or established. The current thesis implicates aCaMKII itophosphorylation in the mediation of threat induced activity in responsethe same capacity as observed in wild-type mice. Alcohol administration also altered dopamine and serotonin levels in the mesocorticolimbic system of aCaMKII autophosphorylation deficient mice. Adaptations in this system were also found following the development of cocaine preference. Ras-GRF2 has an important role at the synapse and Ras-GRF2 deletion appears to result in the failure of the monoaminergic system to adapt in a typical way in response to alcohol exposure, which may make the animal less vulnerable to the rewarding properties of alcohol. One hypothesis is that the Ras-GRF2 deletion has the potential to serve as neuro-protective factor against alcoholism. Characterisation of the roles of aCaMKII and Ras-GRF2 suggests that the proteins encoded by these genes may contribute to aspects of drug addiction related behaviors by modulating monoaminergic drug responses in the brain.
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Turner, Paul. "The Relationship Between Risk for Drug Abuse and Meaning in Life." TopSCHOLAR®, 1995. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/891.
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Drug abuse continues to be one of the most significant problems in the United States today. Attempts to understand drug abuse have produced numerous multidimensional prevention and treatment models. These models have resulted in the identification of psychological, social and biological risk factors related to drug abuse. In this study, the risk for drug abuse was assessed in 311 college students. A questionnaire was developed to measure risk. The questionnaire assessed risk for abuse predicted by the following factors: academic performance, coping and psychological health, religiosity, family and peer drug use, and the individual's past and current drug use. Based on their risk scores students were placed into low, medium, or high risk groups. The participants also completed the Purpose in Life Test and Life Attitude Profile-Revised questionnaire which measured meaning in life. The results indicated that high risk students scored significantly lower on the global and composite scores of meaning in life. Consistent with the theories of Viktor Frankl, a lack of meaning in life and existential vacuum were related to risk for drug abuse. The results of this study suggest that lack of meaning in life may be an important contributing factor to drug abuse. These data suggest that meaning in life is a relevant issue to be considered in the prevention and treatment of drug abuse.
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Augustino, Bridgett. "Pretreatment Characteristics of Legally Coerced Drug Treatment Seekers." TopSCHOLAR®, 2001. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/615.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the sociodemographics, drug use, criminal, and treatment histories of 598 residential and outpatient legally coerced drug treatment seekers in the Kentucky Treatment Outcome and Performance Pilot Studies Enhancement Project. Analyses examined whether users/addicts entering chemical dependency treatment under legal coercion differed from nonlegally coerced treatment seekers. Stanley Cohen's theoretical model of social control provided the theoretical framework for the study. Results showed demographic and behavioral differences were noted between respondents under no coercion and those under legal coercion on gender, age, educational status, pretreatment criminality and current treatment modality. In addition, differences between the legally coerced and not legally coerced clients varied across geographic regions.