Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drugs and infants

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Drugs and infants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Drugs and infants"

1

McIlleron, Helen, and Hermien Gous. "Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in infancy." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v10i4.260.

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Infancy (from birth until 1 year of age) is a time of rapid changes within the body of a child. These changes affect pharmacokinetics in many ways. The CHER study1 showed that early antiretroviral treatment reduces mortality and disease progression amongst infants acquiring HIV infection before 12 weeks of age. As a result the World Health Organization has recently revised treatment initiation recommendations in children less than one year of age: all infants under 12 months of age with confirmed HIV infection should be started on antiretroviral therapy, irrespective of clinical or immunological stage2. Dosing in infants is challenging because drug concentrations are highly variable, there is frequently scant pharmacokinetic information in young children, and few suitable drug formulations are available. Furthermore, adherence to treatment is reliant on the caregiver, rather than the patient. Peri- and postnatal HIV transmission are reduced by maternal highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). However, the benefits and risks to breast fed infants of exposure to maternal antiretroviral drugs during lactation are poorly understood. In this article we review the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs relevant to South African infants, and highlight some of the challenges to delivering antiretroviral treatment in safe and effective doses.
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Mayes, Linda C., Marc H. Bornstein, Katarzyna Chawarska, O. Maurice Haynes, and Richard H. Granger. "Impaired regulation of arousal in 3-month-old infants exposed prenatally to cocaine and other drugs." Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 1 (1996): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006957.

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AbstractThis study investigated relations between drug exposure, particularly cocaine, and infants' regulation of arousal in response to novelty. Sixty-three infants — 36 cocaine exposed and 27 non-cocaine exposed — participated at 3 months of age in a novel-repeat stimulus presentation procedure. Arousal was operationalized in terms of infant behavioral state, affective expressiveness, and attention to the stimulus. Infants were tested and infant behaviors were scored by experimenters blind to the drug exposure status of the infant. There were no differences between the two groups in baseline behavioral state or affective expression before the presentation of novel stimuli. Compared to the non-cocaine-exposed group, infants exposed prenatally to cocaine and other drugs were more likely to exhibit a crying state and to display negative affect on novel stimulus presentations. There were no group differences in the amount of looking toward the stimulus. Both groups showed less crying and negative affect when stimuli were presented a second time, but decrements were consistently greater for the cocaine-exposed group. These results obtained when group differences were controlled for sociodemographic and perinatal variables. Sources of differences in the regulation of arousal in cocaine-exposed and non-cocainc-exposed infants are discussed, and impairments in the regulation of arousal in cocaine-exposed infants are considered in a framework of predictive implications for children's social and cognitive development.
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WINK, DIANE M. "Giving Infants and Children Drugs." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 16, no. 6 (November 1991): 317???322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-199111000-00006.

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Iqbal Bhutta, Tariq, and OmarS Khwaja. "Anti-motility drugs for infants." Lancet 336, no. 8710 (August 1990): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)91850-a.

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Pellock, Jack. "Antiepileptic drugs trials: Neonates and infants." Epilepsy Research 68, no. 1 (January 2006): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.09.017.

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Hans, Sydney L., and Sandra S. Snook. "Sudden Infant Death in infants exposed to opioid drugs in utero." Infant Behavior and Development 9 (April 1986): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(86)80163-1.

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Lima, Roberta Elian de, Andrezza Aparecida Aleixo, Lúcio Borges Araújo, Camila Piqui Nascimento, and Vivian Mara Gonçalves de Oliveira Azevedo. "Neuropsychomotor development characteristics of the infants who born from women who abused drugs during pregnancy." Journal of Human Growth and Development 28, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.134374.

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Introduction: The use of street drugs during pregnancy, due to their deleterious effects on the health of the infant, may have clinical implications for neuropsychomotor development. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of the neuropsychomotor development of infants born from women who used street drugs during pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out. A total of 51 medical records of infants weighing less than 1.500 grams, who were born in the Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HC/UFU), Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January 2014 to December 2015 were analysed. Using the Development Screening test Denver II at 6 or 9 months of corrected age performed the neuropsychomotor development evaluation. Statistical analysis included quantitative variables that were described by means of average, medians and standard deviation. Groups were compared by the t test or Mann-Whitney test. The associations of the qualitative variables were evaluated by means of the likelihood ratio test. Results: Of the 51 records analysed, 39.2% belong to the group of children of mothers who used street drugs and 60.8% belong to the group of children of nonuser mothers. The neuropsychomotor development was predominantly abnormal and with a significant difference in the general performance classification (p<0.001) and, specifically, in the coarse motor area (p = 0.003) in the group of infants born to mothers who used street drugs. Conclusion: Infants of mothers who used street drugs had a greater delay in neuropsychomotor development.
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van den Berg, Hendrik, John N. van den Anker, and Jos H. Beijnen. "Cytostatic drugs in infants: A review on pharmacokinetic data in infants." Cancer Treatment Reviews 38, no. 1 (February 2012): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.03.005.

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Schramm, Diana B., Fiona Anthony, Busani Mathebula, Gayle Sherman, Ashraf Coovadia, Glenda E. Gray, Louise Kuhn, and Caroline T. Tiemessen. "Effect of Maternal HIV-1 Status and Antiretroviral Drugs on Haematological Profiles of South African Infants in Early Life." Open AIDS Journal 4, no. 1 (August 12, 2010): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601004010156.

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Maternal HIV-1 status and antiretroviral drug exposure may influence the haematological profiles of infants. We recruited infants from 118 uninfected control women and from 483 HIV-1 infected women who received no antiretroviral drugs (n=28), or received single-dose Nevirapine (sdNVP) (n=424) or triple-drug combination therapy (n=31) to reduce HIV-1 transmission. Blood was drawn from infants within 24 hours of delivery or 6-12 weeks post-delivery and full blood counts performed using a fully automated AcT-5-diff haematology analyser and reference controls. Exposed uninfected (EU; no NVP) differed from control infants only in having lower basophil counts and percentages. In all infant groups, leukocyte profiles showed characteristic quantitative changes with age in the first 6 weeks of life. HIV-1 infected infants displayed by 6 weeks elevations in white blood cells, lymphocyte, monocyte and basophil counts, and monocyte and basophil percentages, when compared to EU infants. At birth EU NVP-treated infants exhibited elevated monocyte percentages and counts and basophil counts that did not persist at 6 weeks. Interestingly, EU newborns of mothers with high CD4 counts (> 500 cells/μl) that had taken sdNVP had significantly elevated white blood cell, monocyte and basophil counts when compared to newborn infants of mothers with similar CD4 counts that had not taken sdNVP; this was not evident in infants of mothers with CD4 counts <200 cells/μl. These previously undescribed features may affect immune response capability in early life and clinical consequences of such changes need to be further investigated.
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Kohane, Daniel S., Wudbhav N. Sankar, Maria Shubina, Delphine Hu, Rifai Nader, and Charles B. Berde. "Sciatic Nerve Blockade in Infant, Adolescent, and Adult Rats." Anesthesiology 89, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 1199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199811000-00021.

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Background Ropivacaine is a newly introduced local anesthetic. No data are available regarding its safety, efficacy, or sensory-selectivity in children. The sciatic block duration and systemic toxicity of bupivacaine and ropivacaine were compared among infant, adolescent, and adult rats. Methods Infant, adolescent, and adult rats received blocks with ropivacaine or bupivacaine. Nociceptive, proprioceptive, and motor blockade were assessed. Systemic effects (contralateral leg analgesia, seizures, respiratory distress, apnea) were quantified. Plasma local anesthetic concentrations were measured at terminal apnea. Results Nerve blockade for a given absolute dose lasted longer in infants than in older rats for both drugs. Block duration from ropivacaine generally was the same as or slightly shorter than bupivacaine. There was no difference in sensory-selectivity between the drugs. Doses required to induce all systemic toxicity indices were inversely related to age (e.g., the lethal dose in 50% of animals [LD50] of ropivacaine in infants is 155 mg/kg; in adults it is 54 mg/kg). All indices of toxicity occurred at higher doses per kilogram for ropivacaine than bupivacaine, at all ages (e.g., the LD50 of bupivacaine in infants is 92 mg/kg; in adults it is 30 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations at terminal apnea were higher for ropivacaine than for bupivacaine at all ages, and were higher in infants than in older rats. Conclusions Ropivacaine resembles bupivacaine in its local anesthetic effects but has a greater margin of safety. For a given absolute dose, sciatic blockade in infant rats lasts longer than in adolescents or adults. Although the doses (in milligrams per kilogram) causing toxicity were much higher in infants than in adults, this probably does not correspond to a wider therapeutic index.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drugs and infants"

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Proctor-Williams, Kerry, and Brenda Louw. "Infants and Children Prenatally Exposed to Drugs: Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1814.

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Moretti, Myla Emily. "Prospective follow-up of infants exposed to 5-aminosalicylic acid containing drugs through maternal milk." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0010/MQ40845.pdf.

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Veneranda, Ana Lucia Feitosa. "Use of potentially-nephrotoxic drugs in pediatic patients: prevalence, risk factores and prevention." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=334.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Kidneys are vulnerable to chemical agent-induced injuries. Children (neonates and infants) are a particular at risk age group because they have renal functions less developed than that of adults. The exposure of children to medicines considered to be nephrotoxic agents - namely the aminoglycosides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory drugs - should be avoided whenever possible. Hospitalized children are pointed out to be the group at greatest risk of nephrotoxicity due to their high level of exposure to these medicines as well as the frequent and improper use of non standardized medicines in this age range. To determine the prevalence of use of potentially-nephrotoxic drugs (PND) and the frequency of concomitant risk factors in hospitalized children younger than 2 years old in a medical ward in a pediatric hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. A prospective, observational, follow-up study was developed. All children younger than 2 years old admitted to the general ward were included and followed-up. Sociodemographic data, pathological and pharmacotherapeutic antecedents were recorded, as well as information about the use of drugs and the attendance of risk factors for nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycosides, NSAID and ACE inhibitors. Also, the occurrence of adverse events was identified. Data was taken from medical records and interviews with the mothers of the children. Statistical analysis involved cumulative frequency, cumulative percentage, central tendency measures, Student âtâ test and ANOVA. During the study period (September/2005 to March/2006), 120 admissions were recorded. Three patients were excluded because of incomplete data. The results represented 117 admissions that affected 103 different children. The prevalence of the use of PND was 96,6%. A total of 1065 drugs were used, 69% with potential intrinsic nephrotoxicity based on available literature. The mean number of PND used was 6,3 Â 4,0 per patient. The PND most frequently used were: metamizole (10,1%), ranitidine (6,2%) and prednisone (5,1%). Around 18% of children used aminoglycosides, 65,8% and 4,3% had taken NSAID and ACE inhibitory drugs respectively. A total of 368 risk factors for nephrotoxicity were detected (3,5Â1,8 risk factors/patient). The most frequent factors were: the use of at least one PND (30,7%), the use of 2 or more PND (28,3%) and the use of NSAID concomitantly with that of potassium-rich salt substitutes(10%).The PND use was considered high when compared with published data from this studied age group. The frequency of risk factors for nephrotoxicity also reached considerable levels. It would be important to know if there exist safer therapeutic alternatives and what preventative measures could be adopted in each case. The contribution of a clinical pharmacist to a safe pharmacotherapy for hospitalized children would be a strategy for reducing PND-associated risk.
Os rins sÃo bastante vulnerÃveis a danos produzidos por agentes quÃmicos. Dentre as substÃncias nefrotÃxicas estÃo os medicamentos, os quais merecem destaque devido à ampla exposiÃÃo aos mesmos. Alguns grupos, como aminoglicosÃdeos, antiinflamatÃrios nÃo-esteroidais (AINE) e inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA) sÃo muito conhecidos pelo seu potencial nefrotÃxico intrÃnseco. As crianÃas menores (neonatos e lactentes) sÃo dignas de atenÃÃo especial no que se refere a essa questÃo, porque freqÃentemente usam medicamentos e, alÃm disso, a capacidade funcional de seus rins à menor do que a dos adultos. A melhor maneira de tratar a questÃo da nefrotoxicidade à prevenindo-a. Determinar a prevalÃncia de uso de medicamentos potencialmente nefrotÃxicos (MPN) e observar a presenÃa de condiÃÃes que favorecem ao desenvolvimento da nefrotoxicidade (fatores de risco) em crianÃas menores de dois anos de idade internadas em enfermaria geral de um hospital pediÃtrico em Fortaleza â Brasil. Estudo observacional, prospectivo, de seguimento de pacientes. Todas as crianÃas menores de dois anos admitidas na enfermaria âEâ foram incluÃdas e monitorizadas. InformaÃÃes sociodemogrÃficas, antecedentes patolÃgicos e farmacolÃgicos foram registrados, bem como informaÃÃes sobre o uso de medicamentos, presenÃa de fatores de risco para nefrotoxicidade associada a aminoglicosÃdeo, AINE e IECA, e ocorrÃncia de eventos adversos. Os dados foram coletados dos prontuÃrios mÃdicos e atravÃs de entrevista com os responsÃveis pelas crianÃas, sendo analisados estatisticamente usando medidas de freqÃÃncia, tendÃncia central e os testes âtâ de Students e Anova. Durante o perÃodo de estudo (setembro/2005 a marÃo/2006), ocorreu um total de 120 admissÃes na enfermaria; trÃs dos pacientes foram excluÃdos do estudo porque tinham dados incompletos. Os resultados se referem a 117 admissÃes correspondentes a 103 crianÃas. A prevalÃncia de uso de MPN foi de 96,6%. Do total de 1065 itens de prescriÃÃo consumidos, 68,6% tinham potencial nefrotÃxico intrÃnseco. O nÃmero mÃdio de MPN utilizados foi 6,3  4,0 por paciente. Dentre os MPN mais usados estavam: dipirona (10,1%), ranitidina (6,2%) e prednisona (5,1%). Dois por cento das crianÃas usaram aminoglicosÃdeos, 7,3% usaram AINE e 0,8% utilizaram IECA. Foram detectados 368 fatores de risco para nefrotoxicidade, com uma mÃdia de 3,15  1,8 fatores de risco/paciente. Os fatores de risco mais freqÃentes foram: uso de, no mÃnimo, um MPN (30,7% do total de fatores); uso de 2 ou mais MPN concomitantemente (28,3%) e o uso de AINE concomitante ao uso de suplementos de potÃssio (10%). O uso de MPN na faixa etÃria estudada foi considerado elevado. A freqÃÃncia de fatores de risco para nefrotoxicidade tambÃm ocorreu em nÃveis preocupantes. Seria importante conhecer se existiam alternativas mais seguras em cada caso e que medidas preventivas poderiam ser adotadas. A inclusÃo do farmacÃutico clÃnico na atenÃÃo a crianÃas hospitalizadas seria uma estratÃgia com grande potencial de impacto na reduÃÃo de riscos associados aos MPN.
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Horstman, Emily, Kelsi Sanders, Makaela Nava-Sifuentes, Spencer Townsend, Caroline H. Bowman, Kerry Proctor-Williams, and Niki Carder. "Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Who Receives SLP Services in the NICU?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/195.

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Introduction Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a health condition in infants that results from the sudden discontinuation of substances that infants were exposed to in utero (Kocherlakota, 2014). Typical symptoms include: hyperirritability, sweating, hypertension, tremors, sleep deprivation, and seizures (Kocherlakota, 2014). The role of a SLP in treating infants with NAS in the NICU includes evaluation, assessment, and treatment of the feeding cycle. Our research is an early exploratory and descriptive study of the pre-natal, peri-natal, and post-natal characteristics of infants with NAS who required SLP assessment and intervention as opposed to those who did not. Our aim was to examine possible predictors of infants with feeding and swallowing difficulties. Methods Data was collected from a local hospital system that conducted a five-year retrospective chart review study. From charts of 140 infants in the NICU, infants were placed into two groups: infants who received SLP services (SLP group) and infants who did not receive SLP services (NSLP group). From those charts, 26 infants with NAS who received SLP services were placed in SLP group based on the availability of a match in NSLP group. Infants in both groups were matched based on gestational age, year of birth, and gender. Results/Conclusion There were no significant differences found between SLP group and NSLP groups in: number of prenatal visits, week/timing of initial prenatal visit, and dosage of buprenorphine taken by the mother. The two groups did not differ (all ps>.18) in their types of drug use, average dosage of buprenorphine taken, average number of prenatal visits, or average week of first visit. There was a statistically significant difference in maternal age in the SLP group (p<.05; M=29.7 years, SD=5.4) and in NSLP group (M=26.7 years, SD=4.3.). There was no statistically significant difference in initial measurements of weight, head circumference, length, Apgar scores at birth, and number of complications between groups. There were no significant differences found in NAS scores between groups regarding the highest NAS score or average NAS score, number of NAS scores and first day of collection or number of days collected. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of prescription drugs administered. Infants in SLP group had more prescription drugs on average (M=1.50, SD=.89) than NSLP group (M=1.04, SD=.20). There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of weight gained (SLP group gained 229 more grams) and in infant length of stay and overall cost (SLP group on average stayed in the NICU one week longer and cost $22,896 more). Little research has been conducted regarding NAS and the impact it has on feeding and swallowing. We found that there are statistically significant differences among infants who were in SLP and NSLP groups. It cannot be determined how many full-term infants have dysphagia; however, from a clinical opinion it is thought that most full-term babies with dysphagia also have a neurological impairment.
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Moser, Michele R. "Understanding and Addressing the NAS and Drug Exposed Infant Problem in NE TN." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5000.

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Damji, Khadija Katy. "Sucking function in infants : the effects of maternal drug abuse." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27867.

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Infants of mothers who have received narcotics on a continuous basis during pregnancy are born physically dependent. Drug withdrawal, one of many detrimental effects, is initially the most apparent. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) was originally described as a generalized disorder characterized by signs of central nervous system hyperirritability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, respiratory distress, and a host of vague autonomic manifestations. Recent studies have suggested that these same signs follow withdrawal from other addicting drugs as well. Feeding problems are the most common and important concomitants of neonatal withdrawal, because sucking function is uncoordinated, ineffectual and poorly sustained. Previous studies have shown a natural history of recovery of sucking dysfunction during recovery from NAS. A disposable and practical apparatus for monitoring nutritive sucking behaviour was developed, based on a prototype previously described in the literature. A weighted scoring system which encompasses the full spectrum of withdrawal signs was also designed. No significant difference in sucking rate was observed between normal and NAS babies on day 1 (p=0.8). There was a highly significant difference on day 2 (prO.0001), day 3 (p=0.0005), and day 4 (p=0.006). No significant difference in nutrient consumption was observed between normal and NAS babies on day 1 (p=0.9) and day 2 (p=0.8). A significant difference was observed on day 3 (p=0.006) and day 4 (p=0.03). A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between both sucking rate and nutrient consumption with the classical clinical signs of withdrawal over the first two months of life (r=-0.57, -0.51, respectively). The periodic monitoring of sucking rate of the passively addicted infant provides an objective gauge of the seventy of withdrawal in NAS, eliminating the subjectivity of evaluating changes in clinical signs. Therefore, it is recommended that sucking rate measurements be instituted as a standard guide to the management of withdrawal in these infants.
Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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O'Callaghan, Christopher. "Aerosolised drug therapy in infancy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305089.

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Gerrard, Stephen Edmund. "A novel infant therapeutic delivery system for drugs, nutrients and anti-viral agents." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648462.

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Kusmorini, N. "The effects of psychoactive drugs on aspects of mother-infant behaviour in laboratory mice." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637833.

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The possibility that isolation or 'distress' calling in newborn rodents can be used to screen for anxiolytic activity was explored. The effects of a wide range of drugs that influence the benzodiazepine / GABA receptor complex, serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic transmitter systems on ultrasonic calling were systematically assessed, in 5-6 day old mouse pups, under controlled temperature conditions. Benzodiazepine agonists reliably decreased ultrasonic calling whereas inverse agonists increased it. The benzodiazepine antagonists, which had no significant influences per se on this measure, blocked the effects of both direct and inverse benzodiazepine agonists on ultrasonic calling. GABA agonists reduced ultrasonic calling although GABA antagonists had no significant effects on this measure. These antagonists did, however, block the effects of the agonist muscimol. Exposure of mouse pups to PTZ increased the number of calls. The action of PTZ was blocked by the benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788. Three out of four serotonin agonists tested in these studies increased the number of ultrasonic calls, while the antagonists of serotonin suppressed such production. These effects on ultrasonic calls appear mediated by the 5-HT receptor, as the actions of some agonists are reliably blocked by specific antagonists. Tests with noradrenaline antagonists (sensu Carlson, 1986) (except AMPT) decreased ultrasonic calling. Apomorphine and sulpiride respectively increased and decreased the number of ultrasonic calls. With drugs acting via all receptors, changes in core body temperature and performance on the inclined plane test were routinely observed to identify possible indirect actions. Increases and decreases in calling generally appeared independent of thermoregulatory or sedative actions of drugs. It was concluded that ultrasonic calling can be used to quickly and accurately assess some classes of drugs for their anxiolytic or anxiogenic properties. Other experiments examined nest building and the behaviour of reproductive female mice after treatment with chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine or morphine sulphate. These preliminary data suggested that sedative drugs have major impacts on nest building and other activities, but additional studies have to be conducted to determine whether other tests based on the mother-infant bond will prove to be of utility in the study of psychoactive drugs.
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Bader, Mohammad Y., Alex Lopilato, Leslie Thompson, and RanjitI Kylat. "Aminophylline-associated hyponatremia in a premature infant." Published by Wolters Kluwer - MedKnow, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625943.

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Hyponatremia is common in preterm infants. The causes are usually related to the inability of the premature kidneys to excrete a given water load, excessive sodium losses, or inadequate sodium intake. Here, we present a case of severe hyponatremia in an extreme preterm infant, associated with the use of aminophylline. Aminophylline was administered intravenously on day 1 for the treatment of apnea of prematurity. On day 3, the patient developed hyponatremia which was not responsive to sodium replacement and fluid restriction. Due to concerns of aminophylline‑induced hyponatremia, aminophylline was discontinued on day 6, and within 48 h of discontinuation, serum sodium normalized without the need for sodium supplementation. The purpose of the case report is to present a rare complication associated with aminophylline use and to shed light on potential deleterious effects associated with drug shortages.
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Books on the topic "Drugs and infants"

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Milan, Ellen-Marie. Memory bank for neonatal drugs. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1990.

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Haugen, David M. Drug-exposed infants in Washington State: Identification issues. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, Evergreen State College, 1991.

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Briggs, Gerald G. Drugs in lactation. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.

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South Carolina. Attorney General's Office. Intervention protocol for drug-impaired infants. [Greenville, S.C.] (620 North Main St., Greenville 29601): Office of the Attorney General, State of South Carolina, 1998.

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Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (U.S.), ed. Improving treatment for drug-exposed infants. Rockville, MD (Rockwall II, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1993.

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Griffith, H. Winter. Complete guide to presciption & nonprescription pediatric drugs: A parent's concise reference to drugs for infants through adolescents. New York: Body Press, 1996.

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Hicks, Barbara Barrett. Kids, crack, and the community: Reclaiming drug-exposed infants and children. Edited by Wilson Gregory A. Bloomington, Ind: National Educational Service, 1993.

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Garcia, Celeste A. Drug-exposed infants and their families: Issues and policy options. [Cambridge, Mass.]: John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1990.

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Benfield, D. Gary. Prescription drugs in pregnancy: Your guide to fetal risk for hundreds of drugs. Chapin, SC: Smart Start Press, 2010.

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Weiner, Carl P. Drugs for pregnant and lactating women. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drugs and infants"

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Penteado Schmidt, Carolina Witchmichen. "Adjuvant Drugs Used in Chemotherapy for Neonates and Infants." In Chemotherapy in Neonates and Infants, 115–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70591-0_5.

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Penteado Schmidt, Carolina Witchmichen. "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Chemotherapy Drugs in Neonates and Infants." In Chemotherapy in Neonates and Infants, 77–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70591-0_3.

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Penteado Schmidt, Carolina Witchmichen. "Peculiarities of Most Commonly Used Chemotherapy Drugs in Neonates and Infants." In Chemotherapy in Neonates and Infants, 107–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70591-0_4.

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Sutter-Dallay, Anne-Laure, and Anita Riecher-Rössler. "Psychotropic Drugs and the Perinatal Period." In Joint Care of Parents and Infants in Perinatal Psychiatry, 79–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21557-0_5.

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Lönnqvist, Per-Arne. "Drugs and Clinical Pharmacology of Central Blocks in Infants and Children." In Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain in Neonates and Children, 131–44. Milano: Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2685-8_12.

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Kim, Eunji, and Gideon Koren. "Infants of Drug-Addicted Mothers." In Neonatology, 369–74. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1405-3_53.

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Penteado Schmidt, Carolina Witchmichen. "Drug Interactions in Neonates and Infants." In Chemotherapy in Neonates and Infants, 125–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70591-0_6.

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Cusack, Carmen M. "Pregnant on Drugs." In Laws Relating to Sex, Pregnancy, and Infancy, 113–24. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137505194_13.

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Griffith, Dan R. "The Effects of Perinatal Cocaine Exposure on Infant Neurobehavior and Early Maternal — Infant Interactions." In Drugs, Alcohol, Pregnancy and Parenting, 105–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2627-1_9.

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Källén, Bengt. "Maternal Use of Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Drugs or Endocrine Drugs for Malignancy and Infant Congenital Malformations." In Maternal Drug Use and Infant Congenital Malformations, 197–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17898-7_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drugs and infants"

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Looi-Somoye, R., S. Cantilena, O. Williams, and J. de Boer. "Drug Repositioning in Infant Leukaemia." In 32. Jahrestagung der Kind-Philipp-Stiftung für pädiatrisch onkologische Forschung. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1687159.

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Hacıoğlu Deniz, Müjgan, and Kutluk Kağan Sümer. "Evaluating the Effects of Health Sector and Health Expenditures on Economic Growth for Turkey between the years 2000-2014." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01749.

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This study provides general information about the health economics and the health care expenditures in addition to its relations with economic growth and development. Specifically, this research focuses on the relation between health expenditures such as investments in medical sector, drugs etc. and economic growth in Turkey. Determining the structure of health expenditures and identifying the factors that influence such expenditures; “Child-Infant Mortality Rate”, “Life Expectancy at Birth and “Gross Mortality Rate are vitally important in terms of improvement of health indicators. Gross National Product per Capita and health expenditures per capita were considered as basic economic indicators as well. In this research, Turkey’s Gross National Product per capita in years between 2000–2014 and changes in basic health indicators of Turkey were analyzed and evaluated together. It also examined if a close relation exists between the expenditures for drugs and the total health expenditures within the whole system.
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Garcia Robles, AA, T. Palanques Pastor, P. Sáenz González, Á. Solaz García, I. Lara Cantón, C. Cháfer Pericás, JL Poveda Andrés, and M. Vento Torres. "5PSQ-073 Usefulness of saliva in therapeutic drug monitoring of caffeine in preterm infants." In 25th EAHP Congress, 25th–27th March 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-eahpconf.390.

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Siebert, Trina A., and Sandra Rugonyi. "Surfactant Spreading on a Thin Film Is Sensitive to Film Thickness: Implications for In Vivo Pulmonary Systems Versus In Vitro Scenarios." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-174065.

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The role of pulmonary surfactant is critical to the mechanics of the lung. Pulmonary surfactant forms a monolayer film at the air-liquid interface of a thin film of fluid lining the alveoli. Without surfactant, the air-liquid surface tension would be too high and the lungs would collapse during exhalation, as is the case with premature babies who develop respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) because they lack a sufficient amount of pulmonary surfactant [1]. Because an increase in surfactant surface concentration correlates with a decrease in surface tension, the surface tension gradients resulting when a monolayer of surfactant is deposited on a thin fluid film cause the surfactant to spread. This self-spreading phenomenon is of interest for applications such as surfactant replacement therapy in infants suffering from RDS and for drug delivery [1,2].
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Landry, Jennifer S., and Zofia Zysman-Colman. "Long-Term Healthcare Utilization And Prescription Drug Use Of Former Preterm Infants With Respiratory Diseases And Extreme Low Birth Weight." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1812.

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Reports on the topic "Drugs and infants"

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Ely, Danielle, Joyce Martin, Donna Hoyert, Lauren Rossen, and Patrick Drake. Drug-involved Infant Deaths in the United States, 2015-2017. National Center for Health Statistics, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:105508.

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Noonan, Kelly, Nancy Reichman, Hope Corman, and Dhaval Dave. Prenatal Drug Use and the Production of Infant Health. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11433.

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Johnson, Sr, and Harry E. Against All Enemies - Using Counter Drug Operations to Train for Infantry Wartime Missions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251571.

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