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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drug- and alcohol addiction'
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King, William Alexander. "Teaching how to mentor people recovering from drug and alcohol addiction." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Yvona, Pabian Layla. "The Impact of Substance Abuse Training and Support on Psychologists' Functioning as Alcohol and Drug Counselors." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1404164706.
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Hardin, Melinda McKernan. "Issues women identify during their first three years of recovery from alcohol and drug addiction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29697.
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Research targeting the chemically dependent woman has received little attention, even though the research indicates a convergence of male and female drinking norms. Research centered on the special issues of the chemically dependent woman also needs to be extended beyond the scope of actual alcohol and drug abuse and resulting treatment to include information on what issues women face in their recovery process. The findings would help treatment providers design more successful interventions for this population.
This study used qualitative methods to investigate issues that 12 chemically dependent women, ranging in actual time in recovery from first to third year post inpatient treatment, discussed as part of a 16 week therapy group. Their recorded responses were transcribed and analyzed, using Glaser and Strauss' methods of comparative analysis, comparing the women between three groups desiginated by the divisions of first, second, and third year post inpatient treatment.
The findings indicate that all share many of the same issues, however there are marked differences between the groups. All the women had difficulties with intra- and interrelationships, finding it difficult to maintain a healthy recovery in spite of the problems they confronted in experiencing reality without mind-altering substances.
Many issues were influenced by the subjects' family of origin history and sex-role orientation. Conflicts in role obligations resulting in work, family, parenting, and relationship problems surfaced. All the women were aware of additional substance and compulsive dependencies that they would like to
eliminate; however, avoiding relapse of their alcohol/drug addiction was the major concern for most.
The findings reveal that the longer women spent time actively undertaking a concerted program of recovery, the more they experienced integration into the rest of society, and that the acquisition of life skills and resolution of the past were important factors to the success of this integration. The categories and theme issues that emerged from the analysis have implications for social work practice, policy, and further research.Arts, Faculty of
Social Work, School of
Graduate
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Stennett, Bethany Ann. "Novel Therapy for Nicotine Addiction in Alcohol Dependent Rats." UNF Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/465.
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The co-dependence of nicotine and alcohol addiction occurs at high rates, complicates treatment, and is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment options of alcohol and tobacco co-dependence are limited. Currently, there are drugs available for nicotine dependence or alcohol dependence. However, there are no therapeutic drugs available on the market for the co-dependence of nicotine and alcohol. Therefore, and important opportunity of new therapeutic options and drug development has presented itself. NT69L, a non-selective neurotensin (NT) agonist, provides a potential novel therapy for nicotine addiction in alcoholics by interacting with the common neurotransmitter circuits supporting the rewarding process for both nicotine and alcohol. Considering the behavioral effects of NT69L in attenuating nicotine self-administration in rats and alcohol consumption in mice, the present study was designed to assess the effects of NT69L as a new drug. NT69L was used in the treatment of nicotine addiction in an animal model of alcoholics and in attempts to attenuate withdrawal signs associated with nicotine and alcohol dependence. Wistar rats pre-exposed to alcohol vapor or air were allowed to self-infuse nicotine (0.03mg/kg/infusion) or saline. When the rats reached a stable level of responding, the effect of pretreatment with NT69L (1mg/kg i.p.) on the reinforcing effect of nicotine was determined. Animals self-infused nicotine at a significantly (p < .05) higher rate compared to saline in both air and alcohol vapor exposed groups. Acute pretreatment with a single injection of NT69L significantly (p < .05) reduced nicotine self-infusion in both the alcohol vapor and the air exposed groups for 5 days post-injection. Additionally, NT69L attenuated the alcohol- and nicotine-induced withdrawal signs associated with the discontinuation of alcohol and nicotine administration. Neurotensin agonist, NT69L, may represent a potential novel therapy to treat the co-addiction of alcohol and nicotine.
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Robertson, Paul James, and n/a. "Korero te hikoi : Maori men talk the walk of addiction treatment." University of Otago. Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070430.100135.
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Narratives of 'being Maori in addiction' have developed in a context in which Maori have been constituted as both 'drunken savages' and 'traditionally' abstinent. Discourses of colonialism and ongoing marginalisation, not to mention resistance, have been most salient in Maori narratives, while those focused on 'cultural deficit' have been more prominent within hegemonic narratives. The goal of the current thesis was to increase understanding of the construction of being Maori in addiction' by: i) identifying key discursive resources used to constitute related subject positions; and ii) identifying the ways in which such resources were deployed to accomplish particular tasks.
A review of influential texts identified several core discourses, which located Maori within 'traditions' of collectivity, spirituality and connection with the land. However, the ongoing impact of colonisation, including contemporary alienation from 'tradition', and construction of Maori as the inferior 'other' within hegemonic narratives were prominent. Discourses of addiction have characteristically been based on biological notions of 'disease' and 'disorder', however, psychosocial discourse has become prominent more recently. The '12 Steps' of Alcoholic Anonymous, which provided the primary resource for participants with regard to 'addiction', also includes explicit discourses of spirituality.
The current thesis was implemented within a methodological framework, kaupapa Maori. In this context deconstructive discourse analysis was identied as the most appropriate means of analysing interview data gathered from 11 men attending a 'addiction treatment' programme.
The results indicated that while 'tradition' was central to narratives of 'being Maori', dicources of alienation and loss were equally salient. In terms of 'addiction', discourses of genetic inheritance were most prominent, although psychosocially constituted 'underlying issues' were also clearly located as being important. Such 'issues' were linked to both general life experiences and 'being Maori'. 'Treatment' narratives revolved around transformative narratives of 'self'. As participants disconnected themselves from 'addiction' and 'underlying issues', they reconnected with their positive ;essential self', previously compromised by 'addiction'.
Two main discourses were utilised in terms of the relationship between 'being Maori' and 'addiction'. The first, deployed in aetiological narratives, constituted an inevitable link between 'being Maori' and substance use. The second, more prominent in 'treatment' narratives, located substance use as antithetical to 'Maori culture'.
While both Maori and 12 Step 'traditions' were highlighted in participants' narratives, the latter tended to be privileged. 'Being Maori' was identified as important, or at least relevant, however, the opportunity to engage with integrated indigenised narratives of 'addiction' appeared to be limited by several factors. Essentialist 'tradition', for example, tended to be uncritically privileged within discourses that failed to account for contemporary 'diverse Maori realities', ignoring the complexities of relations between and within Te Ao Maori and Te Ao Pakeha. Additionally, '12 Step' discourses of 'treatment' limited construction of more broadly focused narratives of 'recovery'. Overall, the results indicated a clear need for Maori 'addiction treatments' to avoid essentialist notions of 'tradition' and support integrated narratives of 'being Maori in addication', which reflect the varied needs, capacity and experiences of individuals and whanau.
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Blume, Jenna. "An Attitude of Gratitude| How a Grateful Disposition Impacts Relapse During Recovery from Drug and Alcohol Addiction." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1568606.
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Consistent with the contemporary positive psychology movement, dispositional gratitude has gained considerable empirical evidence as a valuable emotion in increasing an individual's subjective well-being; however, gratitude has not yet been validated as a contributing factor to sobriety in individuals in recovery from drug and alcohol addiction. In the current study, participants were self-selected outpatients and staff members in recovery at a drug and alcohol addiction treatment center. The researcher assessed respondents' psychological symptoms, coping skills, dispositional gratitude, experience of relapse or abstinence, and demographic influences. Results indicated a significant negative correlation between gratitude and relapse, suggesting that a grateful disposition has emotional and psychological benefits for individuals in recovery from substance addiction. Additional findings revealed that the coping strategy of using alcohol or other drugs to feel better was statistically significant and made the strongest unique contribution to relapse; coping strategies including gratitude and religion/spirituality, although not statistically significant, each contributed less to the variance in relapse amongst participants. Finally, results suggest that education made the strongest unique contribution to relapse, which was statistically significant, while annual household income made less of a contribution and was not statistically significant. Research limitations, clinical implications, and future directions for the field are discussed.
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Tallon, Valerie Patricia. "Healing the wounded self : a constructive grounded theory study on recovery from alcohol and drug addiction in Scotland." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627905.
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Background The national alcohol and drug strategies signalled a shift in national policy on how treatment for alcohol and drug addiction should be conceptualised and ultimately operationalised within Scotland. The research to inform local practice however has primarily been conducted in America or drawn from the mental health recovery field in the United Kingdom. Aims The aim of this study was therefore to develop a coherent theory of recovery from alcohol and drug addiction in order to inform policy and practice and guide the local implementation of recovery orientated systems of care. Methods The study methodology was guided by constructivist grounded theory and was thus based on the lived experience of thirty-seven individuals in recovery from addiction and twenty one people who had experience of addiction within their family. All participants were recruited via theoretical sampling from within community based recovery groups, mutual aid fellowships (Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Al-Anon), staff working within treatment settings and the wider community. Findings The core category of recovery was identified as “Healing the Wounded Self” in the recognition that recovery from addiction was essentially a journey of personal and spiritual growth. This study demonstrates the relevance of our early years in the formation of our earliest memories of self-hood and how these can shape our life trajectory.
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Dodd, Dan D. "Is There a Relationship Between Alcohol/Drug Counselor's Strength of Belief in the Disease Concept of Addiction and Burnout?" Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1450817901.
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McLachlan, Andre David. "Addiction Phenomenology In Substance Use And Non-Substance Use Disorders." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2314.
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There is growing research evidence and public concern over the burgeoning of disorders which share common features with substance addictions. In order to investigate the presence and role of addiction features in disorders outside of substance addictions, symptoms of addiction were explored within three addiction groups: alcohol dependence (AD), an established addiction (n = 24); pathological gambling (PG) a disorder with growing empirical support as an addiction (n = 20); and compulsive shopping (CS), a proposed 'novel' addiction(n = 20). Participants were recruited from either the general population, or from the Auckland Salvation Army Bridge residential alcohol and drug treatment programme; Salvation Army Oasis Gambling Service; Pacific Peoples Addiction Service Incorporated; or Te Kahui Hauora O Ngati Koata Trust. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures comprising a demographics questionnaire; Addictive Disorder Questionnaire (ADQ); anxiety and depression subscales of the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R); Barratt Impulsivity Scale II-r; and substance specific adaptations of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Three general categories of addiction symptoms: physiological, salience and dyscontrol, were identified as broad aspects of addiction, common across all three groups. Measurable aspects of addiction, including impulsivity, obsessions, anxiety and depression were found to be endorsed similarly across the three addictions, irrespective of the severity of their addiction. Compulsions were found to be higher in the AD group. Higher anxiety was found to be correlated with higher addiction in the behavioural addictions (CS and PG), whereas depression and anxiety were associated with higher addiction severity in the AD group. The results provide support for broadening addiction diagnostic definitions, to be more encompassing of the psychological and physiological experiences of each symptom; and developing different diagnostic categories for non-substance addictions that reflect the severity of the addiction. Results also provide evidence for developmental phases of addiction, from an early 'hedonistic' impulsive phase, to a compulsive phase, in which increased dyscontrol, mood and anxiety, marks the severity of the addiction.
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Adams, Ruby Lee. "Long term drug and alcohol treatment program: An outcome study comparing secular-based treatment with faith-based treatment for addiction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1842.
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The study was conducted to see if there is as much or more of a difference in outcome of treatment for addiction in faith-based treatment than secular-based treatment. The research was conducted using a sample of thirty-seven respondents from various sites in Southern California who volunteered to fill out the questionnaire. Data was collected using a self-administrated survey questionnaire.
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Crosby, Helen Fiona. "Development of the Brief Addiction Therapist Scale (BATS) : a tool for evaluating therapist delivery of psychological therapies for alcohol and drug use problems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22671/.
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This thesis describes the development of the BATS: a brief, evidence-based tool monitoring and evaluating therapists' delivery of psychological therapies used in routine practice for alcohol and drug use problems. The BATS is transtheoretical, applicable to the range of widely used therapies in addiction. Four studies were undertaken to develop the BATS. Study 1 identified twenty-six fidelity measures from the literature that evaluate therapists' delivery of psychological therapies for alcohol and drug use problems. Study 2 generated items and response formats for potential inclusion in the BATS using the identified measures as a basis. Generation of the items was primarily based on the results of a thematic analysis; eighteen exemplar items were developed. Study 3 generated a consensus among experts in the fields of addiction and psychotherapy on the content of the BATS. A consensus was obtained using a three-round Delphi survey. At the conclusion of the third round, group agreement on the 12 scale items and response format was reached. This content formed the first version of the BATS. Study 4 tested the psychometric properties of the newly developed scale. The results provided support for inter-rater reliability and convergent validity. The BATS provides a reliable and valid method for evaluating treatment delivery in routine practice, helping to improve our understanding of the process of therapy in addiction. The real world application of the BATS provides a useful tool for training and supervision, which has the potential to impact on therapist competence and treatment delivery.
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Lewis, J. Ben. "POLYAMINE MODULATION IN ALCOHOLISM: EXAMINATION USING A NOVEL SCREENING PROCEDURE DESIGNED TO PREDICT ANTI-RELAPSE AND NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFICACY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/851.
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Alcohol dependence is a major public health concern. Despite the FDA’s approval of multiple anti-relapse drugs, relapse rates remain unacceptably high. Furthermore, cognitive deficits among chronic drinkers are evident and are suggested to contribute to relapse risk. Current evidence suggests that several critical features of alcoholism and alcohol-associated neurodegeneration are mechanistically linked to glutamatergic actions; specifically, they appear positively affected by glutamatergic inhibition, particularly inhibition via polyamine modulation of a subpopulation of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. The current project was designed to evaluate the performance of two putative polyamine modulators (JR-220 and CP-101,606) in a variety of screens designed to identify the potential to reduce withdrawal severity, neurotoxicity and relapse risk. Screens included a complex organotypic screen designed to assess neuroprotective potential (Experiment 1), a simple behavioral screen designed to assess withdrawal severity (Experiment 2) as well as several more complex behavioral screens designed to examine cue-conditioning during withdrawal (Experiment 3), relapse behavior (Experiment 4), stress-associated consumption (Experiment 5) and binge-like consumption (Experiment 6). An additional open field experiment (Experiment 7) was conducted in order to address interpretational issues concerning activity in Experiments 2-6. Finally, as a first step in moving beyond simple screening, we expanded our binge screen to adhere more closely to an established, validated model of binge consumption (Experiment 8). While some interpretational issues were noted, taken together, the results from these experiments provide strong evidence for both drugs as potential pharmacotherapies for alcoholism and further implicate polyamines and NR2B subunits as critical mechanisms in ETOH consumption and withdrawal.
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Clark, Marlene Fern. "Evaluating program and client characteristics associated with early dropout in an outpatient drug and alcohol clinic: A restrospective study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1560.
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Ponder, Fred T. (Fred Thomas). "Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs in Selected Universities in the South and Southwest." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330955/.
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The problem addressed in this study is how selected universities in the South and Southwest recognize and attempt to deal with alcohol use and other drug use among students. The purpose of the study was to determine current practices and policies concerning student alcohol and drug use among the 20 selected universities. The data were obtained by means of a descriptive survey questionnaire which was mailed to 20 selected universities under the jurisdiction of the Southern Regional Accrediting Board. The instrument was designed to identify practices and programs concerning student alcohol and drug use. A copy of each institution's alcohol and drug policy was requested. The content and procedures of the programs implemented by the responding institutions were reviewed, in order to evaluate the extent and degree to which they provide for the recognition, education, intervention, and treatment for students with alcohol- or drug-use problems. Results are presented in tabular form. Of the 20 major state-supported universities which were mailed questionnaires, 75% returned usable instruments. All responding institutions felt they have an alcohol or drug problem of some magnitude, and all either have, or believe they have, some kind of policy to deal with substance use by students. All of the responding institutions also indicate that they have various programs in operation which deal with student substance use and abuse. Since this was a regional study the results are not necessarily generalizable. On the basis of the literature reviewed and the survey responses received, an authentic problem with student alcohol and drug use exists on campus. The institutions surveyed appear to recognize a problem; however, the results of this study reveal that most have yet to develop an effective or coordinated strategy to combat student alcohol and drug abuse.
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Merchant, Zain Farook. "A study on the depiction of drug usage, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in movies and its perceived effect on a young audience. A comparative study of American and Indian cinema and their respective Audiences." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4826.
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This study analyzes the depiction of drug usage, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in
movies in terms of character stereotyping and typecasting. Because movies are focused on making money they are being used as marketing tools by alcohol and cigarette conglomerates (Grube, 2004). The study also explores youth perception of such content and tries to determine the behavioral implications or influence of such content on young children. The goal of this research is to analyze the social cognitive influence of movies on the youth and the effects of censorship in movies today. The research compares this effect in the two largest movie markets - the American market (Hollywood) and the Indian market (Bollywood) and the effect of these depictions on the youth to see whether this issue warrants a global understanding and awareness. The aim of this study is to understand the nature of the movie markets and the depiction of such content in movies. It analyses the issue solely from the perspective of a youth audience to better understand how the youth today perceive movies and to see if depiction of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and drug usage has a positive or negative effect on the youth audience. A part of the analysis of the study is to also better understand censorship techniques employed for both movie markets to see if they are effective or need to be improved upon. Finally the study asks the question of social responsibility and whether movies and movie stars have a responsibility to maintain higher censorship standards or they are merely depiction art through the medium and should not be held accountable for their depictions on screen.
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Cantacorps, Centellas Lídia 1991. "Effects of maternal binge alcohol consumption on emotional, cognitive and addictive behaviour in mice." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667941.
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Maternal alcohol binge drinking during pregnancy can be deleterious for the developing foetus, leading to a wide range of long-lasting morphological and neurobehavioural disabilities known as foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, associated with a higher risk of developing substance use disorders later in life. We sought to assess the effects of prenatal and postnatal alcohol exposure on cognitive, emotional, motor and addictive behaviour in mice and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Pregnant C57BL/6 female mice underwent a procedure to model alcohol binge drinking either during gestation or throughout both the gestation and lactation periods. Then, male offspring were assessed for their behaviour at adulthood. Binge alcohol exposure during early brain development induces cognitive deficits, increased anxiety-like behaviour, motor coordination impairments, and age-dependent locomotor activity alterations. Behavioural effects are associated with an upregulation of pro-inflammatory signalling, gliosis, neuronal death, myelin impairments and epigenetic modifications in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, early alcohol exposed mice show alterations in brain network connectivity. Curcumin treatment ameliorates anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions, and rescues alcohol-induced neuroinflammation. In addition, mice exposed to alcohol in utero and postnatally show increased susceptibility to later alcohol and cocaine intake compared with their counterparts. Molecular analyses of the prefrontal cortex and striatum of these animals suggest alterations in the glutamatergic excitability within the mesocorticolimbic reward system following cocaine-induced reinstatement. Altogether, our results reveal that maternal binge-like alcohol consumption induces molecular alterations in offspring’s brain that may underlie the long-lasting impairments in offspring’s behaviour.El consum maternal d’alcohol en afartament durant l’embaràs pot resultar perjudicial per al fetus en desenvolupament, donant lloc a una àmplia gamma de discapacitats físiques i mentals conegudes com a trastorns de l’espectre alcohòlic fetal que persisteixen al llarg de la vida i estan associades a un major risc de desenvolupar trastorns d’ús de substàncies en el futur. En aquesta tesi hem tractat d’avaluar els efectes de l’exposició prenatal i postnatal a l’alcohol en la conducta cognitiva, emocional, motora i addictiva en ratolins i els mecanismes moleculars subjacents a aquests. Les femelles de ratolins C57BL/6 embarassades van ser sotmeses a un procediment per modelar el consum d’alcohol en afartament durant la gestació o bé, al llarg dels períodes de gestació i lactància. A continuació es va avaluar el comportament de la descendència masculina a l’edat adulta. S’ha observat que l’exposició d’alcohol en afartament durant el desenvolupament cerebral indueix dèficits cognitius, augment de l’ansietat, alteracions de coordinació motora i de l’activitat locomotora en funció de l’edat. Els efectes del comportament estan associats a un increment de la senyalització proinflamatòria, gliosi, mort neuronal, deteriorament de la mielina i modificacions epigenètiques en el còrtex prefrontal i l’hipocamp, així com també alteracions en la connectivitat de la xarxa neuronal. El tractament de curcumina alleuja l’ansietat i les disfuncions cognitives, i restableix la neuroinflamació induïda per l’alcohol. A més, els ratolins exposats a l’alcohol durant la gestació i la lactància mostren una major susceptibilitat a la ingesta posterior d’alcohol i cocaïna en comparació amb els seus homòlegs. Els anàlisis moleculars de l’escorça prefrontal i de l’estriat d’aquests animals suggereixen la presència d’alteracions en l’excitabilitat glutamatèrgica en el sistema de recompensa mesocorticolimbic després de la recaiguda induïda per cocaïna. En conjunt, els nostres resultats indiquen que el consum maternal d’alcohol en afartament provoca alteracions moleculars en el cervell de la descendència com a mecanisme subjacent a les alteracions relatives al comportament persistents.
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Persson, Johanna, and Songhee Nordlander. "Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att vårda patienter som lider av drog- och alkoholmissbruk : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-854.
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Bakgrund: Alkohol- och drogmissbruk är idag ett utbrett problem som drabbar minst 15,3 miljoner människor världen över. Det råder en allmän stigmatisering i dagens samhälle mot missbrukare, bland gemene man samt inom hälso- och sjukvården. Denna stigmatisering har skapats dels på grund av den bild media skapar av den stereotypa missbrukaren och dels på grund av okunskap. Sjuksköterskor hyser ofta fördomar mot denna patientgrupp vilket kan leda till bristfällig vård. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenhet och upplevelse av att vårda patienter som missbrukar alkohol och droger. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på fem kvalitativa studier, tre kvantitativa studier och en mixad studie. Resultat: Fyra teman kunde urskiljas; attityder, kunskapsbehov, starka känslor och vårdande relationer. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor hyser fördomar och har negativa attityder mot patienter som lider av missbruk. Kunskapsbehovet är stort och bristen på kunskap påverkar vården negativt. Vård av denna patientgrupp ger upphov till starka (ofta negativa) känslor hos sjuksköterskor. Den vårdande relationens karaktär är beroende av sjuksköterskans inställning. Klinisk betydelse: Studien kan ge sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal en inblick i ämnet och inspirera till en mer fördomsfri vård.Background: Drug- and alcohol addiction is a widespread problem in the world today and at least 15, 3 million people suffer from drug- and alcohol addiction. Stigma against addicts, caused by a lack of knowledge and an image of the stereotypical addict perpetuated by media, is widely spread in today’s society amongst the general public as well as healthcare professionals. Nurses are often prejudiced against this group of patients which can cause inadequate care. Aim: To describe nurse's knowledge and experience of caring for patients who suffer from drug- and alcohol addiction. Method: A literature review consisting of five qualitative studies, three quantitative studies and one mixed method study. Result: Four themes were identified; attitudes, knowledge, strong emotions and caring relationships. Conclusion: Nurses are found to have negative attitudes and be prejudiced against patients who suffer from addiction. Lack of knowledge affects the care negatively and the need for knowledge is great. Caring for this group of patients generates strong feelings, which are often negative, in nurses. The characteristics of the caring relationship are dependent on the nurses’ attitude. Clinical significance: This study may give nurses and other health professionals an insight into the matter and inspire a more open-minded care.
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Irvin, Miriam, and Wilma Shepard. "A qualitative research study on fetal alcohol syndrome." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/978.
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Attonito, Jennifer. "The Influence of Neurocognitive Impairment, Alcohol and other Drug (AOD) Use, and Psychosocial Factors on Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence, Service Utilization and Viral Load Among HIV-Seropositive Adults." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/968.
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Among people living with HIV (PLWH), adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can be affected by problems of neurocognitive (NC) impairment, stress, alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse, and other barriers. The aims of this research were to: (1) examine factors associated with NC impairment, (2) explore relationships between psychosocial variables with ART adherence and viral load (VL), and (3) evaluate the efficacy of an evidence-based intervention in improving ART adherence, increasing service utilization, and decreasing VL.
The first study (n=370) was cross sectional and used structural equation modeling to test whether AOD use, years living with HIV, and time from HIV diagnosis to seeking care were associated with poorer NC functioning. The second study (n=246) used similar methods to test the hypothesis that stress, barriers to adherence, NC impairment, poor social support, and AOD use were related to lower VL mediated by ART adherence. The third study (n=243) evaluated an evidence-based, eight-session program to improve ART adherence, reduce VL, and increase service utilization in a randomized controlled trial. Study participants were PLWH living in South Florida, 18 to 60 years old, with a history of alcohol abuse enrolled from January 2009 through November 2012.
Secondary analysis of available data showed: (1) scores on interference with executive functioning increased by 0.32 for each day of marijuana use and 1.18 for each year living with HIV, but no association was found between alcohol use and NC functioning; (2) each barrier to adherence was associated with a 10% decrease in adherence to ART and a 0.42 unit increase in VL (log10) and the relationship between barriers and VL was partially mediated by ART adherence; (3) participants in the evidence-based program were more likely than the comparison group to report an undetectable VL (OR=2.25, p
Psychosocial factors affect VL, but ART adherence is essential in achieving an undetectable VL in PLWH.
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Ambjörnsson, Erik, and Jimmy Fungmark. ""Vad du behöver göra är att bestämma dig för att bli drogfri och följa den planen" : En netnografisk studie om missbruksvård." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75477.
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The aim of this study is to research the effect stigmatization has on alcohol and drug abusers. Furthermore the purpose is to understand if stigmatization prevents people from seeking professional treatment in order to overcome their addiction. This is done using a qualitative approach, seeking knowledge on one of Sweden’s biggest online forums, Flashback. In order to gain knowledge from people who themselves suffer from addiction this study is based on several discussions in forum threads where addiction treatment is discussed. To analyse the data and research how stigmatization affects individuals with an addiction Goffman’s theory of stigma is used. To further analyse the result Scheff’s notion of shame and Cooley’s looking-glass self is used. The most prominent way to become free from addiction that was discussed was to strengthen your character or in other ways retake control of your own life. People often thought the reason a person was stuck in addiction was because of weak character or other character flaws. Drug and alcohol abusers was often portrayed as unsuccessful individuals. This shows how stigmatization of drug and alcohol abuse is reproduced. Professional treatment was in some cases discussed as a helpful method to help battle addiction, though not as often as the “strengthen your character” alternative. The result also shows that people stuck in addiction is not a homogeneous group where there is a consensus on how to best battle addiction. In contrast the result shows that everyone seems to carry their own opinion on how to best overcome addiction.
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Berglund, Amanda, and Linda Norman. "Att vårda personer med substansmissbruk - sjuksköterskors perspektiv." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49115.
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Bakgrund: Substansmissbruk är ett växande folkhälsoproblem vilket leder till att sjuksköterskor möter personer med missbruksproblematik i större utsträckning än tidigare. Denna grupp vårdsökande löper ökad risk att utsättas för stigmatisering till följd av bristande kunskap om substansmissbruk och beroende. Detta kan medföra negativa konsekvenser gällande personcentrerad vård vilket kan innebära sämre vårdkvalitet för personer med substansmissbruk. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda personer med substansmissbruk. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ design och induktiv ansats. Sammanställning av elva vetenskapliga artiklar som kvalitetsgranskats och sedan analyserats utifrån fem steg. Resultat: Resultatet visar att flertalet faktorer påverkar vården av personer med substansmissbruk. Två kategorier framträdde under analysen. Kategorin Kunskapsluckor redovisas med tre underkategorier (Specifik kunskap, Tillitsfull vård samt Professionellt ansvar). Den andra kategorin; Etiska utmaningar redovisas i två underkategorier (Jämlik vård trots rädsla samt Frustration och otillräcklighet). Slutsats: Det finns okunskap hos sjuksköterskor gällande vårdsökande personer med substansmissbruk. Kunskapsbristen kan leda till fördomar och osäkerhet hos sjuksköterskor vilket kan göra det utmanande att vårda personcentrerat. Konsekvensen ka bli försämrad vård för denna grupp vårdsökande. Ökad kunskap samt större erfarenhet är nödvändig för att förbättra vårdkvaliteten för personer med substansmissbruk.Background: Substance abuse is a growing public health problem. This group of care seekers is at increased risk of stigma settings because of general ignorance regarding substance abuse and addiction. This may lead to negative consequences when it comes to offering person-centered care to this group of people. Aim: To describe nurses’ experiences of caring for people with substance abuse. Method: A literature review with qualitative design and an inductive approach. A compilation of eleven scientific articles which has been quality checked and then analyzed from five steps. Findings: There are several elements affecting the medical care for persons with substance abuse. Two categories emerged through the analysis. The first category: Lack of knowledge is described in three subcategories (Specific knowledge, Reliant care and Professional responsibility). The other category: Ethical challenges is described in two subcategories (Equal care despite of fear and Frustration and inadequacy). Conclusion: There is a general ignorance amongst nurses’ regarding the care for people with substance abuse. The lack of knowledge might stimulate preconceptions and insecurity among nurses. Increased knowledge and greater experience are needed to improve person-centered care for this group of care seekers.
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Haptén, Oscar, and Love Severin. "Återhämtning från alkohol och drogproblem : - en fenomenologisk studie av fyra människors återhämtningsprocesser." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-72372.
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The aim of this study is to increase understanding about addiction recovery. More specifically, we want to know what people who have had problems with alcohol and/or other drugs perceive as helpful and important for their recovery process and how we can understand this process. The study was conducted by means of qualitative semi-structured interviews with four people who have had alcohol and/or other drug problems. The analysis is based on a transtheoretical model of change from addictive behaviours, coping, interactionist theories and also a recovery perspective, inspired by research on recovery from mental illness . Main findings are that recovery from addiction can be understood as an individual process that takes place in a social context and can follow expected phases, although there are large individual differences in the process. Through the recovery process it has been of importance to the participants in the study to redefine themselves and their problems, get support from others, find ways to cope with their problems, get involved in meaningful activities and to expand their social roles. Internal and external processes that are not directly related to drug use also appear to be important for the recovery from addiction.
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Kihlström, Jofen. "Böjelser & begär : en kritik av medicinens beroendebegrepp." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1187.
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This book is an attempt to formulate a sociological theory of the phenomena which is otherwise known as substance abuse and substance dependency in the medical field. The first step toward such a theory is a critique of how DSM-IV presents diagnostic criteria for substance abuse and substance dependency as if these criteria are valid and reliable ways of measuring mental illness and bodily dysfunction. I point to the fact that these criteria neither are valid or reliable variables for measurement nor theoretically grounded defi nitions of the phenomena. My point is that diagnosis is an elaborate way of disguising moral judgments as medical assessments of illness or dysfunction. The second step towards the formulation of my theory goes via my empirical study of nine men and women who call themselves sex and love addicts. By conducting deep interviews with them I conclude that it is impossible to talk about sex and love addiction without constantly referring to stereotypes and widely held assumptions of alcoholics and drug addicts. Moreover it is apparent that these men and women are making moral judgments about themselves rather than pointing to some form of genuine disruption which they cannot control. From my critique and my empirical study I am able to identify a number of areas that a theory of addiction, as opposed to the medical view where this phenomena are being broken down in two sub categories (abuse and dependency), must be able to handle to explain addiction generally and specifically in relation to alcohol, drugs, sex and other forms of social deviance. A number of philosophical hallmarks of medicine is also identifi ed and seen as part of the problem, therefore I mean that a successful theory of addiction must transcend the mind body dualism of Descartes as it is a cornerstone in the medical view upon and understanding of humans. By reconstructing the habitus and field concepts in Pierre Bourdieus theory of practice I mean that it is possible to understand addiction from an action theory point of view. This discussion is also broadened by a pragmatist discussion of the mind and a neo meadian theory of the emotional self. My conclusion is that addiction can be understood and explained within an action theory which focus upon individual as well as collective action and understand this as habitual practice that is partly embodied and therefore not discursive – habits of which we cannot easily speak is seen as one of the compelling components in addiction rather than a mythical loss of control which is nowhere to be found but as a rhetoric grip stemming from the AA view upon addiction as a disease.
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Henriksen, Kari. "Å leve i en flyktig tilstand – og ønske seg et annet liv. : Hvordan kvinner med rusproblemer forstår sine rusproblemer og hvordan de opplever å fortelle om det. Hvordan opplever kvinnene at ansatte i helse- og sosialtjenesten møter dem og det de forteller." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3309.
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Kvinners opplevelse av hva deres rusproblem er, påvirker hva de søker hjelp for og hvordan de opplever den hjelpen de får. Rusbruken påvirker deres egenskaper (vilje, evner, deres normalitet og deres fasade), deres tilhørighet (normal, vanlig kvinne, likevel unormal og anderledes, en del av en familie og et sosialt nettverk, men likevel ensomme og isolerte) og deres tilstand (som syke og nærmest døende, men likevel friske og levende). De beveger seg langs disse aksene. Hvor de befinner seg er avhengig av situasjoner de er i og følelser de har, eller får som et resultat av situasjonene. Kvinnenes opplevelse av hva rusbruken er for dem, påvirker hvordan de opplever at ansatte møter dem. De opplever å bli inkludert eller ekskludert, å bli forstått eller misforstått, å eie sitt problem eller bli fremmedgjort for det. De opplever å bli møtt som likeverdige personer eller å bli degradert som menneske og de opplever å få tro på at det nytter, at de får håp om en framtid eller opplever mistro og håpløshet. Ansatte konfronterte, var i dialog over tid og avgrenset problemet i sine møter med kvinnene. Ble kvinnene ble møtt på sammensattheten i deres problemforståelse og verdsatt som hele personer, var konfrontasjon og dialog over tid gode strategier. Erkjennelse av rusproblemene kommer fram over tid og er ikke en bevisst og avgrenset tanke hos kvinnene når de oppsøker hjelp. Fokus på rusbruk må derfor holdes oppe over tidHow women experience their drug dependency influence why they seek help and how they experience the help they are receiving. Use of drugs affects their human qualities (will or abilities, normality and appearance), it influence their experience of belonging (being normal, ordinary, abnormal and different, as part of a normal family with an ordinary social network but yet isolated and lonesome) and their condition (sickness and nearly dying, well-being and healthy). They move along these axis. Where they are depend on the situations they are in and the feelings they have or get in the situation. This influence on how they experience communication with helpers. They experience inclusion and exclusion, understanding and misunderstanding. They experience ownership of their problems and becoming aliensto them. They are either treated as equals or degrated as human beings. They experience hope and trust or mistrust and hopelessness. The professionals used confrontation, dialogue over time or delimitation of the problem.Dialogue and confrontation was useful strategies if the the professionels showed understanding for the compexity of the womens problems. Their experiences in the meetings influenced whether they were working along with their drug/alcohol problems or whether they continued to use drugs and alcohol. Their recognition of their problems with drugs/alcohol reveals over time. It is not conscious and concrete in their minds. Focus on drugs/alcohol must therefore be persistant over time
ISBN 91-7997-117-2
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Merritt, Lindsay Nicole. "Exploring the Association of Victimization and Alcohol and Marijuana Use among American Indian Youth Living On or Near Reservations: a Mixed Methods Study." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4396.
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Adolescent substance use research has yet to consider victimization as a potential risk factor contributing to alcohol and marijuana use among American Indian youth living on or near reservations, despite the presence of traumatic experiences, childhood adverse events, racism, and discrimination. Contribution to this lack of attention may be due to little being known about American Indian youth victimization. Even less is known about its association with alcohol and marijuana use in general and for those youth living on or near reservations in particular.
This study utilizes mixed methods with a nationally representative sample of American Indian youth living on or near reservations in the first phase. A qualitative study in the second phase followed up with a group of practitioners serving American Indian youth living on or near a reservation to explore the association between victimization and alcohol and marijuana use. Understanding the perceptions of practitioners presents an opportunity for collaborative knowledge creation on the conceptualization of victimization and its relationship to alcohol and marijuana use.
A secondary data analysis utilizing ordinary least squares regression yielded several significant contributions to alcohol and marijuana user levels when the models were run with the sample intact and when run by gender and compared side-by-side. Extending these findings to a qualitative follow-up produced themes that illustrated practitioner conceptualizations of victimization and perceptions about the influence of these experiences on alcohol and marijuana use among the American Indian youth they serve. Study findings inform or enhance substance use treatment design, delivery, and policy, and to advocate for tribal sovereignty and self-determination.
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Santos, Mariana Martins Siqueira. "Avaliação do consumo de álcool e drogas em pacientes com Doença Falciforme (DF) em tratamento no Centro de Referência de Doença Falciforme do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164321.
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O consumo de drogas e álcool constitui cada vez mais um problema social e de saúde pública, pelas consequências negativas que provocam no desenvolvimento emocional e físico dos indivíduos. Existem poucas referências na literatura avaliando o uso destas substâncias por portadores de doença falciforme (DF). Estes pacientes apresentam crises álgicas severas, recorrentes, frequentemente controladas por opióides. O comprometimento da qualidade de vida predispõe a ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos não-psicóticos, como depressão por exemplo, tornando o grupo vulnerável ao uso abusivo de substâncias. Objetivos: avaliar o consumo de álcool e drogas em pacientes portadores de DF acompanhados pelo Centro de Referência de Doença Falciforme (CRAF) do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), estimar o percentual de pacientes em tratamento da doença falciforme que fazem uso abusivo de álcool e drogas, e colaborar com o estudo que avaliará a efetividade de um centro de referência multidisciplinar para esta população. Métodos: estudo transversal, de uma amostra de conveniência, com 139 pacientes portadores de DF acompanhados no CRAF do HCPA. Resultados: a prevalência do uso abusivo foi de 1,5% para o álcool e 3,0% para o tabaco, e não se identificou o uso abusivo de outras substâncias, inclusive opióides. O padrão para o uso de substâncias não foi influenciado pela exposição ou por transtornos psiquiátricos não-psicóticos. Conclusão: São necessários mais estudos para reforçar estes achados, mas demonstra-se a segurança do uso de analgésicos opióides para o manejo das crises dolorosas apresentadas pelos portadores de DF.Drug abuse is increasingly becoming a social and public health problem, because of the negative consequences that such abuse causes on the emotional and physical development of individuals. There are few references in the literature evaluating the use of these substances by individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). These patients have severe and recurrent pain crises, frequently needing opioids drugs to control it. The compromised quality of life can predispose this population to the occurrence of non-psychotic psychiatric disorders such as depression, making them vulnerable to substance abuse. Objectives: To evaluate the level of consumption of alcohol and drugs in patients with SCD followed by Sickle Cell Disease Reference Center (CRAF) at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; to estimate the percentage of patients in treatment of SCD who abuse alcohol and drugs, and to collaborate with the study evaluating the effectiveness of the CRAF. Methods: cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 139 patients with SCD treated at CRAF. Results: the prevalence of abusive use of the studied population was 1.5% for alcohol and 3.0% for tobacco, and no abusive use of any other substance, including opioids, was identified. It was verified that the pattern for substance use was not influenced by exposure to substances or the presence of non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: More studies are needed to reinforce these findings, but they suggested that the use of opioid analgesics for the management of SCD painful crises is safe and do not induces substance abuse.
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Sjögren, Alexandra, and Ann-Sofie Frisk. "Processen av att lämna ett missbruk : En kvalitativ litteraturstudie av åtta självbiografier." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-87022.
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The aim of this study was to examine if the leaving of an abuse could be understood as a process, that incorporates both psychological and sociological parts. We collected our data through a qualitative method of reading autobiographies. The selection of materials was based on the autobiographies that dealt with substance abuse issues, where the selection was delimited to the autobiographies where the individuals had had an alcohol, drug or gambling abuse. The chosen material was written in Swedish, by the addict and after the individual had come out of their abuse. The reading of the material was based on a number of reading questions based on the study’s questions. Following the patterns we found from the reading, we formed a division of our results where eight themes were identified that seemed to play an important role when leaving an abuse: questioning, unsuccessful attempts, insight, turning point, a struggle, important help, new self and awareness. Our result was then analyzed against both psychological and sociological research to give different explanatory models of what we saw in the material. The psychologically oriented research talked about how an individual leaves addiction and how, for example, cognitive changes and turning points are central parts. The sociologically oriented research consisted of a theoretical explanation model about how an individual makes a role exit when, for example, he leaves an abuse where social factors such as environmental impact plays an important role. One of the study’s conclusions was that leaving an abuse could be understood as a process. Another conclusion was that the eight different steps of the process could include both sociological and psychological parts. Thus, through our study, we distinguished that leaving an abuse was not only influenced by one or the other approach, but that studies that illuminate and merge both psychological and sociological perspectives are needed. The study also shows the importance of bringing these two directions together in order to reach a full understanding of what the individual undergoes during his or her journey from an abuse.
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Garcia, Angelica Silvia, and Coralyn Finlayson McCabe. "Depression and its causes in women recovering from substance abuse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2149.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the extent environmental problems such as family history of substance abuse, loneliness and lack of support contribute to high levels of depression for substance abusing women seeking recovery in residential treatment facilities.
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Santhanam, Priya. "Structural and functional neuroimaging of individuals with prenatal exposure to addictive substances." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37119.
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Although the hazards of prenatal exposure to addictive substances have been documented for decades, it continues to be a prevalent social and health concern today. Alcohol and cocaine are two commonly abused substances during pregnancy, often leading to behavioral and cognitive disorders in exposed children. At present, the relationship between teratogenic effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on the brain and observed behavioral outcomes is still unclear. A primary reason for this incomplete understanding is the lack of information regarding neuronal functioning in these populations. Functional MRI, which measures real-time brain activation in response to certain stimuli, can be utilized to bridge the gap between known structural damage and observed behavioral outcomes.
This thesis aims to examine structural and functional alterations in PAE and PCE populations as compared to unexposed, socio-economic status-matched populations. As the PAE population is highly affected by structural dysmorphology, the applicability of a newly developed diffeomorphic image registration method to this population is examined. Additionally, task-positive and task-negative functional connectivity and activity are investigated in the PAE population, and related to underlying structural alterations. Neural correlates of global arousal and emotional regulation are investigated in the PCE population, as these behavioral outcomes are most notable. Similarly, functional connectivity and activation in task-positive and task-negative networks, as well as correlated structural measures, are examined in the PCE population.
The diffeomorphic image registration algorithm was found to improve both structural and functional image registration for the PAE population. In the examination of specific deficits in arithmetic processing, poorer performance in the PAE group was attributed to a multi-level effect produced by altered structural and functional connectivity and functional activity in calculation and default mode networks. Baseline arousal levels were found to be higher in adolescents with PCE as compared to healthy controls (by altered default mode network functioning); emotional regulation also appeared to be affected in the PCE group by a prefrontal-amygdala structural and functional disconnect.
The findings of this thesis give insights into the relationship between task-positive and task-negative duality and cognitive impairment, and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the spectrum of clinical disorders caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol and cocaine.
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Mayet, Aurélie. "Étude des trajectoires d’usage de substances psychoactives chez l’adolescent et l’adulte jeune : Exploration de la théorie de l’escalade." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05S008/document.
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Selon la théorie de l'escalade, l'usage de tabac ou d'alcool est associé à l'usage de cannabis, qui peut lui-même conduire à l'usage d’autres drogues illicites (ADI). L'objectif de notre étude était de décrire les transitions entres usages de drogues licites, de cannabis et d’ADI. Les données de deux enquêtes en population générale (ESCAPAD pour l’adolescent et Baromètre santé pour l’adulte jeune (année 2005)) ont été utilisées. Les âges rapportés d’initiation des différentes substances ont permis de définir les étapes d’usages. L’analyse des transitions entre substances a été réalisée grâce aux modèles structuraux et aux modèles multi-états de Markov en prenant en compte certains cofacteurs. Les données recueillies ont permis de décrire un processus d'usage de substances partant des drogues licites et menant vers les ADI via le cannabis. Ces résultats étaient compatibles avec la théorie de l'escalade décrite par Kandel en 1975 et étaient renforcés par certains critères : force/stabilité des associations, effet dose-réponse, cohérence avec la littérature et relation temporelle. La théorie qui se dégage de nos travaux pourrait être celle d’opportunités en chaîne, l’apprentissage de la première substance psychoactive étant conditionné à son accessibilité et susceptible d’offrir des opportunités ultérieures d’usages d’autres substances. Il est cependant important de souligner que la théorie de l’escalade, si elle semble correspondre à la majorité des séquences d’usages observées, est actuellement remise en question par certains auteurs qui lui préfèrent l’idée d’un facteur de vulnérabilité commun aux addictionsAccording to Gateway theory, tobacco or alcohol uses may lead to cannabis use, which may itself lead to initiation with other illicit drugs (OID). The aim of this study was to study the transitions between use of licit drugs, cannabis and OID. Data from two large population-based surveys (ESCAPAD for adolescents and Baromètre santé for young adults (year 2005)) were used. Self-reported ages at initiation of several substance uses permitted to define different stages of use. The analyses of transition between uses were performed using structural equation models and Markov multi-states models, taking into account some cofactors. Results of this study permitted to describe a drug use stage process, mediated by cannabis and susceptible to lead to OID use. These results were in accordance with the Gateway theory described by Kandel in 1975 and satisfied to some criteria: strength and stability of associations, dose-response trend, coherence with previous research and temporal relation. The theory which emerge from our research could be a “string of opportunities”, OID experiment being a consequence of initial opportunity to use the more accessible illicit drug, cannabis. However, it is important to mention that the Gateway theory, despite compatible with the majority of sequences of uses observed, is presently questioned by some authors which prefer the theory of a common vulnerability factor to addictions
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Hodgson, Maggie. ""Cross-addictions of gambling, alcohol and drugs in Aboriginal communities"." School of Native Human Services, 1997. http://142.51.24.159/dspace/handle/10219/468.
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Over the past twenty years, Native Canadians or Aboriginal people have enjoyed considerable progress in the development of sobriety. That is the good news. The bad news is that there has not been similar success in the area of other addictions, particularly gambling. Statistics exist which reveal the negative effects of gambling on Native people.
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Pires, Ronaldo Rodrigues. "Implicacoes dos sentidos atribuidos pelos psicologos ao uso de alcool e outras drogas no tratamento de usuarios em CAPS ad e Comunidades Terapeuticas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10258.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA atenÃÃo aos problemas decorrentes do uso e dependÃncia de drogas tem sido um desafio atual para a saÃde pÃblica brasileira. Uma das barreiras para a assistÃncia competente e humanizada destes usuÃrios no Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde â SUS tem sido evidenciada atravÃs de estudos que apontam os usuÃrios de Ãlcool e outras drogas, como sendo alvo de estigmatizaÃÃo e posturas preconceituosas no interior dos serviÃos. O despreparo com relaÃÃo a formaÃÃo para este tipo de atenÃÃo à outra barreira a ser superada. Buscou-se problematizar o papel do psicÃlogo, enquanto trabalhador imbricado nestas instituiÃÃes, visto que este profissional tem estado em nÃmero cada vez maior entre os componentes das equipes multiprofissionais de estabelecimentos de saÃde. A relevÃncia desta pesquisa consiste em contribuir com uma reflexÃo sobre a inserÃÃo do psicÃlogo nas polÃticas pÃblicas de assistÃncia à saÃde aos usuÃrios de Ãlcool e outras drogas buscando trazer elementos que contribuam para o aprimoramento da profissÃo. O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em compreender a relaÃÃo existente entre os sentidos atribuÃdos por psicÃlogos ao uso de Ãlcool e outras drogas e suas implicaÃÃes no tratamento de usuÃrios dos Centros de AtenÃÃo Psicossocial â CAPS ad e nas Comunidades TerapÃuticas. Realizou-se entÃo uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa utilizando de entrevistas com trÃs psicÃlogos destas instituiÃÃes. As entrevistas foram analisadas com base na tÃcnica de AnÃlise de ConteÃdo e tiveram o auxÃlio do software Atlas â Ti 5.2 na elaboraÃÃo dos resultados. Com base nas entrevistas dos psicÃlogos, percebeu-se que as substÃncias sÃo vistas por eles como tendo propriedades essencialmente negativas que teriam a capacidade de submeter os sujeitos a um estado de enfermidade e dependÃncia. AlÃm disso, os sentidos atribuÃdos ao uso de drogas como algo negativo implicam em divergÃncias ideolÃgicas quanto à questÃo da ReduÃÃo de Danos, enquanto polÃtica de cuidado, visto esta ser compreendida pelos psicÃlogos como uma estratÃgia de reduÃÃo do uso de substÃncias. A maior implicaÃÃo destes sentidos se dà no campo das prÃticas onde se percebe que a maior parte das atividades tem como objetivo oferecer estratÃgias para a reduÃÃo do uso de substÃncias, nÃo sendo incluÃdas intervenÃÃes nos complexos contextos que envolvem o processo da dependÃncia de drogas. Percebeu-se que mesmo reconhecendo a estigmatizaÃÃo do usuÃrio, as intervenÃÃes para a reduÃÃo deste estigma carecem de serem mais efetivadas. A maioria das prÃticas realizadas pelos psicÃlogos sÃo atendimentos individuais e grupais que indicam o viÃs predominantemente clÃnico de sua formaÃÃo. à preciso que o objetivo destas prÃticas tornem-se cada vez mais amplos a fim de intervirem nos complexos contextos que envolvem a saÃde dos dependentes de drogas.
The attention to problems arising from the use and addiction has been a challenge for public health in Brazil. One of the difficulties to competent and humane care of these users in the Unified Health System - SUS has been shown through studies that users of alcohol and other drugs, as being the target of stigma and prejudicial attitudes within the health services. The unpreparedness regarding training for this kind of attention is another barrier to be overcome. Sought to question the role of the psychologist as a worker overlaps in these health institutions, as this professional has been in increasing numbers among the components of multidisciplinary teams of health facilities. The relevance of this research is to contribute to a reflection on the inclusion of psychologists in public policy healthcare for users of alcohol and other drugs seeking to bring elements that contribute to the improvement of profession. The objective of this research was to understand the relationship between the meanings attributed by psychologists to alcohol and other drugs and its implications in the treatment of users of Psychosocial Care Centers - CAPS ad and the Therapeutic Communities. Was then carried out a search using qualitative interviews with three psychologists these institutions. The interviews were analyzed using the technique of content analysis and had the help of the software Atlas - Ti 5.2 in the preparation of the results. Based on interviews of psychologists surveyed, it was found that the substances are seen by them as being essentially negative properties that would have the ability to subjugate the subject to a state of illness and dependency. Furthermore, the meanings attributed to drug use as a negative imply ideological differences on the issue of Harm Reduction, while policy carefully since this is understood by psychologists as a strategy for reducing the use of substances. The major implication of these senses occurs in the field of practice in which one realizes that most of the activity is intended to provide strategies for reducing the use of substances, not being included interventions in complex contexts involving the process of drug addiction. Realized that even acknowledging stigma user, interventions to reduce this stigma need to be more effective. Most practices are performed by psychologists in individual and group consultations indicate that the bias predominantly clinical formation. It takes the aim of these practices become increasingly broad in order to intervene in complex contexts involving the health of drug addicts.
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Trávníček, Dušan. "Vliv alkoholu a jiných psychotropních látek na bezpečnost v dopravě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232883.
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The objective of the thesis is based on statistical data to assess the degree of risk of abuse of psychotropic substances in transport. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is mainly a search, dealing with the issue. The practical part has analyzed statistical data and the questionnaire survey, whose results are compared with the results of statistical data.
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Costa, Maria de Lourdes Pereira. "Comorbidades de transtornos mentais e comportamentais entre pacientes com dependência química em diferentes períodos de abstinência." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2011. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12716.
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Introduction: Patients with psychoactive substance (PAS) dependence may co-present other
mental and behavioral disorders (MBD), and such comorbidities may alter the symptoms and
interfere with proper diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of each disease. Objectives: We
aimed to assess the frequency of MBD comorbidities in patients dependent on PAS attending
Centers for Psychosocial Care alcohol and other drugs (CAPS-ad), and their feelings about
their own use of these substances. Furthermore, we aimed to compare socio-demographic
data, conditions related to childhood and clinical features between those patients with and
without comorbidities. Method: We consecutively analyzed adult patients from April to
September, 2010, in two CAPS-ad in Uberlândia MG, excluding those who were under the
influence of PAS, with withdrawal symptoms or with dementia. Patients were divided
according to the abstinence length: < 1 week (Group 1), 1 to 4 weeks (Group 2) and > 4
weeks (Group 3). For diagnosing comorbidities we used the symptoms checklist of ICD-10
and collected information from medical records. We used a structured questionnaire to collect
the analyzed data. Results: Among the 188 evaluated patients, 62.8% were diagnosed with a
MBD comorbidity, which were more frequent (p < 0.05) in Group 1 (72%) than in Group 3
(54.2%), and what differed them was the greater frequency of depressive disorders and other
anxiety disorders in the first (61.3% and 34.6% respectively); both groups were similar to
Group 2 (61.0%). Patients with comorbidities, more often than those without them,
respectively, suffered abuse in childhood (67.8% and 42.8%), had perceived that presented
another MBD (84.7% and 37.1%) and psychological disorders (79.7% and 44.3%) in addition
to CD, made use of psychotropic medications (81.4% and 37.1%) and previous treatments for
CD (88.1% and 70.0%), had injuries due to external causes (84.8% and 68.6%), were
involved in fights or assaults (71.2% and 50.0%), attempted suicide (45.8% and 15.8%) and
were in controlled environments throughout life (72.9% and 57.1%). Sociodemographic
features were similar between patients with or without comorbidities, and also between those
with different periods of abstinence. Most patients (59.4%) had negative feelings about their
own use of PAS. Conclusion: Two thirds of the patients had a MBD comorbidity diagnosis,
which was more frequent among those with shorter periods of abstinence, which shows that
sometime of abstinence should be awaited before these diagnoses are given as final. Presence
of comorbidities was associated with worse clinical conditions and no differences were found
regarding socio-demographic data between the patients with or without comorbidities. Among
all, there was a predominance of negative feelings over their own use of PAS.Introdução: Pacientes com dependência de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) podem ter outros transtornos mentais e comportamentais (TMC) associados, e essas comorbidades podem alterar a sintomatologia e interferir no diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico de cada uma das doenças. Objetivos: Avaliar a frequência de comorbidades de TMC em pacientes dependentes de SPA atendidos em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial álcool e outras drogas (CAPS-ad), e os seus sentimentos em relação ao próprio uso dessas substâncias. Além disso, comparar dados sociodemográficos, condições relacionadas à infância e características clínicas entre aqueles com ou sem comorbidades. Método: Avaliamos consecutivamente, pacientes adultos no período de abril a setembro de 2010 nos dois CAPS-ad de Uberlândia MG, excluindo os que estavam sob o efeito de SPA, com crises de abstinência ou com demência. Eles foram divididos de acordo com o tempo de abstinência: < 1 semana (Grupo 1), de 1 a 4 semanas (Grupo 2) e > 4 semanas (Grupo 3). Para o diagnóstico de comorbidades utilizamos o Checklist de sintomas da CID-10 e coletamos informações em prontuários. Utilizamos um questionário estruturado para a coleta dos dados analisados. Resultados: Entre os 188 pacientes avaliados, 62,8% foram diagnosticados com alguma comorbidade de TMC, que foram mais frequentes (p < 0,05) no Grupo 1 (72%) do que no Grupo 3 (54,2%) e o que os diferenciou foi a maior frequência de transtornos depressivos e de outros transtornos de ansiedade no primeiro (61,3% e 34,6% respectivamente); ambos os grupos foram semelhantes ao Grupo 2 (61,0%). Pacientes com comorbidades mais frequentemente do que aqueles sem comorbidades, respectivamente, sofreram maus tratos na infância incluindo abuso sexual (67,8% e 42,8%), perceberam que apresentavam outro TMC (84,7% e 37,1%) e transtornos psicológicos (79,7% e 44,3%) além da DQ, fizeram uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos (81,4% e 37,1%) e tratamentos anteriores para DQ (88,1% e 70,0%), tiveram lesões por causas externas (84,7% e 68,6%), estiveram envolvidos em brigas ou agressões (71,2% e 50,0%), tentaram suicídios (45,8% e 15,7%) e estiveram em ambientes controlados ao longo da vida (72,9% e 57,1%). As características sociodemográficas foram semelhantes entre os pacientes com ou sem comorbidades, e também entre aqueles com diferentes períodos de abstinência. A maioria dos pacientes (59,4%) apresentava sentimentos negativos em relação ao próprio uso de SPA. Conclusão: Dois terços dos pacientes tiveram diagnóstico de comorbidade de TMC, sendo mais frequentes entre aqueles com menores períodos de abstinência, o que mostra que algum tempo de abstinência deve ser aguardado antes que esses diagnósticos sejam dados como definitivos. Presença de comorbidades associou-se a piores condições clínicas e não encontramos diferenças em relação aos dados sociodemográficos entre os pacientes com ou sem comorbidades. Entre todos, houve predomínio de sentimentos negativos em relação ao próprio uso de SPA.
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
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Czuba, Céline. "Consommations de substances psychoactives : à la confluence entre les droits à la santé et à la vie privée au travail." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20027/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les pratiques addictives aux substances psychoactives sont caractérisées par une dépendance révélée par l’impossibilité répétée de contrôler un comportement et la poursuite de ce comportement en dépit de la connaissance des conséquences négatives. Au-delà du problème considérable de santé publique, la question intéresse directement le monde du travail. Curieusement, le sujet reste un tabou, ou alors, n’est abordé que sous un angle moralisateur. Qu’elle soit à l’origine de ces conduites ou uniquement un des lieux d’expression des problèmes en découlant, l’entreprise ne peut plus faire l’impasse sur cette question. Si l’employeur, tenu à des impératifs de production, peut, parfois, tirer des bénéfices secondaires de certaines conduites addictives (« boulimies » au travail), cela peut avoir un impact négatif sur l’efficacité de sa structure (absences, accidents, baisse de productivité …). L’employeur peut également être tenu responsable pénalement dans les cas d’introduction de substances illicites dans l’entreprise. Au surplus, étant responsable des dommages causés par ses salariés, il devra s’assurer que ces derniers ne représentent pas un danger pour les tiers. Enfin, et peut être surtout, l’employeur est responsable de la santé de ses salariés. La consécration prétorienne d’une obligation de sécurité de résultat a d’ailleurs considérablement renforcé l’intensité de cet objectif. Afin de remplir ses obligations, l’employeur dispose de différentes mesures de contrôle, et jouit d’un double pouvoir de répression et de prévention en la matière. Mais les actions de l’employeur dans le domaine des addictions viennent se heurter à l’inaliénable liberté individuelle des salariés. Il est alors nécessaire de savoir jusqu'où la politique de prévention des entreprises du risque addictif en milieu de travail peut-elle aller sans interférer dans la vie privée des salariésAddictive behaviors related to psychoactive substances are characterized by a dependence revealed by the repeated impossibility to control behavior and the continuation of the said behavior despite the subject being aware of its negative consequences. Over and beyond the significant public health issue, this topic directly concerns the world of work. Surprisingly, it remains taboo or is only approached from a moralizing angle. Should a company be the source of such behaviors or only one of the places where they are exhibited, it cannot ignore the issue. Although employers may sometimes see secondary benefits of some addictive behavior for productivity reasons (e.g. « workaholism »), this may result in a loss of efficiency of their workforce (absenteeism, accidents in the workplace, drop in productivity). Employers may be held criminally liable in the event of illicit substances being brought into the workplace. What is more, being liable for any damage or injuries caused by their employees, they must make sure they do not represent a threat to others. Last, but not least, employers are responsible for the health of their employees. This objective has been considerably strengthened by the definition of the employer’s safety obligation, by the Court of cassation, as an obligation of safety performance. In order to fulfil these obligations, employers have various control measures at their disposal and enjoy dual powers of repression and prevention. However, any action taken by the employer in the field of addiction comes up against the inalienable right to individual freedom of the employees. An employer is not omnipotent: where is the limit between the management of addictive risks in the workplace and an employee’s privacy, taking into account an employer’s obligation of safety performance
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Reagan, Andrew Shawn. "Drug Addiction and Personal Responsibility." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/63.
Full textAbstract:
This project examines drug addiction and personal responsibility from the perspective of three different types of theories of addiction: full responsibility, diminished responsibility, and no responsibility. The rational theory of addiction is the fully responsibility theory. The philosophical insights by R. Jay Wallace and George Graham are the diminished responsibility theories. Berridge and Robinson’s Incentive Salience theory of drug addiction is the no responsibility theory examined. My conclusion is that diminished responsibility frameworks are the most suitable in a therapeutic context because they are most sensitive to relevant normative aspects.
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Dendy, Amy Marie. "Exploring cybersex and alcohol addiction in college students." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03312008-151003.
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Rojo, Gonzalez Loreto. "The role of GABAB in drug addiction." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844932/.
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The GABAergic system is the primary inhibitory regulator of the mesolimbic dopamine system, mediating both natural and drug-induced reward behaviours. The GABAB agonist, baclofen, has been postulated as a potential anti-addiction treatment. However, clinical studies have revealed conflicting results and both anti- and pro-rewarding effects of GABAB system activation have been reported. Thus, a deeper and more refined understanding of GABAB receptor pharmacology is needed. GABAB receptors are obligate heterodimers of GABAB(1) and GABAB(2) subunits and further GABAB(1) subunit isoforms are GABAB(1a) and GABAB(1b). While presynaptic GABAB receptors are likely to contain the GABAB(1a) isoform, postsynaptic GABAB receptors are composed of the GABAB(1b) isoform. Using mice lacking in GABAB(1a) (1a KO) and GABAB(1b) (1b KO) isoforms, we tested the hypothesis that the GABAB receptor isoforms differentially modulate psychomotor and reward behaviours of cocaine and morphine, alcohol intake and social behaviours via distinct neurochemical mechanism. We therefore examined cocaine- and morphine-induced locomotion stimulation, sensitisation and conditioned place preference (CPP) as well as alcohol intake. The 3-chambered box was utilised to investigate social behaviours. Cocaine and morphine enhanced the locomotor activity in 1a KO mice but not in 1b KO and WT mice. However, cocaine- and morphine-induced CPP was unaffected by either isoform deletion. Conversely, while WT and 1a KO mice extinguished alcohol preference during withdrawal, this was not seen in 1b KO mice. Finally, 1a KO mice exhibited higher social novelty preference and striatal oxytocin receptor levels compared to WT and 1b KO mice. These results reveal that presynaptic preferring GABAB(1a) receptors selectively modulate the psychomotor effects of cocaine and morphine as well as social novelty, most likely by inhibiting dopaminergic transmission. Conversely, the postsynaptic GABAB(1b) receptors may play a larger role in alcohol addiction. We conclude that targeting GABAB receptor isoforms may constitute an effective approach to drug addiction treatment.
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Rutter, Julie N. "Environmental Enrichment and Reinstatement of Alcohol Addiction in Mice." Marietta College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marhonors1336358606.
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Hanpatchaiyakul, Kulnaree. "Barriers to alcohol addiction treatment in women and men experiencing alcohol addiction in a Thai context : Exploring lived experiences and healthcare providers’ perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33431.
Full textAbstract:
Risky drinking behaviour can strongly influence the lives of individuals and families, including having negative effects on social welfare and health. The low rate of healthcare service use among people experiencing alcohol addiction is an important problem in Thai society. The overall aim of the study was to explore the barriers to alcohol treatments for people experiencing alcohol addiction. This thesis includes four qualitative studies that employed three different data collection methods. Individual interviews were used in studies I and II and were analysed with descriptive phenomenology. Focus group interviews were conducted in study III, and the Delphi method was applied in study IV. Both of the latter studies employed content analysis. Purposive sampling was applied to identify participants for the four studies, which included 13 men (study I) and 12 women (study II) experiencing alcohol addiction, 32 healthcare providers (study III) and 32 experts in the alcohol treatment field (study IV); the providers and experts were primarily nurses (study III and IV). The identified barriers at the individual level included the unawareness of alcohol addiction, gender differences in treatment and in society, the experienced stigma related to alcohol addiction and the lack of engagement in alcohol treatment. Barriers at the organizational level were related to healthcare providers’ agencies and engagement, vertical and horizontal collaborative practices within the hospital wards, and the collaboration with patients and their next of kin. Additionally, the struggle of handling the different sexes during treatment and the difficulties of using the required standard methods were described by the healthcare providers. At the structural level, the barriers were related to the patriarchal society, gender equity and the resources and funding from the Ministry of Public Health for improving the well-being and equal healthcare rights of people experiencing alcohol addiction in Thailand. In order to improve equal rights to health for people experiencing alcohol addiction in Thailand, knowledge of alcohol addiction, stigma and domestic violence related issues needs to be improved in the healthcare service system. Formal training and nurse educational programmes are needed to reach the theoretical and practical potential of nurses and of other healthcare providers working in alcohol addiction. Key words: alcohol addiction, gender perspective, lived experiences, alcohol dependency, focus- group interviews, Delphi study
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Yavorsky, William Christian. "Addiction : disturbing fixity and mobilising ambiguity." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271272.
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Willard, Shauna. "Anger and Alcohol Use: A Model of Coping Styles, Alcohol Expectancies and the Experience and Expression of Anger." TopSCHOLAR®, 1999. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/763.
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The researcher investigated the relationship between anger experience and expression, coping styles, and expectancies regarding the effects of alcohol in a young male population. Anger experience and expression was measured using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, coping styles were assessed using the Coping Response Inventory, alcohol expectancies were determined using the Alcohol Effects Questionnaire-2, and alcohol use was measured using the Alcohol Use Inventory. The results indicated that young males who abuse alcohol utilize less effective coping styles, such as cognitive avoidance. Alcohol abusing males also believe alcohol will increase their power and aggression. A linear regression demonstrated that males who abuse alcohol experience and express more anger than males who do not abuse alcohol. The analysis further revealed that experience and expression of anger was related to the poor coping styles and expectancies regarding the effects of alcohol for males who abuse alcohol.
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Kausar, Wasim. "Drug addiction syndrome : among university students in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324031.
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Webb, Michael Blair. "Addiction and the law : a case-study of the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act." University of Canterbury. School of Law, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2567.
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The thesis presents a case study of New Zealand's Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act 1966 - a civil commitment law used to detain alcoholics and drug addicts for up to two years in state-certified residential treatment facilities. The thesis positions itself as a call for legislative reform. The central argument is that the Act is an anachronistic and potentially draconian piece of social legislation which has no place on the modern-day New Zealand statute book. In the first part of the thesis, Chapter 1 introduces the research, outlines the structure and methodology of the thesis, and locates the study within a wider tradition of scholarship on the management of people with alcohol problems. Chapter 2 summarises the analytical framework that is used to evaluate the Act, attaching particular importance to both the philosophical traditions and the practical strategies of harm minimisation and therapeutic jurisprudence. Chapter 3 gives a positivist reading of the legislation : outlining the evolution of the Act, essaying its major provisions, and noting the efforts that have been made to refine or reform the statute since it was passed in the mid-1960s. Chapter 4 draws on the limited amount of data available to describe how the Act is currently operating 'on the ground'. In the second part of the thesis, the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act is put into a comparative context by describing examples of similar-type statutes that exist in two other jurisdictions. Chapter 5 focuses on the New South Wales Inebriates Act 1912; Chapter 6 focuses on the Swedish Act on Care of Addicts in Certain Cases 1989. The final part of the thesis builds a case for reform of the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act. Chapter 7 identifies various practical and clinical problems with the Act, which mean that the statute does not work in instrumental terms. It is submitted that the Act cannot be said to make better provision for the care and treatment of alcoholics. Chapter 8 highlights several legal and philosophical difficulties with the Act, which mean that the legislation does not work in value terms. It is submitted that the Act is offensive to the right to refuse treatment and fundamentally conflicts with the principles of individual autonomy and informed consent. Chapter 9 proposes three options for reforming the Act, expressing a preference for the outright repeal of the statute. Finally, Chapter 10 draws conclusions from the preceding discussion, and speculates on the likelihood that the recommended reforms will be implemented.
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Shewan, David. "Patterns of drug using behaviour : the importance of drug, set, and setting." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480943.
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Devine, Caroline M. "The relationship between stress and coping, threat appraisal and addiction." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336736.
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Pradier, Bruno [Verfasser]. "The role of the cannabinoid receptor 2 in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and alcohol addiction / Bruno Pradier." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1082732265/34.
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Best, David W. "Seeking explanations about drug use : methodological issues around explaining self-reported drug behaviours." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21402.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis investigates the dynamics that surround participants' responses to questions about illicit drug activities. By examining the attributional and discursive literatures, the opening chapters (Chapters 1 and 2) outline the difficulties associated with assuming veridicality in question-answer dyads. Emphasis is placed on the essentially social and intentional foundations of the applied research procedure. The existing research on methodological effects in substance research is outlined at the start of Chapter 3. These form the foundation for the empirical investigations that constitute the remainder of the thesis. The studies carried out attempt to examine methodological issues in the context of applied research procedures that combine quantitative outcomes with qualitative considerations such as reflexive consideration of the role of the researcher and the status of the participant. The first investigation demonstrates the influence of treatment status on the discourse provided by adult substance users. Drug users in contact with treatment services provide drug-related explanations distinct from those given by users who are not in treatment. This distinction is assessed in terms of a theoretical model of addiction based on discursive criteria and contextual influence (Chapter 4). These contextual influences are further examined in the empirical studies presented in Chapters 4 and 5 in which the subjects are young people whose drug experiences are assessed in the context of drug education (Chapter 5) and treatment and service needs (Chapter 6). Each of these investigations attempts to demonstrate the sophistication of discourse that respondents exhibit in their drug-related conversations and the ways in which their attitudes and understandings of these topics are shaped by the context of the experiences they have had.
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ROCHA, ERICA SILVA. "THE SOCIAL BOND IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY AND DRUG ADDICTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4562@1.
Full textAbstract:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORNeste trabalho parte-se da concepção de que o sujeito e seus sintomas se constituem no seio de fatores pulsionais e socioculturais que promovem o laço social. Em seguida, delineia-se o perfil sócio-histórico da modernidade e da contemporaneidade, propondo-se que ambas constituem laços sociais diferentes, respectivamente centrados nos imperativos da interdição e da satisfação. Por último, argumenta-se que o imperativo da satisfação favorece a expansão do sintoma da toxicomania, que pode ser compreendido, tal como o laço social contemporâneo, pelo modelo da perversão.
This work is based on the idea that the individual and his symptoms are constituted in the realm of libidinal and social-cultural factors that promote the social bond. At first, the social-historic profile of modernity and contemporary society are delineated, suggesting that both constitute different social bonds, respectively centered on the imperative of interdiction and the imperative of satisfaction. Next and finally, it is argued that the imperative of satisfaction favors the expansion of drug addiction, which can be explained, as well as the current social bond, by the model of perversion.
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Thirtamara, Rajamani Keerthi Krishnan. "Animal Models of Drug Addiction and Autism Spectrum Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1386011455.
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