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Journal articles on the topic 'Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee'
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1
Afanasyeva, Olga R., and Valentina I. Shiyan. "The Status and Tendencies of Drug-Related Crime at Transport Infrastructure Objects." Drug control 4 (December 24, 2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4160-2020-4-16-20.
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Purpose: based on the analysis of the official statistics of the Federal State Institution “GIAC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia” (information on the state of crime and the results of the investigation of crimes for the period 2015-2019; on crimes related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors or analogues, potent substances, plants (or their parts) containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances or their precursors, new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances, and the persons who committed them; on the state of crime in the air transport of the Russian Federation; summary report on the state of crime in transport) to assess the state and trends of drug-related crime at transport infrastructure facilities. Methodology: fundamental provisions of national criminology, a set of general scientific and specific scientific research methods. Conclusions: drug trafficking at transport infrastructure facilities is one of the main threats to Russia’s transport security. The decrease in the number of registered crimes in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking recorded in 2019 and the number of persons who committed them, both in Russia as a whole and at transport infrastructure facilities, is primarily due to the effectiveness of preventive activities. Scientific and practical significance: the results of the study presented in this article contribute to expanding the scope of criminological knowledge about the current state and trends of drug-related crime at transport infrastructure facilities, justifying the development of more effective preventive measures (scientific significance); will allow the subjects of preventive activity to timely identify new criminal threats in transport, determine priority areas of prevention and optimize management decisions.
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Trimek, Jomdet. "The Trend of Crimes Committed by Lao Immigrants in Thailand After the Inauguration of ASEAN Community." Asian Social Science 16, no. 11 (October 31, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n11p17.
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This research is directly relevant to the ASEAN Political - Security Community (APSC). One of the fundamental visions is particularly associated with combatting transnational crime and international challenges effectively in a timely manner. This study has three objectives as follows; (1) to explore causes and current situation of crime resulting from cross-border migration from Laos to Thailand due to the establishment of ASEAN community, (2) to deeply analyse immigration and crime trends across Thai-Lao borders, and (3) to propose approaches to preventing the immigration from Laos to Thailand for criminal purposes. In-depth interviews were conducted to gather crucial information from key informants, followed by two focus group discussions. However, the trend of crimes committed by Lao immigrants in Thailand after the inauguration of ASEAN community is inconsistent with the hypothesis and public fear of general people who believed that checkpoints for border trade for commodity flows and labour transfers would worsen the issues of drugs and illegal immigration. Research findings indicate that drug-related crime and illegal immigration issues tend to decrease because the opening of ASEAN community allows the Thai and Lao governments to strengthen their international relations. It can be stated that warm diplomatic relations between countries are the main factor contributing to successful prevention for transnational crime.
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Afanasyeva, Olga, Maria Goncharova, and Valentina Shiyan. "The Condition and Trends of Crimes Committed in Public Places." Russian Journal of Criminology 13, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(6).895-908.
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The success of prevention greatly depends on its proper support by research. In the present situation with crime counteraction, it is impossible to achieve substantial results without using the advances of research. Criminological research of different types of crimes makes it possible to focus on their specific features. The authors of the article analyze the current situation with crimes committed in public places and their trends. It is noted that a third of all crimes in official statistics was committed in public places; their structure is dominated by theft, plunder and illegal drug trade. The general reduction of the level of crime in public places, characteristic for 2016, was accompanied by a growth in the number of crimes in the sphere of illegal trade in arms, drugs, and the number of thefts. The authors pay special attention to street crimes (summarize criminological approaches to the concept of «street crime», show its dynamics, structure, consequences, influence on the situation with public order and public safety, socio-psychological state of the society and the assessment of the work of the police). The results of researching crimes in public places at the regional level are presented. Using the analysis of statistical data from State Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the authors state that the Central Federal District is one of the most problematic from the criminal viewpoint in the country. A high coefficient of crimes in public places is observed in the Siberian, Far East, Ural Federal Districts. Key modern trends of crimes in public places include: a dominant share of crimes against property; unlawful use of modern information and communication technologies for criminal purposes; links with transnational organized crime; a steady trend for a younger age of persons who commit crimes of this type. The results of the conducted research make it possible to determine new criminal challenges, identify priorities of preventive work, use and develop measures aimed at improving the counteraction not only to crimes in public places, but to crimes in general.
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Murtadho, Ali. "The Investigation Process Prevention And Eradication Of Narcotics Investigator To The Criminal Abuses By Police." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i2.3286.
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Narcotics abuse is a transnational crime that is done by using a high modus operandi, advanced technology, and supported by jarigan organized. Narcotics are also considered an extraordinary crime because of the impact and the dangers posed to health damage as well as disorders of the nervous system of human, narcotics on one side are the drugs or substances that are useful in the field of medicine and the development of science and on the other hand can cause dependence highly detrimental if abused. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent and fight against the crime of abuse in the illicit traffic of Narcotics. Given the extraordinary crime then categorized the crime of Narcotics regulated more specifically in the Narcotics Act No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics. In the prevention and eradication of Narcotics Police have an important role in it. In addition to enforcing the law, the police are also expected to minimize the prevention and guidance prior to the crime of Narcotics. As a form of law enforcement committed the offenses Police Narcotics abuse is to take action in the form of an investigation. Intent and purpose of the investigation is done to make light of a criminal offense to known suspects and to provide legal certainty and a sense of justice to citizens.Keywords: Process; Investigation; Eradication; Narcotics; Police.
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Bastrykin, A. I. "The Practice of Detecting and Investigating by the Investigative Bodies of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation of Legalization (Laundering) of Proceeds of Crime and Terrorism Financing." Lex Russica, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.176.7.009-014.
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The paper examines countering extremism, terrorist crimes, as well as legalization (laundering) of proceeds of crime, as an important element of comprehensive measures undertaken to ensure national security. These crimes constitute global threats, and their suppression is one of the priorities of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. It should be emphasized that the public danger of legalization (laundering) of proceeds of crime lies in the fact that it undermines the country’s financial system by means of providing the material basis for corruption and terrorism.In modern conditions, the risks of legalization of proceeds of crime, as well as the use of digital currency for illegal or criminal purposes, may arise, for example, when converting digital currency. In view of this, according to the author, it is necessary to establish clear criteria for transactions for which criminal liability for the illegal use of digital currencies may arise, including cases when the digital currency acts as a means of payment for the illegal circulation of weapons, drugs or other items, for the circulation of which criminal liability is established, as well as when illegal gambling or illegal banking are organized. With this in mind, there is a need to introduce criminal liability for illegal circulation of a digital currency and violation of the rules for making transactions with it.One of the main tasks in the field of preventing financing of terrorism and extremism is to counter the spread of radical ideology. To effectively solve this problem, it is required to apply an integrated approach, and, above all, active participation in this process of not only state authorities, but of various institutions of civil society, the scientific community, educational structures, public and religious organizations, as well as the mass media.
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Johnson, Björn, Torkel Richert, and Bengt Svensson. "Parents as victims of property crime committed by their adult children with drug problems." International Review of Victimology 24, no. 3 (June 14, 2018): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269758018773836.
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Parents who are subjected to crime by adult children with drug problems have been neglected in victimological research. We have examined how common it is for parents to fall victim to theft and burglary committed by their children and how the risk varies depending on the parents’ and children’s circumstances. A self-report questionnaire on victimisation was distributed to parents of adult children with drug problems ( n = 687). The data were collected by means of a postal survey sent to members of the Swedish organisation Parents Against Drugs (Föräldraföreningen mot narkotika) ( n=411) and through an online questionnaire that was disseminated on social media and among treatment facilities and other support associations for family members ( n=276). Half (50.7%) of the parents declared that they had at one point or another been victims of theft or burglary committed by their children. The level was higher among older parents, among those whose children had more severe drug problems and among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Of the respondents, 9.9% had been exposed to property crime during the past year. The level was higher among parents of children who were currently taking drugs, among parents of younger children and among parents whose children were living at home. Parents of adult children with drug problems run a high risk of being subjected to property crime by their children. The risk appears to be mostly related to the children’s drug problems and certain other circumstances pertaining to the children. Further research is needed on the extent and nature of this type of crime and about risk prevention for the parents.
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Коломытцев, Николай Алексеевич, and Любовь Николаевна Одинцова. "Recurrent juvenile delinquency and its prevention in Russia." Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, no. 1(38) (March 21, 2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53993/2078-3914/2019/1(38)/34-44.
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Проблема преступности несовершеннолетних остается актуальной. В статье представлен сравнительно-правовой анализ состояния преступлений, совершаемых этой категорией лиц, а также результатов отечественных научных исследований. Отражены особенности несовершеннолетних правонарушителей, связанные с обусловленным их местом в системе общественных отношений, социальными ролями и функциями, биологической и психологической спецификой. Уделено внимание условиям жизни и воспитания подростков в семье, общеобразовательной школе, на предприятиях и организациях различных форм собственности. Раскрыты уровень, динамика, структура и тенденции развития преступности рассматриваемой категории лиц. Рассмотрен комплекс причинности преступности несовершеннолетних. Отмечено негативное влияние на подростковую преступность со стороны неформальных группировок несовершеннолетних, бесхозяйственности на производстве, где трудится ряд подростков, всемирной сети Интернет. Эти и другие факторы способствуют совершению несовершеннолетними типичных для них преступлений: кражи, грабежи, причинение вреда здоровью различной степени тяжести, изнасилования, вандализм, незаконный оборот наркотических средств и психотропных веществ. Подтверждено, что неформальное групповое общение и ближайшее бытовое окружение для них оказываются более значительными, чем семья и учебное заведение. Приведено достаточное количество точек зрения специалистов в рассматриваемой сфере. Высказывается собственная авторская позиция. Теоретические положения и проведенные собственные исследования подтверждены конкретными примерами из следственно-судебной практики. Сформулированы выводы и предложения по оптимизации деятельности институтов государства и гражданского общества в противодействии этому виду преступности. Вносятся обоснованные рекомендации сотрудникам правоохранительных органов, представителям региональных властей и общественности по совершенствованию профилактики преступлений со стороны несовершеннолетних. The problem of combating juvenile delinquency remains topical. The article contains a comparative legal analysis of the state of crimes committed by this category of persons, as well as the results of domestic scientific research. The features of juvenile offenders related to their place in the system of social relations, social roles and functions, and biological and psychological specifics are reflected. Attention is paid to the living conditions and upbringing of adolescents in the family, secondary school, enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership. The level, dynamics, structure and tendencies of development of crime of the considered category of persons are revealed. The complex of causality of juvenile delinquency is considered. The negative impact on juvenile delinquency on the part of informal groups of minors, mismanagement in the workplace, where a number of adolescents work, and the world wide web the Internet has been noted. These and other factors contribute to the commission of juvenile crimes typical for them: theft, robbery, injury to varying degrees of severity, rape, vandalism, trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Thus it is confirmed that informal group communication and the closest household environment for them are more significant than family and educational institution. A sufficient number of points of view of experts in this field are given. Expresses own author's position. Theoretical statements and conducted own research are confirmed by concrete examples from investigative judicial practice. The conclusions and proposals for optimizing the activities of state institutions and civil society in countering this type of crime are formulated. This article introduces reasonable recommendations to law enforcement officials, representatives of regional authorities and the public on improving the prevention of crimes by minors.
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Kotsur, Mykola. "Special features of the legal regulation of antidrug resistance in the SSR in the period 1960—1991." Legal Ukraine, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2020-2(206)-5.
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In this article the dynamics of normative-legal acts, aimed at the fight against drug addiction, which were adopted in the Soviet Union during the period from 1960 to 1991 b. It is shown that the Decree of the Presidential Verkhovna Rada of the Soviet Socialist Republic of 1974 significantly strengthened the criminal indifference for such evils, in the wake of the USSR Committee of 1960. The role of such crimes was played by the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR. Looking at the adoption of these legal and regulatory acts in the fight against drug addiction, the doctrines of the Radyanskie sciences have been changed. The processes of drug addiction in the Soviet Socialist Republic have been growing on a zealous scale, the evil caused by drug addiction has increased, and the happy fakhieves and abuses have become clear from this point of view. In ostensibly arguments the following reasons hung: antisocial life; chase for receipt vid sale of drug products; batannyami pidnyati nasty and unknuti physical pain. The Statute of the URSR Committee of 1960 was not in the present world that the fight against anesthesia was effective for the cause of an insignificant number of children for what the criminality of vidpovidalnist was. Look at the sanctions caused by the illegal drug-related speeches of the URSR CC of 1960, shows the fact that there have been prolonged penalties for such crimes, the therminomic activity of voli right robots has lines of 1 to 3 rows and more in the types of smuggling of drug trafficking of sanctions is increased by lines of 3 to 10 rows. In the fight against illegal narcotics, the role of the SSR played a significant role in the work of doctors and the number of states, associated with the problems, which were published on the pages of newspapers and magazines. Thus, the doctors in their offices, brought negative injections into the state of health, psychic, behavioral and drug use. The newest fight against drug addiction took place after the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was adopted in the 25th quarter of 1974, which significantly broadened the scope of punitive measures, added new warehouses, unify the norms of criminal legislation and provoked strict punishment for the times of the 1960 URDF Communist Party Committee, up to that date, a severe thermic punishment was carried out for such crimes up to 15 years, according to p. 1 and p.1. 2 given to the Decree, up to 10 years, there were three points and the establishment of such worlds as the Confiscation of the Main. In this historic period, there was a tendency to fight against illegal sowing of narcove cultures, which was found at the Station for the sake of the Ministers of the Soviet Socialist Republic, as well as at the Visconauts' Committees of the Masses, they were glad to report about the control and prevention of sowing of such cultures. It is shown that the Ministry of Health of the USSR has adopted legal and regulatory assets of the world in terms of the strength of the protection of drugs, control over their types, trade and prescription. Key words: Criminal code, Decree, drugs, misdemeanours, Supreme Court of the USSR, criminality.
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Abdullah, Wan Nailah, and Roshima Said. "Audit and risk committee in financial crime prevention." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-11-2017-0116.
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Purpose This empirical study aims to examine two areas: first, the characteristics of the audit committee and their relationship with corporate financial crime so as to ensure that their effectiveness as a corporate governance mechanism is still relevant; and second, the effectiveness of having a risk committee which is separated from the audit committee in the prevention of corporate financial crime. Design/methodology/approach This empirical research was carried out by using a Web-based data collection for corporate financial crime cases. Findings While the results for audit committee characteristics are not supported, the findings, however, indicate a significant relationship between the existence of a stand-alone risk committee with corporate financial crime incidences. Practical implications The result of the study serves as an empirical indicator of a firm’s consideration in deciding on the implementation of a stand-alone risk committee from its audit committee. Originality/value Both the descriptive and correlation analyses produced by this paper provide new insights into the extent of corporate financial crime, as well as the empirical evidence of the effectiveness of having a stand-alone risk committee.
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Alvazzi, del. "Across the borders in search of best practices: International comparative criminology at the UN." Temida 15, no. 2 (2012): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1202037a.
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This paper analyzes the changes of the focus of the UN Committee on Crime Prevention and Control through time and the formation of the new Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. The focus of the paper is the contribution of Dusan Cotic, the last Chairman of the Committee.
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Patmawanti, Besse, and Kiki Yulianda. "TINJAUAN KRIMINOLOGI TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK DI WILAYAH HUKUM POLRES 50 KOTA." UNES Law Review 3, no. 1 (September 20, 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v3i1.142.
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This study examines the Criminology Review of Narcotics Offenses committed by Children in the Legal Area of the 50 City Police. This research is descriptive research. The approach method used in this research is a normative juridical approach as the main approach supported by an empirical juridical approach, using secondary and primary data collected through literature and field studies with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The results showed that: 1) by the children in the Legal Area of the 50 City Police, first the factor of lack of parental attention, and feeling isolated so that they fall into narcotics. The second is the environmental factor in which to live and hang out in the community. The third is the factor of curiosity and trial and error that causes this crime of narcotics abuse to occur. Fourth is the factor of education which causes a lack of understanding of the dangers of drugs. 2) The efforts made by the 50 City Police to tackle the Narcotics Crime committed by children, which are divided into 2 efforts, namely Preventive Efforts, which are efforts made by the 50 City Police and carried out before the narcotics crime occurs in the form of campaigns, counseling, socialization. , family approaches, and dissemination of knowledge about the dangers of drugs. Meanwhile, the Repressive Effort is to take action in the form of investigations within the scope of schools and colleges in order to monitor drug trafficking among adolescents.
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CLARK, ROGER S. "Human Rights and the U.N. Committee on Crime Prevention and Control." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 506, no. 1 (November 1989): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716289506001007.
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Abdullah, Wan Nailah, Roshima Said, and Kiymet Caliyurt. "THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL GOVERNANCE ON CORPORATE FINANCIAL CRIME OF COMPANIES IN MALAYSIA." Journal of Governance and Integrity 2, no. 2 (June 19, 2020): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jgi.2.2.2019.5468.
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This empirical study proposes to examine one of the main areas in corporate governance i.e., the internal governance factors and their relationship with corporate financial crime and to find out whether their effectiveness as a corporate governance mechanism is still relevant in the prevention of corporate financial crime. The internal governance factors tested in the study are audit diligence, audit size, employee shares option scheme, managerial ownership and stand-alone risk management committee. The research was carried out by using a web-based data collection for corporate financial crime cases. The findings indicate a significant relationship between the existences of a stand-alone risk committee with corporate financial crime incidences. The result of the study serves as an empirical indicator for a firm’s consideration in deciding on the implementation of a stand-alone risk committee from its audit committee. Both the descriptive and correlation analyses produced by this paper provide new insights into the extent of corporate financial crime, as well as the empirical evidence of the effectiveness of having a stand-alone risk committee.
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Burlakov, Vladimir N., Lilia N. Plotkina, and Anna S. Shchurova. "Restrictions on the right to distribute information on the Internet in light of countering the spread of drugs." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 11, no. 3 (2020): 550–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2020.302.
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Digitalization has led not only to the expansion of the sphere of people’s communication space, but also to more effective illegal acts with substances that are prohibited from being circulated, in particular, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, their analogues, or precursors (hereinafter abbreviated as drugs). Today, drug distribution has “gone online”, and the state is forced to restrict the right to freedom of information in order to make such distribution unsafe for drug traffickers. The article assesses the state of crimes committed in this area and analyzes the problem of the additional criminalization of actions that contribute to the spread of drugs through the use of the Internet. It is emphasized that the Internet’s capabilities contribute to drug trafficking to varying degrees, and specific actions are highlighted that increase drug use among the population. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of the Internet in drug crimes requires stricter responsibility not only for the sale of drugs, but also in relation to persuasion, both by involving a particular person in their consumption and by promoting drug use. Attention is paid to the psychological mechanism of drug dependence, the study of which is important for the prevention of drug related crimes. The conclusion is substantiated that the tendency to use drugs through the use of the Internet generates a combination of addictive behavior, in which there is interaction and complementarity in the quality of the impact on the person from the Internet and drugs. As a result, “Internet addiction” develops as a relatively new area of addiction. This explains why the first victims of the new addiction are teenagers who are firmly “stuck in the Internet web”, and how the negative impact of this web can be reduced.
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Davey, Caroline L., and Andrew B. Wootton. "Integrating crime prevention into urban design and planning." Journal of Place Management and Development 9, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-09-2015-0043.
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Purpose This paper aims to understand the delivery of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) across Europe – from European-wide procedures through national schemes to effective local strategies. Design/methodology/approach The findings come from a review of published literature and reports, case studies and site visits conducted primarily during COST Action TU1203 (2013-2016). Findings Innovative approaches and methods to integrate crime prevention into urban design, planning and management have been generated by multi-agency partnerships and collaborations at European, national and city levels. Methods and procedures developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Working Group on “Crime Prevention through Urban Planning and Building Design” are pioneering. However, findings show that implementation is best achieved at a local level using methods and procedures tailored to the specific context. Research limitations/implications In-depth research is required to appreciate subtle differences between local approaches and conceptual models developed to better understand approaches and methods. Practical implications Practitioners and academics working to prevent crime benefit from participation in focused, multi-agency collaborations that, importantly, facilitate visits to urban developments, discussions with local stakeholders responsible for delivery “on the ground” and structured and sustained exploration of innovations and challenges. Originality/value The authors hope that this paper will contribute to developing a new direction for CPTED practice and research that builds on significant progress in creating safer environments over previous decades.
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Fedorov, A. V. "First Chapters of Yearly Reports of International Committee of Drug Control." Drug control 2 (May 30, 2010): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4160-2010-2-16-17.
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The article presents information on the activity of the International Committee of Drug Control with regard to preparation of yearly reports and recommendations for governments, UNO, UN Department for Drugs and Crime, World Health Organization and other international and regional organizations related to the issues of drug control.
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Nam, Seon-Mo. "An effective measures for Prevention of the spread of Drugs and crime." Correction Review 64 (September 30, 2014): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14819/krscs.2014.64.2.33.
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Zikhali, Whitehead. "Community Policing And Crime Prevention: Evaluating The Role Of Traditional Leaders Under Chief Madliwa In Nkayi District, Zimbabwe." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 8, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i4.1179.
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Community policing is a strategic consideration for contemporary policing, especially when police organisations worldwide increasingly seek cost-effective and sustainable methods of combating crime. The principle of community policing recognises the community and its leaders as equal partners in the prevention and reduction of crime. Hence, there is a need for research to interrogate how different police organisations have considered community policing as a panacea to their policing challenges. This study sought to evaluate the role of traditional leaders in community policing and crime prevention in the community of Chief Madliwa, Nkayi District in Matabeleland North Province of Zimbabwe. Interviews were carried out with eight village heads, four headmen and three key informants. Four focus group discussions were conducted to collect the villagers’ insight on the role of traditional leaders in community policing and crime prevention. Participants were identified using purposive and convenience sampling. The findings revealed that community policing is an effective strategy for crime prevention and that traditional leaders play a pivotal role in the success of community policing and crime prevention. Traditional leaders play an integral role in the recruitment of members of the Neighbourhood Watch Committee, assist with organising the business community to cooperate with the police in the fight against crime and play an important role in organising the community to attend crime awareness campaigns arranged by the police.
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Lisnevska, N. O. "Legal liability and risks during infusion therapy." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.2 (December 15, 2020): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.2-175-177.
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Background. The issue of legal liability is extremely important for all healthcare workers (HCW). HCW are solely responsible for medical violations during the performance of their professional duties. There is a misconception that in case of non-provision or error in the provision of medical care outside the medical institution, the HCW will be liable. However, this is not always so, as in this case the HCW is considered an ordinary citizen and bears ordinary civil liability.
Objective. To describe the legal aspects of MP liability, in particular, during infusion therapy (IT).
Materials and methods. Analysis of the legal framework.
Results and discussion. The public consciousness has formed the idea of the great responsibility of HCW for human life and health. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, people often do not care about their own health and do not take preventive measures, shifting all responsibility to HCW. Citizens have the right to receive health care and the right for the compensation of improper medical care and damage caused by the actions of the HCW. According to surveys, a lawsuit from a patient is the leading fear of HCW. This fear needs to be reduced, as the doctor and nurse should not be afraid of their patients. According to the objective model of liability, the HCW is guilty of the damage caused to the victim (patient), if the average citizen believes that the actions of HCW were the cause of the unfavorable course of events. This model is often used by domestic media, although in Ukraine it is not enshrined in law. For a long time, criminal liability for medical crimes has dominated Ukraine. Currently, there are criminal, administrative, disciplinary and civil kinds of liability. According to the criminal legislation of Ukraine, criminal liability arises for a crime that contains a crime according to the Criminal Code. Criminal activity contradicts the very essence of medical activity, so special attention is paid to such crimes. It should be noted that the intentional crimes committed by HCW are much less common than crimes of negligence. An important problem is that lawyers do not always understand the specifics of the nature of a medical crime. There are circumstances in which HCW are released from liability for a crime. These circumstances include actions of extreme necessity and actions in risk settings. Extreme necessity often takes place in urgent medical interventions. These circumstances often accompany emergency care in case of accidents, military problems and disasters.
IT is often a kind of experiment, because the drugs administered may be perceived differently by the patient, even with a normal previous history. Because treatment is often associated with risk, for example, in case of IT side effects, a nurse who continues to administer the drug on a protocol or off-protocol (subject to consultation with the patient and/or the board of physicians) will not be criminally liable. Similarly, a nurse will not be criminally liable in case of deciding to discontinue IT due to the patient’s deterioration. In such circumstances, the nurse should inform the physician of the situation as soon as possible and eliminate the danger to the patient as soon as possible. Cases in which the damage was caused intentionally for a useful purpose is a separate category of cases. This is most common in chemotherapy and in experimental studies. The HCW should take sufficient, in his opinion, and appropriate to his qualification measures to improve the patient’s condition. Sometimes nurses have to make decisions in time deficit, for example, as for measures for a patient with a psychiatric illness that threatens other people. In such cases, there is also no criminal liability, as the act was committed to save the lives and health of others.
Medical crimes are divided into professional and official. The first are directly related to the performance of professional duties (HIV/AIDS, illegal abortion, disclosure of personal information of the patient, violation of the patient’s rights, not providing medical care provision, etc.). It should be noted that the HCW cannot be blamed for not providing medical care if it does not meet his/her qualifications.
Conclusions. 1. HCW must know their rights and act for the benefit of patients. 2. Medical crimes are divided into professional and official. 3. There are situations in which HCW are released from criminal liability.
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Kim, Hak-bum. "A Study on an Autonomous Committee for Countermeasures against School Violence for CRIME Prevention." J-Institute 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/criminal.2019.4.1.07.
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Pasaribu, Restiana. "Fight Narcotics with Community Strengthening: Crime Control Management by Community Policing." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 3, no. 02 (December 9, 2018): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v3i02.27533.
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Drugs are the main enemy of nations in the world. Indonesia, it seems also has become a paradise for the generation of drugs. Various problems that occur in the community that can be resolved kinship will be resolved in RT Polmas assisted by community figures in the surrounding community. Thus, the empowerment of Polmas by Polrestabes Semarang city in the prevention of drug crime is crucial to be the main program Polrestabes Semarang city. The research location is in Polrestabes Semarang. This research emphasized that Policing Empowerment in Criminal Drugs Control is expected to provide active support to the Polmas to report it if there is any indication that the drug is involved in its territory and dare to disclose its circulation, arrest the dealer, the perpetrator and the producer. Cooperation and coordination and involvement of the above mentioned community participation must be optimally empowered, in order to support the success of the prevention of criminal acts of narcotics.
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Ivantsov, Sergey, Elina Sidorenko, Boris Spasennikov, Yuri Berezkin, and Yakov Sukhodolov. "Cryptocurrency-Related Crimes: Key Criminological Trends." Всероссийский криминологический журнал 13, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(1).85-93.
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The authors have analyzed crimes connected with the use of virtual currency in the regional and international aspects. They introduce a new category of «cryptocrime» understood as the aggregate of publically dangerous acts, united by their common systemic characteristics, committed against or using the products of distributed registries (cryptocurrency, tokens and other forms of digital financial assets). They analyze each of the cryptocrime segments separately: illegal trade in psychoactive substances (narcotics, psychoactive substances, precursors), pornography and other prohibited content (including illegal services); laundering of criminal proceeds; theft of cryptocurrency and tokens. Using the scientific research methods (comparative, sociological, statistical analysis and extrapolation of data, building a trend line, etc.) the authors identify regularities in the dynamics of each type of cryptocrime as well as key factors facilitating them. The goal of the authors is to conduct a systemic examination of crimes committed against and using cryptocurrency and to determine the prospects of developing different segments of cryptocrime. To achieve this goal, they analyze qualitative and quantitative characteristics of illegal trade in narcotics and pornography, legalization of criminal proceeds and theft of digital assets. They name the anonymity of cryptocurrency as a factor facilitating illegal trade in drugs, while the growing scope of the legalization of criminal proceeds and theft is facilitated by the fact that cryptocurrency and tokens do not have a legal status as objects of civil law and objects of encroachments on property. The analysis allows the authors to conclude that without effective criminological measures the level of such crimes will continue to grow and may double by the end of 2019. According to the authors, the priority directions of international criminal policy in the sphere of cryptocrime prevention include determining cryptocurrencies’ legal status, licensing cryptocurrency trade (stock exchange services, exchange platforms, companies issuing tokens), setting international standards of counteracting the legalization of criminal proceeds and the financing of terrorism, creating a cryptocrime database.
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Rifqi, Muhammad, and Ernalem Bangun. "DRUG CRIME AS A THREAT TO INDONESIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i3.871.
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<p>Drug crime—i.e. narcotic drug abuse, smuggling, and trafficking—is still a serious problem for many countries. In Indonesia, it is perceived as a threat to national security and Indonesians' well-being. It is not surprising, then, if the government of Indonesia declared war on drugs to preserve Indonesia's national security. The systemic measures to address the drugs problem formulated as an integrated program consists of eradication and prevention of drug smuggling and trafficking, and rehabilitation for the victims of drug abuse. This study discusses the implementation of the program as a part of maintaining national security, as well as its constraints and obstacles. Riau Islands Province was chosen as a case study. The data collection was conducted by in-depth interviews, focused group discussion, and literature studies. In analyzing the data, it uses the theory of drug abuse prevention to organize and to interpret the findings. The result of the analysis shows that several obstacles still hinder the effectiveness of the government's efforts in combating drug crime. In the eradication of narcotic drug smuggling and illicit trafficking, the main obstacles manifest in geographical challenges, regulatory constraints, and technological shortcomings. In the prevention of drug crime, the real effectiveness of socialization as the main tool of prevention is hard to be measured and evaluated. In the rehabilitation of drug abuse victims, the main obstacles are the low awareness of the community, the limited availability of counselors and other infrastructures, and the unsupportive legal system.</p>
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Yesufu, Shaka. "Harmonising Road Transport Legislation in the SADC Region for Crime Prevention." Insight on Africa 13, no. 1 (November 21, 2020): 28–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087820965165.
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The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an organisation that aims to facilitate cooperation between the governments of its Member States through a set of goals. SADC uses protocols as an instrument of coordination of its Member States on Transport, Communications and Meteorology endeavours to harmonise various aspects of traffic and transportation in the region. The researcher relies on carrying out an extensive literature review, consulting secondary data, official government publications and review of case studies. This article is informed by both the routine activity theory and situational crime prevention theory. It was found that the SADC regional body still has several barriers to overcome before a successful harmonisation stage to prevent crime will be achieved by Member States. Regional cooperation is needed amongst Member States to prevent organised borderless crime like human trafficking, drugs trafficking, fraud and money laundering, car-hijacking and terrorism.
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Donnelly, Patrick G., and Charles E. Kimble. "Community Organizing, Environmental Change, and Neighborhood Crime." Crime & Delinquency 43, no. 4 (October 1997): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128797043004006.
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This article addresses the effects of an urban neighborhood's response to a significant increase in crime, drugs, and other incivilities in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Residents organized a major effort to stabilize the neighborhood that included implementation of a defensible space plan. Comparisons of crime data and of residents' perceptions of crime between the pre- and postimplementation periods show significant improvements. The data provide greater support for the opportunity model of community crime prevention than for the community model. Cautions are provided regarding transplanting the same plan elsewhere.
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Chertoff, Michael, Professor John C. Coffee, and Professor Thomas Donaldson. "““Are We Really Getting Tough on White Collar Crime?”” Hearing Before Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs Senate Judiciary Committee (July 10, 2002)." Federal Sentencing Reporter 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2003.15.4.244.
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Popkin, Susan J., Lynn M. Olson, Arthur J. Lurigio, Victoria E. Gwiasda, and Ruth G. Carter. "Sweeping Out Drugs and Crime: Residents' Views of the Chicago Housing Authority's Public Housing Drug Elimination Program." Crime & Delinquency 41, no. 1 (January 1995): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128795041001005.
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Crime and disorder have been prevalent in public housing developments since the 1960s. Various attempts, ranging from physical design modifications to intensive law enforcement strategies, have been made to combat these problems. The Chicago Housing Authority's Public Housing Drug Elimination Program (PHDEP), an extensive anticrime initiative, involves sweeping buildings for drugs and weapons, improving security, removing unauthorized tenants, responding to residents' needs for services and maintenance, and implementing drug prevention and intervention programs. This study surveyed respondents' perceptions of PHDEP's effects on drugs and crime in two housing developments chosen for their preexisting differences in crime rates and population stability. Overall, respondents in the better organized development reported more favorable perceptions of PHDEP's impact. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and public policy.
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Ivshin, V. G. "CRIME IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC (2010-2020): TRENDS, PREVENTION MEASURES AND CRIMINOLOGICAL FORECAST." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 30, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-6-864-868.
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On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the operational situation in Udmurtia Republic, held the interior Ministry and the Investigative Department of the Investigation Committee of Russia for the Udmurt Republic, there was a trend of reduction, as well as qualitative changes in the structure of crime. Attention is drawn to the large growth of new types of theft and fraud, in particular, to the fact that a significant proportion of serious and especially serious mercenary crimes are so-called remote theft and fraud committed using information and telecommunications networks, primarily the Internet. This indicates a qualitative change in the structure of property crimes. There is a stable causal relationship between the quantitative diversity of modern information technologies and qualitative changes in the structure of crime. It is concluded that it is necessary to train highly professional employees of the internal Affairs bodies, including through the specialization of knowledge, skills and professional experience.
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Bekmagambetov, Alimzhan. "СRIME CONNECTED WITH TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS IN THE MIRROR OF VICTIMOLOGICAL STATISTICS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN." Administrative and Criminal Justice 2, no. 79 (June 30, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v2i79.2806.
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In article aimed on researching victimological aspects of the crime connected with trafficking in persons in the Republic of Kazakhstan through the prism of official statistics of the UN Committee on Drugs and Crime, the International Organization for Migration in Kazakhstan, the Commission on Human Rights under the President, the Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Accounts of the Prosecutor General's Office and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan. . The novelty of this publication is that the author for the first time in the country attempted a comprehensive study of diverse empirical material, doctrinal views, expert assessments of practitioners and the formulation of conclusions of a theoretical and applied nature. Тhe author comes to a conclusion about lack of a united integral victimological picture concerning the group of criminal acts connected «with human turnover». In the global plan, the opinion on further development of practices in the sphere of conceptual justification and the practical embodiment of victimological policy is supported.
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Quinn, Anthony. "Vehicle Crime, CPTED, and Offending under the Influence: A Qualitative Investigation of Offender Perceptions." Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 9, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030088.
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Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) can impact upon where an offender decides to commit an offence. This is particularly the case for street-level acquisitive crime. There has been little coverage, within research on crime and offending, of how aspects of the built environment might be interpreted by a motivated offender who has a dependency on either illicit drugs, alcohol or both of these. This study draws on qualitative interviews with twenty individuals who have received criminal convictions for vehicle crime offences. Within these offender interviews, images, of repeatedly victimised areas, were examined in order to gauge in what capacity various locations were vulnerable to vehicle crime. Through this examination, pertinent points were made by participants about how and why the appeal of locations could differ for offenders who suffer from substance addiction and offenders who do not. The key findings of this research demonstrate that vehicle crime offenders who are not dependent on drugs or alcohol, may be more risk-averse than those who are. Moreover, both types of offender might become part of organised crime networks, but these findings make an initial suggestion that those who offend under the influence are more vulnerable to coercion by a criminal hierarchy.
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Ramadhan, Muhammad, Dwi Oktafia Ariyanti, and Ridwan Arifin. "Optimization of Legal Education for Drugs Abuse Prevention in Tegalrejo District Yogyakarta." Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v1i2.33808.
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Drug abuse as an extraordinary crime is carried out by involving many countries and a very large network, including Indonesia and especially in the province of D.I. Yogyakarta, known as a student city. However, the predicate city of students cannot make the province of D.I. Yogyakarta free from the dangers of drugs, instead it is ranked as the first province in Indonesia with the most users. Thus the need for education and understanding provided to the community, especially in the Tegalrejo sub-district region, is expected to reduce the number of drug users. The educational activities carried out received enthusiasm from the residents of Tegalrejo, which was attended by many residents from various backgrounds, starting from community leaders, village officials and attended by local youth or youth. From legal education activities to the dangers of drugs, participants who participate in these activities can understand all kinds of forms and types of drugs, apart from that, they also get knowledge of the effects of the dangers of drugs and can find out the characteristics of users to be more aware of in social relations with others. The advice given is to collect suspicious migrant data and strengthen positive activities from village officials and youth organizations so that Tegalrejo sub-district is free from drug threats.
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Dvoretskiy, Mikhail. "Crime prevention through criminal liability of legal entities: problems of theory and law enforcement practice." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 14 (2020): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2020-4-14-216-224.
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We investigate the possibility of introducing criminal liability of legal entities in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. We analyze the provisions of regulatory enactment providing for this substantial reform. We consider initiatives and projects proposed by public authorities to amend and supplement domestic legislation. We examine the positions of reputable ex-perts, famous scientists and high-demand practitioners, who express opposite opinions on the initiated correlations and participating in the discussion. We analyze the provisions of the conventions of international organizations pro-viding for the introduction of criminal liability of legal entities in the legisla-tion of member states, due to involvement in corruption crimes, if bribery of foreign officials and corporate corruption were used. The work discusses the provisions of the bill of 2015 finalized by the Investigative Committee of Russia on the introduction of criminal liability for legal entities for the com-mission of crimes contained in the current thirty eight articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, to which Russian, as well as a number of foreign companies and international organizations represented and separate units. We draw conclusions and make suggestions for further improvement of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation.
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Siringoringo, Poltak. "A COUNTERMEASURE AGAINST INTERNATIONAL DRUG CRIMES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN CRIMINAL LAW." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.75.8243.
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Circulation and use of narcotics and illegal drugs are massive crimes and can be categorized as "extraordinary crime" and become common enemies of this nation and even other nations in the world. Campaign and the formation of public opinion about the dangers of drugs must be done massively on all layers of society. This is part of the handling of drug crimes in Indonesia. Communities must be given a proper understanding of the negative effects of drugs both for users/users, dealers, who produce and store. This understanding starts from several phases namely what is the phase of drug prevention in society? What is the phase if it is already using drugs and putting drug users as victims? what is the phase of law enforcement against drug crimes? These phases must be campaigned on a massive scale so that people understand that things related to drugs have more negative impacts than positive effects. Collaboration with the international community in dealing with the dangers of drugs must also be carried out because drug trafficking networks to enter Indonesia cannot be separated through inter-state lines. Countries in the world must have the same perception and understanding that narcotics are a serious crime and need to be taken seriously by law enforcement agencies between countries.
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Pether, Richard. "Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of benzodiazepine dependence." Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 9 (September 1993): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.9.556.
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The Substance Misuse Committee of the Mental Health Foundation has produced a booklet called Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Benzodiazepine Dependence. The problem addressed is twofold: encouraging and managing withdrawal, and preventing new cases of dependence. There is no room for complacency because although prescriptions for anxiolytics have halved over the past ten years, prescriptions for hypnotics are unchanged – now twice the number for anxiolytics. The average GP can expect to have about 50 long-term benzodiazepine users on his or her list. The long-term safety of these drugs is uncertain and there are side effects, e.g. memory impairment, ataxia and falls in the elderly, and road traffic accidents.
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Goddard, Chris. "Words, words, words: Even the parliamentarians are the very models of post-modernists." Children Australia 20, no. 4 (1995): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200006957.
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Words not only describe and define events, but also describe and define those who use them. Recent media coverage of the rescue of an American Air Force Captain from Serb-held Northern Bosnia, and the slaughter of a family in Melbourne by a severely disturbed man used the term ‘Rambo’ for both stories. In the same newspaper, the activities of child molesters in Asia were described under the heading ‘Child love’. The importance of the words used to describe assaults on children was recognised in a recent Victorian Crime Prevention committee report.
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Chaus, Andriy. "Activities of the national police as a subject of ensuring prevention of offenses in the field of illegal trafficking of drug substances, their analogues and precursors." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-5-119-124.
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The concept of administrative and legal counteraction to offenses in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors and the application by the National Police of Ukraine of various measures in the field of trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors are considered. The analysis of preventive measures and their features is carried out. The issue of the system of subjects of counteraction to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors is covered. The study deals with highlighting the problematic issues of crime prevention in the field of drug trafficking and combating violations in the field of anti-drug legislation. The issues of determining the mechanism of bringing to administrative responsibility for offenses in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, methods of counteracting violations in the field of anti-narcotics legislation, features of interaction of the system of subjects of counteraction to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, circulation control.
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Berge, Keith H., Kevin R. Dillon, Karen M. Sikkink, Timothy K. Taylor, and William L. Lanier. "Diversion of Drugs Within Health Care Facilities, a Multiple-Victim Crime: Patterns of Diversion, Scope, Consequences, Detection, and Prevention." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 87, no. 7 (July 2012): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.03.013.
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Madajczyk, Piotr. "Raphael Lemkin and West Germany’s Accession to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 28 (December 17, 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2020.28.14.
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On 20 December 1950, the Secretary General of the United Nations invited the Federal Republic of Germany to accede to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9 December 1948. For several reasons the West German authorities treated the Convention as a tool to conduct foreign policy. The ratification of the Convention by West Germany and the form in which it was to take place were also important for Lemkin. Lemkin’s aforementioned fears explain why it was so important to him that the German language version of the Convention did not include phrases that distorted its original connotation and bring it closer to the Nuremberg principles. After a meeting of the Bundestag Law Committee on 3 May 1954, the West German justice minister informed Lemkin about the course of the discussions and also informed him that most of the proposed amendments and changes were accepted.
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Senko, Viktoriya. "Causes and conditions of drug crime determination of prevention measures and elimination of negative consequences." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 4, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-4-347-351.
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The article is devoted to the analysis and generalization of the results of research on the state of combating drug crimes in Ukraine. The causes and conditions of drug addiction in terms of social phenomena in modern society are analyzed. Statistics on the commitment of crimes of drug trafficking are provided. Regarding some ways about improvement the fight against drug crimes are proposed. 23,163 cases of law violations in the field of drug trafficking and circulation of narcotic drugs were recorded in Ukraine during 2019. Among the general crime structure in Ukraine, drug trafficking crimes consistently take second place after crimes against property and has 12-14 % in total. This situation absolutely facilitates by the presence of organized crime in the country. Every year around 400 criminal groups and crime organizations are revealed, most of which are related to the illegal drug business. This fact indicates the group’s interest in the existence of such phenomena as drug addic-tion, to earn huge amount of money. Current situation is due of presence of an extensive network of drug trafficking both abroad and in the country. The reason of that is the fast development of excess profits (annual turnover of drug dollars in the world is over 500 billion US dollars, for Ukraine this number is about 1 billion US dollars). The public danger of drug trafficking is that it causes drug addiction of a huge part of the population of Ukraine, provokes the penetration of drug subculture on potential drug users, penetrates into educational institutions, the environment of gambling and entertainment business, it is related with general crime, contributes to HIV and AIDS. Unfortunately, presented information indicates that drug addiction and related drug businesses are potential threat to the national security of our country. There are not so many years for our country to correct current state, and to take under control the situation with drug trafficking, psychotropic substances, precursors and their analogues.
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Fyodorov, A. V. "Connection between Illegal Turnover of Drugs and Organized Crime: in Accordance with the Materials of the XII Congress of the UNO on Prevention of Crime and Criminal Justice (Salvador, Brazil, 12-19 April, 2010)." Drug control 4 (November 25, 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4160-2010-4-13-18.
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The article considers the issues of realization of the state anti-drug policy in Russia at the example of the Far-Eastern Federal District and analyses development of situation with drugs in this region in recent years.
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Türkössy, Anikó. "The meaning of money laundering in business life and prevention of it." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, no. 2 (May 12, 2014): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.2.106-108.
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Money laundering is the process whereby the proceeds of crime are transformed into ostensibly legitimate money or other assets. The actuality of the subject derives from the Select Committee on the Evaluation of Anti Money Laundering Measures aided by the Financial Action Task Force. Money obtained from certain crimes, such as extortion, drug trafficking, illegal gambling and tax evasion trough off shore companies as "dirty". The reason of the Committee program is to give aides to those countries which wore not FATF members as money laundering is the most profit yielding business on the world with it’s 2800 milliard USD turnover. This organization controls Hungary by supervising the law and overall actions giving a so called Progress Report about the achievements. In aspect of criminal affairs Money laundering includes all activities which achieve to transform the origin of funds coming from criminal activity as well as tax evasion activity into a legalized form. Money laundering as a phenomenon became a global problem in the second half of the 20th century parallel to sudden increase of drug trafficking. In the past few decades money laundering and the chain of criminal activities as underlying offences got into the scope of the leading economic states. Those activities of money laundering maximally exploit the free movement of capital and financial services. In both the economy and political life there is a need for having laws and regulations against money laundering which rigorously regulate the different financial, bank supervisory activities. According to estimations in the nineties three hundred billion dollars were circulating annually across the world in order to be laundered. Nowadays this figure is well over thousand billion dollars.
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Kurillova, Zuzana, Lukas Fischer, and Thomas Hoch. "Behaver - Behavioural Patterns Verification for Prevention of Physical Penetration Using Identity Theft." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2018.2.78-82.
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Nowadays every provider of critical infrastructure is obliged to use alarm systems - mainly simple surveillance CCTV cameras - to increase security and safety of those objects. Yet such systems have proven ineffectual in preventing security disrupting situations, such as identity theft, as the most they can do is offer evidence to identify perpetrators of criminal acts once they have occurred. To use them for crime prevention, specially trained personnel need to monitor all screens constantly on the look-out for potentially dangerous activity - which is financially and time-consuming and prone to mistakes. This study aims at developing semi-automatic video surveillance technologies, which are able to detect events of changed behaviour of employees in relation to their standard behaviour - this means for example cases of identity theft, possible blackmail of a person, or safety disrupting cases - an employee might be sick or under influence of drugs what may lead to potentially dangerous acts.
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Dewi, Chloryne. "COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIMES WITHIN ASEAN WATERS: ASEAN WAY VS. RULE OF LAW." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v3i1.334.
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AbstractThe strategic geographical situation of ASEAN waters, making this area often misused as a transportation method by the perpetrators of transnational organized crimes (TOC). Most cases are people smuggling, human trafficking, illicit drugs and even slavery. Recently, it is found that those crimes are often committed in one vessel accompanying illegal fishing. ASEAN countries are state parties to the Palermo Convention on Trans Organized Crimes and its protocols. In addition, they also bound with regional legal instruments such as on human trafficking, counter terrorism and mutual legal assistance. Nonetheless, crimes do not stop. Cases are often settled by diplomatic measures instead of law enforcement by the spirit of ASEAN Way. This brings vagueness and confusion among law enforcement officers, should ASEAN Way neglect the rule of law? Hence, the objective of the research is to examine the situation and give recommendations on legal models in the prevention and law enforcement of TOC within ASEAN waters. The author compared the EU's legal system and mechanism in combating the crimes within regional perspective. Research found that political approach is somehow prevailing by the virtue of ASEAN Way. Furthemore, this ASEAN Way seems to justify the weakness of ASEAN Countries in law enforcement in preventing as well as combating TOC in ASEAN waters. Although the EU is not an apple to apple regional organisation compared with ASEAN, they have similar legal framework and mechanism to combat TOC. Hence, we can be optimistic that the rule of law in ASEAN should be prioritized and not contravene with ASEAN Way. Keywords: ASEAN Way, law enforcement, regional cooperation, rule of law, trans-national organized crimes.
AbstrakLokasi geografis perairan negara-negara ASEAN yang strategis seringkali disalahgunakan oleh para pelaku kejahatan transnasional terorganisir sebagai media transportasi. Berbagai kejahatan yang terjadi di wilayah perairan ini diantaranya penyelundupan manusia, perdagangan manusia, penyelundupan narkotika, penyelundupan flora fauna langka yang dilindungi dan bahkan perbudakan. Dalam perkembangannya ditemukan fakta bahwa kejahatan-kejahatan tersebut tidak berdiri sendiri melainkan dilakukan bersamaan dengan penangkap ikan ilegal. Negara-negara ASEAN adalah pihak terhadap Konvensi Palermo tentang Kejahatan Terorganisir dan protokol-protokol yang menyertainya. Artinya, mereka terikat dengan kewajiban untuk mengimplementasikan instrumen tersebut diantaranya dalam tindakan pencegahan dan penegakan hukum. Selain itu, negara-negara ASEAN juga terikat dengan berbagai instrumen regional misalnya terkait perdagangan manusia, terorisme dan bantuan timbal balik. Namun kejahatan masih terus terjadi. Berbagai kasus diselesaikan secara diplomatis dilandasi semangat ASEAN Way daripada penegakan hukum. Hal ini menimbulkan ketidakjelasan dan kebingungan di antara para penegak hukum, apakah semangat ASEAN Way lebih diutamakan daripada penegakkan hukum? Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi situasi yang terjadi dan menganalisanya guna memperoleh masukan berupa model terbaik dalam rangka pencegahan dan penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan transnasional terorganisir. Penulis melakukan perbandingan dengan kerangka hukum dan mekanisme di EU untuk mengambil praktik terbaik. Hasil riset menyatakan bahwa pendekatan politis lebih diutamakan di ASEAN atas landasan ASEAN Way. Sehingga hal ini seolah menjadi pembenaran bagi lemahnya perlindungan dan penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan transnasional terorganisir oleh negara-negara di ASEAN. Meskipun EU dapat dianggap bukan pembanding yang seimbang, namun EU memiliki kemiripan kerangka hukum dan mekanisme dengan ASEAN dalam pencegahan dan penanganan TOC. Oleh karenanya, penulis optimis bahwa pendekatan hukum perlu diprioritaskan dan hal ini tidak bertentangan dengan ASEAN Way.
Kata kunci: ASEAN Way, kejahatan di laut, kejahatan transnasional terorganisir, kerjasama regional, penegakan hukum, rule of law.
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Jørs, Erik, Mette Christoffersen, Nikoline Høgsgaard Veirum, Guido Condarco Aquilar, Rafael Cervantes Morant, and Flemming Konradsen. "Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012: pesticides are the preferred method – females try but males commit suicide!" International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 26, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0309.
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Abstract Background: Suicide attempts and suicides constitute a significant burden on communities and health systems, especially in low income countries. However, many low income countries lack epidemiological information on which to base future preventive strategies. This study reports on gender and age profiles as well as the likely background and means used for suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia. Method: This study presents 1124 cases from four different sources of information: (i) emergency ward data with suicide attempts by poisoning from the year 2007, (ii) psychiatric ward data including suicide attempts from July 2011 to July 2012, (iii) newspaper articles reporting attempted suicides and suicides from 2009 to 2011, and (iv) the National Statistics on Crime reporting suicides from the years 2010–2011. Data on age was stratified into three age groups: adolescents aged 10–19 years, young adults aged 20–29 years, and older adults aged above 29 years. Data from the hospital wards and Crime Statistics were pooled to compare characteristics of suicide attempts with suicides concerning age and gender. Data on age, gender, methods used, and reasons were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. Results: Hospital data showed that more females (403/657, 61%) than males (254/657, 39%) attempted suicide, and females attempted suicide at a younger age than males (p<0.05). In contrast to this, more males (208/293, 70.5%) than females (85/293, 29.5%) committed suicide, and furthermore it was most prevalent among young adults aged 20–29 years of both genders, as observed from the Crime Statistics. The dominant method was pesticide poisoning varying from 400 out of 657 (70.5%) of the hospital poisoning cases to 65 out of 172 (37.8%) of the newspaper cases. Newspaper data showed a higher mortality rate (65/77, 85.1%) among those using violent methods such as hanging and jumping compared to non-violent methods (43/84, 50.9%) such as ingesting chemicals and drugs (p<0.05). The reasons were related to interpersonal problems, economic problems, depression, and unwanted pregnancies. Many cases of suicide seemed to be hidden due to cultural and religious reasons. Conclusion: More females attempted suicide, whereas more males realized suicide. Suicide attempts were most numerous among adolescents in contrast to suicides being most prevalent in the older age groups. Self-poisoning with pesticides was the most popular method used. Access to potential suicide materials should be restricted and psychosocial interventions initiated to prevent suicides.
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Kovalenko, V. M., and E. G. Nesukay. "Risk determination, diagnosis and prevention of cardiotoxicity with chemotherapeutic medications and radiation therapy Guidelines of the Ukrainian Association of Cardiology." Ukrainian Journal of Cardiology 27, no. 6 (February 4, 2021): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31928/1608-635x-2020.6.7181.
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The recommendations were developed by the Ukrainian Association of Cardiology based on the expert opinion and recommendation documents of the Heart Failure Association, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), the Cardiooncology Committee of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), American Echocardiographic Society. They focus on risk assessment, diagnostic and prophylactic approaches to reduce cardiovascular toxicity due to the use of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy in patients with cancer. Intended for cardiologists, therapists, family physicians, oncologists, researchers, teachers of higher medical education and postgraduate education.
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Kuhns, Joseph B. "The Dynamic Nature of the Drug Use/Serious Violence Relationship: A Multi-Causal Approach." Violence and Victims 20, no. 4 (August 2005): 433–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.20.4.433.
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Relying on historical research, a longitudinal data set, and multivariate analyses, the drug-violence relationship is scrutinized. A proposed model is tested and supported, indicating that attitudes toward violence, gender, neighborhood problems, minor delinquency, and victimization were persistent correlates that must be considered within the drug-violence relationship. Parental attachment and importance, exposure to delinquent peers, and drug dealing were also important. Both licit and illicit drug use were significant within the models, although the relationship changed from year to year. In year 1, youth who used drugs reported more violence. In year 2, youth who were not using drugs reported more violence. Association with delinquent peers and initial involvement in drug dealing were likely explanations for this transition. Findings offer support for prevention efforts that disrupt drug markets and target male youth who are involved in crime and drugs, repeated1y victimized, associating with delinquent peers, and developing attitudes favorable toward the use of violence.
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Gotchina, Larisa Vladimirovna, Dmitry Mikhailovich Kokin, Victoria Vyacheslavovna Semenova, Leonid Vasilievich Serdyuk, and Pavel Leonidovich Serdyuk. "Pandemic as an additional criminality factor." SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110803014.
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The prerequisite for the study was the emerging new “coronavirus” disease, viewed as a criminality factor. The objective of the study is to identify new characteristics of crime in the context of the incidence of coronavirus in the population, to identify its highly latent types, to reflect the dynamics. The following methods were used to achieve the objective: analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistical method, content analysis, method of expert assessments. The results of the work were the revealed patterns of crime in the sphere of illegal circulation of drugs, weapons, and domestic violence. The novelty is the identification of highly latent types of crime during a pandemic and its characteristic features. Issues related to the prevention of domestic violence during a pandemic with the participation of law enforcement agencies and guardianship authorities in this work were considered. The draft laws “On responsibility for domestic violence” and “On restricting the removal of children from the family” were discussed, recommendations for their improvement were provided. Attention is focused on the practicability of strengthening preventive measures in the fight against domestic violence to preserve families and ensure the interests of children. An increase in the number of drug crimes was revealed during the pandemic, both in Russia and abroad. The Russian drug market is experiencing a shortage of smuggled drugs. It is reoriented to synthetic drugs with new underground drug laboratories being opened. The main contingent of attraction to drug use is still young people and adolescents, the main method – using Internet technologies. The increase in the number of crimes in the sphere of illegal arms trafficking was provoked by the factor of fear, due to the presence of the threat of becoming a victim of selfish and violent crimes. The consequence is consumer panic and an increase in the need of the Russian population for self-defense.
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Смирнов, Александр Михайлович. "Characteristics of the condemned - victims of the incredible application of physical power and (or) special means." Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, no. 2(39) (June 20, 2019): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.53993/2078-3914/2019/2(39)/100-105.
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В статье представлена характеристика осужденных - жертв неправомерного применения физической силы и (или) специальных средств, включающая в себя основные уголовно-правовые и уголовно-исполнительные признаки данных осужденных, учитывание которых может оказать научно-методическую помощь в выработке оптимальных мер по профилактике подобного применения. Автор приходит к выводу, что эти осужденные характеризовались за время отбывания наказания в целом отрицательно. Ими являются мужчины зрелого возраста, с низким уровнем образования, повторно осужденные за преступления против собственности, жизни и здоровья, в сфере незаконного оборота оружия и наркотических средств, частично признавшие вину в совершенном преступлении, содержащиеся в исправительных колониях строгого режима, для лиц, ранее отбывавших лишение свободы, негативно относящиеся к порядку и условиям отбывания наказания, в связи с чем поставленные на профилактический учет по основаниям, связанным с проявлениями отрицательной реакции на установленные режимные требования, избегающие выполнять возложенные на них в процессе отбывания наказания обязанности, не стремящиеся к исправлению, положительно относящиеся к проявлениям криминальной субкультуры, поддерживающие и пропагандирующие ее среди осужденных. Для обеспечения эффективности воспитательной работы с ними необходимы методы принуждения. Эти осужденные отличаются весьма негативными психологическими характеристиками. The article describes the characteristics of convicts - victims of the unlawful use of physical force and (or) special means, including the main criminal law and criminal executive signs of data of convicted persons, taking into account which can provide scientific and methodological assistance in developing optimal measures to prevent such use. The author comes to the conclusion that these convicts were characterized during the period of serving the sentence as a whole negatively. They are men of mature age, with a low level of education, re-convicted of crimes against property, life and health, in the sphere of illicit trafficking in weapons and narcotic drugs, who partially pleaded guilty of the crime committed, in the correctional colonies of strict regime for those who have previously served imprisonment, negatively related to the order and conditions of serving the sentence, in connection with which they are put on a preventive record on the grounds related to manifestations of a negative reaction to tanovlenii security requirements, avoiding to carry out their process of serving the sentence duties without seeking to correct positively related to the manifestations of the criminal subculture, supports and promotes it among the convicts. To ensure the effectiveness of educational work with them, coercive methods are necessary. These convicts are distinguished by very negative psychological characteristics.
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Hughes, K. Michael, Devan Griner, Michelle Guarino, Bernie Drabik-Medeiros, and Kristy Williams. "A Second's Chance: Gang Violence Task Force Prevention Program." American Surgeon 78, no. 1 (January 2012): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481207800142.
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We describe a gang violence intervention and define targets for prevention. At-risk youths were identified through courts, public schools, and law enforcement regarding gang-related activities. They participated in “A Second's Chance,” a true-to-life mock emergency department resuscitation and death of a gang member provided over an 18-month period. A questionnaire was completed by each participant. Forty-nine youths identified as at risk for gang involvement participated (37 male and 12 female, P < 0.001). Average age was 14.5 years (range, 10 to 19 years); 32 were black, 9 Hispanic, 6 white, and 2 other ( P < 0.05). Seventeen (35%) had prior arrests ( P = 0.059), 13 (77%) of whom had multiple arrests ( P < 0.05). Forty-one (84%) reported a family member jailed ( P < 0.001). Forty-two (86%) witnessed neighborhood criminal drug activity ( P < 0.001). Household leadership was predominately maternal (24 [49%], ( P < 0.05). Forty-four (90%) participants provided positive meaningful responses to the intervention ( P < 0.001). Gang violence prevention should be channeled through maternal family members. History of incarcerated relatives, acquaintances, and neighborhood exposure to drugs and crime may represent additional risk factors for gang-related involvement. Demonstrations of gang violence scenarios raise awareness to consequences of gang-related activities. Family and neighborhood characteristics should be included in development of intervention scenarios.
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Zykin, Boris. "GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENCES IN THE FIELD OF DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES’ TRAFFICKING." Administrative and Criminal Justice 3, no. 88 (December 30, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v3i88.4314.
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Drug addiction is an extremely acute social problem and it attracts the attention of both legal scholars and practitioners. This is due to the fact that the improvement of the measures’ system aimed at preventing and stopping the spread of the drugs and psychotropic substances requires the joint efforts of specialists in various fields.Despite a slight decrease in crime rates, a study of the current state of the administrative and legal measures’ application aimed at preventing and stopping the unauthorized distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances shows that these measures do not yet sufficiently provide solutions for increasing the activity and effectiveness of the struggle against drug addiction, prevention and elimination of this phenomenon’s socially dangerous consequences.The struggle against drug abuse by administrative and legal measures needs to be improved and must correspond to the prevailing socio-economic conditions. In this regard, the application of administrative and legal measures aimed at preventing and stopping the spread of drugs and psychotropic substances in our country requires further theoretical study of issues related to their concept, purpose and implementation.