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Las Heras Etayo, Nadia, Félix Llamas, and Carmen Acedo. "Ethnobotanical Research and Compilation of the Medicinal Uses in Spain and the Active Principles of Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr. for the Scientific Validation of Its Therapeutic Properties." Plants 10, no. 3 (2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030584.
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The species Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr. has a large number of therapeutic uses reported in the traditional Spanish medicine. The growing interest in preserving the ethnopharmacological knowledge related to the botanical diversity existing in Spain and the interest in achieving scientific validation of the therapeutic properties of medicinal species has led to the development of this study. To do it, all the known medicinal uses of Ch. glutinosus in Spain were compiled, then an exhaustive bibliographic research on its chemical composition was carried out, and finally, an in silico validation of the bioactive phytochemicals present in a higher proportion in the essential oil of Ch. glutinosus: camphor, borneol, lucinone, glutinone, quercetin, kutdtriol, and kaempferol; in an attempt to justify the reported traditional uses of the species. It was found that much of the traditional medicinal uses of Ch. glutinosus, along with the biological activity of its phytochemicals, are supported by scientific evidence. The results place this species in a prominent position to initiate possible lines of research to develop new, more effective drugs and improve therapies to treat conditions and diseases that affect the different organic systems of the human being.
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Bilia, Anna Rita, Guido Flamini, Fabrizio Morgenni, Benedetta Isacchi, and Franco FrancescoVincieri. "GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia Annua L. at Different Developmental Stages." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 12 (2008): 1934578X0800301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800301225.
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Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) still represents the only source of artemisinin, considered as one of the most important drugs for the treatment of malaria and which, more recently, has been shown to be effective against numerous types of tumors. The foliage and inflorescence of A. annua also yield an essential oil upon hydrodistillation. This oil has been evaluated at different development stages (pre-flowering and flowering) by GC/MS. The volatile oil from plants at full blooming showed numerous constituents, with germacrene D (21.2%), camphor (17.6%), β-farnesene (10.2%), β-caryophyllene (9%), and bicyclogermacrene (4.2%) among the main ones. Aromatic waters, after extraction with n-hexane, showed the presence, among others, of camphor (27.7%), 1,8-cineole (14%), artemisia ketone (10.1%), α-terpineol (6.1%), trans-pinocarveol (5.4%), and artemisia alcohol (2%). From plants at the pre-flowering stage, aromatic waters were obtained with camphor (30.7%), 1,8-cineole (12.8%), artemisia alcohol (11.4%), artemisia ketone (9.5%), alpha-terpineol (5.8%), and trans-pinocarveol (3.0%) as the main constituents. The qualitative and quantitative profiles of the two aromatic waters were similar. These results permitted the conclusion to be made that A. annua could be harvested a long time before the onset of flowering to obtain higher yields of artemisinin or could be allowed to attain maturity to obtain valuable yields of volatiles.
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Usano-Alemany, Jaime, Jesús Palá-Paúl, Manuel Santa-Cruz Rodríguez, and David Herraiz-Peñalver. "Chemical Description and Essential Oil Yield Variability of Different Accessions of Salvia lavandulifolia." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 2 (2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900236.
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The amount and chemical composition of essential oils are crucial for the modulation of the flavor, scent and therapeutic properties of aromatic and medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenology and weather conditions on the essential oil yield obtained from the aerial parts of Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl. Besides, we tried to carry out an approach to the chemical composition at the time of full bloom. Essential oil production of several accessions was monitored throughout the whole phenological cycle, both, at the original location growing wild and at the experimental plot as cultivated plants. Local pedoclimatic conditions seem to be crucial for the plant essential oil production. Our results showed high conditioning rates from both yearly climatic conditions and developmental stage of the plants. Maximum yield production was reported at the full seed maturation stage (average 1.74%) and after a slight dry period (average 2.16%). Phytochemical differences were maintained when plants were forced to grow under common pedoclimatic conditions. Thereby, essential oil analysis showed some populations formed by clearly distinct individuals while others had more homogenous plants. Compounds such α-pinene, β-pinene + myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineol, camphor and β-caryophyllene were the main compounds of the essential oils of S. lavandulifolia.
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Hodaj-Çeliku, Entela, Olga Tsiftsoglou, Lulëzim Shuka, Sokol Abazi, Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina, and Diamanto Lazari. "Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of some Aromatic and Medicinal Plants from Albania." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 5 (2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200525.
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The chemical compositions have been investigated of the volatile oils of nine populations of six species from Albania, namely Artemisia absinthium, Calamintha nepeta, Hypericum perforatum, Sideritis raeseri subsp. raeseri, Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum from two wild populations, and Salvia officinalis (sage) from two wild and one cultivated population,. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and their analyses were performed by GC–MS. The major constituents were: A. absinthium: neryl isovalerate (19.5%), geranyl isobutanoate (16.4%) and carvacrol (8.8%); C. nepeta: pulegone (31.7%), spathulenol (20.0%) and isomenthone (12.7%); H. perforatum: caryophyllene oxide (31.0%), δ-selinene (10.5%) and carvacrol (10.4%); O. vulgare: carvacrol (81.0, 78.6%), γ-terpinene (5.5, 7.1%) and p-cymene (4.9, 4.1%) for O. vulgare originating from Tepelena and Vlora, respectively; S. raeseri: carvacrol (36.7%), caryophyllene oxide (17.8%), β-caryphyllene (8.7%), spathulenol (7.7%) and myrtenol (6.4%); S. officinalis: camphor (40.2, 47.8, 45.9%), α-thujone (19.2, 22.2, 13.7%), eucalyptol (5.4, 2.6, 6.0%), camphene (5.8, 6.1, 3.9, %), borneol (2.1, 2.9, 5.7%) and bornyl acetate (3.3, 1.4, 5.6%) for samples originating from Tepelena, Tirana and Vlora, respectively. The essential oils were also tested for their free radical scavenging activity using the following in vitro assays: i) interaction with the free stable radical of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ii) inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation with 2,2'-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide, dihydrochloride (AAPH). Finally, their inhibitory activity toward soybean lipoxygenase was evaluated, using linoleic acid as substrate. The essential oil of O. vulgare (OV-VL) presented the highest interaction with the stable radical DPPH (76.5%), followed by that of A. absinthium (54.7%). O. vulgare (OV-TP) and A. absinthium showed high anti-lipid peroxidation activity, 97.5% and 96.5%, respectively, higher than that of the reference compound trolox (73.0%). Only the tested sample of O. vulgare (OV-VL) significantly inhibited soybean lipoxygenase (54.2%).
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Anwar, Noman, N. Zaheer Ahmed, and Shehnaz Begum. "Plausible role of Arq Ajīb in combating COVID-19: A multi-faceted review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 4 (2021): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i4.4947.
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The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a massive change in every aspect of our lives. It has grossly affected the healthcare system, business and world trade, disruption of movement and supply of essential goods and has crippled the global economy. Although few vaccines have been approved for the control of disease, targeted therapy options for this virulent disease still remain limited and elusive. Exhaustive search for potent therapeutic candidate is in progress, for which herbal armory are also being explored. Medicinal plants and their products play a vital role in alleviating various diseases and have been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Plant-based drugs with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulotry activities were hypothetically considered as potential drugs to prevent and mitigate the prevailing situation caused by SARS-CoV-2. Arq Ajīb ‘a Unani formulation’ presents compelling approach in treating numerous diseases. The ingredients of Arq Ajīb and their phytocompounds have been reported for wide-ranging pharmaco-biological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulotry, anti-allergic, antitussive and bronchodilatory activities. Scientific data available on the formulation ingredients and their phytocompounds indicates that the formulation may have a significant role in augmenting the immune status of individual, protecting them from infection and providing symptomatic relief to patients affected with COVID-19. Hence, it may be considered as a potential drug for the development of novel therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This multi-faceted review highlights the therapeutic significance and pharmacological actions of Arq Ajīb and its ingredients to demonstrate the plausible role of the formulation in combating COVID-19.
 Keywords: Arq Ajīb, COVID-19, Pudina, Ajwain, Camphor, Unani formulation
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Neves, Ilzenayde Araújo, and Claudio Augusto Gomes da Camara. "Acaricidal Activity against Tetranychus Urticae and Essential Oil Composition of Four Croton Species from Caatinga Biome in Northeastern Brazil." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 6 (2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600633.
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Volatile components of essential oils from the leaves and stems of Croton jacobinensis, C. rhamnifolius, C. muscicapa and C. micans, which are medicinal plants found in the Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil, were analyzed using GC and GC/MS. The acaricidal activity of these oils against Tetranychus urticae was evaluated using the fumigation method. Oil yields from the Croton species ranged from 1.1±0.0 to 0.6±0.0%, w/w, for leaves and 0.7±0.0 to 0.1±0.0% for stems. Sesquiterpenoids were dominant in all oils, except the stem oil from C. rhamnifolius, which exhibited a high monoterpene content, and the leaf and stem oils from C. muscicapa, which were rich in phenylpropanoids. The major volatile components of the leaf and stem oils from C. jacobinensis were ( Z)-α-atlantone (24.3±0.4%) and trans-isolongifolanone (22.8±0.5%), respectively. The most abundant constituents detected in C. rhamnifolius were #aL-cedrene epoxide (23.3±0.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (21.9±0.0%) in the leaf oil, and camphor (16.6±0.5%) and tricyclene (12.8±0.1%) in the stem oil. Foenicolin was the main compound identified in the leaf (50.6±0.2%) and stem (72.7±0.6%) oils of C. muscicapa, while α-bulnesene (32.9±0.2%) and guaiol (17.9±0.7%) were the principal components of C. micans oils. These oils exhibited a high degree of toxicity in the fumigation assay. The stem oils from C. jacobinensis and C. rhamnifolius exhibited high lethality rates, with LC50 values of 0.3 and 0.2 μL/L of air after 24 h, respectively. The results suggest the potential use of stem essential oil, especially from C. rhamnifolius and C. jacobinensis, for the integrated control of Tetranychus urticae.
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Malabadi, Ravindra B., Kiran P. Kolkar, Neelambika T. Meti, and Raju K. Chalannavar. "Camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora (L.); Ethnobotany and pharmacological updates." Biomedicine 41, no. 2 (2021): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v41i2.779.
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This review paper highlights the recent updates of the fragrant camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) and camphor oil is used as a medicine for controlling many human diseases, relief of pain, inflammation and irritation in the body and skin. It can also be very effective in treating and preventing some serious, life threatening diseases. Recently medicinal plants (sweet worm wood; Artemisia annua) containing camphor essential oil has been tested against corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (Covid-19). Commercially, camphor is very important with many biological properties and is used as a topical ointment since camphor is a very toxic substance and oral consumption of camphor should be avoided.
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Suryavanshi, Amrita, Suresh Kumar, and Dolly Kain. "Medicinal Plants: A Source of Antidiabetic Drugs." Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences 4, no. 1 (2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jdras-10059-0065.
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Sutter, M. C., and Y. X. Wang. "Recent cardiovascular drugs from Chinese medicinal plants." Cardiovascular Research 27, no. 11 (1993): 1891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.11.1891.
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Abdelhamid, A., and A. Soliman. "POSIBILITY OF USING MEDICINAL PLANTS IN FISH DIETS: IV- CAMPHOR DRIED LEAVES." Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 3, no. 6 (2012): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2012.82797.
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Balbani, Aracy PS, Dulce HS Silva, and Jair C. Montovani. "Patents of drugs extracted from Brazilian medicinal plants." Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 19, no. 4 (2009): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543770902824180.
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Ghayur, Muhammad N., and Luke J. Janssen. "Nephroprotective drugs from traditionally used Aboriginal medicinal plants." Kidney International 77, no. 5 (2010): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.507.
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G, Swarnalatha, and Poojitha M. "REVIEW ON MEDICINAL PLANTS UNVEILING HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY." International Research Journal Of Pharmacy 12, no. 6 (2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1206147.
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Medicinal plants have remained as a godsend for the current scientific advancements in terms of providing dealing with diseases. The current review provides the data regarding the medicinal plants which have been reported for hepatoprotective activity and which are to be reported for treating many disorders of humankind. The review covers the recent and updated data of medicinal plants to treat all kinds of hepatic disorders which are studied by inducing different methods. As the main metabolic center of human body liver plays a major role in disintegrating the drugs and also considered as the main center which can be affected easily due to toxicity and with the other disorders that can be elicited due to excess use of therapeutic drugs or due to mis use of drugs.
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Stevic, Tatjana, Snezana Pavlovic, S. Stankovic, and Katarina Savikin. "Pathogenic microorganisms of medicinal herbal drugs." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 1 (2012): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1201049s.
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All the parts of plants (root, leaf, flower) naturally have a high level of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi, especially molds. Microbial contamination could be a result of inappropriate harvesting, cleaning of the raw plant material, unhygienic processing of the plants, unsuitable transport and storage. After examination of over 40 dried medicinal plant species, the lowest microbial quality was determined for Maydis stigma, Mentha leaf and herb, Equisetum herb, Calendula flower, Urtica leaf, Melissa leaf, Serpylli herb, Chamomilla flower etc. Although mixed infections are recorded with different types of fungus, Fusarium was observed as the most dominant genus in most of the tested drugs, followed by Aspergillus and Alternaria. In addition to these fungi species from the following genera were identified: Phoma, Cephalosporium, Nigrospora, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Gliocladium, Myrothecium, Cercospora, Phomopsis, Verticillium, Dreschlera (=Bipolaris), Rhizoctonia, Septoria, Trichoderma, Curvularia, Stachybotrys, Trichothecium, Puccinia, Botrytis, Mucor and Rhizopus sp., depending on plant species.
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Kumar, Syal, Gustav J. Dobos, and Thomas Rampp. "The Significance of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22, no. 3 (2016): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587216671392.
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Traditional Indian medicine (ayurveda) is becoming increasingly popular, with many chronic conditions responding to it well. Most patients begin to take conventional medications as soon as their diagnoses are made, so ayurvedic treatments are usually undergone alongside and/or after conventional medical approaches. A detailed knowledge of the action of food, spices, and medicinal plants is needed in order to understand their potential influence fully. While societal use of ayurvedic plants and Indian spices is commonplace, without ill effect, the use of more concentrated products made from single plants, often in the form of teas or tablets, is of more concern. The mechanisms by which polyherbal drugs and their extracts act differ in many respects from the actions of single substances or synthetic drugs. Despite the fact that ayurvedic medicines are based on natural herbal materials, their safety depends on their method of administration, taking into account individuals’ needs and their specific disease conditions.
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Xu, Yuhui, Bowen Liang, Chengcheng Kong, and Zhaogang Sun. "Traditional Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antituberculosis Drugs: A System Review." BioMed Research International 2021 (September 8, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9910365.
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Medicinal plants are the chief components in the different oriental formulations in different traditional medical systems worldwide. As a thriving source of medicine, the medicinal plants with antituberculosis (TB) properties inspire the pharmacists to develop new drugs based on their active components or semimetabolites. In the present review, the anti-TB medicinal plants were screened from the scientific literatures, based on the botanical classification and the anti-TB activity. The obtained anti-TB medicinal plants were categorized into three different categories, viz., 159 plants critically examined with a total 335 isolated compounds, 131 plants with their crude extracts showing anti-TB activity, and 27 plants in literature with the prescribed formula by the traditional healers. Our systemic analysis on the medicinal plants can assist the discovery of novel and more efficacious anti-TB drugs.
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Aćimović, Milica, Miroslav Zorić, Valtcho D. Zheljazkov, et al. "Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Medicinal Plants from Eastern Serbia." Molecules 25, no. 22 (2020): 5482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225482.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate wild growing Satureja kitaibelii, Thymus serpyllum, Origanum vulgare, Achillea millefolium and Achillea clypeolata with respect to their essential oil (EO) content, composition and antimicrobial activity. The five species were collected at Mt. Rtanj and the village of Sesalac, Eastern Serbia. The main EO constituents of Lamiaceae plants were p-cymene (24.4%), geraniol (63.4%) and germacrene D (21.5%) in Satureja kitaibelii, Thymus serpyllum and Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare, respectively. A. millefolium EO had multiple constituents with major ones being camphor (9.8%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5%), terpinen-4-ol (6.3%) and 1,8-cineole (5.6%), while the main EO constituents of A. clypeolata were 1,8-cineole (45.1%) and camphor (18.2%). Antimicrobial testing of the EO showed that Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) was more sensitive to all of the tested EOs than Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). S. kitaibelii EO showed the highest antimicrobial activity against both tested bacterial strains. This is the first study to characterize the EO composition and antimicrobial activity of these five medicinal species from Eastern Serbia in comparison with comprehensive literature data. The results can be utilized by the perfumery, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries, but also for healing purposes in self-medication.
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Anjaneyulu, Bendi, Sangeeta, and Naina Saini. "A Study on Camphor Derivatives and Its Applications: A Review." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 12 (2021): 1404–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210608115750.
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Natural compounds are the prominent sources for the synthesis of abundant biologically active substances in medicinal chemistry. Camphor exists in two enantiomeric forms i.e., R and S, or both, which are readily obtainable. Camphor is a small molecule with chirality property that binds to some active site, together with its low cost and convenience to transform into synthetically useful derivatives and one of the most important monoterpenoids widely spread in plants and has been used as starting material for the various camphor based derivatives which exhibit several biological activities include antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, analgesic and anti-cancer. Many of those simple derivatives are commercially available in the form of camphor sulfonic acid or ketopinic acid that can be easily be produced from camphor. This compound is primarily used as a chiral starting material in the enantiospecific synthesis of natural products is because of its available methods for the direct or indirect introduction of functionality at C-3, C-5, C-8, C-9, and C-10 carbon atoms. In this study, heterocyclic compounds derived from camphor are arranged in different groups as Camphor-Derived Simple Heterocycles, Fused Camphor-Derived Heterocycles, Spiro Camphor-Derived Heterocycles, Ring Expanded Camphor-Derived Heterocycles and Camphor derived metal complexes. This study summarizes the transformations of camphor and its derivatives along with their biological activities.
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Majeed, Wafa, Tanweer Khaliq, Bilal Aslam, Junaid Ali Khan, and Asra Iftikhar. "Medicinal plants with gastroprotective potential." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 10, no. 3 (2015): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v10i3.23578.
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<p class="Abstract">Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a main source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is characterized by erosions in mucosal linings of stomach and duodenum. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori are mainly responsible for peptic ulcer disease. Histamine receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors are most prominent therapies in the treatment of peptic ulcer. However, severe adverse effects of NSAIDs have been reported. Therefore, focus is now diverted towards herbal formulations of medicinal plants for the treatment of ulcer. Plants contain different phytoconstituents which are responsible for increasing defensive mechanisms of body against peptic ulcer. The current review focuses on the commonly used gastroprotective plants as antiulcer agents.</p><p> </p>
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Mehalaine, S., O. Belfadel, T. Menasria, and A. Messaili. "Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Three Medicinal Plants from Algerian Semi-Arid Climatic Zone." Phytothérapie 16, S1 (2018): S155—S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2019-0150.
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The present study was carried out to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils derived from the aerial parts of three aromatic plants Thymus algeriensis Boiss & Reut, Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Salvia officinalis L. growing under semiarid conditions. The essential oils were chemically analyzed and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and their antimicrobial activity was individually evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using both agar disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The major constituents of Thymus algeriensis essential oil were identified as camphor (13.62%), 1,8-cineol (6.00%), borneol (5.74%), viridiflorol (4.00%), and linalool (3.93%). For Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil, 48 compounds were characterized, of which the main constituents were camphor (17.09%), Z-β-ocimene (10.88%), isoborneol (9.68%), α-bisabolol (7.89%), and borneol (5.11%). While, Salvia officinalis essential oil was characterized by β-thujone (16.44%), followed by viridiflorol (10.93%), camphor (8.99%), 1,8-cineol (8.11%), trans-caryophyllene (5.85%), and α-humulene (4.69%) as the major components. Notably, results from antibacterial screening indicated that Thymus algeriensis and Salvia officinalis essential oils exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. Further, less activity was recorded against Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the three tested essential oils.
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Munuswamy, E., V. Krishnan, S. Amerjothy, and S. Sivashankari. "Crystallomorphic diagnosis of medicinal plants and their adulterants." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 1, no. 4 (2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2016.v1i4.45.
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The global level revival of enthusiasm in the alternative system of therapy, especially the renewed trends towards the herbal based indigenous formulations, has landed in the execution of certain mandatory measures. Of several such precautionaries, detection and prevention of intentional adulteration, maintenance of quality control of the herbal drugs assume primary exigence. Botanical determination of the genuineness of the herbal drugs, beyond any doubt, is the primary step before subjecting the drugs for pharmaceutical evaluations. Several botanical techniques are accessible to authenticate the identity of the herbal drugs, and application of crystallomorphic divergence is a simple but effective strategy for checking the original drugs from their adulterants. Calcium Oxalate Crystals are accredited with the phenomeon of pleomorphism and the physical property of birefringence. Added to it, the crystal habits are restricted in distribution among the plants and sometimes, specific to certain Angiosperm taxa. Further, the crystals in plant cells are easy to detect microscopically, especially under polarized light. On these merits, the morphological dimensions of the crystals and their dynamics in relation to different plant groups offer a helping hand in herbal drugs standardization. The present paper highlights the crystallomorphic spectrum and gamut of variation of the crystal scenario among the medicinal plants. The major types of crystal include prismatic, spiny spheroids or the druses, smooth spheroides (polyhedrals), rosettes, styloids, solitary acicular, bundled acicular or raphides and sand or microcrystals. A new crystal type, namely, scalloped crystal has been recognised and added to the list. Citing specific crystal habits form the survey, a protocolic technique of application of crystallography in identification of important medicinal plants and detecting their adulterants is presented. The elite of those medicinal plants drawn from the list of renowned herbals used in ISMO are opted to illustrate the crystal specificity in relation to drug identity.
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Ashwlayan, Dr Vrish Dhwaj, and Saurabh Nimesh. "Cutting Edge of Herbal Drugs over Allopathic Drugs in Clinical Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis 4, no. 1 (2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1194.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and systemic auto immune disease, affecting people predominantly between the ages of 20-60 years with unpredictable course. About 1% of the world's population is afflicted by rheumatoid arthritis and is two to three times more common in women than men. This is a long lasting disease that can affect joints in any part of the body, most commonly the hands, wrists, and knees. Popularity of medicinal plants is increasing day by day due to side effects of allopathic medicines. Herbal medicinal plants have been used as major sources of cure of human diseases since time immemorial. Today, one fourth of world population depends on traditional medicine and 80% of the population relies on indigenous herbal medicinal plants. Even today most of the people lives in different developing countries depend on the plant derived medicines for the first line of primary health care because of least or no side effects.
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da Matta, Rosana, Jesse Lahos Borges, Ulisses Nilo Landi, et al. "Ethno-epidemiological study of medicinal products and medicinal plants use among pregnant women." Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas 20, no. 1 (2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37360/blacpma.21.20.1.6.
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The objective of this study was to examine the profile of pregnant women who visited the Unified Health System of the municipality of Umuarama/PR and to analyze their use of drugs categorized as D and X according to the United States Food and Drug Administration FDA and contraindicated medicinal plants for evaluating the potential gestational risks.A cross-sectional ethnoepidemiological study using a questionnaire was conducted among 500 pregnant women from January to May 2017. According to the pregnant women, during the prenatal period, 67.8% did not receive information on the use of medicinal plants and 26.6% used contraindicated plants. Among the drugs used, 12.2% belonged to category "D" (anticonvulsants), and 2.4% belonged to category "X" (hormonal contraceptives). This work highlights the need to expand health promotion activities to the basic units and implement protocols and technical guidance tools as well as training of pharmaceutical professionals to educate the population on the risk of these drugs during pregnancy.
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Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal, Archana Saxena, Arumugam Gopalakris, Mahmoud Alagawany, and Kuldeep Dhama. "Promising Antidiabetic Drugs, Medicinal Plants and Herbs: An Update." International Journal of Pharmacology 13, no. 7 (2017): 732–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2017.732.745.
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Gurib-Fakim, Ameenah. "Medicinal plants: Traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow." Molecular Aspects of Medicine 27, no. 1 (2006): 1–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2005.07.008.
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Mehmood, Zafar, Iqbal Ahmad, Faiz Mohammad, and Shamim Ahmad. "Indian Medicinal Plants: A Potential Source for Anticandidal Drugs." Pharmaceutical Biology 37, no. 3 (1999): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.37.3.237.6296.
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Xiao, Pei-Gen, Shan-Tian Xing, and Li-Wei Wang. "Immunological aspects of Chinese medicinal plants as antiageing drugs." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 38, no. 2-3 (1993): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(93)90012-t.
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Maher, Tahani, Raha Ahmad Raus, Djabir Daddiouaissa, et al. "Medicinal Plants with Anti-Leukemic Effects: A Review." Molecules 26, no. 9 (2021): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092741.
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Leukemia is a leukocyte cancer that is characterized by anarchic growth of immature immune cells in the bone marrow, blood and spleen. There are many forms of leukemia, and the best course of therapy and the chance of a patient’s survival depend on the type of leukemic disease. Different forms of drugs have been used to treat leukemia. Due to the adverse effects associated with such therapies and drug resistance, the search for safer and more effective drugs remains one of the most challenging areas of research. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are important to improving outcomes. Almost half of the drugs utilized nowadays in treating cancer are from natural products and their derivatives. Medicinal plants have proven to be an effective natural source of anti-leukemic drugs. The cytotoxicity and the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of these plants to leukemic cells and their isolated compounds were investigated. Effort has been made throughout this comprehensive review to highlight the recent developments and milestones achieved in leukemia therapies using plant-derived compounds and the crude extracts from various medicinal plants. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of these plants are discussed.
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, Dr. Shefali Jain, Dr Tripti Yadav, Dr Ashish Kumar Mangal Bhai Patel. "Tribal Medicinal Plants Specifically Of Rajasthan." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 7 (2020): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060722.
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Around seven percent of tribal population of India lives in Rajasthan. Ethnobotany can be defined as the total natural and traditional relationship and the interactions between man and his surrounding plant wealth from times immemorial, due to sheer, necessity, intuition, observation and experimentation. Ethnobotany of India might is among the earliest in the world and all traditional systems of medicine had their roots in ethnobotany. Rajasthan has rich cultural diversity and biodiversity. The world health organization (WHO) has recently recognized the importance of traditional medicinal system in different parts of globe and around 4000 plant spp. have been identified which are used in traditional herbal medicinal system . However, proper identification of these crude drugs in Botanical terms has not been carried out or still remains disputed as different authors ascribed different plants source to various crude drugs (Sanghi and Kumar, 2000). More over several difficult diseases have problem related with vitality, diabetes, memory loss, could be cured effectively by use of herbal medicine, which is generally not possible by the Allopathic medicines. However, there is no systematic documentation of this information. Medicinal plants are distributed across diverse habitats and landscape. Around 70 per cent of India’s medicinal plants are found in tropical areas. Mostly in the various forest types spread across the Western and Eastern ghats, the Vindyas, Chota Nagpur Plateau, Aravallis and Himalayas.
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Ravi, Sanskriti, and Navneeta Bharadvaja. "Market Analysis of Medicinal Plants in India." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 20, no. 14 (2019): 1172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666190819154516.
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There has been significant growth in the herbal drugs market around the world, over the last few decades due to growing awareness among people about the rising cost as well as side effects related to the use of synthetic drugs. Herbal medicine has been used in traditional medicinal systems around the world, especially India where the oldest systems of medicine namely Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani make use of more than 90% plant-based formulations. India is rich in medicinal and herbal plants resources that provide for both the health care needs of rural India as well as the source of raw material for therapeutic agents required in the production of traditional and modern medicine. This review article presents an overview of the knowledge of Indian herbal plants based medicine in the national and international market and the trends in its production, sustainability, and promotion.
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Paudel, Sunila, and Khem Raj Joshi. "Ethno-Medicinal Survey of Plants Used in Fever and Biological Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.24.
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Fifty one plant species belonging to 35 families were documented for the traditional treatment of fever. The widely used species are Centellaasiatica (50%), Ocimumsantum (22.5%), Cissampelospareira (19.5%), Rubusellipticus (10%), and Allium hypsistum (14%). Leaves were used in majority of cases followed by roots in the form of decoction, juice, infusion with or without solvents such as water. Leave extract of R. ellipticus showed potent antioxidant activity towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 2.98 µg/ml compared with standard Ascorbic acid (4.77 µg/ ml). The antibacterial activity of the leave of R. ellipticus showed comparable zone of inhibition with that of standard drugs at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.
 Keywords: Fever, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial activity, Rubusellipticus, Centellaasiatica
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Chhipa, Abu Sufiyan, and S. S. Sisodia. "Indian Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Potential." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1 (2019): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2282.
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Medicinal plants should be evaluated extensively to determine the active principles present in them that are responsible for the hypoglycemic activity of these plants. Herbal drugs have gained popularity among the general population due to their ability to treat ailments with minimum side effects. The multi-target approaches of medicinal plants make them least susceptible to failure during the treatment therapy. Medicinal plants showing prominent anti-diabetic activity during the initial studies should be further explored to identify the active principles present in them that can become the promising drug candidates for the disease treatment in the coming future.
 Keywords: Anti-diabetic, Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, hypoglycemic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic
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Abouzekry, Sara S., Marwa T. Badawy, Nada M. Ezzelarab, and Ahmed Abdellatif. "Phytotherapy for diabetes mellitus; A review of Middle Eastern and North African folk medicinal plants." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2021.01.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the most common metabolic disorders affecting huge number of people worldwide. Despite the availability of large numbers of drugs in the market to treat the disease, there is still a need for new sources to deal with the problem and avoid side effects. In the pursuit of discovering safer and more effective anti-diabetic drugs, herbal and folk medicine drugs from regions all over the world have captured researchers’ interest. Middle Eastern and North African medicinal plants contain a variety of pharmacologically active components that have shown to possess promising anti-diabetic potential. However, few data have been reported about medicinal plants from these regions in comparison to plants from other regions. Anti-diabetic medicinal plants from the MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) region, their role in controlling DM, and suggested mechanisms for the anti-diabetic activity of some medicinal plants are discussed in this review. Many of these plants have not been fully investigated and characterized, yet they have great potential for further development as anti-diabetic drugs.
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Ojetunde, A. O. "ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2021;9(1):1-17.
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Diabetes is a chronic disorder that is characterized by an increase in blood glucose (hyperglycemia) with alteration of protein, carbohydrates, and fat metabolism. Consequently, it can lead to renal failure, atherosclerosis, nerve damage, blindness, and coronary heart disease. It is also known as the 5th leading cause of death. Although, there are numerous types of glucose-lowering drugs that exhibit anti-diabetic effects but results of treatment in patients are still not so perfect. Therefore, many treatments that include the use of medicinal plants are suggested and encouraged. Medical plants are believed to contain chemical substances with potential curative effects and can often have anti-diabetic effects. This study introduced about 23 effective medicinal plants reported by various experimental researchers with the curative potential to treat diabetes. Although, most of the research used animal models, there is a clear indication that medicinal plants with anti-diabetic potentials are being investigated by several researchers. However, there is a need for further research to be conducted with isolated bioactive ingredients present in these plants in order to have potential ingredients that could be used as a pharmacological agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with fewer adverse effects. Again, the mechanisms of action of these medicinal plants in ameliorating diabetes need to be investigated.
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Mittal, Payal. "Plants as Immunity Enhancers: A Review." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (2021): 1460–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07319.
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It is an evident from ancient times that herbs and medicinal plants have the potential to cure a variety of diseases. Some plants boosts our immunity and make our immune system more powerful to fight againt various diseases. The medicinal effects shown by the plants are due to active principle compound present in them and they work in the same manner as the conventioal drugs. Indian herbs and medicinal plants show miraculous effects against wide variety of diseases and disorders in humansand can be better called as “elixers of life”. Currently, the interest is increasing with high pace in the use of active constituents of medicinal plants as modulator or enhancer of complex immune system. From the literature of various studies carried out in the research area , it is culminated that many of the chemicals in the form of alkaloids, flavanoids, anti-oxidants, tannins, terpenes, and glycoside products are responsible to empowerb the immunmodulator effect. Keeping in mind , the appreciating potential of active constituents of medicinal plants and their derived drugs, present review is an attemptto globally popularize the herbal plants with Immunomodulator Activity.
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Mittal, Payal. "Plants as Immunity Enhancers: A Review." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 08 (2021): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/08356.
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It is an evident from ancient times that herbs and medicinal plants have the potential to cure a variety of diseases. Some plants boosts our immunity and make our immune system more powerful to fight againt various diseases. The medicinal effects shown by the plants are due to active principle compound present in them and they work in the same manner as the conventioal drugs. Indian herbs and medicinal plants show miraculous effects against wide variety of diseases and disorders in humansand can be better called as “elixers of life”. Currently, the interest is increasing with high pace in the use of active constituents of medicinal plants as modulator or enhancer of complex immune system. From the literature of various studies carried out in the research area , it is culminated that many of the chemicals in the form of alkaloids, flavanoids, anti-oxidants, tannins, terpenes, and glycoside products are responsible to empower the immunmodulator effect. Keeping in mind , the appreciating potential of active constituents of medicinal plants and their derived drugs, present review is an attemptto globally popularize the herbal plants with Immunomodulator Activity.
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Firdous, Sayeed Mohammed, and Dippayan Sautya. "Medicinal plants with wound healing potential." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 13, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v13i1.32646.
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<p class="Abstract">Wound occurs due to disruption of soft tissues that results from injury. Recently many medicinal plants have been demonstrated for wound healing potential through in vivo and in vitro preclinical models and their mechanisms of wound healing has also been reported. Medicinal plants have been reported to show wound healing potential via angiogenesis, activation of NF-κB, favoring pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and alpha 1 type 1 collagen, and anti-oxidant activity. Thus, in this review, an attempt was made to give an insight into the recently reported medicinal plants with wound healing mechanisms which could be beneficial in therapeutic practice and development of new wound healing drugs for human use.</p>
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Nithaniyal, Stalin, Sophie Lorraine Vassou, Sundar Poovitha, Balaji Raju, and Madasamy Parani. "Identification of species adulteration in traded medicinal plant raw drugs using DNA barcoding." Genome 60, no. 2 (2017): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0225.
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Plants are the major source of therapeutic ingredients in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). However, species adulteration in traded medicinal plant raw drugs threatens the reliability and safety of CAM. Since morphological features of medicinal plants are often not intact in the raw drugs, DNA barcoding was employed for species identification. Adulteration in 112 traded raw drugs was tested after creating a reference DNA barcode library consisting of 1452 rbcL and matK barcodes from 521 medicinal plant species. Species resolution of this library was 74.4%, 90.2%, and 93.0% for rbcL, matK, and rbcL + matK, respectively. DNA barcoding revealed adulteration in about 20% of the raw drugs, and at least 6% of them were derived from plants with completely different medicinal or toxic properties. Raw drugs in the form of dried roots, powders, and whole plants were found to be more prone to adulteration than rhizomes, fruits, and seeds. Morphological resemblance, co-occurrence, mislabeling, confusing vernacular names, and unauthorized or fraudulent substitutions might have contributed to species adulteration in the raw drugs. Therefore, this library can be routinely used to authenticate traded raw drugs for the benefit of all stakeholders: traders, consumers, and regulatory agencies.
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Aslam, Muhammad Shahzad, and Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad. "Worldwide Importance of Medicinal Plants: Current and Historical Perspectives." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 02 (2016): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2016.02.338811.
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There is no existence of life without plants. Plants are the essential foundation of medicine. Some important drugs that are still in use today are derived from traditional medicinal herbs. The hunt for new medicines has engaged ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology—a new route as an important source of knowledge, which led toward different sources and classes of compounds. Nowadays, studies on structure-activity relationships, and their impact on the design of novel drugs have rendered them one of the utmost valuable and thus significant accomplishments of pharmacochemistry, an advance constituent in the group of pharmaceutical sciences. In this paper, we have discussed the historical importance of medicinal plants, geographical importance throughout the world, some important historical observations of medicinal plants, and leading drugs of plant origin which are still being used to treat various ailments, with or without any structural modifications.
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Kumar, Ajay, Feroz Khan, and Dharmendra Saikia. "Exploration of Medicinal Plants as Sources of Novel Anticandidal Drugs." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 28 (2019): 2579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666191025155856.
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Background: : Human infections associated with skin and mucosal surfaces, mainly in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. During the last decade, there have been an increasing numbers of cases of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, coupled with an increase in the number of incidences of drug resistance and toxicity to anti fungal agents. Hence, there is a dire need for safe, potent and affordable new antifungal drugs for the efficient management of candidal infections with minimum or no side effects. Introduction: : Candidiasis represents a critical problem to human health and a serious concern worldwide. Due to the development of drug resistance, there is a need for new antifungal agents. Therefore, we reviewed the different medicinal plants as sources of novel anticandidal drugs. Methods: : The comprehensive and detailed literature on medicinal plants was carried out using different databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct and all the relevant information from the articles were analyzed and included. Result: : Relevant Publications up to the end of November 2018, reporting anticandidal activity of medicinal plants has been included in the present review. In the present study, we have reviewed in the light of SAR and mechanisms of action of those plants whose extracts or phytomolecules are active against candida strains. Conclusion:: This article reviewed natural anticandidal drugs of plant origin and also summarized the potent antifungal bioactivity against fungal strains. Besides, mechanism of action of these potent active plant molecules was also explored for a comparative study. We concluded that the studied active plant molecules exhibit potential antifungal activity against resistant fungal strains.
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Gholipour, Sajedeh, Robert D. E. Sewell, Zahra Lorigooini, and Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei. "Medicinal Plants and Atherosclerosis: A Review on Molecular Aspects." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 26 (2018): 3123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180911121525.
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Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory vascular disease that is characterized by progressive accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial walls and it is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Issues related to the side effects of synthetic drugs have in recent times, led to the misuse of drugs, a lack of patient consultations, and consequently, a disruption in meticulous disease control. Therefore, a new insight into medicinal plants has recently emerged and much research has been conducted on these herbs in an attempt to prepare novel naturally based drugs. The aim of this review article was to scrutinize the molecular mechanisms of medicinal plants possessing effectiveness against atherosclerosis. To conduct the review, electronic searches were performed to retrieve potentially relevant publications, indexed within internet databases and reference textbooks concerning the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of plants or their constituents used to treat atherosclerosis. Overall, medicinal plants facilitate atherosclerosis treatment through a variety of mechanisms which include the regulation of expression of inflammatory factors, stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), promotion of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) as well as ATP-binding cassette transporter G (ABCG), facilitation of adiponectin activity, reduction of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and antioxidant activity. An increased perception of these herbal mechanistic links is an important prelude to the design of novel plant based drugs.
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Chen, Hai Ping, Kai Yang, Chun Xue You, et al. "Chemical Constituents and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oil ofCinnamomum camphoraLeaves againstLasioderma serricorne." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/963729.
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During our screening program for agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs and wild plants, the essential oil ofCinnamomum camphoraleaves was found to possess strong fumigant and contact toxicity againstLasioderma serricorneadults with LC50/LD50values of 2.5 mg/L air and 21.25 μg/adult, respectively. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was investigated by GC and GC-MS. The main components of the essential oil were identified to beD-camphor (40.54%), linalool (22.92%), cineole (11.26%), and 3,7,11-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-6,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (4.50%). Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation on repeated silica gel columns led to the isolation ofD-camphor and linalool.D-camphor and linalool showed strong fumigant toxicity (LC50= 2.36 and 18.04 mg/L air, resp.) and contact toxicity (LD50= 13.44 and 12.74 μg/adult, resp.) againstL. serricorne. The results indicate that the essential oil ofC. camphoraand its active compounds had the potential to be developed as natural fumigants and insecticides for control ofL. serricorne.
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Uddandapu*, Phani Kumari, Venkateswar Rao, Y., and Chandrasekhara Naidu K. "Review on few South Indian medicinal plants as antimicrobial agents." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 03 (2016): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.03.0016.
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The Plant kingdom is a storehouse of potential drugs. Plant derived medicines have made large contributions to human health and well-being. They play dual role in the development of new drugs. At first they act as a natural blueprint for the development of new drugs and secondly they can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases. Many evidences gathered from earlier studies which confirmed that the presence of variety of phytochemicals in plants contribute medicinal properties. In this present review, an attempt has been made to give an overview of few south Indian medicinal plants and their phytochemicals which are useful in the treatment of several infectious diseases.
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Kord, Kourosh, Fatemeh Abedi, Hamidreza Kazemeini, Somayeh Shahsavari, and Kamal Solati. "Ethnobotanical and ethnoecological study of the most important edible, medicinal and industrial species in the grasslands of Khalil Abad region, Zarrin Dasht, Fars province, Iran." Plant Science Today 6, no. 2 (2019): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.551.
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It is vital to record and preserve indigenous knowledge on plants to prevent loss of this valuable information. The indigenous knowledge about herbal drugs can provide us with useful information, such as their phytotherapeutic activities for the treatment of various diseases. This study investigated the indigenous knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of human diseases and disorders in Khalil Abad region, Zarrin Dasht County, Fars province (Iran) from January to May 2017. Questionnaires were distributed among the subjects and traditional herbal information were recorded. The medicinal plants in this region are predominantly bush, including Zataria multiflora Boiss, Peganum harmala L., Alhagi persarum Boiss. & Buhse and Astragalus sp. The results of this study indicate that the residents of Khalil Abad village use various medicinal plants for nutritional and medicinal purposes. This is the first report of the ethnobotany of the region and the medicinal plants of indigenous knowledge of this region could be used as a source for new drugs.
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Solowey, Elisha, Michal Lichtenstein, Sarah Sallon, Helena Paavilainen, Elaine Solowey, and Haya Lorberboum-Galski. "Evaluating Medicinal Plants for Anticancer Activity." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/721402.
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Plants have been used for medical purposes since the beginning of human history and are the basis of modern medicine. Most chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment are molecules identified and isolated from plants or their synthetic derivatives. Our hypothesis was that whole plant extracts selected according to ethnobotanical sources of historical use might contain multiple molecules with antitumor activities that could be very effective in killing human cancer cells. This study examined the effects of three whole plant extracts (ethanol extraction) on human tumor cells. The extracts were fromUrtica membranacea(Urticaceae),Artemesia monosperma(Asteraceae), andOriganum dayi post(Labiatae). All three plant extracts exhibited dose- and time-dependent killing capabilities in various human derived tumor cell lines and primary cultures established from patients’ biopsies. The killing activity was specific toward tumor cells, as the plant extracts had no effect on primary cultures of healthy human cells. Cell death caused by the whole plant extracts is via apoptosis. Plant extract 5 (Urtica membranacea) showed particularly strong anticancer capabilities since it inhibited actual tumor progression in a breast adenocarcinoma mouse model. Our results suggest that whole plant extracts are promising anticancer reagents.
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Oliveira, Thais Rossini, Anderson Laerte Teixeira, Janaina Priscila Barbosa, et al. "Melaleuca spp. essential oil and its medical applicability. A Brief Review." Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences 3, no. 1 (2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.31415/bjns.v3i1.89.
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Medicinal plants have long been used as an alternative in the treatment of diseases, whether using extracts, essential oils and / or bioactive components. Thus, the use of medicinal plants, with popularly known effects for the treatment of infections, has gained prominence, in research related to extracts and essential oils of medicinal plants, in an attempt to discover and future application of new molecules with antimicrobial and / or effect coadjuvant molecules to antimicrobials on the market. Studies with species of Melaleuca spp., Demonstrate wide application of its essential oil, without treating skin infections, microbial infections, herpes, diseases associated with pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity. The emerging microbial resistance to the drugs currently available on the market, has been affected by both researchers and the general population, so that the research experimented with was conducted revealing a high synergistic potential between drugs and natural drugs, present in drugs. In view of the above, this study aimed to present, through a bibliographic survey, a use of medicinal plants in the face of microbial resistance, as well as medicinal therapy based on the use of essential oils from alternative tea tree, leucadendron tea tree and quinquenervia tea tree, already inclusion in the literature.
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Lin, Chun-Ching, and Woei-Song Kan. "Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Hepatitis in Taiwan." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 18, no. 01n02 (1990): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x9000006x.
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In an extensive ethnobotanical survey of the folk medicines of Taiwan, 69 kinds of crude drugs and 107 species of medicinal plants were found to be used for hepatitis treatments. The present paper is to update a list of medicinal plants used in the treatment of hepatitis and evaluate their liver protection by ethnopharmacological and pathological studies. Results show that some of these drugs have prominent therapeutic effects. Further investigation regarding the anti-hepatotoxic principles will be made.
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Salmerón-Manzano, Esther, Jose Antonio Garrido-Cardenas, and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "Worldwide Research Trends on Medicinal Plants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (2020): 3376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103376.
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The use of medicinal plants has been done since ancient times and may even be considered the origin of modern medicine. Compounds of plant origin have been and still are an important source of compounds for drugs. In this study a bibliometric study of all the works indexed in the Scopus database until 2019 has been carried out, analyzing more than 100,000 publications. On the one hand, the main countries, institutions and authors researching this topic have been identified, as well as their evolution over time. On the other hand, the links between the authors, the countries and the topics under research have been analyzed through the detection of communities. The last two periods, from 2009 to 2014 and from 2015 to 2019, have been examined in terms of research topics. It has been observed that the areas of study or clusters have been reduced, those of the last period being those engaged in unclassified drug, traditional medicine, cancer, in vivo study—antidiabetic activity, and animals—anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, it has been observed that the trend in global research is focused more on the search for new medicines or active compounds rather than on the cultivation or domestication of plant species with this demonstrated potential.
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G, Odontuya. "Medicinal plants - Therapeutic effective compounds." Bulletin of Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/bicct.v0i6.1096.
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In plants, substances starting with a simple skeleton to highly complex chemical structures having specific activities are synthesized. Plants are still considered a resource of valuable raw materials for producing different therapeutic and health supporting products, as well as a pool of significant pharmacological active compounds. According to the analysis of the recent PubMed research trends, it was observed that the number of scientific research interest targeting plant-derived natural products had increased. New approaches for discovery of medicinal plants, isolation, identification and characterization of secondary metabolites, and resupply of plant-derived natural products are being developed. Meanwhile, the usage of medicinal plants and plant-derived natural products for any disease conditions is being increased worldwide. There is a limited possibility to isolate therapeutically active compounds from natural-originated plants and resupply them in the market. Therefore, alternative resupply approaches are being developed that they rely on biotechnological products and chemical synthesis. Currently, the research on medicinal plants and plant-derived secondary products is going with success using a broad interdisciplinary approach of chemical and biological sciences involving advanced technologies. Medicinal plants are a source of therapeutically active compounds and new drugs, and other health supporting products.
 Эмийн ургамал - Эмчилгээний идэвхт нэгдэл
 Хураангуй: Ургамалд хамгийн энгийнээс эхлээд маш нарийн нийлмэл бүтэц байгууламжтай эмчилгээний идэвхт бодис нийлэгжиж байдаг ба ургамал нь эрүүл мэндийн бүтээгдэхүүний үнэт түүхий эд бөгөөд фармакологийн идэвхт нэгдлийн сан болж байна. Сүүлийн үеийн PubMed-д хэвлэгдсэн бүтээлүүдэд дүн шинжилгээ хийхэд ургамлын гаралтай байгалийн нэгдлийг шинжлэх ухааны үндэслэлтэйгээр сонирхон судлах явдал өссөн байна. Эмийн ургамлыг олж илрүүлэх, түүнээс хоѐрдогч метаболитыг ялгах, шинж чанарыг тодорхойлох, таньж илрүүлэх, ханган нийлүүлэх арга зүй, аргачлал боловсронгуй болж, аливаа өвчний эмчилгээнд ургамлыг хэрэглэх хандлага өсөж байна. Эмчилгээний идэвхтэй бодисыг зөвхөн байгалийн ургамлаас ялган зах зээлд ханган нийлүүлэх боломжгүй тул биотехнологийн арга болон химийн нийлэгжүүлэлт гэсэн өөр бусад аргыг хэрэглэж байна. Ийм чиглэлийн судалгааг хими, биологийн шинжлэх ухааны олон салбарын мэдлэг, мэдээллийн уялдаа холбоонд тулгуурлан орчин үеийн ололт, дэвшилтэт технологийг ашиглан хийж байна. Ургамал бол эмчилгээний идэвхт бодис ба шинэ эм, эрүүл мэндийн бүтээгдэхүүний эх сурвалж юм.
 Түлхүүр үгс: ургамал, хоёрдогч метаболит, эмчилгээний идэвх, дэвшилтэт технологи
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Srinivasan, Nivedha, and Anitha Roy. "ANTICONVULSANT PROPERTIES OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS- A REVIEW." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.14501.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Epilepsy is the tendency to have seizures that start in the brain. The brain uses electrical signals to pass messages between brain cells and when these signals are disrupted, it leads to a seizure. A number of synthetic antiepileptic drugs are available in practice, but various medicinal plants act as an important source of treatment for epilepsy; plants such as Aeollanthus suaveolens, Passiflora caerulea, Persea americana, Annona diversifolia, and Boerhavia diffusa have good anticonvulsant activity.Objective: Anticonvulsant drugs are used to control the convulsions by inhibiting the discharge and then producing hypnosis. The objective is to understand various medicinal plants and plant components, which are being used as an anticonvulsant.Results: A. suaveolens essential oils are the main constituents were deemed to display anticonvulsant activity. P. caerulea is reputed to have herbal activity as a sedative and anticonvulsant and it is often used as a relatively disease resistant root stock. Whereas P. americana, extract produces its anticonvulsant effect by enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid ergic neurotransmission and or action in the brain. B. diffusa consists of a calcium channel antagonist compound, liriodendrin that is responsible for its anticonvulsant activity.Conclusion: Since epilepsy has become a common brain disorder, having knowledge of the medicinal plants with an anticonvulsant activity will be beneficial to the society.Keywords: Antiepileptic, Aeollanthus suaveolens, Passiflora caerulea, Persea americana, Annona diversifolia, Boerhavia diffusa.