Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drug violence

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Drug violence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Drug violence"

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van Amsterdam, Jan G. C., Johannes G. Ramaekers, Robbert-Jan Verkes, Kim P. C. Kuypers, Anna E. Goudriaan, and Wim van den Brink. "Alcohol- and drug-related public violence in Europe." European Journal of Criminology 17, no. 6 (February 21, 2019): 806–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370819828324.

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This study summarizes the literature about alcohol- and drug-related public violence in Europe. The proportion of all public violent incidents linked to alcohol was about 50 percent in the UK and ranged from 26 percent to 43 percent in Germany, Austria and the Netherlands. Public violence related to drugs is much lower (1.5–18.0 percent). Relatively many public violent incidents occur in relation to nightlife (80 percent of alcohol-related incidents). Though a considerable proportion of public violence was alcohol or drug related, the actual use of such substances was rarely ascertained in perpetrators’ specimens. Such analysis is a prerequisite to heavier penalize alcohol- or drug-intoxicated perpetrators of public violence. More capacity should be deployed to measure alcohol and drugs in the specimens of violent perpetrators by analytical-chemical tests. As a result, more accurate estimates of substance-related public violence are obtained, which will serve policy makers and police enforcement officials to take measures for securing a safer public environment and sustainable nightlife industry in the future.
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Thomson, Nicholas D. "An Exploratory Study of Female Psychopathy and Drug-Related Violent Crime." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 3-4 (February 3, 2017): 794–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517690876.

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There is a clear link between drugs and violence, and the extensive burden drug-related violence inflicts on society. However, drug-related violence is largely understudied, especially in female populations. The aim of the present study was to explore whether women convicted of drug-related violent crime differed on individual-level risk factors from women convicted of a nondrug-related violent crime and women convicted of nonviolent crimes. One hundred and twenty-five female inmates were classified using official criminal records. Multinomial logistic regression indicated inmates higher in antisocial psychopathic traits and low level of educational attainment were more likely to be in the drug-related violent crime group. In comparison, inmates higher in callous psychopathic traits were more likely to be in the nondrug-related violent crime group. Using official records of prison misconduct, a secondary aim tested whether prison violence increased the likelihood of being in either of the violent crime groups. Results show inmates who had committed violent misconducts over a 6-month period were more likely to be the nondrug-related violent crime group. Prison violence did not differentiate inmates in the nonviolent crime group from the drug-related violent crime group. These findings are the first to explore the relation between psychopathy and drug-related violent crime, and drug-related violent crime predicting future violent behavior in female criminals. This study demonstrates the heterogeneity in female violent behavior. Furthermore, psychopathy is not only shown to be an important risk factor for violence in women but also highlights that the dimensional construct is essential for understanding context-dependent violence.
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Osorio, Javier. "The Contagion of Drug Violence." Journal of Conflict Resolution 59, no. 8 (June 9, 2015): 1403–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715587048.

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Why are some territories ravaged by intense levels of criminal violence while others are relatively peaceful? This research contributes to an understanding of the escalation and diffusion of drug violence in Mexico from 2000 to 2010 by formalizing the interactions between the state and organized criminals and by relying on a large database of event data containing more than 1.6 million observations. Results based on spatial econometrics provide evidence of the spatial diffusion of violence. In congruence with the theoretical expectations, the results show that the disruptive effect of law enforcement is an important catalyst for the intensification of violence between criminal organizations, especially when deployed in areas hosting a high concentration of criminal groups. This relationship holds for a broad menu of violent and nonviolent law enforcement tactics. The analysis also reveals that other broadly held factors (international, geographic, and socioeconomic characteristics) have a modest effect on the dynamics of drug-related violence.
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Duke, Michael, Wei Teng, Janie Simmons, and Merrill Singer. "Structural and Interpersonal Violence Among Puerto Rican Drug Users." Practicing Anthropology 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.25.3.g433q763862ql85h.

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The lives of Puerto Rican street drug users living on the US mainland are structured by addiction and violence. For some, drugs act as a palliative against the trauma of being exposed to extreme physical or emotional harm. For others, the effects of structural oppression, coupled with the cruel logic of addiction, situates violence just below the surface of lived experience (Singer 1996). This paper will explore the relationship between exposure to violence and drug using behaviors, as well as the degree to which violence becomes a byproduct of those behaviors. Drawing from life history interviews and survey data of drug users in Hartford, Connecticut, we will discuss the ways in which addiction, violent upbringings, and the ruthlessness of narco-capitalism-each operating within the context of Puerto Ricans' status as a colonized people vis a vis the USA-create an atmosphere in which violence becomes a near inevitable part of everyday life. We will also briefly address the complex ethical issues involved in studying violence.
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Eikelenboom-Schieveld, Selma J. M., and James C. Fogleman. "Psychoactive Medication, Violence, and Variant Alleles for Cytochrome P450 Genes." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11050426.

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From the start of the use of psychoactive prescription medications in the 1950s, physicians reported paradoxical adverse reactions, ranging from newly developing depressions to an increase in existing mood disorders, and extremely violent and bizarre acts of suicide and homicide. It is hypothesized that interactions between the drugs and the enzymes that are primarily responsible for their metabolism (cytochrome P450s) could cause these reactions. In this research, we evaluate statistical associations between CYP450 variant alleles, psychoactive medication, and acts of violence. Fifty-five persons who showed violent behavior or an altered emotional state were investigated for prescribed medication. Fifty-eight volunteers with no history of violence served as the controls. Genetic testing was performed on CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Statistical analysis was applied to gender, age, number of variant alleles, number and kind of medications, and potential drug–drug, drug–gene, and drug–drug–gene interactions. Four risk factors for developing an altered emotional state and/or acts of violence were identified. There is an association between prescription drugs (most notably antidepressants and other psychoactive medication), having variant alleles for CYP450 genes, and altered emotional states or acts of violence.
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Jacques, Scott, and Andrea Allen. "Drug Market Violence." Criminal Justice Review 40, no. 1 (October 7, 2014): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016814553266.

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CASTILLO, JUAN CAMILO, and DOROTHY KRONICK. "The Logic of Violence in Drug War." American Political Science Review 114, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 874–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055420000246.

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Drug traffickers sometimes share profits peacefully. Other times they fight. We propose a model to investigate this variation, focusing on the role of the state. Seizing illegal goods can paradoxically increase traffickers’ profits, and higher profits fuel violence. Killing kingpins makes crime bosses short-sighted, also fueling conflict. Only by targeting the most violent traffickers can the state reduce violence without increasing supply. These results help explain empirical patterns of violence in drug war, which is less studied than are interstate or civil war but often as deadly.
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Anderson, Peter D., and Gyula Bokor. "Forensic Aspects of Drug-Induced Violence." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 1 (January 3, 2012): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011431150.

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Violence is unfortunately a part of society. The causes of violence are not completely understood, but it involves sociological, genetic, financial, biological, and environmental factors. Drugs can cause aggression by altering the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and serotonin. Specific drugs associated with aggression include alcohol, anabolic steroids, cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives, opiates, and hallucinogens. Aggression can be categorized into impulsive and predatory aggression. Drugs under certain conditions cause impulsive aggression. Sometimes a defense in criminal cases is that the drug caused the violence, that is drug-induced insanity. A case of insanity is more likely to be accepted if the event was unplanned and had no apparent motive. An acceptance of insanity by voluntary intoxication is rarely accepted by the criminal justice system. A more common legal strategy is to seek diminished capacity which aims to obtain a reduction in the severity of the criminal charges. We will discuss some, but not all of the pharmacological and physiological issues relating to drug-induced violence. Then some of the “big picture” forensic issues will be presented. Our goal is to present a primer on the pharmacological and forensic issues relating to drug-induced violence. No attempt was made to provide a comprehensive review of all the literature related to drug-induced violence.
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Sommers, Ira, and Deborah R. Baskin. "Situational or Generalized Violence in Drug Dealing Networks." Journal of Drug Issues 27, no. 4 (October 1997): 833–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269702700411.

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It has been contended that women's participation in drug markets has had a tremendous impact on female involvement in nondrug crimes, especially such violent offenses as robbery and assault. Systemic violence in drug selling, however, may be spuriously related to other etiological factors in violence and crime commission, rather than a function of social processes unique to drug selling. Violence within and apart from the context of drug dealing is compared for women involved in various types of drug distribution activities. Life history interviews were conducted with 156 female drug sellers from two New York City neighborhoods. The findings suggest that violence among drug sellers, including females, appears to reflect the concurrence of two processes: the self-selection of people who routinely use violence in their broader social and economic interactions, and the neighborhood itself, in which violence is taught, practiced, and maintained as a way of negotiating the social realities of street and domestic life.
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Shirk, David, and Joel Wallman. "Understanding Mexico’s Drug Violence." Journal of Conflict Resolution 59, no. 8 (May 24, 2015): 1348–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715587049.

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A dramatic increase in criminal violence in Mexico since 2007 has resulted in an estimated 60,000–70,000 “additional” homicides, often of an especially brutal form, related to drug trafficking and other organized-crime activities. This violence has been accompanied by a steep increase in rates of kidnapping and extortion and has targeted participants in the narcotics trade as well as government officials, journalists, and civil society activists. Despite the magnitude of the violence and enormous public concern about it, scholarly literature on this topic has been scant. This issue offers some of the most promising analyses conducted thus far on the trends in violence and their causes, focusing largely, though not exclusively, on the role Mexico’s government has played in the business of illegal drugs and the violence that accompanies it. In this introduction, we discuss the challenge of deriving reliable statistics on drug-related violence, its spatial and temporal patterns, prevailing explanations, its relationship to organized crime in general, and differences between this violence and substate political violence.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drug violence"

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Osorio, Javier. "Hobbes on drugs| Understanding drug violence in Mexico." Thesis, University of Notre Dame, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3738644.

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This dissertation analyzes the unprecedented eruption of organized criminal violence in Mexico. To understand the dynamics of drug violence, this dissertation addresses three questions. What explains the onset of the war on drugs in Mexico? Once the conflict starts, why does drug violence escalate so rapidly? And lastly, why is there subnational variation in the concentration of violence?

Based on a game theoretic model, the central argument indicates that democratization erodes the peaceful configurations between the state and criminal organizations and motivates authorities to fight crime, thus triggering a wave of violence between the state and organized criminals and among rival criminal groups fighting to control strategic territories. In this account, state action is not neutral: law enforcement against a criminal group generates the opportunity for a rival criminal organization to invade its territory, thus leading to violent interactions among rival criminal groups. These dynamics of violence tend to concentrate in territories favorable for the reception, production and distribution of drugs. In this way, the disrupting effect of law enforcement unleashes a massive wave of violence of all-against-all resembling a Hobbesian state of war.

To test the observable implications of the theory, the empirical assessment relies on a novel database of geo-referenced daily event data at municipal level providing detailed information on who did what to whom, when and where in the Mexican war on drugs. This database covers all municipalities of the country between 2000 and 2010, thus comprising about 9.8 million observations. The creation of this fine-grained database required the development of Eventus ID, a novel software for automated coding of event data from text in Spanish. The statistical assessment relies on quasi-experimental identification strategies and time-series analysis to overcome problems of causal inference associated with analyzing the distinct - yet overlapping - processes of violence between government authorities and organized criminals and among rival criminal groups. In addition, the statistical analysis is complemented with insights from fieldwork and historical process tracing. Results provide strong support for the empirical implications derived from the theoretical model.

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Marsh, Brendan. "Violent capital : the logic of violence in Dublin's illegal drug trade." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727644.

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Violence is widely associated with organised crime, specifically drug markets, and is one of the features that differentiates illegal capitalism from legitimate business. This thesis is informed by a series of ethnographic interviews and informal conversations with former drug market participants and examines the causes of business related violence Dublin’s illegal drug trade. The research also investigates the interpersonal dynamics of violence amongst actors and provides insight into the characterological traits of violent people. The thesis begins with an examination of the role of violence amongst addicts in the street retail market and situates violent acts in the context of a compulsive disorder that suppresses moral standards and diminishes sympathy with victims. The relationship between profit oriented dealers and their often addicted customers is analysed to understand the intricacies of debt enforcement in the drug trade, and the thesis offers an explanation of dealers violence that is, at least in part, a response to the credit based system of commerce that the trade depends on. Paranoia is rampant amongst actors in the drug trade and they often suspect betrayal from within their own circle of friends and associates. Further, many of these men have a great sense of self-regard and are highly sensitive to the humiliation of personal insult. The research also looks at the violent practice of the more powerful actors in the illegal drug trade; the dominant criminals who maintain their positions for many years and accumulate great wealth. Many of these men suffer as a result of their way of life and can experience deterioration of their psychological health and emotional wellbeing as a result of living with the intense pressure of interpersonal conflict. Desistance from crime is possible for some of the men who have been very violent in the pursuit of profit and power.
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Gonzalez, Dominquez Jose Fabian. "Gang membership, drug sales, violence, and guns." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3358.

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The purpose of this study is to examine three factors relating to drug arrests using secondary data analysis. First, ethnic characteristics of a dealer were analyzed according to the location from where they sold their product. Next, possible factors associated with a police officer using force at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed. Finally, factors associated with a gun being present at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed.
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Morris, Kaitlin. "The Poverty-Reinforcing Violence Trap in Guatemala: The Cost of the Drug Trade and Prohibitionist Drug Policies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/647.

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Guatemala, the most populous country in Central America, is haunted by the legacy of violence, political instability, poverty, corruption, and persisting, relentless inequality. Narco-trafficking routes through Central America became firmly established after air- and sea-based routes were disrupted by U.S. and Mexican drug enforcement efforts in the 1990s. Guatemala and its Central American neighbors were highly vulnerable to incursion by the drug trade, ideally-located between production sources and major consumers, its people and governments weakened by long-standing armed conflict. Evidence shows the drug trade disproportionately impacts Guatemala in comparison to the rest of the region. Its neighbors share similarly well-located geography and the legacy of armed conflicts, but Guatemala lacks the institutional strength and ability to combat the cartels. This paper posits that U.S. prohibitionist policies are ineffective and harmful to Guatemala’s people, based on a supply-reduction model and a review of previous literature and anecdotal evidence. Narco-trafficking and the United States’ drug enforcement efforts, strategies and policies, intensify existing violence, poverty, inequality and corruption within Guatemala, ensnaring its people in a recurring cycle of violence which reinforces barriers to escaping poverty and crime.
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Rios, Contreras Viridiana. "How Government Structure Encourages Criminal Violence: The causes of Mexico's Drug War." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10752.

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Gonzalez, Ginocchio Brenda. "The social and developmental dimensions of drug violence in Mexico, 2006-2012." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21012/.

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Drug violence in Mexico has claimed over 120,000 victims since it escalated in 2007. The government’s policy response has been driven by an emphasis on security and militarisation, but with a growing focus on social issues as part of its strategy since 2010. Given the government’s increasing emphasis on social and poverty issues in its drug enforcement strategy and the persistent high levels of drug violence, this thesis sets out to explore the under-researched social drivers of drug violence in order to understand the nature of the relationship between poverty, inequality and drug violence. In so doing, it introduces a distinctive framework for explaining the persistence of drug violence based on the argument that there is a misunderstood dimension in government policy frameworks, namely, the social and development contexts in which drug violence is embedded. The thesis contends that the government’s increasing focus on the social issues of drug violence is important, but its concentration on the issue of absolute poverty is misplaced. The thesis analysis finds that in terms of drug violence patterns, relative inequality seems to be more important than poverty. In order to develop this argument, the thesis uses a mixed methods approach to explore two sets of social conditions and trends in Mexico – poverty and inequality. In each case, the analysis uses quantitative indicators and qualitative interview material gathered during field research to explore the importance of each set of conditions in explaining the social dimensions of drug violence, and, in a second step, to assess their relative importance as explanatory factors. The quantitative analysis centres on indicators of development at the national and sub-national levels. The qualitative material, gathered from 23 semi-structured interviews with government officials, members of non-governmental organisations, former drug traffickers, academics and journalists draws from their experience to flesh out an understanding of the social and developmental context of drug violence within our case study of Monterrey. The findings of the thesis are counterintuitive and surprising, given dominant assumptions in the literature and policy debates about the relationship between drug violence, poverty and inequality. Contrary to these prevailing assumptions, the research findings indicate that the most drug-violent sub-national units are not the most impoverished, nor the most unequal. Instead, they frequently show the highest levels of development within their respective states, and throughout the country. The thesis draws on these findings to suggest a new way of understanding the relationship between violence and development, and specifically the dynamics of drug violence in Mexico. It suggests that such an understanding offers important wider policy implications for addressing the problem.
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Pulido, Gomez Amalia. "Drug-Related Violence and Party Behavior: The Case of Candidate Selection in Mexico." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248489/.

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This dissertation examines how parties respond and adapt their behavior to political violence. Building a theoretical argument about strategic party behavior and party capture, I address the following questions: How do parties select and recruit their candidates in regions with high levels of violence and the pervasive presence of VNAs? Do parties respond to violence by selecting certain types of candidates who are more capable of fighting these organizations? Do parties react differently at different levels of government? And finally, how do VNSAs capture political selection across at different levels of government? I argue that in regions where there is high "uncertainty," candidate selection becomes highly important for both party leaders and DTOs. Second, I argue that as violence increases and the number of DTOs also, criminal organizations, as risk-averse actors, will capture candidate selection. I posit that as violence increases, there is a greater likelihood that candidates will have criminal connections. To test my theory, I use the case of Mexico. Violence in Mexico and the presence of criminal organizations across the country has experienced a great deal of variation since the 1990s. In Chapter 2, I find that violence affects the gubernatorial candidate selection of the PRI, PAN and PRD. In high violence states, parties select gubernatorial candidates with long experience in subnational politics compared to other types of experiences. In chapter 3, however, I find that at the municipal level not all the parties respond equally to violence. As a municipality becomes more violent, the PRI and PAN party leaders are more likely to select mayoral candidates who were either state or federal deputies or candidates who were both. In contrast, the PRD is likely to recruit state deputies as a function of violence, but not national deputies or candidates who were deputies at both the state and federal level. Interestingly, I find that as the municipality becomes more violent, party leaders are less likely to recruit inexperienced candidates. This result suggests that parties do indeed respond to levels of violence. Finally, in Chapter 5, I show that criminal organizations capture candidate selection to reduce uncertainty. As utility-maximizing actors, DTOs seek to influence the selection of candidates as a function of violence. At the state level, criminal organizations are more likely to capture candidate selection in states with the presence of multiple DTOs. Party capture is more likely to happen in states where more than one DTO are fighting to control the turf. I show that criminal organizations at the state level equally capture all parties. This finding reveals that DTOs are diversifying their political connections. While under the dominant party regime, they colluded with PRI officials, under the new political Mexican democratic configuration, DTOs are establishing other political relationships with different political parties.
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Wey, Rebecca. "Fiction and Necessity: Literary Interventions in the Drug War." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347098.

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This thesis investigates Nuestra Aparente Rendición, or "Our Apparent Surrender," a literary project launched in response to narco-violence in Mexico. I consider the potential of literature to intervene on violence by elaborating a theory of fiction as a strategy of naturalization. Fiction dissembles artifice and contingency, imposing sense-making frames on the imagination. The role of fiction in politics is to work the very limits of intelligibility. It has long been held that language requires external moorings to anchor discourse to a stable place. This has been conceived, alternatively, as an idealized speech community or an intersubjective commitment to veracity, as objective truths, a privileged experience, external reality or God. In the absence of such moorings, it has been claimed that language would be a sea of unending deferral, and communication would be impossible. A theory of fiction suggests instead that the place where meaning is 'fixed' and stabilized is internal to discourse itself. Fiction works to halt the imagination, limit what is possible, and transform infinite contingency into necessity. Ultimately, I suggest that what is needed is a deepening of the rhetorical turn. It has been argued--and feared--that that the rhetorical turn devolves into relativism and renders scholarship ineffectual. Against such claims, I contend that we have not yet accounted for the effects of necessity, which is caught up with contingency in an inextricable embrace.
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Pineda, Marin Claudia Patricia. "Functional measurement applied to major societal issues in Colombia : drug, sex, violence and forgiveness." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20061.

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La Colombie est un pays situé dans le nord-ouest de l’Amérique du Sud. La plupart de ses 46 millions d’habitants sont concentrés dans les villes. Selon le Département Administratif National des Statistiques (2017), la répartition de la population s’explique par le déplacement forcé des personnes, causé par le conflit armé qui a duré presque 60 ans (de 1960 à 2015). Dans la présente thèse, quatre problèmes d’un intérêt particulier sont examinés : l’éducation pour prévenir la consommation des drogues, l’éducation sexuelle, la capacité de pardon dans des situations de négligence des soins et la capacité de pardon des actes de violence perpétués contre les femmes dans le contexte du conflit armé colombien. Cette étude a identifié que la volonté de pardon des participants est faible. Cependant, un petit groupe de participants seulement accorde une importance au crime lui-même concernant le pardon, tandis qu’un autre petit groupe, accorde plus d’importance à l’attitude de l’agresseur. Concernant l’éducation des jeunes en vue de prévenir la consommation des drogues, il est important de souligner qu’il existe encore plusieurs sujets tabous en Colombie. Selon les données de l’étude, les points de vue prohibitionniste et autoritaire concernant la consommation des drogues sont les plus partagés. S’agissant de l’éducation sexuelle, la plupart de jeunes en Colombie n’y ont pas accès, bien qu’il s’agisse d’un droit fondamental. De plus, les parents ou les personnes en situation de parentalité semblent être incapables d’éduquer leurs enfants efficacement et assertivement au regard de ce sujet
Colombia is located in northwestern portion South America. Currently, 46 million people inhabit the country and are mainly concentrated in the cities. According to the National Administrative Department of Statistics (2017), the population distribution is mainly explained by the forced displacement of persons resulting from the Colombian armed conflict that lasted nearly 60 years (from 1960 to 2015). In the present thesis, four problems of particular interest are examined: education for preventing drug use, sexual education, the capacity to forgive in situations of medical negligence, and the capacity to forgive acts of violence perpetrated against women in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. In the first study on the willingness of Colombian adults to forgive, Colombians have difficulties in integrating stimuli at the moment of deciding whether to forgive in a political context, yet it is not easy for them to forgive in a political context compared to other situations such as medical negligence. About the second study, polarization and the invisibility of victims are also common themes with respect to crimes committed against women. The study identified that the willingness to forgive of the participants is low. However, only a small group of participants consider the crime itself upon contemplating forgiveness, while another small group consider the attitude of the aggressor. In regard to the education of young people to prevent drug use, it is important to highlight that many subjects are still taboo in Colombia. As shown by the data, prohibitionist and authoritarian standpoints on drug use are considered to be the most acceptable. In regard to sexual education, the majority of young people in Colombia do not have access to such education despite this being a basic right. Likewise, parents and caretakers are apparently unable to effectively and assertively educate their children on this topic
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Johnson-Hart, Lallen Tyrone. "Classifying Drug Markets by Travel Patterns: Testing Reuter and MacCoun's Typology of Market Violence." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/181618.

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Criminal Justice
Ph.D.
Research to date has demonstrated significant relationships between the presence of outdoor drug markets and violent crime. Scholars have neglected however, to consider the role of travel distance on the drugs/violence nexus. The current study examines whether features of the distributions of travel distance to markets of drug buyers, drug sellers, or the interaction between the two distributions predicts drug market violence levels net of surrounding community demographic structure. Reuter and MacCoun's (1992) as yet untested model about the connections between drugs and violent crime, predicts that the interaction of drug seller and buyer distance distributions from varying distances more powerfully drug market violence levels than buyer and average distance averages. This suggests that how the travel patterns of the two major participants in drug markets intersect is key to understanding differences. That model is tested here. In addition, for comparison purposes, impacts of buyer and seller travel median distances are modeled separately. This work uses 5 years (2006-2010) of incident and arrest data from the Philadelphia Police Department. Reuter and MacCoun's model will be tested using the following analytical techniques. First, a methodology for locating and bounding drug markets using a nearest neighbor, hierarchical clustering technique is introduced. Using this methodology 34 drug markets are identified. Second, hierarchical linear models examining buyers and sellers separately predict travel distances to drug markets. Arrestees are nested within markets. This technique separates influences on distance arising from arrestees from drug market distance differences. Third, how market level median travel distance affects within drug market violence is considered. Specifically, the main effects of median buyer travel distance and median seller travel distance on drug market violence are captured using separate Poisson hierarchical linear models. Finally, impacts of the interaction between buyer and seller distance, Reuter and MacCoun's (1992) focus, are explored in another series of generalized hierarchical linear models. The main findings from the dissertation are as follows: 1. Results provide partial support for Reuter and MacCoun's drug market-violence model using multiple operationalizations. Public markets--those in which buyers and sellers travel from outside their own neighborhoods--are expected to be the most violent. 2. Separate raw distance measures for buyers and sellers correlate with within-drug market violence, after controlling for community demographics. 3. A negative effect of socioeconomic status and violence holds even when modeled with drug market variables. 4. As the proportion of crack cocaine sales within drug markets increases so too does within-market violence. Conceptual implications highlight the need to investigate social ties as an intervening variable in the travel distance »» drug market violence relationship. It is not clear from this research whether the travel distances of drug offenders in some way explains the amount or strength of social ties in a drug market, which in turn serves to suppress or elevate within-drug market violence. Policy implications suggest that Reuter and MacCoun's drug market types may connect with specific policing responses. Policing efforts may not receive much support from community residents because dense social networks may discourage reporting illicit activity. Markets drawing dealers and customers from farther away, and located around commercial and recreational centers may be amenable to place-based policing initiatives and coordinated intervention strategies with multiple city agencies.
Temple University--Theses
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Books on the topic "Drug violence"

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Vanda, Felbab-Brown, and Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute, eds. Drug trafficking, violence, and instability. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2012.

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Bergman, Marcelo. Illegal Drugs, Drug Trafficking and Violence in Latin America. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73153-7.

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Drugs & domestic violence. Center City, Minn: Hazelden Foundation, 1997.

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Miller, Don E. Drug wars: The final battle : rescuing America from drug violence. Chula Vista, Calif: Speranza Productions, 1994.

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Drugs and domestic violence. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1996.

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Robbing drug dealers: Violence beyond the law. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 2000.

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Berger, Gilda. Violence and drugs. New York: F. Watts, 1989.

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Drugs and gun violence. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1995.

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Mexico's drug trafficking violence: Scope, consequences, and response. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, 2011.

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Osgood, D. Wayne. Drugs, alcohol, and adolescent violence. Boulder, CO: Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute for Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drug violence"

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Fitzgerald, John L. "Pharmacological Omnipotence and Sexual Violence." In Framing Drug Use, 229–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137482242_12.

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Botvin, Gilbert J., and Lawrence M. Scheier. "Preventing drug abuse and violence." In Health-promoting and health-compromising behaviors among minority adolescents., 55–86. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10262-003.

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Lien, Inger-Lise. "Violence and Emotions." In Pathways to Gang Involvement and Drug Distribution, 87–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01664-1_7.

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Guastaferro, Wendy P., Laura Lutgen, and Kate Guastaferro. "Drug Courts: A Secondary Prevention Model." In Preventing Crime and Violence, 309–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44124-5_26.

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Rosen, Jonathan D., and Hanna Samir Kassab. "Trends in Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime." In Drugs, Gangs, and Violence, 57–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94451-7_4.

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Neale, Joanne. "Drug Use, Violence and Anti-social Behaviour." In Drug Users in Society, 101–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598676_7.

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Daudelin, Jean, and José Luiz Ratton. "Islands of Peace: Middle-Class Drug Markets." In Illegal Markets, Violence, and Inequality, 17–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76249-4_2.

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Lien, Inger-Lise. "Violence Within the Distribution System." In Pathways to Gang Involvement and Drug Distribution, 79–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01664-1_6.

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Flanzer, Jerry P. "Alcohol and Family Violence: The Treatment of Abusing Families." In Drug and Alcohol Use, 261–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0888-9_25.

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Daudelin, Jean, and José Luiz Ratton. "Introduction: Drug Markets and Violence in Recife, Brazil." In Illegal Markets, Violence, and Inequality, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76249-4_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drug violence"

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Figura Lange, Karen, and Sandra Davis Lakeman. "An Allegory of Good Government: A Comparison of Gothic Siena and Modern Los Angeles." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.26.

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As our American cities struggle with the problems of growth and development, the human initiated disasters of crime and violence threaten the very existence of the urban core ofmost large cities. Los Angeles dominates the American crime scene with its gangs and drug dealers, where violent crime will strike one in every three Angelenos in their lifetime. The city is a leading example of environmental disintegration preceding rampant crime. In fact, environmental decay, drug use and crime continue to rise apparently in collaboration with each other. Additionally, the social service organizations are overwhelmed by the influx of immigrants, teenage pregnancy, and AIDS.
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Rudisill, Toni. "23 The characteristics of drug-impaired drivers in the United States." In Society for the Advancement of Violence and Injury Research (SAVIR) 2020 conference abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-savir.99.

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Sharma, Santosh. "P357 Interlinking stigma, violence and STI/HIV among injecting drug users in india." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.462.

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Saunders, D., A. Hagemeyer, and L. Werhan. "0053 An analysis of drug overdose deaths by intent in Ohio from 2016–2018." In Injury and Violence Prevention for a Changing World: From Local to Global: SAVIR 2021 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-savir.33.

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Kalesan, Bindu. "33 Impact of mental illness in the risk of incident comorbid drug use disorder in individuals who survive firearm injury." In Society for the Advancement of Violence and Injury Research (SAVIR) 2020 conference abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-savir.4.

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Kalesan, Bindu. "35 Investigating intersections between firearm suicide, drug-related mortality and primary economic dependency in rural America: a cross-sectional study." In Society for the Advancement of Violence and Injury Research (SAVIR) 2020 conference abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-savir.6.

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Hedegaard, Holly, and Margaret Warner. "115 Using national vital statistics system (NVSS) mortality data to estimate county-level trends in drug–specific overdose mortality: considerations and limitations." In Society for the Advancement of Violence and Injury Research (SAVIR) 2020 conference abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-savir.114.

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Myers, M., V. Lyons, M. Walton, J. Heinze, R. Cunningham, and J. Goldstick. "0050 Descriptive network analysis of co-occurring drug use disorders and associated predictors among adolescents and emerging adults presenting to an urban emergency department." In Injury and Violence Prevention for a Changing World: From Local to Global: SAVIR 2021 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-savir.31.

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Singh, Vijay, Quyen Epstein-Ngo, Patrick Carter, Jason Goldstick, Rama Salhi, Maureen Walton, and Rebecca Cunningham. "10 Partner violence victimisation and perpetration, alcohol use, and injury among drug-using young adults seeking emergency department care: a 2-year prospective study." In SAVIR 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042560.10.

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ÁVILA CERÓN, Carlos Alberto, Ignacio DE LOS RÍOS-CARMENADO, Maria RIVERA, and Susana MARTÍN. "RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN COLOMBIA’S CONFLICT ZONES: A PROPOSAL FROM THE WWP MODEL." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.085.

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During the past fifty years, Colombia has endured an internal armed conflict. It has left as a result massive forced displacements, destruction of the social capital and indiscriminate logging of forests in regions affected by illicit crops and a strong presence of illegal armed groups supported by drug trafficking. In spite of a number of national policies and programs against illicit crops, the issue still persists, along with all the social implications it carries with. This paper presents a model for planning rural development projects in regions with illicit crops. The methodology applied is based on the model "Working With People (WWP)" and integrates the knowledge and experience gathered throughout the implementation of various projects in the region of La Macarena, Colombia. It takes into account eight years of continuous work with the communities, in one of the areas of greatest social unrest in Colombia, due to illicit crops, on-going criminal activity and violence by illegal armed groups and a weak presence of State institutions. Some of the factors hindering successful advancement of rural development policies include the breakdown of the social fabric, deterioration of moral values, family disintegration and lack of confidence. The conceptual framework applied integrates elements from policy analysis and social learning (Friedmann, 1991; Cazorla et al., 2015), proposed as a reaction from traditional and ineffective social reform models (Friedmann, 1991) developed in this type of scenarios. Following a thorough review of rural development planning theories regarding illicit crops areas, we carried out an analysis of the experience in the Macarena region under the WWP model. The results show the effects of the WWP model and the necessity to develop a strategy for the eradication of illicit crops in a post-conflict scenario, taking into account various social variables. Findings denote a greater relevance of the ethical-social and political-contextual dimensions in terms of sustainable rural development. Trust building, the enhancement of social relationships and direct interaction with target communities are the basic factors to the reconstruction of the social fabric and value systems, fostering sustainable rural development and stabilization.
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Reports on the topic "Drug violence"

1

Williams, Phil, and Vanda Felbab-Brown. Drug Trafficking, Violence, and Instability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada560718.

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Lindo, Jason, and María Padilla-Romo. Kingpin Approaches to Fighting Crime and Community Violence: Evidence from Mexico's Drug War. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21171.

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Brown, Evan, and Dallas D. Owens. Drug Trafficking, Violence, and Instability in Mexico, Colombia, and the Caribbean: Implications for U.S. National Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada514237.

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Miron, Jeffrey. Violence and the U.S. Prohibition of Drugs and Alcohol. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6950.

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Brown, Ryan, Verónica Montalva, Duncan Thomas, and Andrea Velásquez. Impact of Violent Crime on Risk Aversion: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23181.

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Ruprah, Inder J., Ricardo Sierra, and Heather Sutton. Sex, Violence, and Drugs Among Latin American and Caribbean Adolescents: Do Engaged Parents Make a Difference? Inter-American Development Bank, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000310.

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Wechsberg, Wendee, Charles Parry, and Rachel Jewkes. Drugs, sex, gender-based violence, and the intersection of the HIV/AIDS epidemic with vulnerable women in South Africa. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2010.pb.0001.1005.

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Lester, Paul B., P. D. Harms, Denise J. Bulling, Mitchel N. Herian, and Seth M. Spain. Evaluation of Relationships Between Reported Resilience and Soldier Outcomes. Report #1: Negative Outcomes (Suicide, Drug Use, & Violent Crimes). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada538618.

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Markowitz, Sara. An Economic Analysis of Alcohol, Drugs, and Violent Crime in the National Crime Victimization Survey. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7982.

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ISTRAŽIVAČKI PRIORITETI: PRIKAZ ZA ZAPADNI BALKAN 2019. RESOLVE Network, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rp2020.4.wb.

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Usred sve veće prijetnje koju nasilni ekstremizam (engl. violent extremism, VE) predstavlja širom svijeta države zapadnog Balkana suočavaju se sa znatnim izazovima u održavanju socijalne kohezije i stabilnosti. Kao i drugdje, narativi vjerske, krajnje desne i nacionalističke militantnosti snažno utječu na ranjivu mladu populaciju država zapadnog Balkana koja je zbog povijesti regije ispunjene etničkim, vjerskim i građanskim sukobima posebno podložna riziku od terorističke regrutacije u državama regije i inozemstvu. Pojedinci koji su otputovali kako bi se borili za nasilne ekstremističke organizacije u inozemstvu vraćaju se u svoje domovine uslijed teritorijalnih gubitaka koje su ekstremističke skupine doživjele u Siriji i Iraku. Istodobno etnonacionalistički ekstremizam nastavlja dobivati na snazi i širiti se regijom. I dok su neke od ovih tema detaljnije istražene u trenutačno aktualnoj literaturi, druge su i dalje slabo istražene. Za postojeće je teme istraživanja također potrebno više rada na terenu i čvršći teorijski temelji. Praznine u našem kolektivnom razumijevanju ukazuju na potrebu za dodatnim istraživanjem društvenih dinamika i dinamika nasilnog ekstremizma koje se razvijaju na zapadnom Balkanu. Bolje utemeljeno i detaljnije istraživanje može pomoći u informiranju i olakšati napore u sprječavanju / borbi protiv nasilnog ekstremizma (engl. Preventing/Countering Violent Extremism, P/CVE) u regiji. U 2019. godini mreža RESOLVE sazvala je lokalne i međunarodne stručnjake radi rasprave o prazninama u istraživanju i razvijanja preliminarnog popisa istraživačkih prioriteta za sprječavanje / borbu protiv nasilnog ekstremizma (P/CVE) na zapadnom Balkanu. Teme navedene u nastavku odražavaju njihovu zajedničku stručnost, dubinsko razumijevanje i posvećenost kontinuiranoj analizi trendova i dinamika nasilnog ekstremizma u regiji.
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