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Journal articles on the topic 'Drug entrapment efficiency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Giridhar Reddy, S., and Amrita Thakur. "Drug Entrapment Efficiency of Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogel." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 577 (December 7, 2019): 012176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/577/1/012176.

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Okunlola, A., and S. T. Oloye. "Influence of Pregelatinized Breadfruit Starch-Alginate Blend as a Sustained Release Polymer in Theophylline Microbeads Using Box Behnken Design." Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 16, no. 2 (2021): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v16i2.5.

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Background: Apart from the coating property of modified starches on drugs, these natural polymers also acts as release rate retardants.Objectives: To evaluate the potential of pregelatinized breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) starch as a carrier in microbead formulations of theophylline using different blend combinations with sodium alginate and to determine the optimized formulation using Box-Behnken design.Method: Theophylline microbeads were prepared using the ionic gelation method. The 3 factor-3 level Box-Behnken design was employed for constructing polynomial models to optimize the microbea

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Raval, Komal K., and Dr Shyam Sunder Pancholi. "Preparation and Evaluation of Microsphere Loaded Transdermal Drug Delivery System for Anti-Hypertensive Drug." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 1 (2025): 335–39. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-1001335339.

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The objective of present study was to develop chitosan-based sustained release Losartan Potassium microspheres Loaded TDDS to reduce the dosing frequency. Materials and Methods: The Losartan Potassium -loaded chitosan microspheres were formulated by emulsion crosslinking method. A 32 factorial design was employed to study the influence of drug:Polymer ratio and volume of glutaraldehyde (GA) on percentage entrapment Efficiency, particle size, and % Yield. Later % Drug release from transdermal patch was monitored at 168hours.Results:The entrapment efficiency was found to be 71.70%and particle si

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Ms. Ekta, Ms Ekta, Dr Gurpreet Singh Dr. Gurpreet Singh, Dr Rajesh Sharma Dr. Rajesh Sharma, Dr Jeyabalan G. Dr. Jeyabalan G, and Dr Praveen Goyal Dr. Praveen Goyal. "Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Microspheres of Losartan Potassium Using Sodium Alginate and Gum Acacia." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 3 (2025): 332–38. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-1003332338.

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This research aimed to prepare gastroretentive floating microsphere of antihypertensive drug. Nine batches of gum acacia alginate-based microspheres of Losartan Potassium were formulated by ionic gelation technique, each having 50mg drug strength. (F1 - F9)Compatibility studies confirmed no interaction between drug & excipients. Prepared microspheres were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesion potential and in vitro drug release potential. The drug loading (%) and entrapment efficiency (%) was calculated and it was observed that entrapment effici

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Apridamayanti, Pratiwi, Nora Nurlina Sinaga, and Rise Desnita. "Comparison Ability of Polymers Acrycoat S100 And HPMC K4M to Entrapment Efficiency Domperidone in Microspheres." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v7i1.18461.

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Domperidone is a prokinetic and antiemetic agent which has low bioavaibility. To increase the bioavaibility of drug, it can be modified into microsphere that can hold drug more longer in gastric to improve the bioavaibility. The microsphere preparation requires a polymer that can make matrix system to protect and deliver the drugs. Acrycoat S100 and HPMC K4M are the usual polymers that used for encapsulation and have biodegradable characteristic. The aim of this research is to know the comparison ability of two different polymers to entrapment the drug in microsphere. Microsphere domperidone m

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Surendranath, Betala* M.Mohan Varma K.Abbulu. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING MICROSPHERES OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 11 (2017): 4190–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1050439.

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Metformin hydrochloride is a hypoglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus. It is a BCS class III drug having high solubility and poor permeability. Plasma half life ranges from 1.5 to 3 hours and oral bioavailability is 50 to 60 %. Hence require frequent oral administration for adequate treatment of Diabetes. In order to extend the gastric retention time, oral sustained release dosage form was develop in the form of microspheres using different polymers (sodium CMC, HPMC K100M). All the formulations were evaluated for in-vitro dissolution, entrapment eff

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Kaur, Prabhjot, Varun Garg,, Palak Bawa, et al. "FORMULATION, SYSTEMATIC OPTIMIZATION, IN VITRO, EX VIVO, AND STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF TRANSETHOSOME BASED GEL OF CURCUMIN." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 14 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s2.28563.

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Objectives: The current work presents a formulation of curcumin-loaded transethosome (CRM-TE) in the form of a gel and its characterization.Methods: Thirteen formulations were prepared by varying the concentration of Phospholipon 90G as lipid, ethanol, and ratio of lipid: Span using Box- Behnken Design. The optimized formulation was characterized by vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, drug retention, drug permeation through skin, and morphology. Parameters of CRM-TE were compared to other vesicular systems that include liposomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes. Optimized CRM-TE was incorporated

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Albasri, Omar Waleed Abduljaleel. "Formulation and Assessment of Tolnaftate Microsponges for Topical Medication Deliverance." South Asian Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 6, no. 06 (2024): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjps.2024.v06i06.001.

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Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the sustained delivery of Tolnaftate using topical polymeric microsponges. Materials and Methods: Tolnaftate-loaded microsponges made of ethyl cellulose were prepared via quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion. The effects of the drug-to-polymer ratio on active drug content, particle size, and entrapment efficiency were examined. The optimized formulation was incorporated into a Carbopol gel and evaluated for drug content, pH, viscosity, and in vitro drug release. The study considered internal phase volume, stirring rate, and emulsifier concentrati

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S, Subhashitha, Ashitha Meharooz, Haseena ., Nasheel Shereen, and Ravi Kumar. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MEFENAMIC ACID MICROSPHERES BY IONIC GELATION TECHNIQUE." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation 11, no. 5 (2022): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.115236.

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The aim of the present investigation is to prepare mefenamic acid microspheres by ionic gelation technique. A total of three formulations were prepared by altering the polymer ratio. The obtained microspheres were evaluated for drug entrapment efficiency, swelling index, and in vitro drug release. Out of three formulation F3 formulation i.e., (1:2) drug: polymer ratio was found to best formulation with high product yield, Drug entrapment efficiency, Swelling index, and in vitro drug release.

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Journal, Jddtadmin. "Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Budesonide Mucoadhesive Microspherefor Pulmonary Drug Delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 2-S (2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i2-s.4622.

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Thepurpose of the study was to develop and evaluatemucoadhesive microspheres of Budesonide for pulmonary drug delivery systemhaving prolonged residence time and sustained drug release. Microspheres were prepared by emulsificationsolvent evaporation technique using HPMC, carbopol as polymers in varying ratios. The microspheres were evaluated for its percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size and shape, in vitro mucoadhesion study and in vitro drug release studies.The FTIR studies revealed no chemical interaction between the drug molecule and polymers and found that drug was com

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Sharma, Kritika, Priya Thakur, and Shweta Agarwal. "Formulation and Evaluation of New Sustained Release Floating Microspheres of Cilnidipine by Solvent-Diffusion Evaporation Technique." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 6 (2023): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i6.5861.

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The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a gastro-retentive cilnidipine loaded floating microspheres. The floating microspheres of cilnidipine were prepared by the solvent evaporation method for oral drug delivery using HPMCK4M and ethyl cellulose as polymers. The drug loaded microspheres were evaluated for particle size, drug content, entrapment efficiency and floating time. The in-vitro study was performed in pH 1.2 to determine the amount of drug released. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to check the surface morphology of microspheres. The mean

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Pakhale, Nilesh V., S. B. Gondkar, and R. B. Saudagar. "Ethosomes: Transdermal Drug Delivery System." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3 (2019): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3.2692.

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The skin is one of the most extensive and readily accessible organs of the human Body. One of the greatest disadvantages to transdermal drug delivery is the skin's low permeability that limits the number of drugs that can be delivered in this manner. Ethosomes as novel vesicles in transdermal drug delivery show significant effects on drug penetration through the biological membrane. Now-a-days we better know vesicles have importance in cellular communication. Ethosomes, Although ethosomes are conceptually sophisticated, they are simple inpreparation and safe for use. Transdermal route is promi

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Semalty, A., and A. Semwal. "GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING MICROSPHERE OF NATEGLINIDE: FORMULATION, EVALUATION AND EFFECT OF DRUG-POLYMER RATIO." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 06 (2014): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.06.10083.

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The study aims to develop gastroretentive floating drug delivery system of nateglinide which is used in the treatment of type – II diabetes. Due to the short biological half life of drug (about 1.5 hours), frequent dosing is required to maintain its therapeutic effect. Therefore, to prolong the gastric retention of nateglinide, its oil entrapped floating microspheres (different formulations with different drug to polymer ratio) were prepared using sodium alginate by emulsion gelation method. The prepared floating microspheres were subjected to evaluation for surface characteristic, entrapment

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Harish, Mahajan, Patel Jeevan, Sharma Ramakant, Khan Shabnam, and Patel Rakesh. "Formulation and In-vitro evaluation of mometasone furoate mucoadhesive microsphere for pulmonary drug delivery." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 14, no. 1 (2023): 080–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8036933.

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The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate mucoadhesive microspheres of Mometasone for pulmonary drug delivery system having prolonged residence time and sustained drug release. Microspheres were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation technique using HPMC, carbopol as polymers in varying ratios. The microspheres were evaluated for its percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size and shape, <em>In vitro </em>mucoadhesion study and <em>In vitro </em>drug release studies. The FTIR studies revealed no chemical interaction between the drug molecu

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Padmasri, B., R. Kalyani, V. Anilkumar, D. Prasanth, and M. Indu. "Preparation and evaluation of adipic dihydrazide cross-linked hyaluronic acid microspheres for cephalexin." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/joapr.2021.9.1.30.36.

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Hyaluronic acid also called as Hyaluronan, Sodium Hyaluronate (SA), sodium salt form of Hyaluronic acid is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and viscoelastic linear polysaccharide of a wide molecular weight range (1000 to 10,000,000 Da). In this project, described a method for preparing HA microspheres at different pH conditions by adapting a non-toxic and aqueous based crosslinking chemistry for sustained drug delivery of drugs. The derivatization chemistry of HA utilizing adipic dihydrazide has been used to construct hydrogels, applied for microsphere preparation. ADH was coupled efficiently t

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Pratiwi, Sabrina Resky, Nur Ainiah, Hardyanti Hardyanti, Dini Rusdayanti Putri, and Emilia Utomo. "A Study on Entrapment Efficiency of Earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) Extract in the Ethosomal Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Applied Biology 1, no. 1 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v1i1.2269.

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IntroductionEarthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) extract is known to contain bioactive protein as antibacterial compounds. One of the disadvantages of polar compounds is slow penetration into the skin layers which can be solved by formulating it in the form of ethosomal drug delivery system. The aims of this research was to get information about ethanol concentration that can give the highest entrapment efficiency of the ethosome. MethodsEarthworms powder was macerated using 50% ethanol for 3 days. The extract was formulated into ethosome with variation of ethanol concentration that are 20%, 30%, 4

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Vohra, Kripi, Meenu Mehta, Vandana Garg, Kamal Dua, and Harish Dureja. "Formulation, Characterisation and In vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Lens culinaris Medikus Seeds Extract Loaded Chitosan Microspheres." Current Molecular Pharmacology 14, no. 3 (2021): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467214666210210124739.

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Objective: The aim of present study was to formulate chitosan microspheres loaded with ethanolic extract of Lens culinaris Medikus (L.culinaris) seeds (ME) and to explore its anticancer potential against lung cancer (A549) cell line. Methods: Central composite design was applied to prepare and optimise the chitosan microspheres. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for its physicochemical characterisation, in vitro drug release and anti-cancer potential in vitro. Results: L.culinaris loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared successfully with suitable particle size, entrapment efficiency

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Duangjit, Sureewan, Praneet Opanasopit, Theerasak Rojanarata, and Tanasait Ngawhirunpat. "Effect of Surfactants on Characteristic and In Vitro Release of Meloxicam Loaded in Deformable Liposomes." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.457.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of surfactants on characteristic and in vitro release of liposomes containing meloxicam (MX), model of water insoluble drug. The potential use of deformable liposomes for drug delivery system was developed and investigated. The formulation composed of constant amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and MX and various amounts of cholesterol (Chol), sodium cholate (NaChol), sodium oleate (NaO) and stearylamine (SA) was formulated by reverse phase evaporation method. The vesicle size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, loading effici

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Kandukuru, Sunil Kumar, and Naga Bhargavi Metta. "Formulation and evaluation of triclabendazole nanoparticles." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 2 (2023): 505–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10839601.

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The aim of the study is the formulation and evaluation of triclabendazole nanoparticles. There is a need to develop alternative novel drug delivery formulations of Triclabendazole to improve its intestinal absorption and also reduce its side effects during regular therapy. The Triclabendazole nanoparticles were prepared by hot homogenization method under high magnetic stirring using stearic acid as lipid, and poloxamer 188 was used as a surfactant. Initial pre-formulation studies using FTIR spectroscopy reveal no interactions between Triclabendazole and other excipients; hence, they can be use

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Sai, S. M., R. P. Swain, and A. K. Mahapatra. "PREPARATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF BIODEGRADABLE ZIDOVUDINE LOADED CONTROLLED RELEASE MICROSPHERES USING NATURAL GUMS AS RELEASE RETARDANTS." INDIAN DRUGS 56, no. 06 (2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.56.06.11667.

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The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the entrapment efficiency of the anti-HIV drug, zidovudine, using natural gums and study the zidovudine release. Zidovudine-loaded microspheres were prepared by external ionotropic gelation technique. Sodium alginate in combination with guar gum or xanthan gums in different ratios were used. The microspheres of different core: coat ratios were formulated and evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, percentage yield, swelling index, in vitro drug release and kinetic studies. Drug polymer compatibility studies were performed b

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H S, Mamatha, A. M. Jainaf Nachiya R., Ashok Kumar BS, et al. "Next-Generation Antifungal Therapy: Miconazole Nitrate-Loaded Microspheres for Prolonged and Enhanced Drug Action." Cuestiones de Fisioterapia 54, no. 3 (2025): 653–64. https://doi.org/10.48047/chthkp19.

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The current research focused on developing and characterizing sustained-releasemicrospheres of miconazole nitrate (MCN) with different polymers to optimize drugentrapment efficiency and manage drug release. Microspheres were produced with anoptimized method and examined for particle size, surface topography, yield percentage,drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release kinetic. Optical microscopyand scanning electron microscopy (SEM) validated the spherical microspheres with a sizeof 140–210 µm. The entrapment efficiency of the drug ranged from 72.06 ± 6.09 to 89.45± 5.18 %,

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Naji, Ghada Hamid, and Gawhari Fatima J. Al. "Evaluation of types and concentration of bile salts impact on physical properties of nisoldipine-loaded bilosomes." Pharmacia 71, no. () (2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116917.

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Background: Bilosomes are lipid vesicles that exhibit flexibility and deformability. They consist of phospholipids and amphiphilic bile salts. Compared to the normal vesicular systems such as liposomes and niosomes, bilosomes provide several notable advantages, including simplified manufacturing, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced stability. Aim: The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different bile salts on the physical properties that include entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, and polydispersity index(PDI). In addition, <i>in vitro</i> drug release for nisoldipi

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Patel, Parth, Tejas Barot, and Pratik Kulkarni. "Formulation, Characterization and In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation of Capecitabine Loaded Niosomes." Current Drug Delivery 17, no. 3 (2020): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201817666200214111815.

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Background: Nanocarriers improve the efficacy of drugs by facilitating their specific delivery and protecting them from external environment resulting in a better performance against diseases. Objective: In this study, it was aimed to improve the efficacy of capecitabine against colorectal cancer by its entrapment in niosomes. Ether injection method was used to prepare niosomes composed of span 20 and cholesterol. Methods: Niosomes were evaluated by evaluating the entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release and cytotoxicity of capecitabine loaded niosomes. Niosomes were characterized by parti

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Kathuria, Himanshu, Harish K. Handral, Saera Cha, et al. "Enhancement of Skin Delivery of Drugs Using Proposome Depends on Drug Lipophilicity." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 9 (2021): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091457.

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The study aims to investigate the propylene glycol-based liposomes named ‘proposomes’ in enhancing skin permeation of drugs with different physicochemical properties. Ibuprofen, tofacitinib citrate, rhodamine B, and lidocaine were loaded into proposomes. These drug formulations were analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro skin permeation. The confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed on skin treated with calcein and rhodamine B laden proposomes. The transdermal delivery relative to physicochemical properties of drugs such as

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Kaur, Paninder, J. S. Dua, and D. N. Prasad. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF KETOCONAZOLE NIOSOMAL GEL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 5 (2018): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i5.424.

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ABSTRACT  In recent years, treatment of infectious disease through Novel Drug delivery system (NDDS) has undergone a revolutionary shift. Niosomes are a Novel Drug Delivery system which has potential application to treat infectious disease topically. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles, in which medication is encapsulated in a vesicle for controlled drug release. Ketoconazole niosomes were prepared by using Cholesterol, Span 60/ Span 40 as surfactants, chloroform, and diethyl ether using rotary vacuum evaporator method. Formulation was then evaluated for particle size, drug

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Begum, M. Yasmin, and Prathyusha Reddy Gudipati. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DASATINIB LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 12 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i12.27567.

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Objective: The aim of present work was to formulate and evaluate Dasatinib (DST) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a potential anticancer drug delivery system by enhancing its solubility.Methods: SLNs consist of a solid lipid matrix where the drug was incorporated. Surfactants of GRAS grade were used to avoid aggregation and to stabilize the SLNs. DST-SLNs formulations of varying concentrations were prepared by high speed homogenization technique and evaluated for drug excipients compatibility study, poly-dispersity index, particle size analysis, surface morphology, zeta potential and

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Puchakayala, Shruthi, and Abbaraju Krishna Sailaja. "Formulation and Evaluation of Liposomal Drug Delivery System for Sulfasalazine." Current Nanomedicine 11, no. 3 (2021): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666211217100726.

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Aim: Aim of the current study is to prepare and characterize sulfasalazine-loaded liposomes to improve the bioavailability of the drug and to lessen the adverse effects of the drug. Background: Diseases like inflammatory bowel disease can be treated by anti-inflammatory agents like “Sulfasalazine,” It can also be used to treat ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The biological half-life of sulfasalazine is 5-10hr; as in the case of conventional therapy, there is a chance of missing the dose. Therefore, frequent administration of drugs is essential to maintain the desired steady-state level

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Sharma, Saurabh, Yogesh Matta, Sandeep Singh, Kajol Rustage, Ashwani Kumar, and Neha Arora. "Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Microspheres of 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-A (2019): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3594.

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1,1-Dimethylbiguanide is a hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus. It is a BCS Class –III drug having poor permeability. Plasma half life ranges from 1.5-3 hrs & oral bioavailability is 50-60%. Hence require frequent oral administration for adequate treatment of Diabetes in order to extend the gastric retention time oral sustained dosage form was developed in the form of microspheres using polymers (sodium CMC, HPMC K 100 M). The results presented that drug dissolution rate and drug entrapment increases while decreasing the polymer amount. All t

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Naji, Ghada Hamid, and Fatima J. Al Gawhari. "Evaluation of types and concentration of bile salts impact on physical properties of nisoldipine-loaded bilosomes." Pharmacia 71 (February 9, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116917.

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Background: Bilosomes are lipid vesicles that exhibit flexibility and deformability. They consist of phospholipids and amphiphilic bile salts. Compared to the normal vesicular systems such as liposomes and niosomes, bilosomes provide several notable advantages, including simplified manufacturing, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced stability. Aim: The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different bile salts on the physical properties that include entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, and polydispersity index(PDI). In addition, in vitro drug release for nisoldipine (NSD

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Thombre, Nilima A., Huzefa Ahmad Shaikh, and Eknath D. Ahire. "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Colonspecific Esomeprazole Microspheres." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 3 (2022): 679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3020.

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The development of Esomeprazole microspheres using enteric coated polymers, such as Eudragit L100, by antisolvent precipitation method has been the focus of recent research in order to achieve the best drug concentration along with improved stability and bioavailability without any adverse effects in an acidic environment. For the development of the Esomeprazole microsphere, a 32 factorial design was used, with polymer amount and rpm being the variables. According to the results of the factorial design investigation, it was found that polymer concentration has a substantial impact on drug rele

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Yadav, RK, Satyam Prakash, K. Yadav, NK Yadav, and M. Mostafa. "Physico-chemical evaluation of Gastroretentive Ranitidine Hydrochloride: An Anti-Ulcer Drug." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 3, no. 2 (2016): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v3i2.16075.

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Background and Objectives: The prevention and treatment of peptic ulcers has become an important challenge in the current medicine world. Modern progress in novel drug delivery system aims to improve the efficacy of the drug molecule by formulating a dosage form of RHCL. One of the most feasible approaches for achieving a prolonged and predictable drug delivery profile in GI tract is to control the gastric residence time. Therefore, a multi-unit gastro retentive dosage form of RHCL capable of floating on simulated gastric fluid for more than 12 hours was formulated and evaluated.Materials and

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Chaudhari, Pallavi M., and Mahananda V. Ghodake. "Development and Optimization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle for Topical Delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 5-s (2019): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i5-s.3648.

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The aim of present work was to develop and evaluate solid lipid nanoparticle (SLNs) based gel for topical delivery of anti-inflammatory drug. Material and method Nabumetone loaded SLNs were developed by hot homogenization followed by ultra- sonication technique using compritol 888 ATO as solid lipid and tween 80 as a surfactant. Developed SLNs were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug release profile. Process and formulation parameters were optimized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out on SLNs to mark the cha

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Mallika Tamminana and B.V.V. Ravi Kumar. "Quality by Design (Qbd) Based Development and Evaluation of Carvedilol Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhanced Solubility." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S-5 (2023): 2318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-5.1845.

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By preparing a polymeric nanoparticle by nanoprecipitation using specific polymers like Chitosan and HPMC K15M and Poloxamer 407 as a surfactant, the drug solubility of Carvedilol, a BCS class-II drug with poor water solubility, can be improved through the release of drug over time. Critical quality parameters, such as drug release (%), entrapment efficiency (%), particle size (nm), and zeta potential (mV), are used to eliminate unnecessary process and formulation variables. The model drug has a sharp melting point, and the FT-IR and DSC investigations show that it does not interact with the p

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Joshi, Gayitri, Arun Kumar Singh, Prashant Upadhyay, and Abhishek Tiwari. "Formulation and Evaluation of Tropicamide loaded Niosomes." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3-s (2019): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2795.

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Tropicamide is an antimuscarinic drug used in eye disease. The niosomal vesicular drug delivery system facilitate the permeation of drug through the cornea because of the micron/nano size of vesicles containing drugs, which will increase the corneal penetration of drug, and increase the residence time of formulation in ocular cavity that result to increase the bioavailability of drug. Tropicamide loaded Niosomes by investigating the relationship between drug/Nonionic surfactant ratio were successfully prepared by thin film hydration method and compare the result of different grade of span used

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Verma, V. K., and Ram A. "Preparation, Characterization and In-vitro release of Piroxicam-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 3, no. 3 (2010): 1136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2010.3.3.12.

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Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of piroxicam where produced by solvent emulsification diffusion method in a solvent saturated system. The SLNs where composed of tripamitin lipid, polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) stabilizer, and solvent ethyl acetate. All the formulation were subjected to particle size analysis, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, percent drug loading determination and in-vitro release studies. The SLNs formed were nano-size range with maximum entrapment efficiency. Formulation with 435nm in particle size and 85% drug entrapment was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (S

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Chourasiya, Vibha, Sarvesh Bohrey, and Archna Pandey. "Formulation, optimization, and characterization of amlodipine besylate loaded polymeric nanoparticles." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 9_suppl (2021): S1555—S1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211056154.

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The objectives of this work were to formulate and optimize amlodipine besylate loaded polymeric nanoparticles by using factorial design. The emulsion solvent evaporation method was employed successfully to produce the drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles and the optimization was done by the help of the 24 factorial design. The effect of the main preparation variables on the dependent variables such as nanoparticle size and % drug entrapment efficiency was studied for the optimization of the nanoparticles. The characterization of these nanoparticles was done by the different parameters such as i

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Mishra, Namrata, Vinamrata Srivastava, Anu Kaushik, Vivek x. Vivek Chauhan, and Gunjan Srivastava. "Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of Niosomes of Aceclofenac." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 3, no. 3 (2014): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2014.3311.

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The present research work was to formulate and evaluate the site specific delivery of aceclofenac niosomes in order to overcome the problem of GI discomfort and to produce a better therapeutic response. Niosomes of Aceclofenac were formulated by an Ether injection method using different concentrations of drug, cholesterol and surfactant (Span 60). The formulations were evaluated from the various methods like vesicle shape, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug content, compatibility studies and in-vitro drug release. Ether injection method was found to be most satisfactory with respective

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Panik, R. K., M. R. Singh, and D. Singh. "INFLUENCE OF SELECTED VARIABLES ON FABRICATION OF MUPIROCIN LOADED PLGA NANOCARRIERS." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 05 (2017): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.05.10928.

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Aim of the study was to develop PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-NP) of mupirocin (MP) and to study the effect of independent variables in order to optimize the formulation for effective delivery. Drug loaded PLGA-NPs were successfully prepared by nanoprecipitation method and characterized by mean particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, drug release, TEM, and DSC study. Independent variables like drug-polymer ratio, surfactant concentration, and stirring speed showed significant effect on the dependent variables like particle size, entrapment efficiency and drug loading. Th

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Dey, Sanjoy Kumar, Bivash Mandal, Manas Bhowmik, and Lakshmi Kanta Ghosh. "Development and in vitro evaluation of Letrozole loaded biodegradable nanoparticles for breast cancer therapy." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 45, no. 3 (2009): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502009000300025.

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The objectives of our study were to prepare and evaluate a biodegradable nanoparticulate system of Letrozole (LTZ) intended for breast cancer therapy. LTZ loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (LTZ-PLGA-NPs) were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method using methylene chloride and polyvinyl alcohol. Percentage of drug (with respect to polymer) was selected as formulation variable. LTZ-PLGA-NPs were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, infrared spectra, drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. Sonication was done with an ultrasound pulse sonicator at 70 W, 3

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Dubey, Rituraj, B. K. Dubey, Girijesh Kumar Pandey, and S. K. Yadav. "Formulation and Characterization of Alginate Microbeads of Clonidine Hydrochloride by Ionotropic Gelation Technique." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2-s (2019): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2-s.2510.

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The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate sodium alginate microbeads with calcium chloride as cross-linking agent for Clonidine hydrochloride by ionotropic gelation method. Clonidine hydrochloride a centrally acting sympatholytic and imidazoline-derivative hypotensive agent; selective α2-adrenergic agonist. It stimulates alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the brainstem to decrease sympathetic nervous system outflow. It is also administered epidurally to treat pain. Microbeads offer numerous advantages for releasing one of the drugs or part of the same drug immediately while remaining

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Dr., Christopher Vimalson D.* Dr. Alagarraja M. Dinesh P. Latha Mary T. Aravindh Rao S. Gowrishankar T. Monica K. Siva B. Yuvarajan K. "Research On Preparation and Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium Copper Oxide Nanoparticles." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 3 (2025): 2199–206. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15079444.

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This study aimed to formulate and evaluate diclofenac sodium copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles for improved drug delivery. Diclofenac sodium CuO nanoparticles were synthesized via a chemical precipitation method using copper chloride dihydrate as a cross-linking agent and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. Three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) with varying diclofenac sodium concentrations (0.25M, 0.37M, and 0.5M, respectively) were prepared and characterized. The nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy to confirm the presence of diclofenac sodium and CuO. Key characterizatio

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Navale, Gaurav Pawar Yash Choure Siddhi Gugale Vaishnavi. "Formulation And Evaluation of a Itraconazole Nanosponges." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 6 (2025): 1242–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15608230.

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Itraconazole (ITZ), an antifungal drug, faces challenges related to poor water solubility, leading to low bioavailability. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate ITZ-loaded nanosponges to enhance its solubility and therapeutic efficacy. Nanosponges were prepared using the emulsion solvent diffusion method, employing different ratios of drug, polymer (e.g., ethylcellulose), and porogen (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). The prepared nanosponges were characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, in vitro drug release, and Smorphology. The optimized formulation exhibited a par

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Dr., G. Nagaraju, Teena Lavdya, Sirisha V., and Hareesh Dara Dr. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LINAGLIPTIN TRANSFERSOMAL GEL." Journal of Pharma Research 9, no. 12 (2020): 162–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241847.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>T</strong>ransferosomes are particularly optimized, ultrade formable (ultra flexible) lipid supramolecular aggregates,   which are able to penetrate the mammalian skin intact. Transfersome is a type of carrier system which is capable of transdermal delivery of low as well as high molecular weight drugs. Transfersomes penetrate through the pores of stratum corneum which are smaller than its size and get into the underlying viable skin in intact form. Soya lecithin, Span 80. Methanol and all chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade. Differe

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Kesavan, Bhaskar Reddy, Audi Narayana Nelavala, and Soujanya G S. "Screening of important factors using factorial design to predict simvastatin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles." Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (2024): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v4i1.581.

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This study aims to optimize Simvastatin-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) using a 2^k factorial design approach. Simvastatin, a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug, faces bioavailability challenges, prompting the use of nanotechnology for drug delivery. The study focuses on lipid concentration, surfactant concentration, and homogenization speed as critical factors influencing SLN characteristics. These factors were chosen based on their potential impact on SLN physicochemical properties like particle size, polydispersity index, and drug entrapment efficiency. Through systematic variati

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K, Bhaskar Reddy. "Screening of important factors using factorial design to predict simvastatin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles." Screening of important factors using factorial design to predict simvastatin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles 4, no. 1 (2024): 97–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14649682.

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This study aims to optimize Simvastatin-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) using a 2^k factorial design approach. Simvastatin, a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug, faces bioavailability challenges, prompting the use of nanotechnology for drug delivery. The study focuses on lipid concentration, surfactant concentration, and homogenization speed as critical factors influencing SLN characteristics. These factors were chosen based on their potential impact on SLN physicochemical properties like particle size, polydispersity index, and drug entrapment efficiency. Through systematic variati

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Chapati, Lakshmi Devi, Pradeep Kumar M, S. Neelima, Srikanth Anumalagundam, and Manjula C. "Formulation and evaluation of thiabendazole-loaded nanoparticles." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 3 (2023): 309–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494710.

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Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative novel drug delivery formulations of Thiabendazole to improve its intestinal absorption and reduce its side effects during regular therapy. The Thiabendazole nanoparticles were prepared by hot homogenization method under high magnetic stirring using stearic acid as lipid, and poloxamer 188 was used as a surfactant. Initial pre-formulation studies using FTIR spectroscopy reveal that there are no interactions between Thiabendazole and other excipients; hence, they can be used to prepare nanoparticles. The entrapment efficiencies varied from a mini

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Sai Sreenidhi K and Anand Kumar Yegnoor. "Proniosomal gel mediated transdermal delivery of Donepezil HCl: Development and in vitro characterization." International Journal of Frontline Research in Pharma and Bio Sciences 2, no. 2 (2023): 017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56355/ijfrpbs.2023.2.2.0018.

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The aim of this research was to study the potential of proniosomal gel for transdermal delivery. Donepezil HCl loaded proniosomal gels were prepared by the coacervation phase separation method using different nonionic surfactants (spans and tweens). The prepared Donepezil HCl proniosomal gels were evaluated for various parameters such as particle size (PS), drug entrapment efficiency percentage (EE %), and in vitro drug release. Donepezil HCl loaded proniosomal gel was prepared successfully by coacervation phase separation method. The prepared proniosomal gel exhibited desired entrapment effic

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Vijaya Sri, K., D. Sandhya, M. Manchala, and R. S. Dashamukhi. "BOX–BEHNKEN METHOD TO OPTIMIZE LORNOXICAM PRONIOSOMES: PREPARATION, IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY." INDIAN DRUGS 55, no. 06 (2018): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.55.06.10289.

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The objective of present investigation was to develop and evaluation of proniosomes as the carrier of lornoxicam for topical delivery. lornoxicam-loaded proniosomes were prepared by coacervation phase separation method. The Box–Behnken design used in this study helped in identifying the factors affecting drug entrapment efficiency and drug diffusion. Proniosomes were evaluated for appearance, pH, viscosity, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug diffusion studies. The optimized formulations were further evaluated to vesicle size, shape, zeta potential, percutaneous permeation and analgesic ef

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Albhar, Ketan, Amit Kasabe, and Vaibhav Wagh. "Development and Optimization of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Solid-SNEDDS) for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Itraconazole." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 14, no. 15S (2025): 654–66. https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v14i15s.3581.

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This study aimed to develop and optimize a Solid-Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Solid-SNEDDS) to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of itraconazole. The optimized formulation (SF1) was prepared using Capmul MCM, Tween 20, and Propylene Glycol as excipients. Solubility studies indicated the highest solubility in Capmul MCM (8.7 mg/ml). SF1 demonstrated a drug content of 95.15% ± 0.12 and an entrapment efficiency of 89.56% ± 0.12, suggesting efficient drug loading and minimal leakage. In vitro dissolution studies showed a maximum drug release of 98.82% at 8

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Hameed, Huma, Khurram Rehman, Anam Hameed, and Abdul Qayuum. "Preparation and characterization of pH-responsive ionic crosslinked microparticles of mercaptopurine to target ulcerative colitis." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 9_suppl (2021): S1248—S1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211047338.

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The objective of this study was the preparation of ionically crosslinked 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) monohydrate microparticles through preparing polyelectrolyte complexes of drug and polymers. Polymers such as chitosan, casein, and carrageenan were used to prepare crosslinked microparticles, and sodium tripolyphosphate was used as crosslinker. Microparticles were characterized for their flow behavior, compressibility, percentage yield, micromeritic, and entrapment efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to understand the surface morphology of the microparticles, and the result was

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