Journal articles: 'Drug nanoforms'

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Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu, Judy Gopal, Manikandan Muthu, Juhyun Shin, Selvaraj Mari, and Jaewook Oh. "Green Synthesized Chitosan/Chitosan Nanoforms/Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery Applications." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142256.

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Chitosan has become a highlighted polymer, gaining paramount importance and research attention. The fact that this valuable polymer can be extracted from food industry-generated shell waste gives it immense value. Chitosan, owing to its biological and physicochemical properties, has become an attractive option for biomedical applications. This review briefly runs through the various methods involved in the preparation of chitosan and chitosan nanoforms. For the first time, we consolidate the available scattered reports on the various attempts towards greens synthesis of chitosan, chitosan nanomaterials, and chitosan nanocomposites. The drug delivery applications of chitosan and its nanoforms have been reviewed. This review points to the lack of systematic research in the area of green synthesis of chitosan. Researchers have been concentrating more on recovering chitosan from marine shell waste through chemical and synthetic processes that generate toxic wastes, rather than working on eco-friendly green processes—this is projected in this review. This review draws the attention of researchers to turn to novel and innovative green processes. More so, there are scarce reports on the application of green synthesized chitosan nanoforms and nanocomposites towards drug delivery applications. This is another area that deserves research focus. These have been speculated and highlighted as future perspectives in this review.

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Shabatina, Tatyana, Olga Vernaya, Vladimir Shabatin, Iuliia Evseeva, Michail Melnikov, Andrew Fitch, and Vladimir Chernyshev. "Cryochemically Obtained Nanoforms of Antimicrobial Drug Substance Dioxidine and Their Physico-chemical and Structural Properties." Crystals 8, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8070298.

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Nanoforms of the antimicrobial drug substance 2,3-bis-(hydroxymethyl) quinoxaline-N,N′-dioxide with particles sizes between 50 and 300 nm were obtained by cryochemical modification of the initial pharmaceutical substance using a freeze-drying technique and were characterized by different physicochemical methods (FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, DSC, TG and X-ray diffraction) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The data obtained from FTIR- and UV–Vis-spectroscopy confirmed the unaltered chemical structure of dioxidine molecules due to the cryochemical modification method. At the same time, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis data show the change of the crystal structure compared to the parameters of the initial pharmaceutical dioxidine substance. A higher dissolution rate was revealed for cryomodified dioxidine nanoforms. The existence of three polymorphic crystal phases was established for cryomodified dioxidine samples possessed by some thermal activation processes: two anhydrous polymorphic phases, triclinic (T) and monoclinic (M), and one hydrated form (H).

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Shabatina, Tatyana I., Yurii N. Morosov, Andrey V. Soloviev, Andrey V. Shabatin, Olga I. Vernaya, and Michail Y. Melnikov. "Cryochemical Production of Drug Nanoforms: Particle Size and Crystal Phase Control of the Antibacterial Medication 2,3-Quinoxalinedimethanol-1,4-dioxide (Dioxidine)." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061588.

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Increasing the effectiveness of known, well-tested drugs is a promising low-cost alternative to the search for new drug molecular forms. Powerful approaches to solve this problem are (a) an active drug particle size reduction down to the nanoscale and (b) thermodynamically metastable but kinetically stable crystal modifications of drug acquisition. The combined cryochemical method has been used for size and structural modifications of the antibacterial drug 2,3-quinoxalinedimethanol-1,4-dioxide (dioxidine). The main stage of the proposed technique includes the formation of a molecular vapor of the drug substance, combined with a carrier gas (CO2) flow, followed by a fast condensation of the drug substance and CO2 molecules on a cooled-by-liquid nitrogen surface of preparative cryostate. It was established that the molecular chemical structure of the drug substance remained unchanged during cryochemical modification; however, it led to a significant decrease of the drug particles’ size down to nanosizes and changes in the crystal structures of the solid drug nanoforms obtained. Varying carrier gas (CO2) flow led to changes in their solid phase composition. A higher dissolution rate and changes in antibacterial activity were demonstrated for cryomodified dioxidine samples in comparison to the properties of the initial pharmacopeia dioxidine.

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Ahmad, S., and U. Hashim. "Nanoherbals in Human Healthcare: A Proposed Research and Development Roadmap I." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 29, no. 1 (June 20, 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.50.

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Bioactive secondary metabolites derived from herbs are examined for their suitability of conversion into nanoforms having flexible morphological controls, surface stabilizations and surface functionalization. This can lead to stable chemical conjugations based on molecular recognition for their possible applications in the form of smart pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmaceuticals and many other related areas of human healthcare using green chemistry routes. Using the principles of nanoscience and technology in association with genomics and proteomics, an attempt has been made to decipher whether a suitable form of drug discovery and targeted drug delivery like schemes arefeasible in case of such nano phytochemicals using various kinds of nanosize carriers and labelling molecules already identified in the course of investigations of contemporary single molecule drug developments. Additional efforts can clarify whether such species will be successful in the early detection of diseases based on marker molecules. Once identified, these green phytochemicals will certainly replace many hazardous chemical compounds by their environmentally friendly and sustainable forms in times to come.

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Ahmad, S., and U. Hashim. "Nanoherbals in Human Healthcare: A Proposed Research and Development Roadmap II." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 29, no. 1 (June 20, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.51.

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Bioactive secondary metabolites derived from herbs are examined for their suitability of conversion into nanoforms having flexible morphological controls, surface stabilizations and surface functionalization. This can lead to stable chemical conjugations based on molecular recognition for their possible applications in the form of smart pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmaceuticals and many other related areas of human healthcare using green chemistry routes. Using the principles of nanoscience and technology in association with genomics and proteomics, an attempt has been made to decipher whether a suitable form of drug discovery and targeted drug delivery like schemes are feasible in case of such nano phytochemicals using various kinds of nanosize carriers and labelling molecules already identified in the course of investigations of contemporary single molecule drug developments. Additional efforts can clarify whether such species will be successful in the early detection of diseases based on marker molecules. Once identified, these green phytochemicals will certainly replace many hazardous chemical compounds by their environmentally friendly and sustainable forms in times to come.

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Shabatina, T. I., O. I. Vernaya, A. V. Nuzhdina, V. P. Shabatin, A. M. Semenov, and M. Ya Mel’nikov. "Low-Temperature Synthesis of Hybrid Nanoforms Based on the Antibacterial Drug Dioxidine and Nanoparticles of Bioactive Metals (Silver, Copper) Incorporated into Biopolymer Cryogels." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 93, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): 1970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024419100261.

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Shabatina, T. I., Yu N. Morozov, A. V. Solovyov, A. V. Shabatin, O. I. Vernaya, V. V. Fedorov, and M. Ya Melnikov. "Cryochemical Modification of Medicinal Substances: The Effect of the Carrier Gas Flow Rate on the Physicochemical Properties of Nanoforms of the Antibacterial Drug Dioxidine." Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin 76, no. 3 (May 2021): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s002713142103007x.

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Shvets, V. I., G. M. Sorokoumova, A. I. Lyutik, A. B. Pshenichnikova, D. I. Prokhorov, N. V. Rukosueva, A. G. Yakovenko, et al. "SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF ACADEMICIAN VITALY I. SHVETS: BIONANOPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGIES OF INNOVATIVE DIRECTED-ACTION MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS AND MANPOWER TRAINING." Fine Chemical Technologies 12, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2017-12-6-5-31.

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The results of many years of scientific research in the field of physico-chemical biology and its most important direction - lipidology, conducted by the leading scientific school under the leadership of Academician RAS Vitaly I. Shvets, are reported. On the creation of synthetic, biotechnological methods for obtaining lipids, with the possibility of their practical use by designing on this basis effective diagnostic and medicinal products and application in practical medicine. The further development and use of methods of bionanotechnology for the development of modern medicines for directed action on the basis of increasing the effectiveness of classical drugs by their incorporation into nanocontainers is described. It is reported on the development of technologies for obtaining nanoscale forms of drugs, the study of their pharmacological properties and use in medical practice. Information is provided on the preparation of liposomal antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-tuberculosis, cardiac preparations based on the proposed echnologies, the study of properties and the use for therapeutic purposes. The technologies for obtaining and conducting biological studies of nanoforms based on copolymers of lactic and glycolic acids of antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and a number of other drugs have been developed: It has been shown that the use of nanosized drugs can lead to a significant increase in the pharmacological effect due to various factors. It was noted that during the construction of the drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the contents of liposomes loaded with dopamine pass through the blood-brain barrier almost 100 times better than individual dopamine molecules. Finding a substance in nanoparticles reduces its toxicity primarily due to the effect of "passive targeting". The prolonged action of medicinal substances enclosed in nanoparticles is discussed, due to their gradual release. It is noted that the targeted delivery of nanoparticles makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the drugs by an order of magnitude. It is reported on the drug-delivery technology in the field of oncology and the use of the method of selective delivery of cytostatics to tumor tissues using the receptor-mediated endocytosis. Biological and pharmacological studies based on nanopoporous silicon on the creation of liposomal drugs for the treatment of cancer, cardiological pathologies, tuberculosis are carried out. Data on the work of the scientific and educational center for training specialists in the field of biotechnology and pharmacy are given.

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Hema, Nandanwadkar Shrikrishna Madhukar, Mastiholimath Vinayak Shivamurthy, and Pulija Karunakar. "Novel Simultaneous Identification of Capsaicin and It’s Quantification in Transferosome Formulation By HP-TLC Technique." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 17, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412916666200128121032.

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Introduction: Capsaicin (8-methy-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a potential analgesic derived from Capsicum annuum (Chili peppers), widely used from ancient times for its pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and analgesic and provides relief from migraine and diabetes. But for obvious reasons, capsaicin cannot be administered directly. The present work was designed with a focus to comply with mandatory requirement in various pharmacopeias to know the actual content of API present in final formulations. The formulation (TS3) consisting of 3% lipid, with 4:6 ratio of the polymer and solvent, was found to be the optimized formulation, which gave the best evaluation with regard to the particle size (97.03±2.68) nm, polydispersity index (0.20±0.00), higher zeta potential (61.28±2.06) mv, morphological studies and highest drug entrapment efficiency (68.34±4.24)%. The prepared transferosome formulation was subjected to characterization by validated HP-TLC method consisting of N-Hexane: Tert- Iso-butyl-methyl ether in ratio (5:15) v/v. Linearity was performed in the range of 50-1500 ng/spot with LOD/LOQ 50 ng and 150 ng, with regression analysis (R) of 99.91%. Recovery analysis was performed at 3 different levels at 80, 100 and 120 with an average recovery of 106.97%, respectively. Till now, no analytical method has been reported, associated with the characterization of pharmaceutical nano-forms (Capsaicin), like transferosomes. Thus, the maiden validated HP-TLC method for concurrent analysis of capsaicin as API in nano-transferosome may be employed in process quality control of formulations containing the said API. Background: The irritability and adverse effects post application, leading to inflammation and neural pain at the site of administration of newly Capsaicin API and its chemical entities and marketed formulations are usually related to poor permeability, leading to drug complex reactions in the development phases or therapeutic failure along with the quantification of the same in blood plasma. However, advancement in drug formulations with the use of polymer: alcohol ratio and modernized analytical techniques for the quantification of Pharmaceutical APIs seems to be emerging and promising for overcoming pain and related inflammatory complications by formulating the APIs in Transferosome formulation with Validated HP-TLC technique being used as an effective economic and precise tool for quantitative analysis of APIs in their respective nano-forms. Objective: The study proposes a novel standardized method development and validation of pharmaceutical nanoforms with Capsaicin as API. Method: Capsaicin Transferosomes were formulated using Ultra probe sonication by utilizing different proportions of phospholipid 90G dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and propylene glycol. The formulation was subjected to Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique for nano-particle analysis followed by characterization with respect to particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The morphological study of vesicles was determined using SEM and TEM. A Validated HP-TLC method for the identification and determination of Capsaicin in transferosomes formulation was performed as per the ICH guidelines. Results: The formulation gave the best evaluation for particle size (97.03±2.68) nm, polydispersity index (0.20±0.00), higher zeta potential (61.28±2.06) mv, morphological studies (SEM & TEM) and highest drug entrapment efficiency (68.34±4.24)%. DSC thermograms and FTIR spectral patterns confirmed no physical interaction by polymers with API. The prepared formulation was then characterized using HP-TLC method. The best resolution was found in NHexane: Tert-Isobutyl methyl ether in a ratio of 5:15 v/v. The Rf was found to be 0.3±0.03. Linearity was performed in a range of 50-1500 ng/spot, with regression analysis (R) of 99.91% Further, recovery analysis was done at 3 different levels as 80, 100 and 120 with an average recovery of 106.97%. The LOD/LOQ was found to be 50 and 150 ng, respectively. Precision was carried out in which % RSD was found to be precise and accurate. Conclusion: The outcomes of the present study suggested that the proposed novel formulation analyzed by Validated planar chromatographic technique (HP-TLC) for Capsaicin quantification in nanoforms may be employed as a routine quality control method for the said API in various other formulations.

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Kiran Kumar, A. B. V., Sanjeev Billa, Edugulla Girija Shankar, and M. C. S. Subha. "C, N dual-doped ZnO nanofoams: a potential antimicrobial agent, an efficient visible light photocatalyst and SXAS studies." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751901364x.

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It is crucial to develop an environmentally friendly and low-cost method to treat industrial effluent that contains soluble dyes and microbes. Most of the photocatalysts have been studied using an external light source that increases the cost of the purification process of effluent. This study focuses on developing efficient solar photocatalytic nanofoams. The controlled growth of ZnO nanofoams (CNZ nanofoams) in a simple method of thermal oxidation using a soft template is reported. Prepared nanofoams are characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electon microscopy and synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. By photocatalysis studies under direct sunlight it was found that within 120 min CNZ nanofoams degraded 99% of the dye. In addition, antimicrobial studies of multi-drug-resistant E. Fergusonii isolated from wastewater was carried out. These antimicrobial results showed a good inhibition zone, indicating that prepared nanofoams are both an effective solar photocatalyst and an antimicrobial agent.

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Zielińska-Górska, Marlena K., Ewa Sawosz, Konrad Górski, and André Chwalibog. "Does nanobiotechnology create new tools to combat microorganisms?" Nanotechnology Reviews 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2016-0042.

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AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is still a crucial global problem related to the overuse of antibiotics and natural microorganism capability for rapid horizontal evolution. Even new generations of drugs are not able to overcome bacterial defence mechanisms. A novel solution for this immense medical challenge can be nanomaterials. Researchers indicate that modern nanoforms can effectively support and perhaps in the long-term replace traditional bactericidal agents. Because of their unique physicochemical properties, nanotechnology products can exert multiple actions against bacteria, which might be efficient against even multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this review, we discuss the documented achievements and concerns associated with broad potential applications of nanoforms in the fight against microorganisms.

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Löbmann, Korbinian, Jakob Wohlert, Anette Müllertz, Lars Wågberg, and Anna J. Svagan. "Cellulose Nanopaper and Nanofoam for Patient-Tailored Drug Delivery." Advanced Materials Interfaces 4, no. 9 (February 15, 2017): 1600655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600655.

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Mahmood, Syed, Uttam Kumar Mandal, Bappaditya Chatterjee, and Muhammad Taher. "Advanced characterizations of nanoparticles for drug delivery: investigating their properties through the techniques used in their evaluations." Nanotechnology Reviews 6, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2016-0050.

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AbstractNanomedicine has achieved a huge success in delivering a wide variety of drug molecules into the target site of the body. In this respect, the characterization of nanoformulation is very important to investigate the drug molecule together with its carrier as a nanoform during formulation, storage, and in vivo transport through the body. This review article summarizes important advanced characterization techniques of nanoformulation with respect to their theories, use of required instrumental parameters, sample preparation techniques, data interpretation, etc., to exploit them for the best possible results. This review article also sheds a glimpse to the shortcomings of these techniques together with further advancements required in future.

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Avakyan, G. G., T. A. Voronina, L. N. Nerobkova, and G. N. Avakyan. "Research and development of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-oxypyridine succinate nano-form for the treatment of epilepsy." Epilepsia and paroxyzmal conditions 10, no. 4 (March 1, 2019): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333.2018.10.4.026-038.

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The aimis to develop an antiepileptic drug based on polymer nanoparticles with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-oxypyridine succinate to facilitate the drug transport through the blood-brain barrier.Materials and methods.The nano-drug was created using the biologically active substance 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate and polybutyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles. The advantages of this nano-form over the active ingredient of the same drug were studied using experimental models: the maximum electroshock test (MES), the antagonism test with corazol, models with a cobaltinduced epileptic focus and secondary generalized convulsions, and models of status epilepticus.Results.The antiseizure effects of the nanoform on the experimental models of epilepsy are identified.Conclusion.The nano-drug reduces the number of secondary generalized clonic-tonic seizures by 7.8 times; it also reduces 10-fold the animal mortality and diminishes the seizure manifestations that occur in the interictal period of the epileptic status.

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Svagan, Anna Justina, Anette Müllertz, and Korbinian Löbmann. "Floating solid cellulose nanofibre nanofoams for sustained release of the poorly soluble model drug furosemide." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 69, no. 11 (August 15, 2017): 1477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12793.

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Koreneva, E. M., N. A. Karpenko, Yu B. Laryanovskaya, I. O. Belkina, V. K. Klochkov, S. L. Yefimova, and Yu I. Karachentsev. "CORRECTION OF TESTES AGE CHANGES RATS THROUGH GADOLINIUM ORTOVANADAT IN NANOFORM." Problems of Endocrine Pathology 57, no. 3 (August 23, 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21856/j-pep.2016.3.04.

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During this period, the greatest amount of obtained nanomaterials based on transition of rare earth metals, some of which have significant biological activity. In particular, vanadium compounds have expressive insulin-mimetic action and gadolinium orthovanadate (GdVO4) in nanoform capable in aging laboratory animals inhibit the development of age-related changes, namely a gradual increase (in the physiological range) age glucose level, body weight, reduction of the nervous system reactions and increases the sperm concentration. Given the urgency of anti-aging drug development focus, found a positive effect on spermatogenesis and the lack of information on the effect of this compound on the functional state of the gonads, studied morphofunctional status and endocrine function of the testes in older (18–18.5 months) male rats in long-term (70 days) using nanoparticles (NP) based on GdVO4 dose of 0.33 mg/kg body weight. It was establish the positive effect on bass GdVO4 testicular hormonal function, as evidenced by an increase in serum testosterone (56.3 % at 60 days compared to the injection on the 20th day). It was not found gonadotoxical impact bass GdVO4, as in the seminiferous tubules of the main animals present full pool of germ cells spermatogenesis. Morphometric parameters of glands histological structure indicate the activation of spermatogenesis, which may be due to increasing activity of hormone-producing testes of animals after chronic use NPs GdVO4.

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Bannow, J., J. W. Benjamins, J. Wohlert, K. Löbmann, and A. J. Svagan. "Solid nanofoams based on cellulose nanofibers and indomethacin—the effect of processing parameters and drug content on material structure." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 526, no. 1-2 (June 2017): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.041.

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Tsekhmistrenko, О., V. Bityutskyy, S. Tsekhmistrenko, O. Melnychenko, N. Tymoshok, and M. Spivak. "Use of nanoparticles of metals and non-metals in poultry farming." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 2(150) (December 17, 2019): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2019-150-2-113-130.

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The presented analytical review summarizes the data of the world and national literature on the features of the accumulation of microelement nanoparticles in the body, their effects on metabolism, redox processes and productivity of poultry. The attention is paid to the toxicity of various forms and sources of the considered elements, their mutual influence on bioavailability, antagonism and the rate of excretion. The need to study the peculiarities of the use of nanoparticles and their efficiency in the production of livestock products is constantly increasing. Evidence of the positive application of nanoforms of elements (zinc, silver, selenium, cerium, iron) in the diets of different species of farm poultry is considered due to their metabolic, antimicrobial action, influence on digestion and regulation of bowel function. Analyzed data indicate that nanoparticles of metals and non-metals in animal husbandry are an alternative to feed antibiotics for antibacterial action, increase the productivity of animals and poultry, can activate metabolism by stimulating the activity of hormones, optimize the immune response of the organism, induce syntheses and metabolism. Nanoparticles of metals and non-metals have been found to reduce the mineral antagonism in case of contact with the intestine, which contributes to the efficiency of digestion. Changes in the prooxidant-oxidant status of the blood of animals by the use of test nanoparticles and changes in homeostasis indices that are positive for poultry due to increased productivity, intensification of egg production, their weight and fertilization rate of hatching eggs have been established. Influence of nanoparticles on redox homeostasis and processes of lipid and protein peroxidation are established. The use of nanoscale drugs for use in biology, medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture, and the need for further research to study all possible mechanisms of biological action of nanostructures are argued. Key words: trace elements, nanoparticles, poultry, feeding, silver, zinc, selenium, cerium dioxide.

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Ramos-Soriano, Javier, Mattia Ghirardello, and M. Carmen Galan. "Recent advances in multivalent carbon nanoform-based glycoconjugates." Current Medicinal Chemistry 28 (July 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867328666210714160954.

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: Multivalent carbohydrate-mediated interactions are fundamental to many biological processes, including disease mechanisms. To study these significant glycan-mediated interactions at a molecular level, carbon nanoforms such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, or graphene and their derivatives have been identified as promising biocompatible scaffolds that can mimic the multivalent presentation of biologically relevant glycans. In this minireview, we will summarize the most relevant examples of the last few years in the context of their applications.

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Mudholkar, Balaji S. "To Study the causes of Industrial Sickness in Nanded District (Maharashtra)." Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 37 (December 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v4i37.10664.

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Cancer, an uncontrollable growth of cells, is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Malignant neoplasms are difficult to treat diseases because of their single in kind characteristics such as tissue invasion, metastasis, evading reticuloendothelial system (RES) and so forth. In recent decade polymeric nanoparticulate systems has gained special attention in drug delivery and targeting among all biocompatible nanoforms. Among these systems, chitosan-based hydrogel nanoparticles have been wildly utilized for drug delivery purposes. The usage of chitosan nanogels in cancer therapy significantly improved in recent years. The various cancers were the target of chitosan nanogels. Also, modification of other delivery systems with chitosan were much reported. The aim of this study is the review and update of the recent studies on chitosan nanogels applications in cancer therapy by focus on cancer based classification.

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A., Azadi, Khazaei M., and Ashrafi H. "Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 7, no. 04 (December 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.v7i04.10650.

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Cancer, an uncontrollable growth of cells, is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Malignant neoplasms are difficult to treat diseases because of their single in kind characteristics such as tissue invasion, metastasis, evading reticuloendothelial system (RES) and so forth. In recent decade polymeric nanoparticulate systems has gained special attention in drug delivery and targeting among all biocompatible nanoforms. Among these systems, chitosan-based hydrogel nanoparticles have been wildly utilized for drug delivery purposes. The usage of chitosan nanogels in cancer therapy significantly improved in recent years. The various cancers were the target of chitosan nanogels. Also, modification of other delivery systems with chitosan were much reported. The aim of this study is the review and update of the recent studies on chitosan nanogels applications in cancer therapy by focus on cancer based classification.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Drug nanoforms'

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