Journal articles: 'Drug courier'

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Prasetyo*, Anton. "Perekrutan dan Kegiatan Anak Sebagai Kurir dalam Jaringan Peredaran Narkoba." Airlangga Development Journal 3, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/adj.v3i1.18148.

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Polrestabes satresnarkoba data for the third quarter in surabaya until 2018 in total there are 20 suspects with the drug as a courier. As many as 15 people have as users, dealers and courier 2 3 .So based on the advanced analysis was needed on how the recruitment of children as a courier in the trafficking of drugs and analyzes on efforts to satresnarkoba polrestabes surabaya in reducing activity the recruitment of children as drug couriers .The statute used is research approach , the conceptual approach and empirical legal using interviews as a primary data and the cases handled satresnarkoba polrestabes surabaya as secondary data. The pattern of recruitment carried out to make children as drug couriers is through the use of weak economic conditions of children and the inability of children to work so that children have no other way to get money for drugs other than being couriers. The use of child loyalty to his group colleagues, the use of trap patterns and threats is another way of recruiting children in drug syndicates. The effort to handle the recruitment of children as drug couriers by the Satresnarkoba Polrestabes Surabaya is done in a pre-emptive manner, namely through integrated coordination with BNN Surabaya City by exchanging information about children caught in drugs and drug syndicates detected. The formation of anti- drug student cadres and drug counseling for parents of students is a pre- emptive method carried out by the Satresnarkoba Polrestabes Surabaya. While the repressive method is carried out by the application of criminal procedural law, especially for drug dealers and dealers to break drug networks. Firm and measurable actions and various drug raids operations are expected to break the chain of drug trafficking, especially those targeting children to be used as couriers.

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2

Bernstein, Steven K. "Fourth Amendment: Using the Drug Courier Profile to Fight the War on Drugs." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 80, no. 4 (1990): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143688.

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Shilov, V. V., V. A. Lukin, V. E. Savello, A. M. Antonova, L. P. Pivovarova, I. V. Osipova, A. V. Rikova, and S. S. Gaiduk. "CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF APATIENT –DRUG COURIER WITH ACUTE POISONING BY HEROIN." Toxicological Review, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2016-1-31-35.

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A clinical observation of a patient, a drug courier. smuggling heroin in containers in gastric cavity is described. He was admitted to a multi-field hospital in consequence of acute poisoning. The acute poisoning resulted from a spontaneous violation of the container and outpouring of its content into the gastric cavity. At hospital, diagnostics and a combined treatment including surgical intervention and detoxification were carried out. Results of clinical, laboratory and instrumental investigations as well as treatment outcome are reported.

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4

Patel, F. "A high fatal postmortem blood concentration of cocaine in a drug courier." Forensic Science International 79, no. 3 (June 1996): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(96)01914-7.

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5

Kistner, Ralph A., and Philip C. Bigger. "Eastern District of New York: Probation Office Letter on Drug Courier Role Calculation." Federal Sentencing Reporter 3, no. 4 (January 1, 1991): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20639340.

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6

Ryan, Kevin. "Technicians and interpreters in moral crusades: The case of the drug courier profile." Deviant Behavior 15, no. 3 (July 1994): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1994.9967971.

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7

Robbennolt, Jennifer K., and Mark S. Sobus. "An integration of hindsight bias and counterfactual thinking: Decision-making and drug courier profiles." Law and Human Behavior 21, no. 5 (October 1997): 539–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1024879824307.

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8

Young, Deborah. "Guest Editor's Observations: Rethinking the Commission's Drug Guidelines: Courier Cases Where Quantity Overstates Culpability." Federal Sentencing Reporter 3, no. 2 (September 1990): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20639282.

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9

Williams, Christopher R., and Bruce A. Arrigo. "Discerning the margins of constitutional encroachment: The drug courier profile in the airport milieu." American Journal of Criminal Justice 24, no. 1 (September 1999): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02887616.

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10

Robin, Gerald D. "Inquisitive Cops, Investigative Stops and Drug Courier Hops: Returning to the Scene of the Crime." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 9, no. 1 (March 1993): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398629300900105.

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11

Janikowski, W. Richard, and David J. Giacopassi. "Pyrrhic Images, Dancing Shadows, and Flights of Fancy: The Drug Courier Profile as Legal Fiction." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 9, no. 1 (March 1993): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398629300900106.

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12

Yusri, Fadilla. "Pemanfaatan Model-model dalam Pelayanan Konseling untuk Membentuk Generasi Berkarakter Bebas Narkoba." Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan 2, no. 3 (November 30, 2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/110200.

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One of the unsettling society not only in Indonesia but also in the rest of the world is the circulation of drugs, especially among students. Not only consume, nowadays there are also students and the young generation which helped distribution, ranging from airport to the courier. Drug abuse is a social problem that always comes up in the midst of the community. Drug circulation increasingly bolder worrying; drugs became one of the nation's character Assassin. Indonesia was in a crisis of character. The spread of drug prevention efforts among the younger generation is supposed to be a shared responsibility, in this case all parties including parents, teachers, and the public should be aware of are active in contributing to the threat of drugs towards the younger generation. One way is to establish and improve the character of the young generation is by providing help through counseling. Counseling counselor should be done through a clear procedure, so that the process happens more effectively and right on target. Counselling is not solely the verbal sentence formulation, but also load the roles that run by counsellors and clients, the procedure is, and the behavior of clients that will be transformed in the process. Because of that in providing services to the client whether or not there are nine Sha-counseling model that can be used by counselors.

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13

Zhai, Yuewen, Xiaorong He, Ying Li, Ran Han, Yuying Ma, Peng Gao, Zhiyu Qian, Yueqing Gu, and Siwen Li. "A splenic-targeted versatile antigen courier: iPSC wrapped in coalescent erythrocyte-liposome as tumor nanovaccine." Science Advances 7, no. 35 (August 2021): eabi6326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi6326.

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The major obstacles for tumor vaccine to be surmounted are the lack of versatile property and immunity-inducing effectiveness. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) expressed various antigens the same as multiple types of tumors, providing a promising source of wide-spectrum cancer vaccines. The damaged erythrocyte membrane entrapped by spleen could be developed as antigen deliverer for enhancing acquired immunity. Here, the modified lipid materials were used to dilate erythrocyte membrane to fabricate coalescent nanovector, which not only preserved the biological characteristics of erythrocyte membrane but also remedied the defect of insufficient drug loading capacity. After wrapping iPSC protein, the nanovaccine iPSC@RBC-Mlipo exhibited obvious splenic accumulation, systemic specific antitumor immunity evocation, and effective tumor expansion and metastasis inhibition in mice. Hence, our research may provide a prospective strategy of efficient tumor vaccine for clinical practice.

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Hidayat, Asep Syarifuddin, Samul Anam, and Muhammad Ishar Helmi. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Kurir Narkotika." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 5, no. 3 (January 19, 2019): 307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v5i3.10416.

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Abstract.Children have an important role in the life of society and the state, because of their position as the nation's successor. Therefore, children have the potential to play an active role in preserving the life of the nation, in order to realize the goal of forming a government that protects citizens. The abuse of narcotics by children is currently a concern of many people and is constantly being discussed and published. In fact, the problem of narcotics abuse is of concern to various groups, moreover the involvement of children as narcotics couriers which is a series of evil consensus in carrying out illegal drug trafficking. In the capacity of children who are used as couriers is one thing that is so alarming that the child will face the law, and is classified as having committed narcotics crimes. With the limited ability of children and their imperfections, it needs to be a concern of law enforcement officials in the application of punishment for the child who is the perpetrator of the narcotics crime.Keywords: Legal Protection, Children, Narcotics Courier. Abstrak. Anak mempunyai peranan yang penting di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara, karena kedudukannya sebagai penerus bangsa. Oleh karena itu, anak mempunyai potensi untuk berperan aktif menjaga kelestarian kehidupan bangsa, guna mewujudkan tujuan pembentukan suatu pemerintah yang melindungi warga negara. Penyalahgunaan narkotika oleh anak saat ini menjadi perhatian banyak orang dan terus menerus dibicarakan dan dipublikasikan. Bahkan, masalah penyalahgunaan narkotika menjadi perhatian berbagai kalangan, apalagi adanya keterlibatan anak sebagai kurir narkotika yang merupakan rangkaian permufakatan jahat dalam menjalankan peredaran narkotika secara illegal. Dalam kapasitas anak yang dijadikan kurir merupakan satu hal yang begitu memprihatinkan dimana anak tersebut akan berhadapan dengan hukum, dan tergolong telah melakukan tindak pidana narkotika. Dengan keterbatasan kemampuan anak dan ketidaksesempurnaannya, maka perlu menjadi perhatian aparat penegak hukum dalam penerapan pemidanaan bagi anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika tersebut.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Anak, Kurir Narkotika.

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15

Fathurrohman, Fathurrohman. "Analisis Sentralitas Aktor dalam Memahami Jaringan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba di Kalimantan Barat." Wacana Publik 14, no. 02 (December 1, 2020): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37295/wp.v14i02.48.

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Drug trafficking networks are formed in a number of ways. The form of the network is structured based on the situations faced by them in the field. The actors involved in the network adapt in forming their network with the main objective of the drug trafficking business which continues to grow and is dynamic. The diversity of drug trafficking networks requires law enforcers to understand the shape and structure of the network so that efforts to destroy the network can be carried out more effectively. This study aims to determine the benefits of the centrality level of actors in a drug trafficking network so that it can be used by law enforcers to damage the network. With a social network analysis approach, researchers can map the interactions of the perpetrators so that it is possible to identify individuals (or groups) who have important positions in the structure of the drug network. The research found that two groups of crime networks in West Kalimantan had a relationship with an actor who served as a bridge between the two networks. Actors with high centrality values are generally leaders in the network as in this study. In addition, even though the position in the network is considered low, for example a courier, it still has an important meaning in assessing the importance of actors in the network.

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Taufik, Iqbal. "Kendala Dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelian Terselubung (Undercover Buy ) Dalam Mengungkap Tindak Pidana Narkotika Oleh Penyidik Polri." SASI 23, no. 2 (April 2, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v23i2.104.

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Investigators have an important role in uncovering the crime of narcotics, one way is to use the technique of covert purchase (undercover buy). In the execution of investigators often encounter obstacles, including: lack of number of factors necessary equipment, limited operating costs, investigators get terror and be a witness in the trial, difficulties in getting the informant, constraints determine the location of purchase veiled, and drug network that uses techniques mines. Thus, efforts should be made to overcome these obstacles, namely: improving human resources and reporting in order to be fulfilled, submit the plan to increase the number of articles of association, the investigator must be professional in performing their duties, to optimize the role of a suspect or a courier who had been caught, locate covert purchases away from the community, and by making use of article 86 paragraph (2).

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17

Berhe Gebregergs, Gebremedhin, Mulusew Alemneh Sinishaw, Melashu Balew Shiferaw, Tenagnework Antife, Melkie Assefa, Daniel Fiseha, and Eveline Klinkenberg. "Evaluation of the postal service for referral of specimen of drug resistance tuberculosis in Amhara region, Ethiopia; mixed method." African Health Sciences 21, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i2.17.

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Background: In Ethiopia, specimens of presumptive drug resistant tuberculosis cases are transported by courier system from district sample collection centers to reference laboratories. It is essential to track the effectiveness of the referral system and identify challenges in order to take timely and appropriate actions. We assessed turnaround time and quality of speci- mens, and explored challenges of the specimen referral system in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: With mixed methods, we retrospectively examined 385 randomly selected presumptive drug resistance TB speci- mens, and interviewed 53 purposively selected key informants from laboratories and post offices. We calculated median TAT and proportion of acceptable quality. We analyzed qualitative data thematically. Results: Of the 385 specimens, 94.5% (364/385) had acceptable quality at arrival in the reference laboratories. All the 364 specimens had result. Three - fourth (76.1%) of results were dispatched to the referring health facilities within the recom- mended turnaround time. Ineffective communication and lack of feedback among institutions were mentioned as challenges. Conclusion: The postal service was effective in keeping quality and majority of test results were timely delivered. Yet, there were operational challenges. Therefore, effective communication, using dedicated vehicle for specimen shipment and aware- ness creation on specimen collection and handling are recommended. Keywords: Postal service; specimen referral; turnaround time; drug resistance tuberculosis.

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Ezeh, Chinenye, Ren Tao, Li Zhe, Wang Yiqun, and Qu Ying. "Multi-Type Node Detection in Network Communities." Entropy 21, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121237.

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Patterns of connectivity among nodes on networks can be revealed by community detection algorithms. The great significance of communities in the study of clustering patterns of nodes in different systems has led to the development of various methods for identifying different node types on diverse complex systems. However, most of the existing methods identify only either disjoint nodes or overlapping nodes. Many of these methods rarely identify disjunct nodes, even though they could play significant roles on networks. In this paper, a new method, which distinctly identifies disjoint nodes (node clusters), disjunct nodes (single node partitions) and overlapping nodes (nodes binding overlapping communities), is proposed. The approach, which differs from existing methods, involves iterative computation of bridging centrality to determine nodes with the highest bridging centrality value. Additionally, node similarity is computed between the bridge-node and its neighbours, and the neighbours with the least node similarity values are disconnected. This process is sustained until a stoppage criterion condition is met. Bridging centrality metric and Jaccard similarity coefficient are employed to identify bridge-nodes (nodes at cut points) and the level of similarity between the bridge-nodes and their direct neighbours respectively. Properties that characterise disjunct nodes are equally highlighted. Extensive experiments are conducted with artificial networks and real-world datasets and the results obtained demonstrate efficiency of the proposed method in distinctly detecting and classifying multi-type nodes in network communities. This method can be applied to vast areas such as examination of cell interactions and drug designs, disease control in epidemics, dislodging organised crime gangs and drug courier networks, etc.

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Mattos, Vinicius Renan Pinto, Nelson Hamerschlak, Isabel Nagle Reis, Dirceu Hamilton Cordeiro Campelo, Michelle Petrolli Silveira, Flavia Munhoz Ferreira, Juliano Cordova Vargas, et al. "Clinical Results in Heavily Pre-Treated, Drug Refractory Hematologic Malignancies Using Chemotherapy and Targeted Agents Selected By Ex Vivo Analysis of Programmed Cell Death (EVA/PCD)." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3249.3249.

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Abstract Introduction: The treatment of human hematologic malignancies has rapidly advanced through the application of genomic platforms that have identified drug-able targets and companion diagnostics (e.g. BCR-ABL, IDH-1) and added new classes of targeted agents to the established compendium of cytotoxics. Despite these advances, the complexity, redundancy and promiscuity of cellular transformation remain incompletely understood at the molecular level. This has led to a renewed interest in whole cell experimental models for drug discovery. Laboratory platforms that measure cellular response to cytotoxic insult at the phenotypic level have been shown to correlate significantly with clinical response, and have the capacity to provide insights into chemotherapy selection and drug development. The Ex Vivo Analysis of Programmed Cell Death (EVA/PCD) uses metabolic and morphologic features of drug induced cell death to measure both cytotoxic and targeted drug effects in human primary cultures. We applied EVA/PCD in 20 heavily pre-treated, drug refractory patients from the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) in Sao Paulo - Brazil. Methods: Peripheral blood, node biopsy or bone marrow aspirates were submitted by overnight courier. Cells isolated by density centrifugation were evaluated by dose response curves that were interpolated to provide LC50 values for comparison with our databases by Z-score. Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL, N=5) , Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML, N=6), Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL, N=4) or Multiple Myeloma (MM, N=4) had received a mean of 5, median of 4 (range 1-8) prior therapies, 7 with prior bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Results: of 20 specimens, 16 (80%) provided viable tumor for EVA/PCD. A mean of 8, median of 7(range 3-22) cytotoxics and a mean 7, median of 5(range 1-20) targeted agents were evaluated. Findings were reported by day 7. Nine of 16 patients were treatment candidates, with 5 lost to follow up, 3 dying of sepsis before evaluation and 1 achieving complete remission (CR) with radiation plus Rituximab. Of 7 patients who received assay directed therapy there were 3 CR (43%), 2 partial responses (PR: 28%) and 2 progressive disease (PD: 29%) for an overall response rate of 71%. Conclusion: These results establish the feasibility of laboratory directed therapy in heavily pre-treated patients, with 80% of submitted samples providing actionable results. Although the extremely advanced state of these patients limited the capacity to undergo treatment in some cases, the achievement of CR's and PR's in this drug refractory cohort is of interest. Clinical responses by disease, treatment history and drugs received will be reported. Studies correlating molecular profiles with phenotypic analyses are currently under development. Disclosures Evans: Rational Therapeutics: Employment. Nagourney:Rational Therapeutics: Employment.

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Dalton, Caroline. "P025 Clinical pearl; treating infant botulism on a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU)." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 7 (June 19, 2019): e2.29-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-nppc.35.

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ProblemA call was received out of hours by the specialist PICU pharmacist (SP). A five month old baby with rapidly spreading paralysis of unknown cause had been admitted to the unit. A toxin had been extracted from the stool culture and tested on mice. Within hours all mice had died, confirming a positive result for Botulism toxin. The SP was asked to obtain an urgent supply of Human Botulism Anti-Toxin however the only worldwide manufacturer/supplier, the Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention Program (IBTPP), is based in California.1 BabyBIG, Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) (BIG-IV), is an orphan drug that consists of human-derived anti-botulism toxin antibodies that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of infant botulism types A and B in patients <1 year old.Pharmacist contributionsDay 1: After confirmation with PHE (Public Health England) that the use of their heptavalent horse botulisum anti-toxin would be inappropriate, it was suggested that a supply should be obtained from the USA. SP phoned the IBTPP on call consultant and discussed need for an urgent supply.Consequently SP ensured the appropriate provision and recording of required information and the seamless transition of relevant paperwork.Day 2: SP liaised with the Clinical Director for Children’s Services, the PHE consultant on call and the Trust Silver on call manager to authorise large out of hours drug expenditure. Prompt authorised signature of contract between the above parties was arranged by SP via email. SP contacted the MHRA duty officer on call to obtain an import permit authorisation letter (Notification of Intent to Import an Unlicensed Medicinal Product) to allow for this unlicensed import of a human medicinal product from outside the EEA, re-affirming this was of urgent clinical need.Trust Chief Pharmacist was alerted to the situation by SP, and access to the to the Trust import/specials licence required by the MHRA was granted to the SP to finalise the MHRA import licence. A courier from California was organised by SP liaising with the on call IBTPP consultant, ensuring all paperwork was accurately completed. Dosing, administration and reconstitution advice was given by SP to PICU medical and nursing staff via email. SP immediately confirmed receipt via phone and provided clarification of this when required. SP remained contactable throughout the weekend to resolve any queries the staff had with regards to BabyBIG.Day 3: The SP attempted contact with border control at Heathrow airport to ensure a timely transition through customs and liaised with the courier in the UK to ensure rapid delivery once BabyBIG had been cleared. Allowing sufficient transit time from Heathrow, the SP then called to confirm receipt of BabyBIG on PICU.Outcome and lessons learnedBabyBIG obtained and patient treated successfully, avoiding potential for serious complications and dramatically reducing PICU and overall inpatient stay. A cost analysis done by SP confirmed treatment with BabyBIG reduced overall Trust spend on this admission by half; accounting for average expected PICU stay for infant botulism cases(∼6 weeks) versus this patient’s stay (∼1.5 weeks).ReferencesDivision of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Public Health. Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention Program [online] California Department of Public Health, 2010. (accessed 02 Aug 2018) Available from: http://www.infantbotulism.org/general/babybig.phpSave

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Khadka, Dhruba Kumar, Rajendra Prasad Pant, Bikash Lamichhane, Sharat Chandra Verma, R. P. Bichha, Prakash Ghimire, and Anjana Singh. "Identification of rpoB, gyrA and embB Gene Mutations in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Retreatment Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 14, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v14i2.19336.

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Introduction: Tuberculosis remains one of the major public health problems in Nepal and increasing trend of multi drug resistant and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR /XDR TB) is a big challenge. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of MDR/XDR TB is crucial. Identification and comparison of MDR TB using rapid molecular techniques (for rpob, gyrA, rrs and embB gene mutations) with reference to drug susceptibility test (DST) were the main objectives of this study.Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in National TB Centre (NTC). Gene Xpert, proportion method and Line Probe Assay (LPA) were used for first and second line drugs susceptibility testing (FLD-DST and SLD-DST). A total of 29 mucopurulent sputum samples were freshly collected from retreatment TB patients (Female 41.4%, Male 58.6%) with median age of 40 years attending to the four MDR TB treatment centres of eastern and central Nepal (via private courier and directly to National TB Reference Laboratory (NRL) at NTC from April 2013 to October 2017.Results: Among 29 sputum samples (Female 41.4%; all smear+ve, Male 58.6%; 16 smear+ve and 1 smear-ve), Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay detected 100% M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (rpoB gene resistant) of which, 100% were culture positive by conventional Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) method. FLDDST was performed on all culture positives of which, 96.6% showed MDR TB and 3.4% showed mono resistance to isonizid only. SLD-DST on 29 MDRTB strains by LPA showed 100%, 58.6%, 44.8% wild type for rrs, gyrA and emb B genes respectively. Mutation for gyrA and emb B genes was 41.4% and 51.2% respectively, rrs genes none. Twelve (Female 6, Male 6) MDR TB strains were identified as pre-XDR-TB. Chi square (χ2) for trend was used to analyze Gene Xpert, smear, FLD-DST and LPA results.Conclusion: From this study, 29(100%) MDRTB were detected from retreatment TB cases by Gene Xpert and FLDDST. Almost 41.4% MDR TB strains were detected as pre-XDR TB by LPA, which were found to be higher in 15-60 years group of females and males. Samples from retreatment TB patients need to be tested by rapid molecular techniques with reference to culture and DST.SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017, Page: 39-50

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Reidpath, Daniel D., Mark R. Diamond, and K. Vijayan. "Catching Drug Couriers." CHANCE 6, no. 4 (September 1993): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09332480.1993.10542391.

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Wilson, Nicola. "SP2 Management of ethylene glycol poisoning in an adolescent: a clinical pearl." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): e1.2-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-nppg.2.

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Situation16 year old girl admitted with suspected ingestion of ethylene glycol. She was treated with fomepizole and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).How the Pharmacy Team ContributedEthanol was prescribed until fomepizole arrived. The volume of ethanol to be administered was calculated wrongly by the consultant due to confusion about the available strength. The Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) pharmacist intervened and the correct dosage information was given.PICU pharmacist used Toxbase to determine the correct treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning and advised on dosing regime, including adjustment due to CRRT. The pharmacist facilitated prescribing on the electronic system (added drug to system, set up administration instructions and assisted with prescribing – pharmacist was not an Independent Prescriber). This allowed medical staff to concentrate on resuscitation, monitoring cardiac function, inserting intravenous lines and obtaining access for CRRT.The PICU pharmacist and pharmacy technician co-ordinated initial supply of fomepizole. Fomepizole is usually ordered directly from the manufacturer during office hours. The patient presented in the early evening so further supply had to be obtained from a hospital hundreds of miles away after referring to the Rarely Used Medicines list. Pharmacist contacted appropriate on-call pharmacist and arranged for transfer of medicines via courier. Pharmacy technician arranged for further supply form the manufacturer the following day.Pharmacy technician arranged supply of additional dialysis fluids for CRRT due to the higher than usual administration rate.Without contribution from the pharmacy team the patient is likely to have been given the wrong dose of ethanol and fomepizole, and there would have been delay in initiation of treatment followed by an interruption, as it was wrongly assumed that it was kept as stock in the adjoining ‘adult hospital’ and subsequent supply from a local hospital would not have been sought by ward staff until original supply ran out.OutcomeEthylene glycol poisoning was confirmed on laboratory testing. Levels of ethylene glycol fell steadily over 36 hours, allowing CRRT and fomepizole to stop. Patient was discharged from PICU after 48 hours with no apparent long-lasting effects, but was referred to various specialities including renal, gastroenterology and psychology.Patient and family denied knowledge of intentional or accidental ingestion. Police investigation was inconclusive.Lessons to be LearnedLarger supplies of fomepizole are now kept in stock within Health Board. Supplies were missing from emergency cupboards when stock was needed, despite being on stock lists, necessitating courier fees to transfer stock from elsewhere. Procedures reviewed to ensure that stock is available in emergency cupboards at all times.This patient demonstrated that current (target) stock levels of fomepizole were inadequate for providing treatment during CRRT as the required doses are substantially higher (administered every four hours rather than every twelve hours) and would have lasted less than 12 hours for this average sized teenager. National Rarely Used Medicines list was updated to reflect actual stock levels and other hospitals increased their stockholding due to the realisation that existing stock was inadequate and that further supplies were hard to obtain out of working hours.

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Perry, Manuel, Theresa Dolson, Gianna Lindros, Courtney Welyczko, and Scott Hines. "Centralizing mixing of infusion drugs: A process to comply with USP 797/800, improve efficiency, and reduce costs in a multisite oncology infusion practice." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.295.

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295 Background: In oncology practices with multiple infusion sites, compliance with USP 797/800 will be difficult to achieve due to increased building costs. Mixing oncology medications in a single-site referred to as “centralized mixing” is an attempt to comply with USP regulations as well to improve safety, quality and decrease costs. Methods: The centralized mixing process was initiated in June 2017 and required patients to have labs drawn 24-48 hours prior to infusion. If results were adequate, infusion nurses contacted the patient to review a symptom checklist to report findings which would preclude treatment. The next day, pharmacists began drug mixing at 6 am and distributed them by courier to five other practice sites by 10am. When patients arrived for treatment, they went directly to the infusion suite. A follow up visit was arranged mid-cycle to see their oncologist prior to the next scheduled infusion. If weekly infusions were required, then follow up visits were scheduled at the discretion of the oncologist. Results: Data from the fourth quarter of 2016 (prior to centralized mixing) was compared to the fourth quarter of 2018. Although physician total work RVUs increased from 12,198 to 16,254, labor costs decreased by $15,194. After implementation of centralized mixing, there were four fewer infusion nurse FTE’s while two registered pharmacists were hired. Labor costs per total work RVU decreased from $38.51 to $27.97 resulting in a quarterly savings of $42,790. Conclusions: Centralized mixing of oncology medication has reduced the cost per physician work RVU of administering chemotherapy by 27.3% and has lead to an annualized savings of $171,160. Increased infusion capacity and improved efficiency were due to streamlining the patient experience: there is no need to wait for drugs to be mixed, for lab results to return or to see their oncologist prior to treatment. The practice is now able to improve environmental safety with USP 797/800 at a single site, improve quality by limiting staff who mix chemotherapy to only two pharmacists, reduce training time for our infusion nurses by six weeks and to delay the need to build additional infusion suites.

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Dratcu, Luiz, and Maristela G. Monteiro. "Brazilian drug couriers in British prisons: a warning?" Addiction 88, no. 6 (June 1993): 835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02098.x.

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Leggas, M., K. Kuo, G. Cloud, M. Li, H. Wang, R. Zhang, F. Robert, and J. J. Rinehart. "Effects of dexamethasone (Dex) pretreatment on toxicity and efficacy of carboplatin and gemcitabine (Carbo/Gem) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 18124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18124.

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18124 Background: Our preclinical data showed that treating mice with Dex 4 days prior to chemotherapy increased efficacy and decreased toxicity of Carbo/Gem in nude mice bearing human NSCLC by increasing drug concentration in tumors, and decreasing drug concentration in normal tissue without altering plasma pharmacokinetics (PK). Thus, we undertook a Phase I/II trial to determine the optimal dose of Dex, and the effect of Dex on Carbo/Gem plasma PK. Methods: Patients (n=30) with untreated, stage IV NSCLC and PS =2 received Gem, 1g/m2 days 1&8, and Carbo, AUC 5.5 on day 1. Patients were randomized (1:2:2) to receive no Dex (arm 1), or Dex at 8 and 16 mg bid po 4 days before and on day 1 (arms 2 and 3). Dex was administered in courses 2, 3, and 4 (only) to allow course 1 vs course 2 intra-patient toxicity and Carbo/Gem plasma PK assessment. Plasma samples were analyzed by HPLC for Carbo/Gem. Plasma PK analysis was performed with NONMEM v5 using a 5-compatment or 2-compartment structural models for Gem and Carbo. Results: Patients in arms 1, 2, and 3 were similar in PS, age, gender, and histology. In arms 1, 2, and 3, patients completing 4 planned courses of therapy: 1/6, 6/12, 9/12; partial responses (RECIST): 2/6, 7/12, and 8/12. Hematologic toxicity in arms 1 (no Dex), 2, and 3 (Dex) was compared. Platelet nadirs (course2÷course1): 0.6±0.2, 3.77±2.0, 3.4±0.72 (p<0.02); AGC nadirs: 1.1±0.3, 2.32±0.4, 4.95±1.04 (p< 0.01); Change in median time to recovery from day 1 (course 2-course 1) of AGC to 1,500 mm3 in days: +9, -15, -19; Change in median time to recovery of platelets to 100,000 mm3: +5, -1, -1.5. Comparison of nadir AGC and platelets between courses 2, 3, and 4 consistently demonstrated superiority of arm 3 over arm 2. No significant differences in non-hematologic toxicities were seen between arms 1, 2 and 3. Gem and Carbo clearance values were not significantly different among arms or courses. Area under the time-concentration curves (course2÷course1): 0.91±0.18, 0.77±0.15, 0.80±0.16. Conclusions: Dex pretreatment appears to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy of Carbo/Gem in NSCLC patients, with arm 3>2. These effects are not due to alteration of plasma PK since no significant decrease in chemotherapy exposure was observed in arms 2 and 3. [Table: see text]

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Siyuan, Chen. "The discretionary death penalty for drug couriers in Singapore." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365712715613493.

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Lawrence, Sonia N., and Toni Williams. "Swallowed Up: Drug Couriers at the Borders of Canadian Sentencing." University of Toronto Law Journal 56, no. 4 (2006): 285–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tlj.2006.0015.

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Timko, S. A., and A. P. Podshivalov. "Regional Drug Trade via the Internet: Role Characteristics of its Participants." Lex Russica, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.174.5.125-133.

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A characteristic feature of modern drug trafficking is its contactless sale via the Internet. Such criminal activity is organized and is carried out at the regional, interregional or interstate level. The authors of the paper analyze the distribution of roles between the participants of criminal groups, which allows them to act clearly and smoothly and avoid criminal prosecution. The participants of the drug market are identified as "organizers", "regional managers", "producers", "suppliers", "operators", "financial directors", "curators", "storekeepers", "advertisers", "hackers", "couriers", "kladmen". The conducted research allow us to conclude that the structure of organized criminal groups in the regions is not so extensive and due to the combination of the functions of individual participants in criminal groups is often reduced to 3-4 role components. These include: "organizer" — a person who has established the supply of narcotic drugs to the region, who has created an Internet resource for their sale and supports the activity and vital activity of such a resource; "operator" — an intermediary who supports the interaction of drug users and pawnbrokers through the Internet; "kladmen"who directly create dead drops ("zakladki") intended for drug users. The paper considers the functions that are assigned to each of the participants of such criminal groups.Separately, the authors focus on the measures taken by members of criminal groups to conceal criminal activities: the use of encrypted messengers for communication, Internet websites specializing in drug trafficking; the use of electronic money and cryptocurrencies; the trivial involvement of front persons to register financial and banking transactions.

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Bjerk, David, and Caleb Mason. "The market for mules: Risk and compensation of cross-border drug couriers." International Review of Law and Economics 39 (August 2014): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2014.05.005.

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Priangani, Ade, Kunkunrat Kunkunrat, and Silvia Nurindah. "KERJASAMA INDONESIA- MALAYSIA DALAM MENANGANI PEREDARAN NARKOBA DI PERBATASAN." Jurnal Dinamika Global 5, no. 01 (July 5, 2020): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v5i1.191.

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Indonesia and Malaysia have close ties especially in their land borders, making it easier to access buying and selling that occurs between communities on the border. Especially in trade to drug trafficking that occurs in border areas such as the Entikong-Sarawak region. Purchase until delivery of drugs. The circulation of drugs that enter from Malaysia is not only from the waters border, but also from land to air lines. In addition, drug traffickers not only pass through the official flight routes and ports, but drug traffickers entering from Malaysia can also take advantage of unofficial lanes on the land and water borders between Indonesia and Malaysia which have minimal security. The research of this study is to find out, explore and describe the cooperation carried out by the governments of Indonesia and Malaysia in dealing with drug trafficking on the border, especially on the Entikong and Sarawak borders, where the drug smuggling is most often deposited by couriers or which is directly taken by the dealer. By changing the form of drug packaging into a form or stored in another place, which can trick the officers at immigration. This research is expected to be useful to increase the repertoire of the development of international relations science. Furthermore, practically, this research is expected to be useful and useful for decision makers, especially the central and regional governments of the two countries, in addressing drug trafficking and trafficking that occurs on the borders of the two countries, because it will threaten the lives of the two generations. The results of this study are with the cooperation of the two governments which are always discussed in once a year in the General Border Committee forum and cooperation between the institutions of the two countries such as the National Narcotics Agency, Customs, Police and PDRM are expected to help eradicate and reduce circulation and Drug sales that occur in the border areas of the two countries, both in the sea, air, and land. There were successes after Indonesia and Malaysia collaborated in combating drug trafficking as in 2014, Kuching PDRM succeeded in capturing two Indonesian Police officers related to drugs, which in this matter coordinated the POLRI through the West Kalimantan Regional Police with Malaysian PDRM. The collaboration between Indonesia and Malaysia is considered important because the location of the two countries is very close. As well as the two countries have a long coastline, this has the potential to serve as one of the entry points for drug smuggling. Although various prevention efforts have been carried out in the eradication of drugs by the two countries by involving various parties, there are still many obstacles that become obstacles in cooperation between the two countries to be able to minimize the level of drug trafficking and trafficking that occurs in border lanes, whether it's official or unofficial border lines.

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Siyuan, Chen. "Singapore's New Discretionary Death Penalty for Drug Couriers: Public Prosecutor v Chum Tat Suan." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 18, no. 3 (July 2014): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijep.2014.18.3.456.

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Gootenberg, Paul. "The “Pre-Colombian” Era of Drug Trafficking in the Americas: Cocaine, 1945-1965." Americas 64, no. 2 (October 2007): 133–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2007.0148.

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Before anyone heard of Colombiannarcotraficantes, a new class of international cocaine traffickers was born between 1947 and 1964, led by little-known Peruvians, Bolivians, Chileans, Cubans, Mexicans, Brazilians, and Argentines. These men—and often daring young women—anxiously pursued by U.S. drug agents, pioneered the business of illicit cocaine, a drug whose small-scale production in the Andes remained legal and above board until the late 1940s. Before 1945, cocaine barely existed as an illicit drug; by 1950, a handful of couriers were smuggling it by the ounce from Peru; by the mid-1960s this hemispheric flow topped hundreds of kilos yearly, linking thousands of coca farmers across the eastern Andes to crude labs, organized trafficking rings, and a bustling retailer diaspora in consuming hot-spots like New York and Miami. The Colombians of the 1970s, the Pablo Escobars who leveraged this network into one of hundreds of tons, worth untold billions, are today notorious. Yet historians have yet to uncover their modest predecessors or the actual start of Colombia's role: cocaine's “pre-Colombian” origins.

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Unlu, Ali, and Behsat Ekici. "The extent to which demographic characteristics determine international drug couriers’ profiles: a cross-sectional study in Istanbul." Trends in Organized Crime 15, no. 4 (April 29, 2012): 296–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12117-012-9152-6.

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Bovensiepen, Judith, and Mathijs Pelkmans. "Dynamics of wilful blindness: An introduction." Critique of Anthropology 40, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20959432.

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What are the politics of ignorance in an age of misinformation? How can the concept of ‘wilful blindness’ help us to understand the logics involved? We start the introduction to this special issue by arguing that the intrinsic instability of wilful blindness draws valuable attention to the graded nature of intentionality and perception, and the tensions between them. These features are an essential part of the workings of ignorance, as we illustrate with reference to the shifting intentions of drug couriers, the fleeting moments in which the humanity of victims is recognised in the midst of violent acts, and the affects that channel economic behaviour, such as in the subprime mortgage crisis. When approaching perception and intentionality as complexly entangled in institutionalised fields of power, ‘wilful blindness’ emerges as a powerful and critical diagnostic of the epistemic instabilities of our time.

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Yang, Mu Qing, Dong Li Ma, Ya Feng Liu, and Wen Yue Li. "Design of Upswept Aft-Body of Civil Transport Based on CFD." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2722.

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Study on flow field of civil transport upswept aft-body is of much value as the drag coursed by aft-body contributes to about 10 percent of total drag. Currently researches were mostly concerned on clean fuselage, while little emphasis was put on fuse-tail configuration. With interests to exploiting the effect of design parameters on fuselage with empennage, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the flow field of fuselages with different parameters. Based on studying the aerodynamic performance of clean fuselages, emphases were placed on fuse-tail configurations. Although fairing at root of stabilizer is good for reducing pressure drag, influence on friction drag should be taken into consideration when determine the design of fairing. With stabilizer mounted, drag of axial symmetric fuselage is not the minimum, while the one with some angle upswept is drag optimal.

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Vívian Ferreira da Costa, Ana, Larissa De Carvalho Bezerra, and Juliane Dos Anjos de Paula. "Use of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a systematic review." Journal of Human Growth and Development 31, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v31.12228.

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Introduction: The treatment of fibromyalgia is evolving, and more and more drugs are available on the market. Objective: To verify the response, tolerability, and adverse events of the use of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Methods: A systematic review of articles on fibromyalgia and psychotropic medications were carried out, indexed in the MEDLINE database (PUBMED) with the MeSH terms: “fibromyalgia”, “psychotropic drugs,” and “treatment outcome”. Of the 89 studies identified, 23 met the eligibility criteria. Results: It has been seen that some classes of psychotropic medications have significantly improved patients' painful episodes, which have an important positive impact on quality of life. Thus, it was realized that the pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with fibromyalgia improves the condition of the patient's acceptance of the disease. Most medications had a good impact on the patient's quality of life without major side effects. It is known that adverse events are proportional to the dose of psychotropics, so for each patient, it is necessary to individualize the conduct. Conclusion: Antidepressants were the best-tolerated drug class, but antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and other more recent drugs such as agomelatine were part of the study of the main drugs used in clinical practice.

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DUFF, CAMERON. "Drugs and Youth Cultures: Is Australia Experiencing the ‘Normalization’ of Adolescent Drug Use?" Journal of Youth Studies 6, no. 4 (December 2003): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1367626032000162131.

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Downey, Ann M. "The Impact of Drug Abuse upon Adolescent Suicide." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 22, no. 4 (June 1991): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ap3y-yekk-l5x2-yage.

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The alarming rate of suicidal behavior among United States youth constitutes a major public health problem. Since selfdestruction has become an increasingly common method for coping with life's difficulties and the unique stresses of the adolescent years, this nation must stop and ask: “Why are so many youngsters making the statement that life is no longer worth living? Why has the rate of youth suicide skyrocketed to epidemic proportions? What can be done to prevent this tragic and unnecessary waste of human potential?” This article explores one hypothesis, that the increased use, misuse, and abuse of drugs is one of the myriad explanations for the escalation in youth suicidal behavior during the past twenty-five years. Drug abuse may be a form of “slow suicide,” but eventually the drugs fail to deaden the psychic pain, to fulfill the unmet needs, and to combat the conflicting and confusing feelings and emotions long repressed. Clinical case histories and research results are used to exemplify the impact of heightened drug usage as an argument for the upsurge in youth suicide. Substance abuse prevention, along with more effective treatments and referrals for adolescents experiencing alcohol and drug problems, is vital to suicide prevention, intervention, and mental health promotion among youth.

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Zozaya, Néboa, Almudena González-Domínguez, Natividad Calvente, Rita De la Plaza, Ana Herranz, Antonio Blanes, and Miguel Tamayo. "Continuity of care between hospital pharmacies and community pharmacies, and costs avoided: a pilot experience in times of COVID-19 in Spain." Global & Regional Health Technology Assessment 8 (February 18, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/grhta.2021.2215.

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Introduction: In March 2020, due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, a pilot experience of pharmaceutical continuity of care received by hospital outpatients was launched in Cantabria, a Spanish autonomous community. Thanks to this experience, the medication was dispensed by the hospital pharmacy through the community pharmacy of the patient’s choice. Our objective was to estimate the costs avoided by this practice during the months of April and May 2020. Methods: The analysis of the economic impact was carried out in terms of saved costs, from the hospital and from the social perspective. Savings associated with the avoided home delivery of medication and avoided labor productivity losses were calculated, as well as the time associated with avoided trips in monetary terms. Results: A total of 2,249 hospital-dispensed drugs were delivered through the community pharmacy in the analyzed period, with an average of 57.7 daily deliveries. The experience, which involved one hospital and 262 pharmacies of Cantabria, saved patients 93,305 km in trips to the hospital, associated with an average time saving of 1,374 hours. In terms of costs, the hospital saved on shipments by courier, estimated at €30,205, since it was the community pharmacy and the distribution warehouses that delivered the drugs. From a social perspective, this initiative saved €23,309 due to the trips (€8,907) and productivity losses (€14,402) that were avoided. Conclusions: This exceptional situation may be a good opportunity to improve the coordination between hospital pharmacies and community pharmacies in Spain, not only during the pandemic but also in the post-COVID-19 era.

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Karimovich, Samatov Dilshod, and Shodikulova Gulandom Zikriyayevna. "Clinical Course In Upper Gastrointestinal Patients With Connective Tissue Dysplasia Syndrome." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 03, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue02-20.

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Connective tissue dysplasias (CTDs) are genetically determined conditions characterised by defects in fibrous structures and connective tissue basic substance, leading to organ and system malformations, having a progressive course, defining features of associated pathology, as well as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs.

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Damasceno, Marcio Rocha, Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra, Lídia Maria Nazaré, Andréia Almeida Mendes, and Luiz Carlos De Abreu. "Dinâmica de uso de psicofármacos e a relação com a psicoterapia psicanalítica na interface da saúde mental: uma revisão integrativa." Journal of Human Growth and Development 29, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v29.9432.

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Introdução: O consumo de medicamentos tem sido discutido por diversas autoridades e profissionais da saúde, proporcionando uma mudança de postura desses. Dentre eles, os psicanalistas e psicoterapeutas reconhecem a tamanha importância que o tema tem tomado nas últimas décadas, considerando o uso racional de psicofármacos como coadjuvantes do tratamento psicanalítico. Objetivo: Analisar o uso de psicofármacos e sua relação com a psicoterapia psicanalítica na interface da saúde mental. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa na Base de Dados MEDLINE realizada de acordo com a declaração de relatórios preferenciais para avaliações sistemáticas e metanálises (PRISMA), através dos descritores Psychotropic Drugs AND Psychoanalysis Therapy AND Drug Misuse AND Drug Utilization AND Signs and Symptoms, filtrando os resultados por especificidade em título e resumo e selecionando apenas estudos disponíveis em sua versão completa e realizados com seres humanos. Resultados: Selecionaram-se 42 artigos para análise final. O objeto de análise dos artigos foi o sujeito analista que trata seus pacientes e realiza observações clínicas com interação medicamentosa, bem como complemento de transferência terapêutica como recurso clínico para o tratamento na sessão psicanalítica. Ademais, os resultados dessa interação medicamentosa foram evidenciados como coadjuvantes no tratamento clínico dos clientes expostos à sessão clínica. Considerações finais: O uso de psicofármacos e psicoterapia psicanalítica apresentou-se como uma associação capaz de prover interação e integração dos aspectos da personalidade e da estrutura psíquica do sujeito. Trata-se de condição clínica que deverá ser estimulada em tratamento de saúde mental de sujeitos acometidos por sofrimento mental/emocional.

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Stepanova, E. R. "Gender Unemployment Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Consequences in Ukrainian Society." Business Inform 1, no. 516 (2021): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-1-212-217.

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The article is aimed at studying how the pandemic crisis affects women and men, i.e.: the issues of employment and wages, as well as the related consequences. The article focuses on the issue of gender unemployment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is researched that, according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the majority of women are employed in institutions whose functioning falls on temporary quarantine restrictions of the government, namely: food, postal and courier activities, financial and insurance activities, education, healthcare, art, sports and entertainment, activities in the field of creativity and functioning of libraries and archives. Several consequences of the coronavirus crisis are distinguished – quarantine and self-isolation significantly influenced the statistics of appeals for cases of domestic violence and the occurrence of stressful and depressive disorders in the population. There are facts speaking in favor of that the number of people identifying manifestations of depressive disorders and increased levels of stress in themselves has increased significantly. In combination with unemployment and depression, this is a potentially dangerous social manifestation, i.e.: in conditions of economic and social crisis, a significant part of working-age people can abuse alcohol or drugs, fall into depression, think about suicide and even develop aggression. It is concluded that the quarantine situation also exacerbates the problem of distribution of gender roles in the family, since the main burden of performing unpaid care work during quarantine rests upon women.

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Mazurov, V. I., L. Ye Svyatova, V. F. Danilichev, V. M. Cheremisin, K. Ya Gurevich, M. N. Paskhina, and A. N. Mikhaltsov. "Differentiated approach to the treatment of autoimmune ophthalmopathy." Problems of Endocrinology 39, no. 1 (February 15, 1993): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11901.

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The results of comprehensive examinations and therapy of 67 patients with autoimmune ophthalmopathy are presented. In 80 % of the patients the disease coursed along with thyrotoxicosis, in 10 % thyroid function was reduced because of autoimmune thyroiditis, and in the rest autoimmune ophthalmopathy was an individual entity. A staged therapeutic complex for the treatment of this condition is suggested, aimed at correction of thyroid function (stage 1), followed by pathogenetic therapy including antiinflammatory measures, glucocorticoids and nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs to arrest aseptic inflammation in the orbit, and immunosuppressive therapy to correct the immunity shifts. After clinical and immunologic remission was achieved, courses of maintenance therapy (nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs) were carried out for 3-5 months monitored by blood analyses and ophthalmologic examinations, immunity status tests, CT clinical data. Choice of the treatment strategy was governed by the morphologic variant of ophthalmopathy, immunologic activity of the process, disease severity and pattern. Such an approach helped achieve positive results and clinico-immunologic remission, as well as timely prevent the progress of the disease.

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Feigelman, Susan, Bonita F. Stanton, and Izabel Ricardo. "Perceptions of Drug Selling and Drug Use among Urban Youths." Journal of Early Adolescence 13, no. 3 (August 1993): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431693013003003.

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Feigelman, William, Beverly Feigelman, and Lillian M. Range. "Grief and Healing Trajectories of Drug-Death-Bereaved Parents." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 80, no. 4 (January 22, 2018): 629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818754669.

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We explored parents’ views of the trajectories of their adult children’s eventual deaths from drugs with in-depth qualitative interviews from 11 bereaved parents. Parents reported great emotional distress and high financial burdens as their children went through death spirals of increasing drug involvements. These deaths often entailed anxiety-inducing interactions with police or medical personnel, subsequent difficulties with sharing death cause information with socially significant others, and longer term problems from routine interactions. Eventually, though, many of these longer term bereaved parents reported overcoming these obstacles and developing posttraumatic growth. Openly disclosing the nature of the death seemed to be an important building block for their healing.

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Ives, Richard, and Ian Clements. "Drug education in schools: a review." Children & Society 10, no. 1 (March 1996): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0860(199603)10:1<14::aid-chi2>3.0.co;2-i.

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Li, Xiaoming, Bonita Stanton, Susan Feigelman, Maureen M. Black, and Daniel Romer. "Drug Trafficking and Drug Use among Urban African American Early Adolescents." Journal of Early Adolescence 14, no. 4 (November 1994): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431694014004005.

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Fitzgerald, Robin, Lorraine Mazerolle, and Paul Mazerolle. "Drug normalisation and Australian youth: group differences in the social accommodation of drug use." Journal of Youth Studies 16, no. 7 (November 2013): 901–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2013.763920.

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Barnard, Marina, and Joy Barlow. "Discovering parental drug dependence: silence and disclosure." Children & Society 17, no. 1 (2002): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chi.727.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Drug courier'

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