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Journal articles on the topic 'Drugs Drugs Suppositories'
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Murakami, Satoshi, Hidenori Takahashi, and Naohito Shimoyama. "Drug delivery system in pain control Suppositories, oral transmucosal drugs, nebulized drugs, another newly developed drugs." Drug Delivery System 20, no. 5 (2005): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2745/dds.20.538.
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Saeed, Ashti M. H., Maryam H. Alaayedi, and Athmar Dh H. Alshohani. "NEW COMBINATION SUPPOSITORIES OF LORNOXICAM AND ALOIN FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.22921.
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Objective: The objective of our current work is to formulate, optimize and evaluate new combination rectal suppositories as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis that contains both lornoxicam and aloin. Both are strong anti-inflammatory agents, and a combination of both may have synergistic effect as an anti-inflammatory treatment.Methods: Rectal suppositories containing 8 mg lornoxicam and 200 mg aloin were formulated by heat fusion method. Different combinations of different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used for the formulated suppositories. The formulated suppositories were evaluated for their visual appearance, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, melting temperature, and drug content uniformity.Results: All the formulations prepared were within the required limits for USP. When the release study was performed, both drugs were released from all the formulations prepared. However, formulation F7 which is composed of PEG 400 30.88% (w/w): PEG 4000 46.32% (w/w) was superior to other formulations in which more than 80% of both drugs loaded were released after 35 min. The presence of both drugs in the same suppository did not affect their release.Conclusion: A new combination suppositories have been obtained where the two combined drugs were released fast without interference with each other release. The proposed new combination has the potential to be used as a strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatment compared to using lornoxicam or aloin alone.
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Hermann, T. W. "Recent research on bioavailability of drugs from suppositories." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 123, no. 1 (August 1995): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(95)00053-l.
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Orlova, T. V., T. A. Pankrusheva, A. V. Nesterova, and N. D. Ogneshchikova. "Biopharmaceutical study of suppositories containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 44, no. 5 (October 2010): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-010-0445-2.
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Sergey Yu. Smolentsev, Ivan I. Kalyuzhny, Alexander M. Semivolos, Alla V. Egunova, Aleksandr M. Gertman, Andrey A. Elenshleger, Ivan A. Nikulin, and Yuriy N. Alekhin. "Use of Flunex and Ceftonite drugs for inflammation of the uterus in cows." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 4235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2634.
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Currently, in connection with the active development of dairy farming in Russia, the main requirement is to increase the dairy productivity of cattle and improve the quality of primary products. Despite the successes achieved in studying the causes of the development and pathogenesis of endometritis, the development of prevention methods, the frequency of their manifestation, especially in highly productive dairy herds, has no tendency to decrease. We conducted an experiment to study the effectiveness of the Flunex biogenic preparation with the Ceftonite gynecological suppositories in a comparative aspect with other known preparations with acute catarrhal-purulent endometritis. When conducting the experiment, before determining the therapeutic efficacy of the above drugs, anamnestic data were collected, the general condition, fatness and physique of the animal were determined. When using the tissue preparation Flunex with the gynecological suppositories Ceftonite for therapeutic purposes, with acute catarrhal-purulent endometritis of cows, recovery is faster than when using natural colostrum in combination with ichthyol suppositories.
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Špaglová, M., M. Čuchorová, M. Čierna, V. Mikušová, K. Bauerová, and S. Poništ. "Possibilities of microemulsion application in rectal administration of indomethacin." European Pharmaceutical Journal 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2021-0012.
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Abstract Rectal administration is a suitable route of administration for drugs that are either very irritating to the intestine (e.g., indomethacin) or are more effective when the first-pass effect in the liver is circumvented. Microemulsions are a tool for the improvement of penetration of sparingly soluble drugs. They are mainly used in topical and transdermal drug delivery. However, they find application also in other routes of administration, mainly due to their ability to solubilize sparingly soluble drugs. The selection of a suppository base depends on the physical properties of the drug. The study focused on evaluating the effect of the microemulsion as the solubilizer of sparingly soluble indomethacin in hydrophilic and lipophilic suppository bases compared with Polysorbate 80 as the excipient contained in the microemulsion. The reference suppositories were prepared by the traditional moulding technique from Adeps solidus or Macrogol suppository base without the previous drug solubilization. The microemulsion-based suppositories were prepared after the initial solubilization of the drug in the microemulsion or Polysorbate 80, followed by the addition of suppository base to maintain the same drug/solubilizer ratio. The suppositories were tested for softening time, hardness, and uniformity of mass. The dissolution test was performed using the dialysis tubing method in the basket apparatus. The amount of indomethacin released into the dissolution medium was determined spectrophotometrically at 320 nm. The results indicate that solubilization of indomethacin in the microemulsion had a positive effect on in vitro drug release but not as significant as in the case of Polysorbate 80 used alone. The enhancement ratio for Polysorbate 80 in Adeps suppositories was 2.9, for the microemulsion in Adeps suppositories was 1.1, and for Polysorbate 80 in Macrogol suppositories was 7.4 after 3 hours. The test of uniformity of mass had shown that all suppositories (reference, solubilizer-containing) are within the permitted limits. The softening time was reduced by adding the solubilizer to each type of suppository base.
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Hermann, Jacek, and Tadeusz Hermann. "BIOAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS FROM SUPPOSITORIES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE AFTER 1995." Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 77, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/appdr/123017.
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Persaud, Suzanne, Sandra Eid, Natalia Swiderski, Ioannis Serris, and Hyunah Cho. "Preparations of Rectal Suppositories Containing Artesunate." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12030222.
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Rectal artesunate suppositories are a useful option for pre-referral treatment of severe malaria, specifically in children under 6 years of age in remote malaria-endemic areas. The main challenges are to improve the solubility of drugs in the rectal fluids and prevent the product from turning rancid or melting in a tropical climate. In this short proof-of-concept study, three types of rectal suppositories of artesunate were prepared: (i) polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based suppositories carrying free artesunate (non-modified artesunate), (ii) PEG-based suppositories carrying artesunate-loaded micelles and (iii) 3D-printed suppositories carrying a PEG/artesunate mixture. Physical parameters of suppositories, release profiles of artesunate (the fastest to the slowest: ii≥i>iii) and thermostability (the most stable to the least stable: iii>ii>i) of suppositories at increased temperature were assessed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each formulation.
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Ye. Borko, I. Kovalevska, and O. Ruban. "The Marketing Research of the Pharmaceutical Market of Ukraine about the Prospects of Creation a New Medical Form." Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, no. 2(37) (December 23, 2019): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2019.2(37).137-142.
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The aim of the work was a marketing research of the nomenclature of medicines presented on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, which are used to treat diseases of the anorectal zone. The work used graphic, system, marketing and pharmacoeconomic analysis methods. According to medical statistics in Ukraine, there is a rapid increase in the percentage of patients with pathologies of the anorectal zone among people of working age. The reasons for this phenomenon is the lifestyle of a modern person, which leads to an unbalanced diet, a decrease in physical activity and untimely treatment of existing diseases. The great variability of the symptomatic manifestation of pathological processes in diseases of the anorectal zone requires the appointment of effective treatment with groups of drugs with different pharmacological activity. When analyzing the assortment of drugs used to treat diseases of the anorectal zone, it was found that 117 pharmaceutical preparations in various dosage forms were presented on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine; of which the proportion of suppositories is 17.09%. When analyzing the origin of the main active ingredients of suppositories, it was found that the largest share is made up of active substances of synthetic origin (60%), herbal components are present in 25% of the analyzed preparations, a combination of substances of plant and synthetic origin account for 15%. An analysis of the origin of the manufacturing company allows us to conclude that the share of medicines manufactured in Ukraine is 50%, and the range is presented to foreign manufacturers from Germany, Poland, France, Serbia and Italy. The results obtained indicate that, according to the recommendations for the use of drugs, a treatment course of 1 week is rational. An analysis of treatment regimens suggests that the use of a combination of several drugs from different pharmacological groups significantly increases the total cost and reflects a lack of compliance. The analysis of drugs used to treat diseases of the anorectal zone. The assortment of drugs was studied by the form of release, the origin of the manufacturer, the composition of the dosage form, the origin of the main components and pricing policy. It was found that there is a lack of rectal suppositories of a combined composition that could be used to treat these pathologies. Therefore, as a result of the study, it was concluded that the creation of a new drug for the safe and effective treatment of diseases of the anorectal zone is advisable and relevant. Keywords marketing analysis; pharmaceutical market of Ukraine; diseases of the anorectal zone; suppositories.
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Jhunjhunwala, Kunal, Charles W. Dobard, Sunita Sharma, Natalia Makarova, Angela Holder, Chuong Dinh, James Mitchell, et al. "Development, Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Rectal Suppositories Containing Combination Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV Prevention." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081110.
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Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) contributes significantly to HIV acquisition underscoring the need to develop HIV prevention options for populations engaging in RAI practices. We explored the feasibility of formulating rectal suppositories with potent antiviral drugs for on-demand use. A fixed-dose combination of tenofovir (TFV) and elvitegravir (EVG) (40 mg each) was co-formulated in six different suppository bases (three fat- and three water-soluble). Fat-soluble witepsol H15 and water-soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG) based suppositories demonstrated favorable in vitro release and were advanced to assess in vivo pharmacokinetics following rectal administration in macaques. In vivo drug release profiles were similar for both suppository bases. Median concentrations of TFV and EVG detected in rectal fluids at 2 h were 1- and 2-logs higher than the in vitro IC50, respectively; TFV-diphosphate levels in rectal tissues met or exceeded those associated with high efficacy against rectal simian HIV (SHIV) exposure in macaques. Leveraging on these findings, a PEG-based suppository with a lower dose combination of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and EVG (8 mg each) was developed and found to achieve similar rectal drug exposures in macaques. This study establishes the utility of rectal suppositories as a promising on-demand strategy for HIV PrEP and supports their clinical development.
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Orlova, T. V., and T. A. Pankrusheva. "Melting point and softening time of suppositories containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 44, no. 7 (October 31, 2010): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-010-0476-8.
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Padmavathi, Y., B. M. Reddy, M. Renuka, K. Sumedha, and N. P. Reddy. "Formulation and Evaluation of Fixed Dose Combination Suppositories Containing Stavudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine for Pediatric Applications." Journal of Scientific Research 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v7i3.20858.
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Suppositories are the convenient way of administering drugs in infants. In view of the lack of suitable pediatric antiretroviral formulations in the market, suppositories containing fixed dose combination (FDC) of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine (SLN) were developed to allow administration of the correct weight-related dose in pediatric HIV patients as recommended by WHO. Suppositories containing 10 mg of stavudine, 40 mg of lamivudine and 70 mg of nevirapine were prepared by the fusion method using Witepsol H15 semi-synthetic suppository base. All the prepared suppositories were evaluated for various physical parameters like weight variation, melting point, drug content and hardness. The rate and extent of drug release was evaluated using USP apparatus I and samples were analyzed by a validated UV-multicomponent method. The use of surfactants significantly increased the drug release from formulations manufactured with Witepsol H 15 fatty base. The development of pediatric fixed-dose combination formulations represent a new era and mark an important milestone for children living with HIV/AIDS.
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Dolzhykova, Olena, and Ludmila Maloshtan. "THE INFLUENCE OF VAGINAL SUPPOSITORIES “MELANIZOL” ON THE SYSTEM OF LPO-AOS IN CONDITION OF MODEL OF A NONSPECIFIC VAGINITIS IN RATS." EUREKA: Health Sciences 5 (September 20, 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2019.00998.
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It is known that almost any pathology is accompanied by an imbalance of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant system (AOS), and diseases of the female reproductive system are no exception. Thus, modern therapies of nonspecific vaginitis (NV) should include drugs with an antioxidant effect in the complex treatment, because the role of the LPO-AOS system in the mechanism for the development of NV is great. This problem can be solved by new complex drug with plant material with a wide spectrum of action. Aim. The aim of our research was to study the effect of new vaginal suppositories “Melanizol”, containing metronidazole and tea tree oil on the system of LPO-AOS on a model of nonspecific vaginitis in rats. Materials and methods. The study object was the new vaginal suppositories “Melanizol”. As reference drugs there were taken suppositories “Gravagin” and “Hippophaes oleum suppositories”. The study has been carried out on the model of experimental nonspecific (irritative) vaginitis caused in rats by the mixture of turpentine oil and dimethyl sulfoxide. Blood serum and vaginal tissue were used as the material for the study. Thiobarbituric acid-active products (TBA-AP) were determined as the component of a lipid peroxidation. The catalase (CAT), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the reduced glutathione (G-SH) were determined as the component of an antioxidant system. Results and discussion. On the background of experimental vaginitis in serum and in vaginal tissue homogenate in rats, significant changes in indicators of the LPO-AOS were noted. Change of these indicators show a systemic response of the body to pathological changes in the vagina, which is manifested in the depletion of AOS and activation of the LPO. The vaginal suppositories “Melanizol” in the study on the model of nonspecific (irritative) vaginitis in rats showed an antioxidant effect. Suppositories “Melanizol” significantly reduce the level of TBA-AP, interfering with lipid peroxidation processes, and restore the level of G-SH, as well as the activity of SOD and catalase in the blood and in the vaginal homogenate, helping to protect the cell membranes. Suppositories “Melanizol” significantly exceed the reference suppositories “Gravagin” and are not inferior to the reference drug “Hippophaes oleum suppositories” in activity to reduce the level of TBA-AP, and to restore the level of G-SH, as well as restoration the activity of SOD and CAT. Antioxidant activity of vaginal suppositories “Melanizol” can be explained by the presence of tea tree oil and metronidazole in their composition, which is confirmed by literature data. Conclusions. The conducted researches have shown that the new vaginal suppositories “Melanizol” demonstrated antioxidation activity. Results of this experiment allow us to recommend them for the further studies as medication for the treatment of nonspecific vaginitis.
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Al-Achi, Antoine, Sapana Patel, Krishna Cherukuri, and Dinal Gandhi. "Suppository Preparation: Density Factor Determination for Some Over-the-Counter Analgesic Products." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 25, no. 5 (September 2009): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250902500505.
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Background: The formulation of analgesic suppositories by the compounding pharmacist may offer an alternative to patients who cannot take medications orally. Objective: To determine the density factor (DF) for 9 nonprescription nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, aspirin, and acetaminophen for use in compounding suppositories. Methods: Nine nonprescription analgesic products were purchased from local stores in North Carolina. All products were solid dosage forms (ie, tablets, caplets, or geltabs). The solid units were pulverized with a porcelain mortar and pestle and then incorporated into a cocoa butter base for formulating the suppository. The DF estimation was evaluated according to the Paddock method. Results: The highest DF value (mean ± SD) among the products tested was for St. Joseph Aspirin (1.45 ± 0.78); the lowest value was for Motrin IB (ibuprofen) (1.06 ± 0.23). Overall, 11.1% (40/360) of all compounded suppositories had some sort of defect. The most often encountered defect was chipping (3.6%; 13/360); the least encountered was sticking to molds (0.83%; 3/360). Conclusions: A practical method for preparing compounded suppositories provides a viable alternative for patients who require analgesic medications but cannot take them orally.
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Ilkanich, A. Ya, K. Z. Zubailov, S. S. Kurbanov, A. A. Aysanov, Yu S. Voronin, A. S. Matveeva, and Z. N. Lopatskaya. "Selection of a topical preparation in the basic treatment of chronic hemorrhoids." Нospital-replacing technologies:Ambulatory surgery, no. 3-4 (January 16, 2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1995-1477-2020-3-4-80-88.
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Introduction. The vast majority of recommendations for conservative treatment of patients with chronic hemorrhoids contain recommendations for the use of systemic drugs with venotonic and angioprotective properties and the use of topical drugs to treat and prevent exacerbation of the disease. The action of the main components of the topical drugs used is aimed at controlling local inflammation, implemented through various mechanisms. The choice of a drug is mainly subjective.Aim of the study. Comparative clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of topical drugs for the treatment of chronic hemorrhoids.Materials and methods. There are two treatment schemes that are distinguished by the type of the drug that is used. The main group includes patients in treatment of whom a combined preparation based on lidocaine and fluocortolone in the form of rectal suppositories manufactured by Bayer (221 (50.6%) patients) was used. In the control group – a combined preparation on the basis of tribenoside and lidocaine in the form of rectal suppositories by Recordati company (216 (49,4%) people). The rate of suppositories administration and duration of their use was 21 days. Clinical efficacy was estimated by the rate of regression of the main clinical manifestations of the disease: bleeding, pain syndrome, discomfort.Results and discussion. By the 14th day of treatment with Bayer preparation, bleeding as the main sign of disease exacerbation persisted in 15.2% (5) of the main patients against 26.7% (8) of the control group patients. Positive effect was obtained in the majority of patients with the initial prevalence of pain syndrome. On the 14th day the pain remained in 17.0% (8) patients of the main group against 27.9% (12) of the control group. Sense of discomfort was preserved in 10% (4) of the main group patients against 15.8% (6) of the control group patients. Regression of combined clinical manifestations of the disease in the comparison groups showed the fastest elimination of inflammation in the main group in 79.4% of patients against 73.0% in the control group on the 14th day of treatment.Conclusions. Thus, the use of Bayer preparation allowed ensuring the regression of the main clinical manifestations of the disease in a shorter time. This drug can be recommended for use in complex treatment of chronic hemorrhoids in everyday clinical practice.
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Gizzi, G., V. Villani, G. Brandi, G. M. Paganelli, G. Di Febo, and G. Biasco. "Ano-rectal Lesions in Patients Taking Suppositories Containing Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)." Endoscopy 22, no. 03 (May 1990): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1012822.
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Rahman, Maksudur, Mak Azad Chowdhury, Md Mahbubul Hoque, Md Monir Hossain, and Golam Morshed Suman. "Tramadol suppository poisoning in children of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 43, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v43i3.49572.
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Background: Tramadol is an analgesic agent utilized in the treatment of different types of pain. Recently it was found that a few cases of tramadol poisoning were observed in hospitalized children. In all cases, it happened due to accidental administration of tramadol suppository.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical manifestations of tramadol suppository poisoning in children and to create public awareness about the prevention of this suppository poisoning.
Materials & Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, single-center caseseries study of hospitalized children in Dhaka Shishu Hospital during the periods of July 2016 to March 2017. Eleven patients with history of accidental intake of tramadol suppositories were enrolled in this study. Data regarding risk factors and clinical features were recorded and analyzed.
Results: In this study, 7/11(64%) cases were male and 4/11(36%) female. Mean age was 7.8 month and mean duration of hospital stay was 46.4 hours. Parecetamol in 2/11 (18%) cases and glycerin suppository in 9/11(82%) cases were main drugs that were supposed to be introduced instead of tramadol. Keeping drugs in same containers (11/11), similarities of suppository’s size, shape and color (11/11) were found as causes of mistakes in this study. Main clinical features were drowsiness in 4/11(36%) cases, tachycardia in 3/11(27%) cases and one case died.
Conclusions: More cautiousness of parents, dissimilarity among different suppository in color size, shape and using of different containers of drugs may be the preventive way of this poisoning.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (3) :157-160
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Safina, Asiya I., Olga V. Sharipova, Ildus Ya Lutfullin, Olga S. Naumova, and Maria A. Daminova. "Modern opportunities of interferons in treatment of children with COVID-19." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-1-59-65.
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Introduction. In 2020, most doctors were at the frontlines in the fight against the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In the process of searching for effective etiotropic drugs, news came in that type I interferons had been successfully used for the treatment of COVID-19. Choosing the optimal COVID-19 treatment strategy is of pivotal importance for vulnerable populations such as children.Objective of the study. To show our own experience in providing medical care to children with COVID-19 and present the results of a comparative study of the efficacy and safety of interferon alfa-2b drugs combined with highly active antioxidants in the complex COVID-19 therapy in children.Materials and methods. A comparative study of the efficacy and safety of interferon alfa-2b drugs combined with highly active antioxidants in the complex COVID-19 therapy in children was conducted. The study included children with a laboratoryconfirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 aged 1 – 17 years (n = 85). In the treatment group (n = 45), children received interferon alfa-2b drugs such as VIFERON® rectal suppositories and VIFERON® gel for topical administration according to the dosage regimen and standard therapy. In the control group (n = 40), children only received standard therapy in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia.Results and discussion. 3,696 patients, including 3,507 children, received medical care in the City Children’s Hospital No. 1 in Kazan since April 2020. The share of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among admitted children was 21% (n = 736), of which 85 were enrolled in the study to assess the efficacy of complex therapy with interferon alpha-2b drugs combined with highly active antioxidants. The interferon alfa-2b therapy of COVID-19 children reduced the duration of the key clinical symptoms of the disease by 1.5-4 days and the virus elimination time by 6 days.Conclusions. The use of interferon alfa-2b VIFERON® rectal suppositories and VIFERON® gel for topical administration according to the dose regimen in combination with the standard therapy in COVID-19 children contributed to faster elimination of clinical symptoms of the disease and virus elimination compared to the standard therapy.
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Shaimerdenova, Zh R. "Production Technology of Phytopreparations Based on Essential Oils." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 21, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj893.
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The article provides an overview of phytopreparations technology based on essential oils, in particular: criteria for the selection of components, qualitative and quantitative compositions analyzes, parameters of the technological cycle of production of drugs, problems of standardization and quality control of stages of the production of original drugs. A number of standard samples based on terpenoids for phased quality control of the production of medicinal products are described, which are included in the European, Kazakhstan and Japanese pharmacopeias. The main countries producing essential oils and their components, as well as manufacturers of phytopreparations based on them are indicated. The modern technologies for the production of essential oils from plant materials are reviewed, namely: microwave and ultrasonic extractions, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and micro-steam distillation with solid phase microextraction. The dosage forms of preparations based on essential oils (tablets, ointments, gels, oil solutions, suppositories, sprays, aerosols, nanocapsules), their relationship with bioavailability and therapeutic effect are discussed. Promising dosage forms that ensure dosage accuracy for the targeted action of drugs based on essential oils have been identified.
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El-Kommos, Michael E., Niveen A. Mohamed, and Ahmed F. Abdel Hakiem. "Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Using Methylene Blue." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 96, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-021.
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Abstract A simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate extractive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—namely diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac tromethamine, mefenamic acid, and naproxen—in pure forms as well as their pharmaceutical dosage forms (tablets, capsules, effervescent granules, syrups, oral drops, ampules, eye drops, gels, and suppositories). The method depends on the formation of an intensely colored ion-pair complex between the acidic drug and methylene blue in alkaline medium. The complex is stable and extractable into methylene chloride. All parameters were optimized. Beer-Lambert's law was obeyed in concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 9 μg/mL. Statistical analysis of the calibration data was carried out, and correlation coefficients were in the range from 0.9996 to 0.9998. The developed method was fully validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and complied with U.S. Pharmacopeia guidelines. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of the investigated drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations, and good recoveries were obtained. The results obtained were compared with those of reported and official methods, and no significant differences were found with t- and F-tests. Interference effects of some compounds usually present in combination with NSAIDs were studied, and the tolerance limits of these compounds were determined.
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Lohman, JJHM, and MM van der Kuy-de Ree. "Patterns of Specific Antimigraine Drug use – A Study Based on the Records of 18 Community Pharmacies." Cephalalgia 25, no. 3 (March 2005): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00843.x.
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The objective of this study was, first, to characterize the usage patterns of specific antimigraine drugs, and second, to compare these in patients with one type of drug with patients with two or more types of drug. Dispensing data on triptans and ergotamine were collected from community pharmacy records over a 1-year period. In a population of approximately 168 000 specific antimigraine medication has been dispensed to 2343 patients (1.4%). Oral dosage forms were prescribed in most prescriptions (77.1%), subcutaneous injections in 9.7%, rectal suppositories in 7.1% and nasal sprays in 6.1%. We identified 292 patients (12.5%) to whom more than one type of drug was dispensed. Multiple drugs patients showed significantly higher drug consumption and deviating patterns of specific antimigraine drug usage, receiving significantly more non-oral dosage forms (32.8% vs. 20.4%, P < 0.001). Our data indicate substantially suboptimal treatment of migraine patients.
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Knyazev, O. V., A. V. Kagramanova, and A. A. Lishchinskaya. "Evaluation of the efficacy of MMX mesalazine therapy for moderate ulcerative colitis." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-5-113-123.
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Introduction. Treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) requires continuous anti-relapse therapy. Mesalazines are the firstline disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of mild to moderate UC to manage exacerbations and to induce and maintain remission.This paper is aimed at comparing the efficacy of treatment of patients with pancolitis and left-sided ulcerative colitis of moderate severity, who received MMX mesalazine as monotherapy and MMX mesalazine combined with mesalazines in the form of microclysters and suppositories.Materials and methods. A comparative clinical evaluation of the outcomes of treatment of patients with moderate UC who received MMX mesalazine as monotherapy (group 1) and MMX mesalazine combined with topical mesalazine (microclysters, suppositories) (group 2) was carried out. 40 patients with UC (group 1) and 46 (group 2) were examined.Results and discussion. Two weeks after MMX mesalazine therapy initiation, 92.8% of patients in group 1 responded to MMX mesalazine therapy and continued using the drugs as monotherapy (without microclysters and suppositories). In group 1, 95.6% of patients responded to MMX mesalazine therapy and continued treatment with topical mesalazines (microclysters and suppositories). At week 12, 54.3% of 35 patients in group 1, who responded to MMX mesalazine therapy, achieved clinical remission, 45.7% achieved clinical endoscopic remission. The Mayo Score decreased from 8.0 ± 0.17 to 2.3 ± 0.3 points. At week 12, 57.1% of patients with UC in group 2, who responded to MMX mesalazine therapy, achieved clinical remission, and 42.9% achieved clinical and endoscopic remission. The Mayo Score decreased from 7.85 ± 0.14 to 2.4 ± 0.3 points. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of laboratory findings between the groups of patients at 12 weeks and at 52 weeks (p> 0.05).Conclusion. The long-term continuous administration of MMX mesalazine in patients with pancolitis and left-sided ulcerative colitis of moderate severity as monotherapy during the year is comparable in its efficacy with combined MMX mesalazine therapy and topical forms of mesalazine.
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Nosenko, O. M. "A modern view on cervicovaginal dysbiosis caused by bacterial vaginosis asocated bacteria and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida (Literature review and own data)." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(153) (September 29, 2020): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2020.153.74.
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The article presents modern literature data on the definition and etiopathogenesis of cervicovaginal dysbiosis caused by opportunistic microflora, as well as own data of a comparative study of the effectiveness of treatment of symptomatic cervicovaginal dysbiosis caused by a combination of bacterial vaginosis associated microorganisms and fungi of the genus Candida, using combined drugs containing ternidazole, neomycin, nystatin and prednisolone Na-metasulfobenzoate salt (Terzhinan®) or metronidazole and miconazole. The objective: comparing the effectiveness of treatment of symptomatic cervicovaginal dysbiosis caused by a combination of vaginally associated microorganisms and fungi of the genus Candida, using combined drugs containing ternidazole, neomycin, nystatin and salts of Na-metasulfonobenzoate prednisolone or metoconazole. Materials and methods. The study included 107 women of reproductive age with symptomatic mixed cervicovaginal dysbiosis caused by a combination of bacterial vaginosis associated microorganisms and fungi of the genus Candida, and 30 conditionally gynecologically and somatically healthy control subjects with cervicovaginal eubiosis. Blindly examined women with cervicovaginal dysbiosis were divided into two groups: the main group – 56 patients treated with intravaginal tablets Terzhinan®, the comparison group – 51 women who used vaginal suppositories containing metronidazole and miconazole. The dynamics of clinical data and the state of the cervicovaginal microbiota were evaluated by PCR before the start, one and three months after the end of treatment. Results. An open comparative analysis showed that with topical therapy with Terzhinan® vaginal tablets a month after the end of treatment, a positive clinical effect was observed in 89.29% of women and a microbiological effect in 91.07% of patients, after three months – in 85.71% and in 89.29% of patients, respectively, whereas with topical therapy with vaginal suppositories containing 750 mg of metronidazole and 200 mg of miconazole, respectively, one month after the end of treatment – in 68.73% and 72.55% of cases and after three months – in 62, 75% and 66.67% of cases. Conclusion. Topical monotherapy with Terzhinan® vaginal tablets in comparison with vaginal suppositories containing metronidazole and miconazole demonstrates the clinical and microbiological advantages of Terzhinan® in the treatment of cervicovaginal dysbiosis caused by bacterial vaginosis associated microflora and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Keywords: cervicovaginal microbiota, cervicovaginal dysbiosis, opportunistic microorganisms, bacterial vaginosis associated microorganisms, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, Terzhinan®, vaginal suppositories with metronidazole and miconazole, clinical efficacy, microbiological efficacy, safety, long-term results.
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Velts, N. Yu, T. M. Bukatina, E. O. Zhuravleva, G. V. Kutekhova, M. A. Darmostukova, Yu V. Olefir, B. K. Romanov, S. V. Glagolev, and V. A. Polivanov. "ON THE ISSUE OF SAFETY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 6, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2018-6-3-123-129.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are liders in selling both in the Russian Federation and worldwide. The combination of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects make the drugs of this group very popular in patients with various diseases. The realization of NSAIDs in pharmacies occurs both by prescription and over-the-counter, so the safety assessment of the use of this group of drugs remains relevant. In the current practice, self-administration (responsible selfmedication) of drugs of the NSAID group is an additional factor affecting the safety of their intake. According to the studies, about 40 % of patients taking NSAIDs consider that NSAIDS are absolutely safe, and more than 30 % of those taking OTC NSAIDs use them in excess of the recommended dosages. We analyzed 3963 individual case safety reports (ICSR) in the federal database «Pharmacovigilance» from 07.12.2008 to 31.08.2017. The inclusion criterions was the presence of information on the off-label application of NSAIDs in the ICSR, reports of adverse effects that may be associated with the use of this drug or erroneous reports on the active substance, which was not present in this drug. The most frequent mistakes in the application were an increase of the daily dose, a change in the method of administration to patient who are contraindicated with this drug. There were 9 ICSR of burning sensation in the anus with the introduction of ibuprofen suppositories (not in the label), and 7 ICSR of ineffectiveness of the active substance, which was not present in this drug.
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LÖWY, ILANA. "‘Sexual chemistry’ before the Pill: science, industry and chemical contraceptives, 1920–1960." British Journal for the History of Science 44, no. 2 (September 27, 2010): 245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087410000762.
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AbstractThe history of contraceptives met the history of drugs long before the invention of the contraceptive pill. In the first half of the twentieth century, numerous pharmaceutical laboratories, including major ones, manufactured and marketed chemical contraceptives: jellies, suppositories, creams, powders and foams applied locally to prevent conception. Efforts to put an end to the marginal status of these products and to transform them into ‘ethical’ drugs played an important role in the development of standardized laboratory tests of efficacy of contraceptive preparations; debates on the validity of such tests; evaluation of the long-term toxicity of chemical compounds; and the rise of collaborations between activists, non-profit organizations and the pharmaceutical industry. Chemical contraceptives were initially associated with quack medicine, shady commercial practices and doubtful morality. Striving to change the status of contraceptives and to promote safe and efficient products that reduced fertility in humans shaped some of the key features of the present-day production and regulation of pharmaceuticals.
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Osikov, М. V., Е. V. Simonyan, A. E. Bakeeva, and O. I. Ogneva. "Immunotropic effects of Curcuma longa extract as a component of original rectal suppositories in the dynamics of experimental Сrohn’s disease." Medical Immunology (Russia) 22, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-ieo-1875.
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Crohn’s disease is an urgent problem of modern gastroenterology due to increasing prevalence, severity of complications and side effects of the basic therapy, in particular upon treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Searching, development and trials of new effective drugs with minimal side effects in Crohn’s disease is an urgent task. Curcuma longa is one of the initial substances containing curcumin with antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory properties. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in few studies with its systemic use in Crohn’s disease treatment. Our aim was to perform a comparative analysis of curcumin and 5-ASA effect applied as a composition of rectal suppositories, studying clinical signs and indices of immune status in experimental Crohn’s disease. The study was performed on 70 Wistar male rats. Crohn’s disease was modeled by introduction of a 50% alcohol solution of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) per rectum, and verified by clinical and morphological methods. Rectal suppositories, each containing 50 mg of 5-ASA and original suppositories containing 0.075 mg of curcumin were used over 12 hours during 7 days. The studies were performed on the 3rd , 5th and 7th days of Crohn’s disease.In the course of experimental TNBS-induced Crohn’s disease in animals, an increased frequency of bowel motility, appearance of blood in the stool, decreased body weight progressed from the 3rd to the 7th days of observation, along with increased number in CD3+, CD45RA+ lymphocytes in blood, higher number of segmented neutrophils, lower absorption and NBT-reducing activity of blood neutrophils, increased serum concentrations of IL-23, IgM, IgG. Composition of the new medication form was justified; production technology and standardization of the suppositories containing curcumin for the treatment for Crohn’s disease were developed. Usage of rectal suppositories with curcumin is associated with decreased severity of clinical signs, decrease and partial restoration of segmented neutrophils, CD3+ lymphocyte numbers in blood, recovery of absorption and NBT-reducing ability of blood neutrophils, and decrease of IL-23, IgM, IgG concentrations in serum. The effectiveness of rectal suppositories with curcumin is compared to the effectiveness of the use of rectal suppositories with 5-ASA in terms of disease activity index, the number of neutrophils and CD3+ lymphocytes in the blood, serum concentrations of IL-23, IgM and IgG, in, at lesser extent, in terms of absorption and NBT- reducing ability of blood neutrophils.The composition and production technology of rectal suppositories with curcuminwas developed; the leukocyte populations, CD3+, CD45RA+ lymphocytesin blood were assesed, neutrophil absorption and NBT-reducing ability, IL-23, IgM and IgG concentrations were determined; the use of rectal suppositories with curcumin in experimental Crohn’s disease is comparable with the effectiveness of rectal suppositories with 5-ASA.
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Fix, J. A., K. Engle, P. A. Porter, P. S. Leppert, S. J. Selk, C. R. Gardner, and J. Alexander. "Acylcarnitines: drug absorption-enhancing agents in the gastrointestinal tract." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 251, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): G332—G340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.251.3.g332.
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Acylcarnitines were tested as potential absorption-enhancing agents for drugs that are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Urethan-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats and conscious Beagle dogs were used. Palmitoyl-DL-carnitine was the most effective acylcarnitine tested, although significant increases in drug absorption were observed with acylcarnitines containing C12 through C18 fatty acid chains. Palmitoyl-DL-carnitine afforded significant increases in the absorption of cefoxitin, gentamicin, cytarabine, somatostatin analogue, and alpha-methyldopa. The response to palmitoyl-DL-carnitine was concentration dependent and reversible within 60-120 min. Histological examination of the intestinal tissue revealed no apparent change in mucosal structural integrity at doses of palmitoyl-DL-carnitine that resulted in increased drug absorption. The acylcarnitines were effective in increasing drug absorption from the small intestine and the rectal compartment of both rats and dogs. The data also demonstrated effectiveness with aqueous and solid dosage forms (Witepsol H-15 suppositories). The data suggest that acylcarnitines may be effective and safe absorption-enhancing agents for a variety of drugs.
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Niagmatullina, V. R., S. N. Egorova, D. P. Chuvashova, and Yu V. Filippov. "Comprehensive analysis of the range of serotonergic agents and substances for their production registered in Russia." JOURNAL of SIBERIAN MEDICAL SCIENCES, no. 2 (2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31549/2542-1174-2021-2-37-48.
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The article presents the characteristics of serotonergic drugs (mode of action, classifi cation, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, drug interactions with medicinal products of other pharmacological groups). The domestic pharmaceutical market of serotonergic drug products (DP) and substances for their production registered in the Russian Federation (RF) was analyzed. It was established that the pharmaceutical market of serotonergic agents in the RF is quite diverse. Various pharmacological groups of drugs (anxiolytic, antiemetic, vasodilatory and peripheral circulation improving, evacuant, hemostatic and anti-migraine agents) are presented in various dosage forms (tablets — 5.71%; fi lm-coated tablets — 41.43%; injectable solution for intravenous and intramuscular use — 34.28%; concentrate for preparation of solution for injections — 8.57%; solutions for intravenous administration and rectal suppositories — by 2.86%; syrup, freeze-dried tablets and capsules — by 1.43%). The leading role in the Russian pharmaceutical market belongs to domestic manufacturers of serotonergic DP (59.70%), which are mainly presented by generic drugs. Foreign manufacturers own 40.30% of the market for serotonergic DP, with the leading positions held by manufacturers of India (8.96%), Switzerland (5.97%), Israel (4.48%). The analysis of the range of pharmaceutical substances for the production of serotonergic DP showed that the Russian pharmaceutical market is dominated by foreign manufacturers (52.38%). The proportion of domestic providers accounts for 47.62% of the manufacturers of substances registered in the Russian Federation.
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Bialik, Maria, Marzena Kuras, Marcin Sobczak, and Ewa Oledzka. "Achievements in Thermosensitive Gelling Systems for Rectal Administration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 23, 2021): 5500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115500.
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Rectal drug delivery is an effective alternative to oral and parenteral treatments. This route allows for both local and systemic drug therapy. Traditional rectal dosage formulations have historically been used for localised treatments, including laxatives, hemorrhoid therapy and antipyretics. However, this form of drug dosage often feels alien and uncomfortable to a patient, encouraging refusal. The limitations of conventional solid suppositories can be overcome by creating a thermosensitive liquid suppository. Unfortunately, there are currently only a few studies describing their use in therapy. However, recent trends indicate an increase in the development of this modern therapeutic system. This review introduces a novel rectal drug delivery system with the goal of summarising recent developments in thermosensitive liquid suppositories for analgesic, anticancer, antiemetic, antihypertensive, psychiatric, antiallergic, anaesthetic, antimalarial drugs and insulin. The report also presents the impact of various types of components and their concentration on the properties of this rectal dosage form. Further research into such formulations is certainly needed in order to meet the high demand for modern, efficient rectal gelling systems. Continued research and development in this field would undoubtedly further reveal the hidden potential of rectal drug delivery systems.
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Zabolotna, A., and A. Senchuk. "Clinical and laboratory efficiency of using anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drugs for the treatment of acute salpingoophoritis." Likarska sprava, no. 7-8 (December 30, 2018): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.7-8.2018(22).
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We studied clinical and laboratory efficacy of using comprehensive anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agents for the treatment of 100 patients with acute salpingoophoritis.The criteria for attracting patients to the study were: age 18 to 45 years and diagnosis "acute salpingoophoritis" (pain radiating to the lower extremities and groin, at least in the lower back and rectum, symptoms of intoxication (fever, tachycardia), increased secretory function). The nearest and remote results of treatment (in 14 days and after 6–9 months after initiation of therapy) pointed to the high efficiency of the proposed complex anti-inflammatory therapy involving complex antibacterial drug (antibacterial and antiprotozoal orientation) in combination with a local anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, proteolytic (rectal suppositories with streptokinase and streptodornase) therapy of acute salpingoophoritis. Taking the used effectiveness criteria (data of pain, data of general and gynecological examination, hemogram data, smear microscopy of the cervix and vagina, pelvic ultrasound, complications, duration of treatment, side effects of therapy) treatment efficiency of patients was 96 %.High efficiency of treatment is not accompanied by side effects and is well tolerated by patients.
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Zabolotna, A., and A. Senchuk. "Clinical and laboratory efficiency of using anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drugs for the treatment of acute salpingoophoritis." Likarska sprava, no. 7-8 (December 30, 2018): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/vd.7-8.2018(22).
Full textAbstract:
We studied clinical and laboratory efficacy of using comprehensive anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agents for the treatment of 100 patients with acute salpingoophoritis.The criteria for attracting patients to the study were: age 18 to 45 years and diagnosis "acute salpingoophoritis" (pain radiating to the lower extremities and groin, at least in the lower back and rectum, symptoms of intoxication (fever, tachycardia), increased secretory function). The nearest and remote results of treatment (in 14 days and after 6–9 months after initiation of therapy) pointed to the high efficiency of the proposed complex anti-inflammatory therapy involving complex antibacterial drug (antibacterial and antiprotozoal orientation) in combination with a local anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, proteolytic (rectal suppositories with streptokinase and streptodornase) therapy of acute salpingoophoritis. Taking the used effectiveness criteria (data of pain, data of general and gynecological examination, hemogram data, smear microscopy of the cervix and vagina, pelvic ultrasound, complications, duration of treatment, side effects of therapy) treatment efficiency of patients was 96 %.High efficiency of treatment is not accompanied by side effects and is well tolerated by patients.
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DEHGHANI, Seyed Mohsen, Hazhir JAVAHERIZADEH, Mahmood HAGHIGHAT, Mohammad-Hadi IMANIEH, and Saeed GHANBARI. "BOWEL PREPARATION BEFORE COLONOSCOPY FOR CHILDREN: comparison of efficacy of three different methods." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 52, no. 4 (December 2015): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032015000400011.
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Background - Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Adequate bowel preparation is mandatory. Several regimens were discussed in the literature. Among the drugs which has recently used, polyethylene glycol is one of the most popular agents. Objectives - The aim of this study was to compare efficacy of three different methods for 1 day preparation before colonoscopy. Methods - This study included children with the range of ages (2-21) who had an indication of colonoscopy. Exclusion criteria were based on the history of previous surgery, parental disagreement, and patients who did not use preparation protocol. Three methods for bowel preparation were studied: 1- Polyethylene glycol only; 2- Polyethylene glycol and bisacodyl suppositories; 3- Polyethylene glycol plus normal saline enema. Boston Bowel Preparation Score was used for evaluation of preparation. SPSS version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) were used for data analysis. Results - In this study 83 cases completed the bowel preparation completely. Acceptable bowel preparation was seen in 24 (85.71%), 36 (94.73%), and 14 (82.35%) of cases in PEG, PEG + bisacodyl, and PEG + normal saline enema groups respectively. PEG + bisacodyl suppositories was more effective than PEG + normal saline for the preparation of the first segment ( P=0.05). For second and third segment of colon, BPPS score was higher in PEG + bisacodyl suppositories compared to other regimens, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion - There was no significant difference between 1 day colonoscopy regimens in terms of bowel preparation score. Lowest score was seen in PEG + enema group compared to other group.
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Drozdov, V. N., A. A. Bagdasaryan, S. Yu Serebrova, K. M. Muratov, A. K. Starodubtsev, and D. A. Bondarenko. "The optimal choice of an analgesic and antipyretic drug in paediatric practice." Medical Council, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-2-106-112.
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Onset of fever and pain syndrome in children is one of the most frequent reasons parents take their children to a paediatrician. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to relieve such symptoms. The mechanism of action of NSAIDs is to inhibit the activity of the enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX). Paracetamol, one of the drugs that inhibit COX, exerts its pharmacodynamic effect in the central nervous system, thereby providing antipyretic and analgesic effects, but it is ineffective in stopping inflammation. Such common conditions in children as fever and pain syndrome of mild to medium intensity are among the indications for use of Efferalgan containing paracetamol as an active ingredient. Solution and rectal suppositories are the most commonly used dosage forms of Efferalgan in children, as these dosage forms can be used, when the child reaches 1 and 3 months of age, respectively. The correct dose of paracetamol for a child depends on their weight. It should be remembered that the relief of a fever or pain syndrome is a symptomatic treatment. Therefore, if they appear, you should visit a doctor to identify carefully the possible cause and select the appropriate therapy.
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Klesov, R. A., N. N. Karkischenko, O. I. Stepanova, and E. L. Matveyenko. "Drug-Induced Injury of the Gastrointestinal System and Methods for Its Correction (A Review)." Journal Biomed 16, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-16-3-14-34.
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Common complications of pharmacotherapy involve damage to the gastrointestinal tract, development of resistance to traditional therapy, destruction of the intramural nervous system of the intestines, changes in the opportunistic microflora, dysfunctions of the intestinal immune system. According to WHO experts, diseases of the digestive system are expected to become one of the leading causes of disability. This paper reviews current publications on drug-induced injuries of the gastrointestinal tract, including those induced by drugs aimed at preventing such conditions. Side effects of NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, minerals, neuroleptics, antibiotics, cytostatics, saluretics, anticoagulants, contraceptives, as well as enemas, suppositories and other drugs are described. Published review papers paid significant attention to drug-induced injuries of the stomach; however, there is a lack of data on drug-induced lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper aims to brigde this gap. New approaches to correction and organ protection are described. The epigenetic issues related to the pluripotency of stem cells are considered. In the Russian Federation, a regulatory framework was created to regulate all the fundamental processes associated with the production and use of biomedical cell products and biotechnologies.
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Zamanian, Forough, Mohammad Jalili, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Maryam Kia, Rokhsareh Aghili, and Seyed Mojtaba Aghili. "Morphine Suppository versus Indomethacin Suppository in the Management of Renal Colic: Randomized Clinical Trial." Pain Research and Treatment 2016 (March 17, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4981585.
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Background. Renal colic is a medical emergency due to the rapid onset and devastating nature of its pain. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are both used as first-line choices in its management. Aim. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of opioids and NSAIDs in the management of acute renal colic. Methods. One hundred and fifty-eight patients were divided into two groups (n=79) and received either 10 mg morphine or 100 mg indomethacin suppositories. The severity of pain was measured using verbal numeric rating scale at baseline and 20, 40, 60, and 90 minutes after the administration of analgesics. Drug side effects as well as patients’ vital signs were also recorded. Results. The mean decrease in the pain score during the first 20 minutes was significantly higher among those who received morphine suppository. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the mean decrease in pain score during the first 40, 60, and 90 minutes after the admission. Prevalence of drug side effects or changes in the vital signs was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions. Morphine suppositories seem to be more efficient in achieving rapid pain relief comparing to indomethacin.
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Gupta, Shweta, Rajesh Kesarla, and Abdelwahab Omri. "Formulation Strategies to Improve the Bioavailability of Poorly Absorbed Drugs with Special Emphasis on Self-Emulsifying Systems." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2013 (December 26, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/848043.
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Poorly water-soluble drug candidates are becoming more prevalent. It has been estimated that approximately 60–70% of the drug molecules are insufficiently soluble in aqueous media and/or have very low permeability to allow for their adequate and reproducible absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) following oral administration. Formulation scientists have to adopt various strategies to enhance their absorption. Lipidic formulations are found to be a promising approach to combat the challenges. In this review article, potential advantages and drawbacks of various conventional techniques and the newer approaches specifically the self-emulsifying systems are discussed. Various components of the self-emulsifying systems and their selection criteria are critically reviewed. The attempts of various scientists to transform the liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) to solid-SEDDS by adsorption, spray drying, lyophilization, melt granulation, extrusion, and so forth to formulate various dosage forms like self emulsifying capsules, tablets, controlled release pellets, beads, microspheres, nanoparticles, suppositories, implants, and so forth have also been included. Formulation of SEDDS is a potential strategy to deliver new drug molecules with enhanced bioavailability mostly exhibiting poor aqueous solubility. The self-emulsifying system offers various advantages over other drug delivery systems having potential to solve various problems associated with drugs of all the classes of biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS).
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Lapina, Irina A., Julia E. Dobrokhotova, Vladislav V. Taranov, and Tatiana G. Chirvon. "Prevention of dysbiotic and inflammatory diseases of the vagina and vulva after surgical correction of genital prolapse and stress urinary incontinence." Gynecology 22, no. 6 (December 24, 2020): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2020.6.200547.
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Normal vaginal microflora consists of a wide range of microorganisms that maintain optimal vaginal milieu, preventing the development of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the vulva and vagina. However, the use of drugs, changes in hormonal status, urinary incontinence and pelvic floor dysfunction can disrupt the optimal balance of the vaginal microbiota, which leads to the development of dysbiotic pathological processes. The first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence is the installation of suburethral slings. If incontinence is combined with a cystocele, it is advisable to perform reconstructive surgery for anterior vaginal wall, which has high both anatomical and functional efficacy. Surgical correction of genital prolapse and stress urinary incontinence requires bladder catheterization, which further increases the risk for dysbiotic and inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract. The widespread use of antibiotic therapy leads to the formation of resistant strains of microorganisms and is not always fully realized, especially in the presence of post void residual urine in the postoperative period. Vaginal Zalain suppositories are highly sensitive to Candida species, and the use of Zalagel Intim gel is associated not only with antifungal, but also anti-inflammatory effect. Complex therapy with Zalain suppositories and Zalagel Intim gel is highly effective in the treatment of cytolytic, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and can also be used as the prevention of infectious complications after corrective interventions for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.
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Hosseini, Shabnam, Oliver Wetzel, Kathrin Kostka, Marc Heggen, Kateryna Loza, and Matthias Epple. "Pathways for Oral and Rectal Delivery of Gold Nanoparticles (1.7 nm) and Gold Nanoclusters into the Colon: Enteric-Coated Capsules and Suppositories." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 5069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165069.
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Two ways to deliver ultrasmall gold nanoparticles and gold-bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoclusters to the colon were developed. First, oral administration is possible by incorporation into gelatin capsules that were coated with an enteric polymer. These permit the transfer across the stomach whose acidic environment damages many drugs. The enteric coating dissolves due to the neutral pH of the colon and releases the capsule’s cargo. Second, rectal administration is possible by incorporation into hard-fat suppositories that melt in the colon and then release the nanocarriers. The feasibility of the two concepts was demonstrated by in-vitro release studies and cell culture studies that showed the easy redispersibility after dissolution of the respective transport system. This clears a pathway for therapeutic applications of drug-loaded nanoparticles to address colon diseases, such as chronic inflammation and cancer.
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Beliy, L. E. "Prostatic peptides for the correction of pathospermia in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis." Medical Council, no. 21 (January 20, 2019): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-21-178-182.
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The study aims to assess the effectiveness of prostatic biopeptides in the comprehensive treatment of prospermia in men with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Microscopic and bacteriological examination of the prostate gland secretion was performed in order to confirm the presence of the disease. The findings of spermograms were interpreted according to the reference values of the ejaculate parameters recommended by WHO in 2010. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the therapy. The patients in both groups received the standard 4-week nonsurgical therapy (antibiotics, α-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). After completing the course of standard therapy, patients of Group 1 (31 people) received a standard amount of antioxidants for the following 4 weeks to correct prospermia. In addition to antioxidants, the patients of Group 2 (37 people) were assigned to rectal administration of prostate extract suppositories, one suppository once a day. It has been established that the long-term drug therapy is required for the correction of prospermia in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis. The standard nonsurgical therapy consisting of antibiotics, β-blockers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs does not lead to a significant improvement in the key ejaculate parameters. The use of prostatic biopeptides improves the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sperm motility, which is a valuable result of therapy for patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis, who make reproductive life plans.
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Katsaraba, O. A., V. Y. Stefanyk, Ye Ye Kostyshyn, R. N. Sachuk, and O. V. Kulinich. "Application of intrauterine aerosol preparation for the treatment of cows with postpartum complications." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 87 (April 26, 2018): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8711.
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Despite the detailed study of the causes of postpartum endometritis in cows, its course and the implementation of therapeutic and prophylactic measures aimed at preventing obstetric and gynecological pathology, this problem remains extremely relevant and requires comprehensive improvement. Traditional treatment regimens for cows using local therapy include not always effective intrauterine drugs. Therefore, for the treatment of postnatal infections in animals it is better to use highly active drugs in the form of complexes with aerosols. The purpose of the work was to study the therapeutic and prophylactic properties of the foam-forming aerosol preparation «Yodozol» with the comprehensive use of the drugs «Uterodev» and «Devivit Complex» at postpartum endometritis in cows. To study the therapeutic efficacy of the drug «Yodozol» in combination with these drugs, an experimental group (intravenously 1 bottle of foaming aerosol preparation «Yodozol», twice with an interval of 5 days, «Uterodev» was injected intramuscularly in a dose of 10 ml twice with an interval of 24 hours, «Devivit Complex» was administered once intramuscularly at a dose of 30 ml of a single animal product, «BTF plus» subcutaneously at a dose of 15 ml per animal at an interval of 24 hours for 5 days) and control (intramuscularly administered «Yodopen» suppositories 1 suppository 1 time per day with an interval of 24 hours for 3 days, together with subcutaneous single dose «Oxytocin» in a dose of 6 ml per animal) per 10 animals in each of which the postnatal endometritis was diagnosed. Before and after the administration of drugs in cows suffering from postpartum endometritis, blood was taken for general blood analysis, which was taken aseptically from the jugular vein until the morning feeding. The number of erythrocytes and leukocytes was determined by direct counting in the counting chamber of Goryaev's net, hemoglobin – by Sali method. In the blood of cows after administration of drugs, the content of erythrocytes increased by 1.3 times (P ≤ 0.05), leukocytes and hemoglobin increased by 1.1 times (P ≤ 0.05), compared with similar indices prior to administration, indicating stimulation of erythrocytes and leukopoiesis. The use of «Yodozol» aerosol in combination with «Uterodev», «Devivit Complex» and «BTF plus» preparations during 7 days provided 90% recovery of cows. In the control group of cows, recovery was observed in 65% of cows for 10 days. After recovery of experimental group cows, the service period decreased by 53.0 ± 6.0 days (P ≤ 0.05), the index of insemination decreased by 0.6 units, as compared to similar indicators of control cows.
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Al-Shukri, S. H., I. V. Kuzmin, N. O. Shabudina, M. N. Slesarevskaya, and Yu A. Ignashov. "The role of vasoactive medicine in treatment and rehabilitation of women with chronic pelvic pain syndrome." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2017-16-2-25-31.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose of the study: to analyze thee influence of vasoactive drugs in combination treatment in women with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Methods. 177 women with CPPS were examined. The average age was from 18 to 84 years (32.6±9.3). The duration of the disease ranged from 6 months to 6 years (an average of 2.7±0.9 years). To study the microcirculation of the bladder, the original technique of intravesical high-frequency ultrasonic dopplerography was used. An assessment of the intensity of the pain syndrome and urination disorders was carried out using the PUF questionnaire, and an evaluation of the psychoemotional status using the depression scale of A.T. Back. Results. After the examination, all patients with CPPS (n=177) were divided into 2 groups. In the 1st group (n=88) patients got standard therapy in the form of instillations of the bladder and suppositories with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In the 2nd group (n=89), the patients received therapy in combination with a vasoactive drug (pentoxifylline in a dose 200 mg per day), 10 days. Analysis of the results of intravesical dopplerography of the bladder revealed differences in the state of microcirculation in women with CPPS, depending on the treatment regimen. The parameters of the microcirculatory bed have significantly improved at the arterial and capillary levels in patients with CPPS who got combined therapy with vasoactive drugs. The conducted therapy led to a significant decrease in the severity of the symptoms, which was confirmed with the questionnaire «Scale of Pelvic Pain Symptoms, Mandatory, Frequent Urination» and evaluation of the psychoemotional state according to the depression scale of A.T. Back. Conclusion. Insufficient effectiveness of standard CPPS therapy is caused in particular by altered blood flow in the bladder in this category of patients. Therefore, it is advisable to include vasoactive drugs in combination therapy of CPPS in women.
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Салій, О. О., Г. І. Кузьміна, Л. А. Фуклева, and В. В. Манацюк. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВАЛІДАЦІЙНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МЕТОДИКИ КІЛЬКІСНОГО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПАРАЦЕТАМОЛУ ТА ЙОГО ОСНОВНОЇ ДОМІШКИ В РЕКТАЛЬНИХ СУПОЗИТОРІЯХ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.12.
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Еxploration of validation characteristicsof the method for the quantitative determination of paracetamol and its main impurity 4-aminophenol in rectal suppositories by spectrophotometry (UV) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Spectrophotometric measurements were carried out on a UV VIS Lambda 35 spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, USA) in cuvettes l = 1 cm. We used a Waters 2695 liquid chromatography with a Waters 2489 UV-detector, as well as a Nucleosil C18 chromatographic column with a size of 250 × 4.6 mm, filled with octadecylsilyl sorbent with a particle size of 10 microns. We used reagents: purified water, which was obtained from the Milli Q plant, manufactured by Millipore Corporation (Germany), sodium hydroxide Sigma-Aldrich, cat. № 06203, sodium 1-butanesulfonate Sigma-Aldrich, cat. № 19022-10G-F; ethanol 96%, methanol Sigma-Aldrich (purity 99.9%), formic acid Sigma-Aldrich, cat. № 33015. Validation characteristics were confirmed as specificity, correctness, precision. The total predicted uncertainty of the analytical method for quantitative determination and the limit of quantitative determination of the main impurity of paracetamol, at which the signal-to-noise ratio is fulfilled, is 10% of the initial concentration of the reference solution (0.5 μg / ml). Confirmed linearity for quantitative determination of paracetamol content in the range of 80 to 120% of the nominal value. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out; the correlation coefficient of the linear dependence (r) between the entered and found values for the quantitative determination of paracetamol is > 0.990, which indicates the correctness of the method. Methods for the quantitative determination of paracetamol and its main impurity in suppositories have been developed and validated. The method for quantitative determination of paracetamol in suppositories is significantly simpler for routine control of a batch of drugs and is cost-effective compared to the HPLC method. The obtained experimental results indicate that according to the studied validation characteristics, the technique is correct and can be reproduced in other laboratories.
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Салій, О. О., Г. І. Кузьміна, Л. А. Фуклева, and В. В. Манацюк. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВАЛІДАЦІЙНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МЕТОДИКИ КІЛЬКІСНОГО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПАРАЦЕТАМОЛУ ТА ЙОГО ОСНОВНОЇ ДОМІШКИ В РЕКТАЛЬНИХ СУПОЗИТОРІЯХ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.12.
Full textAbstract:
Еxploration of validation characteristicsof the method for the quantitative determination of paracetamol and its main impurity 4-aminophenol in rectal suppositories by spectrophotometry (UV) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Spectrophotometric measurements were carried out on a UV VIS Lambda 35 spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, USA) in cuvettes l = 1 cm. We used a Waters 2695 liquid chromatography with a Waters 2489 UV-detector, as well as a Nucleosil C18 chromatographic column with a size of 250 × 4.6 mm, filled with octadecylsilyl sorbent with a particle size of 10 microns. We used reagents: purified water, which was obtained from the Milli Q plant, manufactured by Millipore Corporation (Germany), sodium hydroxide Sigma-Aldrich, cat. № 06203, sodium 1-butanesulfonate Sigma-Aldrich, cat. № 19022-10G-F; ethanol 96%, methanol Sigma-Aldrich (purity 99.9%), formic acid Sigma-Aldrich, cat. № 33015. Validation characteristics were confirmed as specificity, correctness, precision. The total predicted uncertainty of the analytical method for quantitative determination and the limit of quantitative determination of the main impurity of paracetamol, at which the signal-to-noise ratio is fulfilled, is 10% of the initial concentration of the reference solution (0.5 μg / ml). Confirmed linearity for quantitative determination of paracetamol content in the range of 80 to 120% of the nominal value. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out; the correlation coefficient of the linear dependence (r) between the entered and found values for the quantitative determination of paracetamol is > 0.990, which indicates the correctness of the method. Methods for the quantitative determination of paracetamol and its main impurity in suppositories have been developed and validated. The method for quantitative determination of paracetamol in suppositories is significantly simpler for routine control of a batch of drugs and is cost-effective compared to the HPLC method. The obtained experimental results indicate that according to the studied validation characteristics, the technique is correct and can be reproduced in other laboratories.
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Naeck-Boolauky, Pineshwari, Jitka Adio, and Jennie Burch. "Review of normal gastrointestinal tract, ulcerative colitis, proctitis and rectal medication adherence." British Journal of Nursing 29, no. 14 (July 23, 2020): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.14.805.
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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has a number of functions—ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination. When the GI tract is working normally, it is efficient. However, this can change when disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurs. IBD is a long-term relapsing and remitting autoimmune disease; it incorporates ulcerative colitis (UC). In UC, part or all the mucosa lining the rectum and colon becomes inflamed and ulcerated. UC that affects the rectum only is called proctitis. Effective treatment is essential. It is better to target the rectal mucosa directly in proctitis, using topical rectal medications in enemas or suppositories, as these have fewer side-effects and resolve symptoms more quickly than systemic drugs. However, patients may not feel clear about aspects of their IBD care and can find it difficult to initiate and comply with treatment and maintenance regimens. Nurses need to educate and support them to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes in both the immediate and long terms.
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Romanenko, T. G., and O. M. Sulimenko. "The effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(133) (September 30, 2018): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.133.111.
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Evidence-based medicine is an approach to medical practice in which the decision on the appointment of therapeutic, diagnostic or preventive measures is based on the evidence of their effectiveness and safety. The objective: assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the use of NSAIDs in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. Under our supervision, there were 101 women of reproductive age with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) on the background of chronic inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs. Patients, depending on the received treatment, were randomly divided into two groups: Group I (n=54) – complex antibiotic (AB) therapy was conducted in combination with antiplatelet agents, antihypoxants, analgesics; Group II (n=47) – complex antibiotic (AB) therapy was performed in combination with antiplatelet agents, antihypoxants and NSAIDs (DICLOSAFE, diclofenac sodium 100 mg). The exclusion criterion was the presence of an endometriosis in a patient. When patients were included in the study and 6 months after the completion of the treatment, a questionnaire was conducted to determine the severity of the pain syndrome, psychological status and quality of life. Results. Positive dynamics of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the pain syndrome, as well as dynamics of its intensity as a result of conservative treatment for 6 months in group ІІ, was noted. Also, in group ІІ, statistically significant data on the reduction of depression and personal anxiety are noted, in contrast to the indicators of group I. The results of the questionnaire of patients in group II after treatment indicated improvement of all components of physical health. Statistically significant differences with the indicators of Group I were obtained on the scale of the effect of pain on daily activity (BP). In addition, after treatment in the II group, the patients showed statistically significant changes in mental health and all its components: vital activity (VT), social activity (SF), limitation of daily activity due to emotional problems (RE) and mental health I (MH). Conclusion. Pathogenetically grounded use of NSAIDs (DICLOSAFE suppositories) in the complex treatment of patients with CPPS allows to achieve a significant improvement in quality of life indicators due to the correction of pain syndrome. Key words: chronic pelvic pain syndrome, treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Zaychenko, G. V., and Yu O. Tatskiy. "PROSTATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MACLURA POMIFERA OIL EXTRACT AND THE WAY IT IS IMPLEMENTED." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.1.2021.09.
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Relevance. In the experiment, it was shown that in rats with a sulpiride induced prostate hyperplasia (SGP) which was treated by the Maclura Pomifera oil extract (OEM), a prostatic index is normalized, biochemical indicators and morphofunctional state of the prostate are improved. However, the mechanism of implementing corrective influence remains unknown.
Objective: to exam the contribution of hormonally mediated signaling pathways of the mechanism of pharmacological effect of oil extract in the form of rectal suppositories at the experimental hyperplasia of the prostate in rats.
Materials and methods. On 60 rats of both sexes, acute toxicity of the active substance was studied with intragastric administration of OEM (dose on the active substance 5000 mg/kg, n = 12) or suppositories mass with OEM (dose for the active substance of 1500 mg/kg, n = 12). Under rectal administration, toxicity was investigated with the introduction of OEM (dose of the active substance 1000 mg/kg, n = 12) or suppositories mass with OEM (dose for the active substance 300 mg/kg, n = 12). A group of intact control amounted to 12 rats. The SGP model was created in rats (age 9-11 months, body mass 330-360 g, n = 18) by sulpiride (40 mg / kg, i.p., 30 days). The rats of the control group (n = 6) were obtained with 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl, i.m. From 31 to 51 days of the experiment, rats in the therapeutic mode were treated with OEM suppositories (380 mg/kg, n = 12) or a reference drag Prostaplant Forte (35 mg/kg, n = 6) once a day. The testosterone (Tc) and E2 content, level 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) were determined by the immunoferment method in serum. In the prostate homogenate, the content of 5α-reductase (5αR) was studied, as well as the concentration of androgenic (AR) and estrogenic (Erα) receptors.
Results. Toxic influence on the internal organs and deaths of animals after the introduction of the maximum possible amounts of OEM was not observed. The use of suppositories with OEM in rats with SGP normalized the content of sex hormones. Significant inhibition of 5αR activity and a decrease in the content of AR, as well as an increase in the content of ERα, were detected. The group with the introduction of the Prostaplant forte was observed similar improvements. It was assumed that the implementation of the antiproliferative effect of the MEM is carried out due to the coexpression of the ERα and ERβ, which leads to the blocking of the ERα ability to react to the ligand (estrogen) and to a decrease in cell proliferation.
Conclusions. 1. Extract of Maclura refers to the ІV class of toxicity with intragastric and rectal administration (low-toxic substances). 2. The use of suppositories with OEM in rats with SGPH normalizes the functional activity of the prostate, which is confirmed by the normalization of the content of sex hormones. 3. Extract of Maclura in the prostate cells inhibits 5α-reductase activity, reduces androgen receptors and the testosterone ratio/androgen receptors as the same to drugs with 5α-reductase inhibition action. 4. Phytosuppositories with OEM in a dose of 380 mg/kg do not inferior on the efficiency of the prostatoprotective action of the referens drag Prostaplant forte in a dose of 35 mg/kg.
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Neymark, Aleksandr I., Boris A. Neymark, Nikolay A. Nozdrachev, Andrej V. Davydov, Irina V. Kablova, Yaroslava V. Yakovets, Vladimir P. Levin, and Anzhelika Yu Plotnikova. "Possibilities of proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of some forms of male infertility." Urology reports (St. - Petersburg) 10, no. 3 (October 26, 2020): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/uroved35132.
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In the study 46 men with impaired fertility and the presence of viscosipathy were included. The patients age ranged from 22 to 45 years, the average duration of infertility in marriage was 3.5 2.4 years. All patients with Longidaza drugs according to the following scheme were treated. First, ten intramuscular injections of Longidaza lyophilisate were performed to prepare a solution of 3000 IU once every five days, then Longidaza suppositories 3000 IU rectally once every three days were prescribed, for a total of 15 suppositories. The total duration of the course of treatment is 90 days. A decrease in sperm viscosity from 2.1 0.05 cm to 0.6 0.07 cm (p 0.05), an increase in total sperm motility (from 32.6 2.9 to 61 3.1%, p 0.05) and the number of sperm with progressive movement (from 22 1.1 to 36.7 2.9 %, p 0.05) after the treatment were revealed. Also, in the course of treatment, the restoration of the antioxidant protection of the ejaculate was noted, as evidenced by an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and a decrease in the content of malon dialdehyde. During the first year after the end of treatment, conception in marriage was registered in 21 (45.7%) patients. The results of the study indicate that a violation of the lipid peroxidation system can lead to both an increase in sperm viscosity and a disruption in the activity of acrosomal enzymes, as a result of which it becomes difficult for spermatozoa to penetrate the ovum. Longidaza is able to increase the hyaluronidase activity of the sperm acrosome, thereby improving the fertilizing ability of the ejaculate.
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WATANABE, Yoshiteru, Yoshiaki MATSUMOTO, Mikako SEKI, Michiko TAKASE, and Mitsuo MATSUMOTO. "Absorption Enhancement of Polypeptide Drugs by Cyclodextrins. I. Enhanced Rectal Absorption of Insulin from Hollow-Type Suppositories Containing Insulin and Cyclodextrins in Rabbits." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 40, no. 11 (1992): 3042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.40.3042.
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Мельник, Г. М., Т. Г. Ярних, І. В. Герасимова, and О. А. Рухмакова. "The study of the stability of pessaries, designed to prepare the birth canal before childbirth." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.3.21.04.
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An urgent problem in obstetrics and gynecology is the prevention of soft tissue ruptures during childbirth. In addition to various physical exercises aimed at increasing elasticity and muscle tone, it is necessary to use aids designed to minimize perineal injuries. For this purpose, pessaries with hyaluronic acid and phytocomplex of CO2-extracts of aloe, calendula and green tea were created.
The aim of the work – study of the stability of the proposed extemporaneous pessaries in accordance with the requirements of the article «Suppositories and pessaries manufactured in pharmacies» of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPU) 2.0 and Guidelines ST-N MPH 42-4.5:2015 «Requirements for the manufacture of non-sterile drugs in pharmacies».
Quality control of pessaries was carried out on the following indicators: description, homogeneity, pH, average weight, time of deformation, decay time, melting point, acid number, microbiological purity. To detect falsified samples, a test was performed to check the base. Biopharmaceutical studies were also performed to evaluate the release of API of phytoextracts of calendula and aloe by the method of «diffusion into agar».
When assessing the appearance and homogeneity of pessaries, it was found that they have a yellowish color and a specific odor of cocoa butter and green tea extract. There were no patches on the longitudinal section. The pH values ranged from 3.80 to 4.50, which corresponds to the normal pH value of a woman's vagina. According to other quality indicators, such as average weight, melting point, time of complete deformation, decay time, acid number and microbiological purity, the investigated drug also fully satisfies the requirements of SPU 2.0 and Guidelines ST-N 42-4.5:2015. To detect falsified samples, a test was performed to check the base. Biopharmaceutical studies were performed to evaluate the release of API of phytoextracts of calendula and aloe by the method of «diffusion into agar». The research was conducted immediately after the manufacture of pessaries and in the process of their storage.
The stability of extemporaneous pessaries containing hyaluronic acid and phytocomplex of CO2-extracts of aloe, calendula and green tea, intended for the preparation of the birth canal before childbirth, was studied. The main quality indicators of pessaries immediately after their manufacture and during storage have been studied. It is shown that the samples of studied pessaries fully meet the requirements of the article «Suppositories and pessaries manufactured in pharmacies» of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 2.0 and Guidelines ST-N MPH 42-4.5:2015 «Requirements for the manufacture of non-sterile drugs in pharmacies».
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Tyutyunnik, V. L., N. E. Kan, N. V. Tyutyunnik, and E. Е. Soldatova. "Modern aspects of complex therapy for recurrent genital herpes." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-3-144-151.
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Incidence of reported cases of genital herpes in different countries has increased dramatically during the last years, which is essentially caused by spread of asymptomatic or atypical types of herpes. Frequent relapses of herpes infection are characterized by changes in the immunological status. The authors of presented article analysed the findings of foreign and domestic studies on the treatment of the disease, systematized information about the features of antiviral chemotherapy drugs used in the treat-ment of genital herpes, identified criteria for the efficacy and duration of suppressive therapy, and the feasibility of its combination with courses of immunomodulatory drugs. The article summarizes the authors’ own experience in the treatment of genital herpes in 50 patients, who were randomly divided into 2 groups: (active treatment) group 1 consisted of 25 women who received antiviral (acyclovir and its analogues) and immunomodulatory therapy (aminodihydrophthalasindione sodium, suppositories), (comparison) group 2 consisted of 25 patients who received antiviral therapy only. The following were criteria for the inclusion of patients: genital herpes history, clinical presentation of genital herpes during the prodromal period or exacerbation, and no more than 48 hours after the rash occurred.The results of evaluation of the treatment effectiveness showed that the vesicles disappeared and the crusts formed during aminodihydrophthalasindione sodium therapy in the active treatment group of patients as early as Day 2-5 after starting treatment, while the acute phase of local inflammation in the comparison group was reversed only by Day 4-5. Complete reepitheli-alization occurred in the active treatment and comparison groups by Day 6-7 of the treatment. At the same time, the PCR test did not detect HSV-2 in smears in 24 (96.0%) women in the active treatment group and in 25 (88.0%) women in the comparison group. No one had any fresh rashes in the course of treatment with the drug. In addition, the authors reported prolongation of clinical remission in the active treatment group up to 5 months (up to 55 days on average).As can be seen from the above, the inclusion of immunomodulatory drugs in the combination specific antiviral therapy leads to faster achievement of the clinical effect, allows to reduce frequency of relapses and improves the patients’ quality of life.