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Journal articles on the topic 'Drug administration routes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2024

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1

Kwatra, Shubhika, Guncha Taneja, and Nimisha Nasa. "Alternative Routes of Drug Administration- Transdermal, Pulmonary & Parenteral." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, no. 04 (2012): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2012.47.

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Oral Route is considered to be the most common route of drug delivery to obtain a systemic effect. However, with the recent developments in the field of drug delivery, it has been found that delivery through alternative routes is sometimes more beneficial. This article deals with the salient features, advantages and disadvantages of some of the alternative routes of drug administration- Transdermal, Pulmonary and Parenteral routes. Though the mechanisms of action of drugs delivered by these routes are different, they offer a common advantage- increased Therapeutic Index with simultaneously dec

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2

Bhatt, M., G. Bhatt, P. Kothiyal, and S. Chaudhary. "A REVIEW ON BUCCAL MUCOSAL ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION." INDIAN DRUGS 53, no. 08 (2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.53.08.10631.

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Oral route is the most preferred rote of drug administration. In oral route buccal mucosal route is one of the advantageous routes of drug administration. This route provides direct access to systemic circulation through the jugular vein, bypassing the first pass hepatic metabolism, which leads to high bioavailability. The drugs having low bioavailability, shorter half life and those who undergoes extensive first pass metabolism are good candidat for this rote. Various formulations have been developed for this routes, one of which is buccal film. Buccal films were prepared by using methods lik

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3

King, Brent R. "Alternative Routes of Drug Administration." Emergency Medicine News 27, no. 8 (2005): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132981-200508000-00033.

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4

Nimmo, Walter S. "Novel routes of drug administration." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 4, no. 4 (1991): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001503-199108000-00005.

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5

Fonseca-Santos, Bruno, Patrícia Bento Silva, Roberta Balansin Rigon, Mariana Rillo Sato, and Marlus Chorilli. "Formulating SLN and NLC as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Non-Invasive Routes of Drug Administration." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 22 (2020): 3623–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190624155938.

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Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems

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6

Lakshmi, P. k., D. Prasanthi, and B. Veeresh. "NON INVASIVE DELIVERY OF PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE DRUGS: A REVIEW." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 8 (2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18274.

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Till recent, injections remained the most common route for administration of protein and peptide drugs because of their poor bioavailability in the other routes. Because it is generally recognized that injection based delivery is a major impediment to the commercial success of therapeutic proteins and peptides, research in both academia and industry continues to focus on ways to overcome this problem. Possible non-parenteral administration routes for delivery of peptide and protein drugs include oral, nasal, ocular, transdermal, rectal, colonic, and vaginal route. The large surface area associ

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Garepally, Prasad, Swathi Goli, and Vijay Kumar Bontha. "Design, Development and Characterizations of Acyclovir Osmotic Tablets." Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 1, no. 1 (2018): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/005.

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Oral drug delivery is the most widely utilized route of administration, among all the routes of administration. That has been explored for the systemic delivery drug through different pharmaceutical dosage forms. It can be said that at least 90%of all drugs used to produce systemic effect is by oral route. Conventional oral drug delivery systems are known to provide an immediate release of drug, in which one cannot control the release of the drug and effective concentration at the target site.

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Sharma, Mayank, Rajesh Sharma, and Dinesh Kumar Jain. "Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Water Soluble Antihypertensive Drugs." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8525679.

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Oral administration is the most convenient route among various routes of drug delivery as it offers high patient compliance. However, the poor aqueous solubility and poor enzymatic/metabolic stability of drugs are major limitations in successful oral drug delivery. There are several approaches to improve problems related to hydrophobic drugs. Among various approaches, nanotechnology based drug delivery system has potential to overcome the challenges associated with the oral route of administration. Novel drug delivery systems are available in many areas of medicine. The application of these sy

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Anderson, Kevin L., William A. Moats, John E. Rushing, Donald P. Wesen, and Mark G. Papich. "Potential for oxytetracycline administration by three routes to cause milk residues in lactating cows, as detected by radioimmunoassay (Charm II) and high-performance liquid chromatography test methods." American Journal of Veterinary Research 56, no. 1 (1995): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1995.56.01.70.

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SUMMARY Milk antimicrobial residues are a serious concern for the dairy industry. Residues of the tetracycline family of antimicrobials have been reported in market milk by investigators, using radioimmunoassay and microbial receptor technology (hereafter referred to as the Charm II test). In response to these reports, an investigation was conducted to determine the potential of 3 extra-label routes of oxytetracycline (otc) administration to cause milk residues above the Food and Drug Administration safe value of 30 parts per billion (ppb). Lactating Holstein cows were administered otc once by

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10

Chopra, R., M. Mittal, K. Bansal, and P. Chaudhuri. "Buccal Midazolam Spray as an Alternative to Intranasal Route for Conscious Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 38, no. 2 (2013): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.38.2.n055763721297702.

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Objectives: To evaluate the acceptance of midazolam spray through buccal route as compared to intranasal route and compare the efficacy of the drug through both the routes. Study Design: 30 patients aged 2-8 years with Grade I or II Frankl's Behaviour Rating Scale were selected who required similar treatment under local anesthesia on two teeth. Midazolam spray was administered randomly through buccal or intranasal routes for the two appointments. Scoring was done for the acceptance of drug and Houpt's score was recorded for the behaviour of patients during the treatment. Results: Acceptance of

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11

Almohaish, Sulaiman, Melissa Sandler, and Gretchen M. Brophy. "Time Is Brain: Acute Control of Repetitive Seizures and Status Epilepticus Using Alternative Routes of Administration of Benzodiazepines." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8 (2021): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081754.

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Time plays a major role in seizure evaluation and treatment. Acute repetitive seizures and status epilepticus are medical emergencies that require immediate assessment and treatment for optimal therapeutic response. Benzodiazepines are considered the first-line agent for rapid seizure control. Thus, various routes of administration of benzodiazepines have been studied to facilitate a quick, effective, and easy therapy administration. Choosing the right agent may vary based on the drug and route properties, patient’s environment, caregiver’s skills, and drug accessibility. The pharmacokinetic a

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Peterson, Bianca, Morné Weyers, Jan Steenekamp, Johan Steyn, Chrisna Gouws, and Josias Hamman. "Drug Bioavailability Enhancing Agents of Natural Origin (Bioenhancers) that Modulate Drug Membrane Permeation and Pre-Systemic Metabolism." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11010033.

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Many new chemical entities are discovered with high therapeutic potential, however, many of these compounds exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties due to poor solubility and/or poor membrane permeation characteristics. The latter is mainly due to the lipid-like barrier imposed by epithelial mucosal layers, which have to be crossed by drug molecules in order to exert a therapeutic effect. Another barrier is the pre-systemic metabolic degradation of drug molecules, mainly by cytochrome P450 enzymes located in the intestinal enterocytes and liver hepatocytes. Although the nasal, buccal an

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&NA;. "Looking at novel routes of drug administration." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1106 (1997): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199711060-00005.

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King, Brent R. "Rectal and Transdermal Routes of Drug Administration." Emergency Medicine News 27, no. 9 (2005): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132981-200509000-00018.

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15

Rahman, Md Mahbubur, Ji Yeon Lee, Yong Ho Kim, and Chul-Kyu Park. "Epidural and Intrathecal Drug Delivery in Rats and Mice for Experimental Research: Fundamental Concepts, Techniques, Precaution, and Application." Biomedicines 11, no. 5 (2023): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051413.

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Epidural and intrathecal routes are the most effective drug administration methods for pain management in clinical and experimental medicine to achieve quick results, reduce required drug dosages, and overcome the adverse effects associated with the oral and parenteral routes. Beyond pain management with analgesics, the intrathecal route is more widely used for stem cell therapy, gene therapy, insulin delivery, protein therapy, and drug therapy with agonist, antagonist, or antibiotic drugs in experimental medicine. However, clear information regarding intrathecal and epidural drug delivery in

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Le Nedelec, Martin, Paul Glue, Helen Winter, Chelsea Goulton, and Natalie J. Medlicott. "The effect of route of administration on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine in rats." Journal of Psychopharmacology 32, no. 10 (2018): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881118780013.

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Background: Ketamine has been shown to produce a rapid and potent antidepressant response in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Currently ketamine is most commonly administered as a 40-minute intravenous infusion, though it is unknown whether this is the optimal route of administration. Aims: To determine the plasma concentration time course of the R- and S-enantiomers of ketamine and norketamine following administration of ketamine by four different routes of administration. Methods: Plasma from conscious non-anaesthetised rats was collected following administration of ketamine by

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Chang, Hsuan-Ping, Huyen Khanh Le, and Dhaval K. Shah. "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Administered via Subcutaneous and Intratumoral Routes." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 4 (2023): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041132.

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We hypothesize that different routes of administration may lead to altered pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) behavior of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and may help to improve their therapeutic index. To evaluate this hypothesis, here we performed PK/PD evaluation for an ADC administered via subcutaneous (SC) and intratumoral (IT) routes. Trastuzumab-vc-MMAE was used as the model ADC, and NCI-N87 tumor-bearing xenografts were used as the animal model. The PK of multiple ADC analytes in plasma and tumors, and the in vivo efficacy of ADC, after IV, SC, and IT administration were evaluat

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Karra, Geetha, R. Shireesh Kiran, Shirisha Mardanapall, and T. Rama Rao. "A REVIEW ON CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING NASAL SPRAYS." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, no. 08 (2022): 07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202213802.

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The aim of this review is to provide information regarding significant aspects and challenges in developing of nasal sprays. This article outlined the relevant aspects of nasal anatomy, physiology & biological, physicochemical and pharmaceutical factors that must be considered during formulation development of nasal sprays. Nasal drug delivery system is the most preferable route than other routes of administration as it gives rapid onset of action. It is considered as a convenient and reliable route for local and also for systemic administration of drugs. The main highlights of this review

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Homayun, Bahman, Xueting Lin, and Hyo-Jick Choi. "Challenges and Recent Progress in Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Biopharmaceuticals." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 3 (2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11030129.

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Routes of drug administration and the corresponding physicochemical characteristics of a given route play significant roles in therapeutic efficacy and short term/long term biological effects. Each delivery method has favorable aspects and limitations, each requiring a specific delivery vehicles design. Among various routes, oral delivery has been recognized as the most attractive method, mainly due to its potential for solid formulations with long shelf life, sustained delivery, ease of administration and intensified immune response. At the same time, a few challenges exist in oral delivery,

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Ripamonti, Carla, Ernesto Zecca, and Franco De Conno. "Pharmacological Treatment of Cancer Pain: Alternative Routes of Opioid Administration." Tumori Journal 84, no. 3 (1998): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169808400302.

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Cancer-related pain is present in 51% of patients at various stages of the disease, and the incidence increases up to 74% in advanced and terminal stages. The World Health Organization proposed and issued very simple guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of cancer-related pain. According to the guidelines, opioid analgesics are the mainstay of analgesic therapy, and the first choice for drug administration is considered to be the oral route. However, in some clinical situations, the oral route is not feasible, and analgesic drugs consequently have to be administered via an alternative rou

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Sofi, Balsam F., Reem Darwesh, and Nihal S. Elbialy. "Unlocking the Blood-Brain Barrier for Enhanced Curcumin Delivery Using PEGylated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles." Science of Advanced Materials 16, no. 9 (2024): 979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2024.4716.

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The blood-brain barrier is a physiological barrier that regulates the entry of substances the brain. BBB poses a challenge for delivering drugs to brain. To address this challenge, a nano-system (P/CurMSNs) was fabricated. The study evaluated P/CurMSNs potential to cross blood brain barrier, via various administration routes; intraperitoneal, intranasal, and intravenous using mice model. The intranasal administration of P/CurMSNs exhibited the most efficient curcumin delivery to the brain in 30 min, achieving 366 ±37 ng/ml relative to 264 ±22 ng/ml and 303± 41 ng/ml for intraperitoneal and int

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22

Andi Permana, Alisya Nabila Agustin, Intan Nurlaili Izzah, et al. "Review Artikel : Rute Pemberian Terbaik dari Sistem Penghantaran Obat Menuju Sistem Syaraf Pusat dari Berbagai Rute Pemberian." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 17, no. 3 (2022): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v17i3.1492.

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The development of methods to improve drug delivery for use in life-threatening diseases such as cancer and viral infections is urgently needed. Some drugs that have a drug delivery system to the central nervous system are mostly into active targeted delivery. The central nervous system is related to the human nervous system which is a complex, highly specialized and interconnected network of nerves. The functions of the nervous system include: coordinating, interpreting and controlling the interaction between the individual and the surrounding environment. The purpose of this review article i

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Ghadiri, Maliheh, Paul Young, and Daniela Traini. "Strategies to Enhance Drug Absorption via Nasal and Pulmonary Routes." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 3 (2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11030113.

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New therapeutic agents such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acid-based agents are being developed every year, making it vital to find a non-invasive route such as nasal or pulmonary for their administration. However, a major concern for some of these newly developed therapeutic agents is their poor absorption. Therefore, absorption enhancers have been investigated to address this major administration problem. This paper describes the basic concepts of transmucosal administration of drugs, and in particular the use of the pulmonary or nasal routes for administration of drugs with poor absorp

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Djou, Rahmatia, and Tenny Setiani Dewi. "Oral Manifestation Related to Drug Abuse : A Systematic Review." Dentika Dental Journal 22, no. 2 (2019): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v22i2.759.

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Drug abuse influences the pathological of oral diseases. There are scarce evidence-based data on the oral manifestations related to drug abuse. This systematic review aim to assess the oral manifestations related to drug abuse. Electronic databases were searched using keywords include oral manifestations and drug abuse. Observational studies published until September 2018 with the outcome of oral manifestations related to drug abuse were included. Data were extracted as percentage include drug type, route of administration, and oral manifestations. Study quality was assessed using the quartile

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Ashraf, Muhammad Shehzeb, Iqra Rehman, and Gul Shahnaz. "A Review of Parenteral Administration of Testing Substance in Rabbit and Mice." Global Drug Design & Development Review II, no. I (2017): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2017(ii-i).02.

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There are many publications that deal with administration of test substances to animals and removal of blood samples for different objectives. Parenteral route of drug administration includes further different routes i.e., drug administration through muscles (IM route) through veins (IV route) and through subcutaneous route. We can manage to check the outcomes of test substances within minutes when we go for IV route as in this route drug directly go to systemic circulation. Different experimental animals are utilized to check the possible outcomes of test substances that include Rabbit, mice,

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Tucker, Calvin, Lyn Tucker, and Kyle Brown. "The Intranasal Route as an Alternative Method of Medication Administration." Critical Care Nurse 38, no. 5 (2018): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2018836.

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Intranasal drug administration is a less invasive method of drug delivery that is easily accessible for adult and pediatric patients. Medications administered by the intranasal route have efficacy comparable to intravenous administration and typically have superior efficacy to subcutaneous or intramuscular routes. The intranasal route is beneficial in emergent situations when the intravenous route is not available. The intranasal route is safe and effective in various indications, and therapeutic systemic concentrations of medication can be attained via this route. As the evidence for and comf

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&NA;. "New routes of drug administration for paediatric patients." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1097 (1997): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199710970-00009.

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Aronson, Jeffrey K. "Routes of drug administration: uses and adverse effects." Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin &NA;, no. 253 (2008): 971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fad.0b013e328329bb21.

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Aronson, Jeffrey K. "Routes of drug administration: uses and adverse effects." Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin &NA;, no. 254 (2009): 975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fad.0b013e32832a0b18.

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30

Llewelyn, J. G. "Conservative treatment with alternative routes of drug administration." BMJ 310, no. 6975 (1995): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6975.311.

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Pang, Xin, Xiaoye Yang, and Guangxi Zhai. "Polymer-drug conjugates: recent progress on administration routes." Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 11, no. 7 (2014): 1075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2014.912779.

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Kumar, Rajesh, Monica Gulati, Sachin Kumar Singh, Deepika Sharma, and Omji Porwal. "Road From Nose to Brain for Treatment of Alzheimer: The Bumps and Humps." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 19, no. 9 (2020): 663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527319666200708124726.

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: Vulnerability of the brain milieu to even the subtle changes in its normal physiology is guarded by a highly efficient blood brain barrier. A number of factors i.e. molecular weight of the drug, its route of administration, lipophilic character etc. play a significant role in its sojourn through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and limit the movement of drug into brain tissue through BBB. To overcome these problems, alternative routes of drug administration have been explored to target the drugs to brain tissue. Nasal route has been widely reported for the administration of drugs for treatment

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Kumar, Tarun, Balaji Panigrahi, Mukesh Nariya, and Anup Thakar. "Pharmacokinetic analysis of Tulasi Swarasadi Taila administered through Nasya (therapeutic nasal administration) and oral route in albino rats." AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) 44, no. 3 (2023): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ayu.ayu_366_21.

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Introduction: Tulasi Swarasadi Taila (medicated oil) is a medicated oil that has been indicated for Nasya (therapeutic nasal administration) and oral administration to alleviate diseases like Pratishyaya (allergic rhinitis). The drug has been widely used through intranasal and oral routes for the management of various diseases. However, its pharmacokinetic analysis has been unexplored which urges improved methods of standardization. Aim: The study was conducted to understand the pharmacokinetic profile of Tulasi Swarasadi Taila administered through Nasya (nasal) and oral routes in albino rats.

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Ashraf, Muhammad Shehzeb, Iqra Rehman, and Gul Shahnaz. "A Review of Parenteral Administration of Testing Substance in Rabbit and Mice." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review IV, no. I (2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2019(iv-i).02.

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There are many publications that deal with the administration of test substances to animals and the removal of blood samples for different objectives. The parenteral route of drug administration includes further different routes, i.e., drug administration through muscles (IM route) through veins (IV route) and through subcutaneous route. We can manage to check the outcomes of test substances within minutes when we go for the IV route as in this route; the drug directly goes to the systemic circulation. Different experimental animals are utilized to check the possible outcomes of test substance

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Omeh, Romanus Chijioke, Mercy Ebere Ugwueze, Raymond Ogbonna Offiah, et al. "Oral drug delivery: Gastrointestinal tract adaptations, barriers and strategies for delivery enhancement - a review." Bio-Research 20, no. 3 (2022): 1685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i3.6.

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The mouth is a vital route of drug administration with over 84 % of all medicines reportedly administered through it. The gastrointestinal system is equally imbued with a lot of adaptive features that make the oral route even more conducive for systemic drug delivery. The usefulness of the oral route is, however challenged by the existence of numerous absorption barriers which limit the effective absorption and delivery of drugs to their target sites in the body systems. Understanding these adaptive attributes, systemic barriers and available strategies for overcoming such barriers will not on

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Omeh, Romanus Chijioke, Mercy Ebere Ugwueze, Raymond Ogbonna Offiah, et al. "Oral drug delivery: Gastrointestinal tract adaptations, barriers and strategies for delivery enhancement - a review." Bio-Research 20, no. 3 (2022): 1685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i3.

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The mouth is a vital route of drug administration with over 84 % of all medicines reportedly administered through it. The gastrointestinal system is equally imbued with a lot of adaptive features that make the oral route even more conducive for systemic drug delivery. The usefulness of the oral route is, however challenged by the existence of numerous absorption barriers which limit the effective absorption and delivery of drugs to their target sites in the body systems. Understanding these adaptive attributes, systemic barriers and available strategies for overcoming such barriers will not on

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Samanthula, Kumara Swamy, Shobha Rani Satla, and Agaiah Goud Bairi. "Bioadhesive polymers, permeation enhancers and types of dosage forms for buccal drug delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1 (2021): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4495.

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The buccal delivery is defined as the drug administration through the mucosal membranes lining the cheeks (buccal mucosa). The main impediment to the use of many hydrophilic macromolecular drugs as potential therapeutic agents is their inadequate and erratic oral absorption. Based on our current understanding of biochemical and physiological aspects of absorption and metabolism of many biotechnologically produced drugs, they cannot be delivered effectively through the conventional oral route. Because after oral administration many drugs are subjected to pre-systemic clearance extensive in the

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Hernández-González, Maryel, Claudia Rodríguez-González, Juan Hernández-Paz, and Imelda Olivas-Armendáriz. "Mucoadhesive polymeric systems for vaginal drug delivery: a systemic review." Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Biomédica 44, no. 2 (2023): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17488/rmib.44.2.4.

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Intravaginal drug administration has many advantages in comparison to other delivery routes: its local and systemic effect, lower dosages, and easiness of administration. Furthermore, makes it a reliable and comfortable way of therapy. This route can be used to prevent and treat a wide range of conditions including, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), hormonal treatment, birth control, and cancer treatment. The dosage forms may vary from ovules, tablets, rings, gels, creams, films and many more; lately adding the mucoadhesiveness to the characteristics to reduce the waste of active molecul

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Cheng, Yiyun, Zhenhua Xu, Minglu Ma, and Tongwen Xu. "Dendrimers as Drug Carriers: Applications in Different Routes of Drug Administration." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 97, no. 1 (2008): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.21079.

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Arora, Deepshi, Shailendra Bhatt, Manish Kumar, et al. "Intranasal Lipid Particulate Drug Delivery Systems: An Update on Clinical Challenges and Biodistribution Studies of Cerebroactive Drugs in Alzheimer’s disease." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 27 (2020): 3281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200331085854.

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Background: Alzheimer is the primary cause of death in the various countries that affects wide strata of the population. The treatment of it is restricted to a few conventional oral medications that act only superficially. It is evident that the delivery of a drug to the brain across the blood-brain barrier is challenging as the BBB is armed with several efflux transporters like the P-glycoprotein as well as nasal mucociliary clearance adds up leading to decreased concentration and reduced therapeutic efficacy. Considering these, the intranasal IN route of drug administration is emerging as an

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Bulić, Matea, and Catherine Tuleu. "Rectal Drug Delivery to Paediatric Population." Hrvatski časopis zdravstvenih znanosti 1, no. 2 (2021): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48188/hczz.1.2.5.

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Despite its unpopularity, the rectal route of paediatric drug administration remains of interest especially in pre-school children as it can overcome some drug delivery challenges with oral and parenteral routes. Few studies have been conducted on the use and acceptability of traditional rectal dosage forms (i.e., suppositories, enemas and gels) in different parts of the world. It showed that barrier to adoption could be linked with poor knowledge, little information and understanding of this administration modality. Reformulation for the rectal delivery of drugs intended for oral and/or paren

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Chandy, Thomas. "Connected polymeric drug delivery systems: A promise for the future!" Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering 6, no. 1 (2023): 2901. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v6i1.2901.

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Subcutaneous (SC) drug delivery is one of the best routes of drug administration to patients over intravenous (IV) administration due to the ease of application and patient acceptance. The main limitation of using the SC route is administering larger volumes of drug, greater than 3–5 mL for therapeutic dosages. Wearable injectors on body devices are an attractive option for larger-volume drug delivery to patients. Thus, the need for a self-administration strategy at home is growing faster and is required for the next level of time-dependent and high-volume drug delivery. The advances in low-co

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Hidayat, Rachmat, and Patricia Wulandari. "Fluid and Drug Administration Procedure Animal Model in Biomedical Research." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, no. 3 (2021): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i3.312.

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Drugs, vaccines, injectable anesthetics or other agents are to be administered, oneor more of several different routes may be selected. The routes selected aregoverned by the nature of the agent being administered, the animal, the purposeof the administration and other factors.

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Hidayat, Rachmat, and Patricia Wulandari. "Fluid and Drug Administration Procedure Animal Model in Biomedical Research." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, no. 8 (2021): 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i8.312.

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Drugs, vaccines, injectable anesthetics or other agents are to be administered, oneor more of several different routes may be selected. The routes selected aregoverned by the nature of the agent being administered, the animal, the purposeof the administration and other factors.

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Venugopalan, C. S., E. P. Holmes, V. Fucci, T. J. Keefe, and M. P. Crawford. "Cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine in heartworm-infected and noninfected dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 55, no. 8 (1994): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1994.55.08.1148.

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Summary Medetomidine, an investigational drug indicated for clinical use as a short-term chemical restraint in dogs, was evaluated for its cardiopulmonary effects, in 10 naturally heartworm-infected (HW+) and 10 noninfected (hw−) Beagles. The drug was randomly administered IV (30 μg/kg of body weight) and IM (40 μg/kg) in single injections to all dogs. Heart rate, respiratory rate, ecg, blood gas tensions, blood pH, central venous and arterial pressures were measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes. Medetomidine induced an immediate significant (P ≤ 0.001) increase in mean arterial

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Kuchekar, Ashwin Bhanudas, Ashwini Gawade, and Sanjay Boldhane. "Hydrotropic Solubilization: An Emerging Approach." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1-s (2021): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1-s.4724.

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Drug development plays an important role in patient safety and effectiveness. The therapeutic suitability of a new drug depends on the solubility. The solubility of the sparingly soluble drug remains a problem in identifying new active compounds. Solubility plays an important role in achieving optimal drug concentration. Low solubility is not only a concern for the production of formulations, but also an obstacle from the outset when identifying active chemicals for therapeutic purposes. Due to its simplicity in terms of ease of administration and economy, the oral route is the preferred route

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Mena Raid Khalil, Ghaidaa S. Hameed, and Dalya Basil Hanna. "The most common route of administration used during COVID-19." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 23, no. 1 (2023): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v23i1.990.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial symptoms include fever, cough, and dyspnea. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, GIT involvement is also possible. The COVID-19 outbreak has increased the need for alternative medicine administration routes, particularly in public places. Buccal, sublingual, and rectal administration are all considered transmucosal methods. They are self-administration options for non-invasive systemic distribution. In addition, they are great for use in palliative and end

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Murugesan, Senthilkumar, Byran Gowramma, Kaviarasan Lakshmanan, Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy Karri, and Arun Radhakrishnan. "Oral Modified Drug Release Solid Dosage Form with Special Reference to Design; An Overview." Current Drug Research Reviews 12, no. 1 (2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2589977511666191121094520.

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Oral drug delivery is the most widely utilized route of administration among all the routes that have been explored for systemic delivery of drugs via pharmaceutical products of different dosage form and this oral route provides maximum active surface area among all drug delivery system for administration of various drugs. The attractiveness of these dosage forms is due to awareness of toxicity and ineffectiveness of drugs when administered by oral conventional method in the form of tablets and capsules. Usually, conventional dosage form produces wide range of fluctuation in drug concentration

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Musumeci, Teresa, Angela Bonaccorso, and Giovanni Puglisi. "Epilepsy Disease and Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Polymeric Nanoparticles: An Overview." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 3 (2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11030118.

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Epilepsy is the fourth most common global neurological problem, which can be considered a spectrum disorder because of its various causes, seizure types, its ability to vary in severity and the impact from person to person, as well as its range of co-existing conditions. The approaches to drug therapy of epilepsy are directed at the control of symptoms by chronic administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). These AEDs are administered orally or intravenously but alternative routes of administration are needed to overcome some important limits. Intranasal (IN) administration represents an attr

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Khizer, Zara, Amina Sadia, Raman Sharma, et al. "Drug Delivery Approaches for Managing Overactive Bladder (OAB): A Systematic Review." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 5 (2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14050409.

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Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is characterised by urgency symptoms, with or without urgency incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia and severely affects the quality of life. This systematic review evaluates the various drug delivery strategies used in practice to manage OAB. Advanced drug delivery strategies alongside traditional strategies were comprehensively analysed and comparatively evaluated. The present review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. A total of 24 studies reporting the development of nove

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