Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drug related crimes'

Per comprendere la capacità delle organizzazioni criminali di resistere alle indagini da parte delle forze di polizia, alcuni studiosi hanno introdotto il concetto di resilienza nel campo della ricerca sul crimine organizzato. Il termine si riferisce alla capacità di un gruppo criminale di affrontare le pressioni esterne e riorganizzarsi. Adottando un approccio di rete e facendo riferimento a precedenti ricerche sulla resilienza dei gruppi criminali, il presente studio analizza l’evoluzione nel corso del tempo di due gruppi legati alla ‘Ndrangheta. L’obiettivo consiste nel comprendere come questi gruppi si sono adattati alla pressione da parte delle forze dell’ordine e nell’identificare i meccanismi che hanno favorito la loro evoluzione e i cambiamenti che hanno riguardato la loro struttura organizzativa. I risultati mostrano che i due gruppi criminali hanno potuto fare affidamento su diverse fonti di resilienza. La presenza di legami di natura non economica, che non sono conseguenza della loro partecipazione nei mercati illegali, ha consentito ai gruppi mafiosi di sostituire i soggetti arrestati in modo rapido ma parziale. Una minor importanza attribuita alla struttura gerarchica da parte dei gruppi mafiosi coinvolti in traffici internazionali ha invece permesso a questi gruppi di dotarsi di una organizzazione interna più flessibile.<br>To understand mafia persistence over time and address the problem of the impact of law enforcement interventions on criminal groups, some scholars have introduced the concept of resilience into organized crime research; this refers to the ability of criminal groups to deal with ongoing changes and reorganize themselves accordingly. Adopting a network approach to organized crime and drawing on previous studies on criminal network resilience, this study analyses the evolution of two ‘Ndrangheta criminal groups over around two years, seeking to understand how they adapted to the external pressure of law enforcement agencies, and to identify the mechanisms that drove their evolution and the structural changes that they experienced. The results show that the two mafia groups had several sources of resilience. The possibility to rely on non-economic ties, which are not the consequence of their participation in illegal markets, enabled the mafia groups to rapidly, though partially, replace the actors arrested. A less prominent role of the formal hierarchy of the ‘Ndrangheta in criminal networks mainly involved in drug trafficking instead gave rise to a more flexible internal configuration.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007<br>Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 15-17, 39-42, 60-63).

The lifetime prevalence of alcohol in the United States is 8% and lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use is about 2-3%. Substance use is common among adolescents and polysubstance use is becoming a public health threat. The prevalence of adolescent physical dating violence was 8.2%, the prevalence of adolescent sexual violence was also 8.2% while the prevalence of dual adolescent physical and sexual violence was 2.6%. Compared to those who used only single substances, adolescents who did not use any substance were 60% less likely (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24 – 0.74) to experience physical dating violence, 50% less likely (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.31 – 0.66) to experience sexual dating violence and 70% less likely (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16– 0.69) to have experienced both physical and sexual dating violence. The prevalence of adolescent criminal arrests was 17.2%. Adolescents who combined select illicit drugs with alcohol were 1.7 times more likely to be arrested (OR = 1.66 ,95% CI = 1.49 – 1.85). Adolescents who used both select illicit drugs and marijuana were 1.5 times (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.46 – 1.65) more likely to be arrested than those who used only select illicit drugs. Also, adolescents who used all three substances (select illicit drugs, alcohol and marijuana) were 1.6 times (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.50 – 1.75) more likely to be arrested than those who used only select illicit drugs. The prevalence of weapon-related injuries was 7.4%. Adolescents who did not use substances were 50% less likely (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.29 – 0.75, p The odds of dating violence, criminal arrests and weapon-related were higher with polysubstance use than with either mono-substance or no substance use. Therefore, prevention of substance use may be beneficial in reducing these public health concerns.

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>大陸研究所<br>90<br>Title of Thesis：A Study of Cross-Strait Crimes- Total pages：184 Taking Fighting Drug-related Crimes as an Example　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Key word：Drugs,Drug Offences ,Organized Crime,Transnational Crime,Decriminalization,Predictive Study of Crime, Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters. Name of Institute：Graduate Institute of China Study；Tamkung University Graduate date：June 2002 Degree conferred：Ｍaster Ｄegree Name of student：Chang, Chung-Lung Advisor：Dr. Chang, Wu-Yen　 張 忠 龍 張 五 岳 博士 Abstract： Crime is an immanent phenomenon, to some degree, it is normal but inevitable one in holistic social activities. The ROC government gradually opens her Mainland policy since 1987, civilian exchange between Taiwan Straits hence has grown extensively and rapidly. Taking advantages of geography, language and culture, China investment has been promoted by enthusiastic Taiwanese businessmen. The booming mutual exchange between Straits certainly has lifted bilateral understanding of education, trade, agriculture and technology; however, it also arouses some traditional crimes such as illegal weapons, drugs, organized crimes, smuggling and some new style crimes. This kind of environment provides a warm bed for organized crimes and causes it a worsening development between Taiwan Straits. The complex situation adding by mutual population flow definitely has deepest impact on our country’s national security, social security, economic development, public health, government financial, etc. Due to the delicate political situation of Taiwan Straits, the international society or political entities on both sides usually focus their attention on the issue of reunion rather on the transnational crimes that possibly would hinder the stability of international community. This paper thus primarily studies on drug-related crimes across Taiwan Straits and try to demonstrate some important issues such as the joint efforts coordinated by both sides of Straits to fight on illegal drugs. This paper also forecasts the possible trends of drug-related crimes when three links of Taiwan Straits build in the future and proposes counter measures and strategies on them. The lack of agreement of fighting on transnational crimes between Taiwan Straits accompanying by the legal and social differences of both sides create a perfect environment for illegal activities. Following by the deepening exchange, speedily change of crime models and the renovating ways of crimes, the drug-related crimes really pose a greater threat on Taiwan’s social security. The political entities of both sides have separately admitted to join World Trade Organization this year. The amount of crime case naturally will increase for the adding frequency of mutual exchange. The purpose of this paper therefore studies on more effective measures to prevent new style drug-related crimes from booming exchange in the future. The present cross-strait crime situation has significant structural changes followed by extensively and deeply mutual exchange. The causes of transnational crimes could not be completely and effectively resolved unless the crimes could be managed through negotiation and coordination mechanism under both governments. Taiwan People’s freedom of drug-related crimes can not be well protected if only relies on Taiwan’s unilateral legal norms and crime-prevention management. The five objectives for this study are as follows: Firstly, studying on the possible impact on drug-related crimes’ development across Taiwan Straits which was caused by the natural difference of legal and social environment of both countries. Secondly, studying on the changing models of drug-related crimes after both political entities’ accessions to the WTO and try to analyze on what aspects of influence the changing crime model will put on our country’s social security. Thirdly, studying on how to adopt an effectively preventive mechanism facing new style drug-related crimes after the implementation of three-links of Taiwan Straits in the future. Fourthly, studying on how the both governments between Straits could work cooperatively to crack down transnational drug-related crimes. Fifthly, proposing constructive suggestions to promote cooperation mechanism of both governments that are reflecting the particular importance of collective efforts on fighting drug-related crimes. This paper focuses on problems of drug-related crimes across Taiwan Straits and forecasts the possible changes after three links build in the future. Also, this paper provides constructive suggestions to relative issues with drug-related crimes. It is consist of six chapters: The first chapter named “Introduction” gives an overall introduction to the research motive, research parameter, structural flow, research methods and the limitations to the research. In this chapter, it presents a literature review on drug-related crimes in recent years and defines the relative terms with regard to this topic. In Chapter two, it introduces the definition of drug-related crimes and the types of drugs. Meanwhile, it reviews the institutional theories of drug-related crimes’ attributions and investigation procedures. It also explores the punishableness of drug-related crimes. In order to find out the trafficking ways of illegal drugs, organizations in charge of trafficking and entering routes for drugs smuggling from Mainland to Taiwan, this chapter makes a comparison on trends of drug-related crimes and further explores their inherent natures of crimes and causes for the drugs abuse. In Chapter three, it tries to do a comparison and analysis on the trends of current drug-related crimes across Taiwan Straits. It is analyzed by experimental approaches and studies on the level of operational ability and effectiveness by comparing prevention strategies on drug-related crimes of both governments. In Chapter four, it forecasts the possible trends, problems and challenges of drug-related crimes across Taiwan Straits after the future three links and based on the environmental factors of drug abuse and social and political-economic factors of drug-related crimes. The reference of this chapter could be applied to construct the joint prevention mechanism on drug-related crimes across Taiwan Straits. In Chapter five, it inducts all research conclusions from above chapters to form final conclusions and suggestions. These suggestions are believed to provide excellent references to draft the counter measures on drug-related crimes and revise current approaches at practice level. Chapter six, Final Conclusions.

碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>科技法律研究所<br>97<br>In recent years, news reports to do with the drug usage of celebrities and students on campus and the manufacturing of drugs in factories have flooded the media. This worrying state of affairs may put the health of the general public at risk. The actions taken against drug users in Taiwan are observation and rehabilitation as according to criminal codes; as for manufacturers and dealers, a more aggressive method is used to put a stop to their actions. On February 8th, 2002, the first article of the Code of Criminal Procedure was amended to state that district attorneys have the responsibility to report and provide evidence pertaining to the criminal acts of the defense. To wit, the district attorney has the responsibility of providing proof and evidence against the accused. Thus, if the evidence at hand is not enough to prove active criminal offense, or if it is not enough for a conviction to be made, then the accused would be proclaimed innocent of all charges. Present court proceedings of drug-related crimes are mostly focused on drug dealings, such as the number of transactions, drug types, and the monetary exchanges made. Hence, if the accused were to not be forthcoming with information, this could prove to be an investigative loophole. Most charged with drug-related accusations would then depend on the inconsistencies of statements to shift the focus of allegations. During interrogations from district attorneys or judicial police officers regarding the details of how deals are made, “confession of drug dealership by the accused is not evidence of guilt in and of itself”; “transcriptions of telephone conversations as the main evidence of a drug deal in process is not enough to cause reasonable doubt”; “statements do not confirm the number or existence of multiple dealings”; “hearsay is not evidence that the accused has exchanged drugs for other material goods”; and “seizure of bags, syringes and tubes is not proof of the amount of drugs in convenient possession and is not of absolute relevance to the sale or usage of drugs…without other evidence to claim otherwise” are all examples of the relation of evidence to criminal facts. Once in court, all evidence and statements must be questioned and investigated according to judiciary proceedings. This paper explores the investigation procedures related to evidence and the rulings made by judges of public prosecutions through theory and research into investigations as well as the use of high-tech equipment to aid evidence collection and interrogation techniques. In addition, ways to aid investigations in drug-related crimes (usage, selling, transference, transporting and manufacturing of) and proceedings to stop drugs from circulating are also discussed so that investigations may become even more refined and provide better evidence to back up the facts of criminal acts in courts of law to enforce the rights of corporal punishment.

博士<br>中國文化大學<br>中山與中國大陸研究所博士班<br>103<br>In the wake of rapid changes brought about by globalization, the international community has grown increasingly more interdependent, and the risks globalization poses to the very fabric of society can no longer be avoided. This in turn has caused the hostile or amicable nature of relations between countries to become less clear-cut and has affected issues of national security, bringing about a shift from the traditional past focus on the government and the military as the mainstays of national security to the development of a broadly non-traditional thinking about security. The problem of illegal drugs is especially pressing: it includes the increasingly more pronounced internationalization of production, trafficking, and sales of illegal drugs that has already caused such harm to individuals and families, and also brought with it all manner of crimes, eroded the stability and safety of society, and damaged the integrity of national security. Moreover, the problem of illegal drugs has become a threat to the environment and to the survival of humanity, while the complexity and difficulty of resolving trans-border and globalized issues is such that they are clearly beyond the power of one country or one effort to resolve. They urgently require the cooperation of other nations and the establishment of effective governmental mechanisms to contain the proliferation of drug-related crime. The societies and peoples on both sides of the Taiwan Straits both suffer from the impact of drug-related crime, which has caused immeasurable harm to public safety and private property. The questions of how, under the terms of existing agreements, both sides are to set aside their subjective disputes, remove ideological barriers, and lay the foundations for mutual trust and cooperation to enable Cross-Strait action against drug-related crime, what form this task should take, and what governmental mechanisms are needed so that obstacles to its foundation can be overcome and a policy of benefit to both sides of the Straits can be enacted, are issues that those currently working together to take action against Cross-Strait drug-related crime must urgently face. The present paper investigates the harm caused by drug-related crime to the international community and to both sides of the Taiwan Straits under the effects of the trend toward globalization. It seeks to combine the governmental framework of the three major international agreements on the prevention of drug-related crime with theories of governance, theories of trust, and theories of confidence-building measures, in order to draw comparisons between Taiwan and Mainland China in terms of their respective policies, laws, and current realities of drug prevention. It takes as a basis for its investigations the extent to which these policies, laws, and current realities are in accord with those of other nations and with the previously signed Cross-Strait Joint Crime-Fighting and Judicial Mutual Assistance Agreement, and proposes a viable method for combating drug-related crime based on cooperation and mutual trust. The major sections of this paper are as follows: Chapter 1 serves as an introduction, detailing the motivations, purpose, outline and limitations of the present study, as well as defining key terms; Chapter 2 serves as a review and discussion of the relevant literature and theory; Chapter 3 explores the harm caused by the global proliferation of illegal drugs, the conditions of their distribution and trafficking, and the policies, agreements, and laws of the international community on the problem of the prevention of drug-related crime; Chapter 4 discusses the policies, laws, and current realities of preventing drug-related crime on the two sides of the Taiwan Straits; Chapter 5 investigates the basis for and development of cooperation on fighting crime between Taiwan and Mainland China; Chapter 6 takes as a case study the measures for Cross-Strait cooperation on fighting drug-related crime implemented by Taiwan’s Ministry of Justice’s Investigation Bureau; Chapter 7 serves as a conclusion, and gives the results of the study regarding the development of Cross-Strait cooperation in combating drug-related crime as well as suggestions for future action and research, in the hope of providing competent authorities with a reference to use in deciding on future policies. The global proliferation of illegal drugs has increased the urgent need for members of the international community to strengthen their cooperative relationships for the prevention of drug-related crime. Taiwan and Mainland China cannot be exceptions, and the foundation of mutual trust plays an important role in containing the crime rate on both sides of the Taiwan Straits. The establishment of such a foundation does not have a fixed schedule, nor is it under the restrictions of a bottom line. The stronger and more stable their mutual trust is, the greater the faith both sides of the Taiwan Straits can rightly have in resolving their political issues through peaceful development. Mutual trust will also enable both sides to unhurriedly and confidently face internal challenges, which is another key benefit of cooperating and working together to combat drug-related crime; the signatories to the Cross-Strait Joint Crime-Fighting and Judicial Mutual Assistance Agreement have already opened the door for cooperation in the fight against drug-related crime and the provision of judicial mutual assistance. And although there still remain several factors militating against the implementation of the agreement, by resolving them through carefully controlled negotiations and through the concerted efforts of those Cross-Strait organizations that can cooperate for mutual benefit, in addition to the exchange of personnel and the holding of talks between both sides, we can advance a mutual agreement between personnel and organizations of the value of the War on Drugs and use this common vision to bridge the divide between both sides—through the use of all of these means of communication. We can also increase the exchange of information about drug-related crime, cooperation on investigating (prosecuting) cases, and the efficiency and accuracy of the effort to combat drug-related crime, using a gradual approach to increasing the practices characteristic of mutually trusting relationships. In this way, we provide a method for both sides of the Taiwan Straits to overcome their political differences, and gain the important experience of establishing a politics based on mutual trust. Through this mutual trust, both sides can also create mutual benefits and a new era of peace, preserving the conditions for Taiwan and Mainland China to continue working together and ensuring the rights and interests for the people on both sides of the Straits. In this way, a win-win situation for the governments and the private sectors on both sides of the Straits will be created, satisfying the aspirations of their people.

碩士<br>南臺科技大學<br>財經法律研究所<br>107<br>The prevention of juvenile crimes has long been the focus of every country around the world. However, with the changes of social and economic environment as well as the decreasing birth rate, teenagers develop misconducts due to different parenting style or difficulties of adapting to school environment. When teenagers keep bad companions, it is more likely for them to commit a crime and even be recruited in the gangs and engaged in illegal activities. According to statistics of the police authority, the most common juvenile crimes in the last 10 years are larceny, injury, sexual assaults, drugs, public safety and fraud. The number of larceny, injury, sexual assaults, and public safety is decreasing year by year, while the number of drugs and fraud is going up. Once teenagers get involved in drugs, it is hard to get rid of them. Meanwhile, drug crimes often come along with other crimes. Besides, the number of juvenile fraud cases has been going up dramatically recently, since scam gangs recruit teens without thoughtfulness by telling stories like “easy money" and “light punishment.” Therefore, it is an urgent task for teen prevention practitioners to prevent teens from drugs and frauds. Literatures of juvenile drug-related crimes and fraud in the last 10 years are collected and analyzed in this study to understand the real situation. The researcher also conducted research interviews with practitioners for their opinions in order to raise suggestions for the policy on juvenile drug-related crimes and fraud for central and local governments and the authority concerned. Juvenile crime is a complicated issue in the society involving many areas. To solve the problem, a variety of resources are needed. Newly revised Juvenile Delinquency Act dated on May 31st, 2019 establishes the policy that “Diversion First and Judiciary as the Last Resort.” The integration of educational, social affair, judicial and public health system for shared resources and cooperation will be the determining factor for successful prevention work and issues stemming from the family, manifesting in the school and doing harm to the society could thus be stopped.

Drug Related Crimes Thesis - Natálie Váchová - abstract Drug trade spreads throughout every country in the world and thus constitutes one of our society's global problems. As a result, countries try to fight the trade and usage of drugs on the national as well as international levels. Drugs affect various aspects of drug addicts' life - whether this be their health or their social and financial well-being. There are also many crimes that are connected to drugs - illicit production, distribution or possession of drugs (the so called "drug-related crimes"), crimes committed in order to raise funds for the purchase of drugs (i.e. criminal act of theft) or crimes committed under the influence of drugs. The topic of crimes related to substance abuse is very diverse, which is why this thesis will only be focused on the so called "drug-related crimes". The main aim of this thesis is to define "drug-related crimes" in more detail, closely analyse the different interpretations of the term "quantity larger than small" in the case of narcotic and psychotropic substances invoked over time and finally to compare the Czech regulation with the German one. The First Chapter introduces the reader to the issues surrounding drugs by describing the history of usage of drugs and the process of national and international...

The methodology for investigation of drug-related crime is the topic of this thesis. There are a few reasons why I have chosen this topic. The issue of drugs, drug-related crime, drug addiction and also illegal drug traffic has become recently the worldwide problem which intervenes into many areas of human life and therefore we must constantly pay attention to it. Especially this fact, together with other reasons as my personal connection with drug issue (few-year-long involvement in the program focused on the primary prevention from drugs at secondary schools) made me to choose this topic. My thesis is divided into 6 parts. In the first two chapters I define the general notions related to the drug issue and I provide with the division of drugs into groups under chosen criteria. For the better orientation in this issue I have listed the most common types of drugs with the description of their effect on the organism of humans. In the third part of my thesis I focus on the criminal prosecution of drug offences and the historical development of the legal regulation of this issue. More deeply I analyze the Act No. 140/1961 Coll., the Criminal Act, as amended and the actual legal regulation governing the prosecution of drug offences, the Act No. 40/20096 Coll., the Criminal Code, as amended. The forth...

A multidimensional approach, using individual, social structural and process and system theories, is applied to examine the role of drugs in child abuse within the dysfunctional family system. By means of a saturation sample seventeen files were selected from Phoenix House and the South African National Council For Drug and Alcohol Abuse. A research schedule was developed and an analysis of the seventeen cases was done. The drug dependent parent is discussed and abuse in the family system are identified. Throughout, the influence of (the) parental drug dependency is illustrated and it is shown how dependency in a parent may influence family functioning and parenting skills. A literature study brought to light aspects in families which contribute to child abuse. Recommendations are made for further research on aspects highlighted by the findings.<br>Criminology and Security Science<br>M.A. (Criminology)

This thesis deals with selected issues of criminological aspects of primary drug-related crime conducted in the Czech Republic, focusing mainly on the criminal offence of unauthorised production and other disposal with narcotic and psychotropic substances and poisons under section 283 of the Czech Criminal Code. The theoretical part of the thesis describes drug- related crime in general, it also discusses the Czech legislation regarding drug-related criminal offences in the Criminal Code, and it also focuses on theoretical approaches regarding the sentencing of drug-related crime. The empirical part features a quantitative analysis of a selected representative sample of 300 Czech court decisions enunciated in 2015 and 2016. This analysis addresses the trends of conducting drug-related crime and the sentences imposed by Czech courts. Attention is given to the differences in sentencing perpetrators disposing with different drugs, particularly cannabis and methamphetamine, and perpetrators conducting different prohibited activities related to the drugs (such as producing, retailing, etc). The analysis also focuses on using the institutes of imposing protective measures and adequate restrictions or duties.

95 Summary - Crime Related to Substance Abuse This diploma thesis deals with the phenomena of drugs from the criminal law point of view. This topic represents a danger for a lot of domains, eg. criminality, therefore it is necessary to pay appropriate attention to it. The first chapter is introductory and it defines the basic terminology concerning drug problem. The next chapter looks at the drugs in international dimension. It focuses on international treaties handling narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, which affected legislation in the Czech republic, especially by those adopted in the United Nations. I briefly mention overall situation in the Czech republic after 1989. The third chapter describes the evolution of legislation from the time of Austro- Hungarian empire until the times of new criminal code. The principal part of my diploma thesis concerns primary and secondary aspects of drug-related crime. The fourth chapter is a detailed analysis of drug crimes according to criminal code Nř 40/2009 Coll. Analysis of the individual merits follows after defining common features of these crimes. This chapter also reflects the Constitutional court decision. This decision cancels part of criminal code that enabled government to determine in its regulation the quantity of the drug which is to be treated...

Criminological Aspects of Drug-Related Crime ABSTRACT The thesis deals with the topic of criminological aspects of drug-related crime. Considering the breadth of the issue, it focuses only on the so-called primary drug-related crime, i.e. criminal activity consisting of violation of laws and regulations on the handling of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The aim of the thesis is particularly to describe the situation and development of the primary drug-related crime in the territory of the Czech Republic and to summarize possible development trends in the following years, as well as to map the development of national and international legislation and assess its possible effects on the drug problem. Finally, based on empirical research, the thesis aims to characterize drug-related crime committed on the territory of the capital city of Prague for which the perpetrators were finally convicted in 2017. The first chapter of the thesis defines the terms relevant to the topic, especially with respect to applicable legislation. The second chapter outlines the development of the issues of drug abuse and distribution in the territory of the Czech Republic and the corresponding evolution of legislation, while the third chapter is dedicated to the current, particularly criminal legislation on the handling...

Basis: Statistical data of the Police of the Czech Republic show that secondary drug crime is widespread among abusers of addictive substances in the entire Czech Republic. The crime is mainly due to the need for financial resources for buying the addictive substance. As a result, every addictive substance abuser is perceived as a potential perpetrator of a crime. Aim: The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out the incidence of secondary drug criminality in the clients of the contact center DRUG - OUT Klub, z. s. in Ústí nad Labem, and to study the effect of selected influential demographic factors (gender, age, type of addictive substance, duration of addictive substance abuse). Methods and Research Sample: The research was conducted in the drug addiction treatment center DRUG - OUT Klub, s. z. in Ústí nad Labem using a questionnaire. The research respondents were problem abusers of opioids and stimulants. The research sample was selected with help of the institution. Every client of the contact center, who was a problem opioid or stimulant abuser, was over 18 years old, and agreed to be part of the research could participate. The research sample consisted of 362 problem abusers of opioids and stimulants. Among those were 201 men (60 opioid abusers, 141 stimulant abusers) and 161 women (55...

Criminological aspects of drug-related crime Abstract This master`s thesis deals with a number of criminological aspects and issues related to drug-related criminality, in particular with legislation that takes into account the specific impact of selected drugs. In this context the thesis analyzes the drugs` impact on secondary drug-related crime, the death rate and health of their users and additional negative social and economic consequences related to such drugs. Following the evaluation of these harmful effects the thesis proposes potential changes to policy on such drugs and compares it to policies of foreign countries on individual drugs. These changes consist of various proposals including the decriminalization or legalization of certain means of handling of individual drugs. The thesis also examines national legislation currently in force related to selected individual drugs. Its conclusions are reached through a variety of researches and statistical data. The thesis consists of eight chapters which are preceded by a brief introduction to the selected topic. The first chapter lays out basic terminology used in this thesis. The second chapter deals with historical cases of drug policies such as the Chinese policy on opium in 19th and 20th century or the prohibition in the United States between 1920...

碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>科技法律研究所<br>99<br>Taiwan and Mainland China have two different political authorities; however, there are many problems about drugs in their own societies because of the political and geographic isolation among cross-Straits for a long time. The mutual communication started by people of cross-Straits with comprehensive economic activities so as to drugs in the last twenty years. The both official sides do not have any communication for the dispute about political authority, however, the civil activities still flourish including drugs, and two sides have their own way to anti-drugs in vain, respectively. Finally, cross-straits became political conciliation that made an agreement about mutual anti-crime with both sides at April 4 2009. The agreement made the governmental officials among cross-Straits effectively anti-crime for the people. The article discuss the effective in the different stages from respective management and mutual cooperation by anti-drugs.

This study was designed to understand the meaning of the lived experiences of incarcerated male juveniles who had committed drug-related crimes and to suggest guidelines for their rehabilitation with specific reference to their health care needs. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher used Parse’s (1998) Theory of Human Becoming as a theoretical framework for the study and Parse’s (1998, 2005) phenomenological-hermeneutic research method. This study was restricted to three juvenile correctional centres in the Gauteng province, Republic of South Africa (RSA). A sample of 15 male juveniles (5 at each of the three juvenile correctional centres) was used for the purpose of individual dialogical engagements with the participants. Focus group interview sessions were held with two groups (5 members per group) at two identified juvenile correctional centres. A qualitative content analysis according to methods recommended by Graneheim and Lundman (2004) was performed on the data that was collected from the individual dialogical-engagements and the focus group interviews. The researcher attempted to elucidate the meanings that the participants attached to their experiences of incarceration as narrated by them and analysed the data according to Parse’s (1998; 2005) phenomenological-hermeneutic method comprising of extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The findings of this research confirm that problems of drug abuse and criminal activity represent a multifaceted, complex and often intractable phenomenon. The research also confirmed that the participants suffer from a variety of emotional and psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, fear, guilt, remorse, regret and a craving for the drugs that they had abused before their incarceration. It appears that the participants find it extremely difficult to deal effectively with these disorders on their own and that they are generally averse to asking for professional help and assistance. Interventions to alleviate these problems are crucial for the success of the current rehabilitation programmes being pursued in the correctional centres where the participants are accommodated.<br>Health Studies<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>戰略暨國際事務研究所<br>102<br>Accompanying with advanced technologies, efficient traffic, and globalization, drug-related crimes are not only the severe challenges in Taiwan, but also a global crisis. The consequences of drug-related crimes are not local problems. Cross border crimes have been the difficulties required to be solved for countries all over the world. Being the important strategic location in the pacific front islands chain, Taiwan’s proximal neighbors include Japan, Korea and Russia in north and western border is adjacent to China. In south, Taiwan near to the countries of ASEAN and eastern link is the prosperous US market across the Pacific Ocean. However, the geographical advantages exacerbate the cross border drug-related crimes. The derived impacts on social and national security are required to be seriously concerned. In tradition, the issues of national security were approached by military affairs. Along with the end of the cold war and the breakdown of enemy status between USSR and USA, the conception of security has been expanded toward non-military affaires including environment, races, economy, epidemic diseases, drugs and terrorism. In addition to the negative impacts on social security, drug-related transaction has further seriously threatened national security. Since the tension-released relationship across the Straight, active transaction with mainland China is helpful for Taiwan’s economic development. However, cross border crimes are also accompanied and the threatened effects on national security are obvious. In this study, we summarized Taiwan’s national security policies and analyzed the status of global drug-related transaction as well as domestic drug distribution. The impacts and threatens on Taiwan’s economy, social society, and national security were then elucidated. Furthermore, by comparing drug-preventive policies between Taiwan and mainland China, strategies prohibiting the expansion of drug-related transaction were suggested. Ultimately we wish the proposed strategies will be effective to minimize the drug-derived threatens on national security.

This study was designed to understand the meaning of the lived experiences of incarcerated male juveniles who had committed drug-related crimes and to suggest guidelines for their rehabilitation with specific reference to their health care needs. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher used Parse’s (1998) Theory of Human Becoming as a theoretical framework for the study and Parse’s (1998, 2005) phenomenological-hermeneutic research method. This study was restricted to three juvenile correctional centres in the Gauteng province, Republic of South Africa (RSA). A sample of 15 male juveniles (5 at each of the three juvenile correctional centres) was used for the purpose of individual dialogical engagements with the participants. Focus group interview sessions were held with two groups (5 members per group) at two identified juvenile correctional centres. A qualitative content analysis according to methods recommended by Graneheim and Lundman (2004) was performed on the data that was collected from the individual dialogical-engagements and the focus group interviews. The researcher attempted to elucidate the meanings that the participants attached to their experiences of incarceration as narrated by them and analysed the data according to Parse’s (1998; 2005) phenomenological-hermeneutic method comprising of extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The findings of this research confirm that problems of drug abuse and criminal activity represent a multifaceted, complex and often intractable phenomenon. The research also confirmed that the participants suffer from a variety of emotional and psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, fear, guilt, remorse, regret and a craving for the drugs that they had abused before their incarceration. It appears that the participants find it extremely difficult to deal effectively with these disorders on their own and that they are generally averse to asking for professional help and assistance. Interventions to alleviate these problems are crucial for the success of the current rehabilitation programmes being pursued in the correctional centres where the participants are accommodated.<br>Health Studies<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Introduction 1. The drug, an addictive substance, drug addiction and certain further relevant terms 2. Overview of the classification, evolution, characterization and effects of particular illegal drugs 3. Drug scene in the Czech Republic in and the drug phenomenon in the European context 4. Drug-related crime in the light of the offender 5. The legal regulation related to substance abuse 6. Prevention and the drug policy in the Czech Republic Conclusion Abbreviation list Used literature list Appendix list Appendix Summary