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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drug war/ War on Drugs

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Academic literature on the topic 'Drug war/ War on Drugs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Drug war/ War on Drugs"

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Buchanan, Julian, and Lee Young. "The War on Drugs - a war on drug users?" Drugs: education, prevention and policy 7, no. 4 (November 2000): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713660130.

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Mishra, Hara Prasad, Ayush Goel, Sahil Kumar, Mihir Chauhan, Mrinal Patnaik, and Imaad Rehman. "Drug development hit by war." Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.3.

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Alexandris Polomarkakis, Konstantinos. "Drug Law Enforcement Revisited: The “War” Against the War on Drugs." Journal of Drug Issues 47, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042617697017.

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From the closure of London’s nightclub Fabric to Duterte’s drug war, law enforcement has become the policy choice par excellence for drug control by stakeholders around the globe, creating a rift between theory and practice, the former vehemently dismissing most of its alleged benefits. This article provides a fresh look on the said regime, through examining its implications in the key areas of illicit drug markets, public health, and broader society. Instead of adopting a critical stance from the start, as much of the literature does, the issue is evaluated from the perspective of a focus on the logic and rationality of drug law enforcement approaches, to showcase from within how problematic the latter are. The article concludes by suggesting at least a reconceptualization of the concept, to give way to more sophisticated policies for finally tackling the issue of illegal drugs effectively.

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Alexander, Bruce K. "Alternatives to the War on Drugs." Journal of Drug Issues 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269002000101.

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The War on Drugs has proved ineffective. However, it cannot simply be abandoned, for it is directed, at least in part, toward solving real social problems. This article proposes replacements for three major components of the drug war: localized, pragmatic controls to replace drug prohibition laws; valid information to replace anti-drug propaganda; and social innovations to replace bureaucratized drug treatment.

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Campbell, Emily B. "The War on Drugs Turns 50." Contexts 21, no. 3 (August 2022): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15365042221114989.

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A discussion of major developments since the war on drugs launched in 1971 including mass incarceration, the overdose crisis, and the Mexican drug war. Challenges are described and solutions considered.

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Scherlen, Renee. "The Never-Ending Drug War: Obstacles to Drug War Policy Termination." PS: Political Science & Politics 45, no. 01 (January 2012): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096511001739.

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AbstractWhy does the war on drugs continue after 40 years? This article combines theories of policy termination and prospect theory to explain the drug war's persistence. After reviewing the case for termination, the article turns to policy termination theory. As previous case studies have demonstrated, rationality and economic reasoning alone fail to persuade politicians to end existing policies. In the case of the drug war, specific characteristics of the drug policy and the current political environment, as well as typical institutional and bureaucratic constraints, create substantial obstacles to end the drug war. Perceptions of the risks and benefits of drug war termination also create difficulties. The article concludes that a number of factors need to shift before drug war policy termination can take place.

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Eremin, Arkady, and Oleg Petrovich-Belkin. "Historic retrospective of the U.S. “War on Drugs” concept." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 12-1 (December 1, 2020): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202012statyi23.

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This paper provides a detailed in-depth analysis of the historic traits and principles of the «War on drugs» concept in US domestic and foreign policies. Authors contrast the vector of ideological development of the concept with the changes in relevant statistical data on illicit drug demand and supply in the Western Hemisphere. This work represents an attempt to determine the role of the concept under review in the structure of modern academic knowledge related to anti-drug policy formation and decision-making process.

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Saadatmand, Yassaman, Michael Toma, and Jeremy Choquette. "The War On Drugs And Crime Rates." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2012): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i5.6980.

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This paper analyzes the effects of the War on Drugs on crime rates. Many in the field of law enforcement believe that incarcerating drug offenders reduces crime. However, time-series analysis of four types of crime rates in the United States does not support this view. Using seven explanatory variables, including federal spending on the Drug Enforcement Agency, incarceration rates for drug offenders, and abortion rates, the results suggest the incarceration of drug offenders causes a crowding-out effect in prisons, releasing non-drug offenders and thereby potentially increasing, rather than reducing crime.

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Andreas, Peter. "Drugs and War: What Is the Relationship?" Annual Review of Political Science 22, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051017-103748.

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What is the relationship between psychoactive drugs and war? This review article identifies and traces five key dimensions of this relationship: war while on drugs, war for drugs, war through drugs, war against drugs, and drugs after war. The review provides empirical illustrations across times, places, and drugs to demonstrate the importance of each of these dimensions. Political scientists and other scholars have typically either ignored the drugs–war relationship or focused on only one dimension. The common tendency is to privilege illegal drugs such as cocaine and heroin in the contemporary era over the historical centrality of legal drugs such as tobacco and alcohol in relation to armed conflict. Placing both history and a wider range of drugs (legal and illegal) front and center in the analysis provides a corrective that allows for a fuller and richer understanding of the multiple linkages between psychoactive substances and warfare. It also suggests that as a counterbalance to contemporary accounts stressing the growing threat posed by drug-financed violent nonstate actors, we should recognize the many ways in which the centuries-old nexus between drugs and war has also been about statecraft and the pursuit of the state's strategic objectives.

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Cohen, Aliza, and Melissa Moore. "Drug War Dragnet." Federal Sentencing Reporter 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2024.36.4.188.

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This paper examines the multilayered dynamics behind the drivers of overdose deaths, criminal legal-system involvement, and the drug war infiltration of people’s everyday lives—especially for people under community supervision. While incarceration receives more media and academic attention because of its particular cruelty, almost twice as many people—3.7 million, or one in every sixty-nine U.S. adults—are under community supervision. Probation and parole are commonly understood as “alternatives to incarceration” or “lenient sentences,” but people on supervision must endure constant monitoring, perpetually under the threat of incarceration. Drug war policies and practices have profoundly shaped probation and parole. Regardless of someone’s original sentence, abstinence from drugs, drug testing, submission to warrantless searches, and court-ordered treatment are routine features of supervision. The putative goal of community supervision is to ensure successful reintegration; yet drug war surveillance enacts extensive barriers, while not reducing drug use or drug-related harms like overdose. In order to ensure health, financial security, and overall well-being of those under supervision, policymakers, probation and parole officers, clinicians, service providers, and researchers must work to identify and remove barriers to care, including routine drug testing, substandard or forced substance use disorder treatment, and poor-quality services and support.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drug war/ War on Drugs"

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Kokot, Matthew. "Changing America's drug war the potential implications of the Dutch approach for America's war on drugs /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1441.

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Carroll, Steven M. McGuire Marvin H. "The economics of the drug war : effective federal policy or missed opportunity? /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FCarroll%5FMcGuire.pdf.

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Carter, Alexandra. "The War on Drugs in Contrast to the War on Big Pharma: Contextualizing Shifts in Drug Policy During the Opioid Crisis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2263.

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New drug epidemics often unleash punitive campaigns to end them- highlighted by the 1980’s drug wars. However, the opioid crisis has been met with public-health driven policies, like clean needle programs and community-based substance abuse therapy. This thesis asks why policy responses to the opioid crisis are so different than those of the War on Drugs. First, as the cost of the drug war became clearer, policy makers across the political spectrum became less inclined to wage a new punitive war against opioids, especially as public-health responses proved to be more effective while also less costly. Second, the demographics of those addicted to opioids is different than those who were addicted to crack cocaine. The brunt of War on Drugs policies was felt by those in the lowest socioeconomic brackets and perpetuated poverty in low-income communities. Today’s softer approaches have been informed by a greater percentage of middle- to upper-class individuals affected by the opioid crisis. Third, as opioids have legitimate medical purposes, they are harder to demonize or ban, rendering it more difficult to declare total war against them. Further, the influence opioid manufacturers have has made policy makers less inclined to declare war, taking supply-side action. Public-health driven policies and policies that minimize supply-side action against pharmaceutical opioid manufacturers are duplicate representations of the United States’ departure from War on Drug tactics. As long as the “medical model” of health care, which emphasizes drugs, medical treatment, and surgery is ingrained in society and the economy, these patterns will continue.

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Schack, Todd Alan. "The cultural war on drugs: The language of drug literature 19th century to the present." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3218996.

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Reyes, Garces Alfonso. "Winning the war on drugs in Mexico? Toward an integrated approach to the illegal drug trade." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FReyes%20Garces.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor: Berger, Marcos (Mark T.). Second Reader: Simons, Anna. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Illegal drug trade, drug-related violence, drug cartels, Mexico, supply reduction, harm reduction. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-104). Also available in print.

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Diaz, Mary Lu Anna. "America's war on drugs : who's winning /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA306661.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1995.
Thesis advisor(s): Robert Looney, Frank M. Teti. "December 1995." Bibliography: p. 133-137. Also available online.

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Ahmadzadeh, Arman, and Hannes Rytkönen. "Coping with a war on drugs : Bachelor Thesis." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-7272.

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After the 2016 election of president Duterte, the Philippines have been actively fighting a war on drugs inside their own country according to the new policies developed by the newly chosen regime. These policies have led to the several thousands of dead in police operations which are by many called out as extrajudicial executions. The purpose of this study is to research the experience of urban people living in a society pervaded by a war on drugs with the goal of contributing to the understanding of how they handle the situation and how it affects their lives. The authors have spent two months in the Philippines, mainly in the Metro Manila area to gather the data for the study through mainly participant observation and semi-structured interviews for an ethnographic study. The results show who are being targeted in the war, how people experience it and create labeling and stigma according to the societal rules and norms as well as how people cope with difficult circumstances out of their control.

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Mostyn, Ben. "Transnational social movements and the war on drugs." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000575.

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SOUZA, ANA CLARA TELLES CAVALCANTE DE. "DRUG MOMS, DRUG WARRIORS: GENDER PERFORMANCES AND THE PRODUCTION OF (IN)SECURITY IN THE DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF THE WAR ON DRUGS TOWARD LATIN AMERICA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25668@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A presente dissertação busca oferecer uma leitura crítica sobre as performances militarizadas de (in)segurança que constituem a guerra às drogas na América Latina. Entendemos a guerra às drogas como um conjunto de normas, políticas e saberes relacionado ao controle, via proibição, de drogas ilícitas , que prioriza estratégias militarizadas nas tentativas de suprimir a produção e a comercialização dessas substâncias pela via da oferta e que opera primordialmente através da cooperação bilateral ou multilateral com agências estatais e atores políticos estadunidenses. Situamos a discussão proposta no contexto mais amplo das leituras feministas/de gênero, pós-estruturais e póscoloniais sobre Relações Internacionais e segurança internacional, com foco no processo de construção de imaginários políticos sobre o mundo social através de performances (discursivas e não discursivas) de (in)segurança. Utilizamos como principal (embora não única) estratégia de pesquisa a análise de discurso, olhando para as principais práticas discursivas da guerra às drogas que se colocam como discursos oficiais do Estado estadunidense. Argumentamos que as performances militarizadas da guerra às drogas são tornadas possíveis por uma forma de imaginar as relações internacionais que constrói o Estado nacional moderno como sujeito primordial da política internacional através da (re)produção de fronteiras de (in)segurança. Mais ainda, esse processo reflete complexas hierarquias e dinâmicas de poder que também são informadas por performances de gênero – seja a fluida dualidade entre feminilidades e masculinidades , seja a contraposição entre uma masculinidade hegemônica e masculinidades e feminilidades subalternas . Nesse sentido, a guerra às drogas é tornada possível pelo mesmo imaginário político que (re)produz: um que (re)afirma as fronteiras de possibilidade da política (inter)nacional.
This dissertation aims at offering a critical reading on the militarized (in)security performances that constitute the war on drugs in Latin America. We understand the war on drugs as a cluster of norms, policies and knowledge related to the control, via prohibition, of illicit drugs that prioritizes militarized strategies in their attempts to inhibit the production and commercialization of such substances at the supply side and that operates primarily through bilateral or multilateral cooperation with state agencies and political actors from the United States. We locate our discussion within the wider context of feminist/gender, poststructural and post-colonial studies, focusing on the process of construction the social world through (discursive and non discursive) (in)security performances. Our primary research strategy (among others) consists on discourse analysis, in order to look at the main discursive practices of the war on drugs that posit themselves as the official discourses of the United States as a state. We argue that the militarized performances of the war on drugs are rendered possible by a political imaginary on international relations that constructs the modern nation state as the primordial subject of world politics through the reproduction of borders of (in)security. Moreover, this process reveals complex power hierarchies and dynamics that are also informed by gender performances - being those the fluid duality between femininities and masculinities or the contraposition between a hegemonic masculinity and subaltern masculinities and femininities . In this sense, the war on drugs becomes possible by the same political imaginary that it (re)produces: one that (re)affirms the borders of possibility of (inter)national politics.

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Degenstein, Dane. "The War on Drugs and Social Policy in Tanzania: Crackdowns, Prohibition and Control." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41209.

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In February 2017, Tanzanian President John Magufuli publicly declared a war on drugs, an unexpected change in policy in a country previously leading the way in harm reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. The war on drugs, a set of policies aimed at reducing drug supply and use through the punishment, forced treatment and criminalization of drug users, is a part of Magufuli’s strategy to ‘clean up’ Tanzanian society. Prior to his election, the Tanzanian government largely ignored treatment and drug policy, and foreign NGOs, in partnership with local activists, funded and implemented harm reduction interventions. This thesis seeks to understand a puzzling reversal from harm reduction to repression, posing the questions: 1) How did the Tanzanian government implement a war on drugs that went against the goals of a number of powerful foreign actors funding services for drug users? 2) What have been the outcomes for drug users in Tanzania as a result of the drug policies and programming implemented since the election of Magufuli? 3) How does Tanzania’s war on drugs shape international and domestic approaches to drug use and drug policy in the country? In the fall of 2018, I interviewed foreign and local NGO workers, officials from major international organizations and former drug users and activists in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Using interviews and observations during this fieldwork, I explore the realities on the ground underlying both the drug policy changes towards drug users implemented over 2016/17, and the more public crackdown on drug use in 2017. I rely on a constructivist methodology to challenge and interrogate the narratives being produced by the Tanzanian government, which echoed harsh, war on drugs ideology but also boasted about comprehensive harm reduction programming, a contradictory position I also explore in this thesis. In answer to my first research question, I argue that the Tanzanian government evaded donor pressure or interference in pursuing an anti-drug user agenda through strategies of appeasement, intimidation and the exploitation of a neglected policy area. The Tanzanian government touted its harm reduction program at the international level to produce a narrative of continued support for drug users, appeasing donors and foreign agencies while, in reality, narrowing the scope of treatment to the detriment of people who use drugs. The government also used intimidation tactics, threatening the work of foreign NGOs working with vulnerable population, which chose to stay and provide limited services rather than risk being kicked out of the country. The Tanzanian government, with limited resources, took advantage of donors’ focus on HIV/AIDS and lack of commitment to drug users, to maneuver and achieve a repressive policy agenda without interference. I build on this argument using the evidence I gathered during fieldwork to answer to my second research question. I argue that the outcomes of the Tanzanian drug war agenda were increased police harassment, higher drug prices and fear of punishment among drug users which led to riskier drug use, greater difficulty in accessing services and greater economic vulnerability. Drug users had to go farther, spend more money on drugs and face harassment as they tried to avoid dopesickness. Policy changes resulted in the closure of harm reduction centres frequented by drug users, limited access to needle exchange and limited the outreach efforts of local and international NGOs, making life much more difficult for people who use drugs. During my research, I found that, contrary to some of the literature I read which posited the war on drugs as a Western strategy of political control, the Tanzanian government was actually producing war on drugs narratives, and using these narratives to justify its repressive policies. This finding supports the answer to my third research question. I argue that the Tanzanian government produced narratives of drugs hindering development, causing corruption and threatening national unity. I also argue that donors such as the United Kingdom, and foreign agencies working in HIV/AIDS, are reproducing these narratives and are following an agenda, set by the Tanzanian government, that does not meet the needs of drug users and supports the centralization and repression of the Magufuli regime. Foreign agencies shifted from supporting drug users, to instead following an agenda that does not meet their goals in reaching drug users. Donors did not notice or prioritize the increased abuse of drug users’ human rights at all, accepting the provision of methadone as evidence of support for drug users and continuing to provide general budget support to the Tanzanian government and even providing specific funding to limit drug supply in the country. The effectiveness of Tanzania producing such narratives, and enacting the repressive policies war on drugs narratives justify, reveals global antipathy towards actually supporting people who use drugs and advancing the rights of people who use drugs. In upholding old war on drugs narratives and implementing policies that attack people who use drugs, Tanzania is contributing to an international consensus that the war on drugs is justified as long as basic treatment is provided. This thesis, using the voices of activists and advocates on the ground, deconstructs the Tanzanian war on drugs. I argue for the inclusion of those with lived experiences in shaping and changing the repressive drug policies and epistemologies that are being produced by the Tanzanian state and are being accepted by the international community.

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Books on the topic "Drug war/ War on Drugs"

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Owens, Dena. Oklahoma's war on drugs. Oklahoma City, Okla: Office of State Finance, 1990.

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Pearce, Jenny. Colombia: The drugs war. New York: Gloucester Press, 1990.

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Kerrigan, Michael. The war against drugs. Broomall, PA: Mason Crest Publishers, 2003.

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Roleff, Tamara L. The war on drugs. Edited by Roleff Tamara L. 1959-. San Diego [Calif.]: Greenhaven Press, 2004.

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1963-, Bernards Neal, ed. War on drugs: Opposing viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1990.

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Benavie, Arthur. Drugs: America's holy war. New York: Routledge, 2009.

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Jalālzaʼī, Mūsá K̲h̲ān. The drugs war in South Asia. Lahore: Institute of Current Affairs, 1993.

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Rolles, Stephen. After the war on drugs: Blueprint for regulation. Edited by McClure Craig and Transform Drug Policy Foundation (Great Britain). [Bristol]: Transform Drug Policy Foundation, 2009.

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McCoy, Alfred W., and Alan A. Block. War on Drugs. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429268557.

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Cooper, Mary H. War on Drugs. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: CQ Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/cqresrre19930319.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drug war/ War on Drugs"

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Lupsha, Peter A. "Drug Lords and Narco-Corruption: The Players Change but the Game Continues." In War on Drugs, 177–95. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429268557-9.

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Block, Alan A. "Failures at Home and Abroad: Studies in the Implementation of U.S. Drug Policy." In War on Drugs, 39–64. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429268557-4.

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Scott, Peter Dale. "Honduras, the Contra Support Networks, and Cocaine: How the U.S. Government Has Augmented America's Drug Crisis." In War on Drugs, 125–75. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429268557-8.

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Ricordeau, Gwenola. "War on Drugs." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_570-1.

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Ricordeau, Gwenola. "War on Drugs." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1535–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74319-6_570.

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Jaroschewski, Julia, and Sonja Peteranderl. "Wired Drug War." In Cyberkriminologie, 397–423. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28507-4_16.

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Meyers, Chris. "The War on Drugs and Civil Rights." In Drug Legalization, 203–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17005-8_10.

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Carrier, Neil, and Lisa L. Gezon. "The Drug War and Its Effects." In The Anthropology of Drugs, 155–77. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003109549-8.

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Rosino, Michael L. "The War on Drugs as a Contested Social Issue." In Debating the Drug War, 21–41. New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Framing 21st century social issues series: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315295176-2.

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Rosen, Jonathan D. "The Drug War in Colombia." In The U.S. War on Drugs at Home and Abroad, 17–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71734-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drug war/ War on Drugs"

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"“A drug against war” KMFDM." In ACM SIGGRAPH 97 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '97. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/259081.259357.

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Fetterolf, Dean D., Brian Donnelly, and Lynn D. Lasswell. "Portable instrumentation: new weapons in the war against drugs and terrorism." In Substance Identification Technologies, edited by Geoffrey L. Harding, Richard C. Lanza, Lawrence J. Myers, and Peter A. Young. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.171275.

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Amer, Samar A., and Sami I. Almudarra. "Assessment of Drug Use Pattern among Hajj Pilgrims Saudi Arabia, 1439h (2018)." In 2nd International Conference on Public Health and Well-being. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2021.1009.

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Hajj pilgrimage is the biggest and longest mass gathering, thus increasing the risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases, so this study aimed to promote rational drug use and optimum provision of drugs among Hajj 1439 Pilgrims through the following objectives: To determine the prevalence and the context of the drug's use and to assess the drug use patterns among pilgrims. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on randomly selected 785 Hajj Pilgrims, stratified according to their countries before their retrial in King Abdul Aziz Airport in Jeddah: The studied pilgrims were 52.4 % male,43.9% had chronic diseases, only 70.4% of studied pilgrims received medications, most of them were antibiotics 248 (33.8%), administrated orally 470 (90.6%), for managing chronic diseases 341 (61.66%), only 50% had written prescription. Patient care indicators; more than 80% of pilgrims knowing the drug/s correct dose, and 69.4 knowing the expired date. Facility indicators; 77% of studied pilgrims reported accessibility of medications, and only 12.4% of the bought drugs had been checked, and 20.3% complained of drug side effects mainly due to drugs unavailability. Conclusions; the drug use pattern is a prevalent and problematic issue among pilgrims due to many factors.

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Khamenehfar, Avid, Ji Liu, Jia Cai, Michael Wong, Paul C. H. Li, Patrick Ling, and Pamela Russell. "Drug Accumulation Into Single Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells Conducted on the Single Cell Bioanalyzer." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36166.

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Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurs in prostate cancer, and this happens when the cancer cells resist chemotherapeutic drugs by pumping them out of the cells. MDR inhibitors such as cyclosporin A (CsA) can stop the pumping and enhance the drugs accumulated in the cells. The cellular drug accumulation is monitored using a microfluidic chip mounted on a single cell bioanalyzer. This equipment has been developed to measure accumulation of drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) and fluorescently labeled paclitaxel (PTX) in single prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of drug efflux on the same prostate cell was examined in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. Accumulation of these drug molecules was not found in the MDR cells, PC-3 RX-DT2R cells. Enhanced drug accumulation was observed only after treating the MDR cell in the presence of 5 μM of CsA as the MDR inhibitor. We envision this monitoring of the accumulation of fluorescent molecules (drug or fluorescent molecules), if conducted on single patient cancer cells, can provide information for clinical monitoring of patients undergoing chemotherapy in the future.

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KADHIM, Shafq, Osama Q. FADHIL, Zahraa SAAD, and Dhafir QAHTAN. "SAFETY AND MISUSE OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-15.

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The unique nature and physiology of pregnancy represents a challenge for choosing suitable, efficacious and safe drug therapy. Pharmacokinetic of medicines is very complicated during pregnancy as many important physiological changes happen during this period. FDA classifies medicines used in pregnancy into five categories A, B, C, D and X. Category A is considered the safest category while X is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. This a descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to demonstrate safety of prescribed drugs and the extent of drug misuse during pregnancy. The results demonstrated that 82% of prescriptions lack the full scientific information and 75% of prescriptions containing drugs fall within C and D categories. Moreover, the results showed that 29% of drugs are category C (most commonly prescribed drug was hyoscin butylbromide), and 14% of drugs are category D (most commonly prescribed drug was phenoparbiton). A high percentage of prescriptions was seen with multiple items that can increase the associated side effects and about 22 % of prescriptions were refilled many times and more than half of this percentage used them without medical consultations; this indicates that many pregnant women may misuse these drugs. From this study we concluded that there is a misuse of medicines during pregnancy and a high percentage of pregnant women have used unsafe medications. Therefore prescribing drugs during this period needs a special care as this issue can be dangerous for mother and her fetus.

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Oliveira, Eduardo Felipe da Silva, and Dário César de Oliveira Conceição. "Magnetic drug-carrying nanoparticles in cancer treatments." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-074.

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Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles are nanomaterials that are magnetically influenced by an external gradient. The engineering and manipulation of matter at the molecular level presents several advantages in the field of nanomedicine since most biological molecules exist and function at the nanoscale. Magnetic nanoparticles are promising methods for targeted drug delivery that allow for spatially, temporally and dosage-tunable drug release with minimal side effects. The most commonly used magnetic nanoparticles are Magnetite (Fe3O4) and Maghemite (Fe2O3). The function of drug carriers, or "Drugs delivery" is to take the drug to the pharmacological target, reducing the side effects observed in the drugs, also reducing the amount of drug administered, thus obtaining the pharmacological treatment in an optimized way. This study aims to analyze the use of drug-loading magnetic nanoparticles in cancer treatments.

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Usta, Aybala, Muhammad Rahman, and Ramazan Asmatulu. "Synthesis, Stability and Selection Study of Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsions Containing Nigella Sativa L. Essential Oil." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72205.

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Targeted drug delivery has a great importance in cancer treatment and is in interest of many scientists worldwide. Targeted drug delivery renders local treatment of cancerous cells possible without affecting healthy cells. Hydrogels are promising materials to be used in targeted drug delivery systems due to their biocompatible nature and injectable behaviors where they can be used to load drugs. However, considering that not all the drugs are water soluble, entrapment of some drugs into hydrogels is not practical in terms of poor drug solubility and burst drug release because of this. At this point, an oil phase can be considered as a drug carrying agent, and entrapment of this oil phase into hydrogel would make it possible for in-situ injection of dissolved drug in oil phase. Oil in water (O/W)-type nanoemulsions were prepared using black seed oil, which is known to cause apoptosis via p-53 dependent mechanism, water and Triton X-100, Span-80 surfactant combinations. Three different oil percentage and three different surfactant percentage were tested, and stability behaviors of nanoemulsions were investigated and compared. Dynamic light scattering analysis and zeta potential measurements were conducted for determination of particles sizes and surface charges of the nanoemulsions. The most stable nanoemulsion along with having smallest diameter and lowest polydispersity index (PDI) was used for further studies. Results indicated that using both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfactants together increased the stability of nanoemulsions compared to those using either of them.

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Gulati, Shelly, Janpierre A. Bonoan, Kylee V. Schesser, Joshua F. Arucan, and Xiaoling Li. "Microfluidic Measurements of Drug Dissolution Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance." In ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2016-7930.

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This work describes a microfluidic drug dissolution testing method that was developed using a commercial quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator combined with an axial microfluidic flow cell. Dissolution testing is used to obtain temporal dissolution profiles of drugs, which provide information on the bioavailability or the drug’s ability to be completely dissolved and then absorbed and utilized by the body. Feasibility of the QCM dissolution testing method was demonstrated using a sample drug system of thin films of benzoic acid dissolved in water, capturing the drug dissolution profile under different microflow conditions. Our analysis method uses the responses of resonance frequency and resistance of the quartz crystal during dissolution testing to determine the characteristic profiles of benzoic acid dissolved over a range of microflows (10–1000 μL/min). The initial dissolution rates were obtained from the characteristic profiles and found to increase with higher flow rates. This aligns with the expected trend of increased dissolution with higher hydrodynamic forces. The QCM-based microfluidic drug dissolution testing method has advantages over conventional dissolution test methods, including reduced sample sizes, rapid test durations, low resource requirements, and flow conditions that more closely model in vivo conditions.

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Jesus, Kathleen Cristine Andrade de, Ziane Maria Ferreira Menezes, and Luciana Macedo Brito. "Analysis of excipients used in capsules prepared in magistral pharmacies of the Baixada Fluminense-RJ." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-244.

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Magistral pharmacies currently represent an important segment in the Brazilian drug market. It is known that in magistral preparations, drugs are associated with excipients, which are substances that have different characteristics and functions, helping in pharmaceutical formulations. The inappropriate use of these adjuvants can cause interactions with the drug and thus compromise its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Based on this fact, the objective of this work was to evaluate the excipients used in magistral preparations, in the pharmaceutical form of capsules, in magistral pharmacies in Baixada Fluminense-RJ. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire that was filled out by the pharmacist responsible for each researched establishment, to which the excipient used for the preparation of each mentioned drug was selected. Based on the results exposed in the present study, it was concluded that there is a high error rate in the selection of excipients used in the evaluated formulations of the main manipulated drugs, highlighting the use of adjuvants that have incompatibilities with the analyzed drugs. Considering that most medications, being Fluoxetine, Losartan, Risperidone, Tadalafil, Atenolol, Enalapril, Clonazepam and Hydrochlorothiazide, are widely prescribed, it is necessary to give due importance to the formulations, to guarantee the safety and quality of the magistral products.

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Rahman, Shekh, and Narayan Bhattarai. "Magnesium Oxide Based PLGA/Chitosan Microparticles for Controlled Release Study." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52143.

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The performance of a therapeutic drug can be optimized by controlling the rate and extent of its release in the body. Polymeric microparticles are ideal vehicles for many controlled release drug delivery applications. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible and FDA approved synthetic polymer. When PLGA based controlled release drug delivery devices are fabricated, the surface of PLGA is typically modified by other hydrophilic polymers. But some hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can negatively influence the therapeutic outcomes. The goal of the present study was to fabricate and investigate the PLGA/chitosan microparticles for controlled release of therapeutic drugs. Chitosan is a naturally occurring biodegradable polysaccharide. We hypothesized that chitosan could be used as a surface coating of PLGA to improve controlled release of therapeutic drugs. The double emulsion solvent evaporation technique was modified and utilized to fabricate the PLGA/chitosan microparticles. The microparticles were tested with respect to several physicochemical properties, such as morphology, size distribution, chemical structure, quantification of chitosan content and in vitro release study of model drug. Magnesium is an essential electrolyte in the human body. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is used for treatment of magnesium deficiency. MgO was encapsulated in the PLGA/chitosan microparticles as a model drug.

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Reports on the topic "Drug war/ War on Drugs"

1

Bruske, Jr, and James S. The War on Drugs - America's Other War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada484585.

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Grange, David L. Winning the War on Drugs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437503.

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Ahart, John L. The Unprincipled War: Looking at the War on Drugs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266646.

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Grossman, Herschel, and Daniel Mejia. The War Against Drug Producers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11141.

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Miller, Zachary J. Counterinsurgency and the Mexican Drug War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada525024.

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Munger, Murl D., and William W. Mendel. Campaign Planning and the Drug War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237764.

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Miller, Gilbert J. Original Long War: Supply-Side Strategy in the War on Drugs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada479108.

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Tilzey, Danny F. The War on Drugs: A New Strategy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518414.

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O'Connor, Kenneth M. Strategic Analysis of the War on Drugs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada234230.

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Glover, Carlos R. The War on Drugs: Measuring the Effectiveness of National Guard Efforts in Preventing Drug use Among America's Youth. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326389.

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