Journal articles: 'Drugs in New Zealand'

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Menkes, David. "New Zealand drugs row set to continue." Lancet 351, no. 9097 (January 1998): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)78191-5.

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Hill, Amy. "Access to Information and Medicines Regulation in New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v45i4.4944.

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This article explores a significant issue in the regulatory regime for medicines in New Zealand and around the world: the deficit of information about medicines available to doctors, patients and independent researchers. In New Zealand, while some generic (off-patent) drugs are manufactured domestically, the major suppliers are large multinational companies. Similarly, clinical trials to establish a drug's effectiveness, safety and quality are predominantly undertaken overseas. Much of the information about safety, efficacy and quality of drugs is held and controlled by pharmaceutical companies and regulators. This article proposes ways in which public access to information about medicines can be improved.

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Sinclair, B. L., D. W. Clark, and M. R. Sears. "Use of anti-asthma drugs in New Zealand." Thorax 42, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.42.9.670.

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Cumming, J., N. Mays, and J. Daube. "How New Zealand has contained expenditure on drugs." BMJ 340, may18 1 (May 18, 2010): c2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c2441.

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Coulter, D. M. "Reasons for stopping drugs are monitored in New Zealand." BMJ 313, no. 7059 (September 21, 1996): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7059.756.

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Burton, B. "New Zealand moves to ban direct advertising of drugs." BMJ 328, no. 7431 (January 10, 2004): 68—c—0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7431.68-c.

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Hutton, Fiona. "Kiwis, Clubs and Drugs: Club Cultures in Wellington, New Zealand." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 43, no. 1 (April 2010): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.43.1.91.

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Illicit drug use within club cultures has been well documented internationally, but research and scholarship about New Zealand club cultures is scarce. This article explores recreational drug use among a sample of 18–48-year-old clubbers in Wellington clubs, New Zealand in 2004–5. The normalisation thesis is used as a basis for analysis with a focus on the issues raised by this thesis. The problematic issues raised by the normalisation thesis and developed in this article were that the processes of normalisation, including current regular drug use and drug-wiseness, varies between locales and between casual, formal or reformed drug users. This reflects both variation in ‘cultural accommodation of the illicit’ and the nature of the diverse population represented.

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Casswell, Sally. "Alcohol and other Recreational Drug Issues in New Zealand." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200322.

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In New Zealand as in other industrialised countries the pattern of recreational drug use reflects the pattern of availability, with use of the legal drugs alcohol and tobacco more widespread than that of illegal drugs. These two drugs have been the major focus of political activity during the past decade. In the case of tobacco, major public health advances have been achieved by means of legislative change. In contrast, changes in alcohol legislation have resulted in a liberalisation of alcohol availability, but the public health debate continues at the level of policy implementation. Relatively little public or political attention has been paid to illicit drug use during the past decade, but there are signs that this may change in the near future.

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McCaffrey, Hugh. "A Bitter Pill to Swallow: Portugal's Lessons For Drug Law Reform in New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 40, no. 4 (May 4, 2009): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v40i4.5252.

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On 1 July 2001, Portugal decriminalised all drugs, replacing criminal sanctions with administrative ones. Portugal's decriminalisation policy focused on individual possession and use of drugs. It was thought that possession and use would be best dealt with outside of the criminal process. In New Zealand, the Law Commission is revisiting the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. The author seeks to analyse the first two terms of reference: whether the legislative regime should reflect the principle of harm minimisation underpinning the National Drug Policy; and the most suitable model or models for the control of drugs. This paper examines the principles around the criminalisation of possession and use of drugs. In particular, it examines the experience of Portugal, some eight years after decriminalisation. It is argued that New Zealand should adopt a policy of harm minimisation and that the model Portugal presents ought to be seriously considered as a possibility for New Zealand reform.

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Sheridan, Janie, Sophie Jones, and Trudi Aspden. "Prescription drug misuse: quantifying the experiences of New Zealand GPs." Journal of Primary Health Care 4, no. 2 (2012): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc12106.

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INTRODUCTION: The misuse of prescription drugs for their psychoactive effects is an international problem. To date, there is a paucity of quantitative data on prescription drug misuse (PDM) in New Zealand, especially data investigating the experiences of general practitioners (GPs). AIM: To quantify GPs experiences regarding PDM in New Zealand in terms of the extent of the problem, challenges faced, problem drugs, and actions taken by GPs once PDM is suspected. METHOD: A cross-sectional postal survey of a random sample of 300 GPs in New Zealand was undertaken. RESULTS: A 45.7% response rate was achieved. Approximately two-thirds of GPs (65.9%) had diagnosed at least one patient with a PDM problem in the last 12 months. Thirty percent of respondents indicated that they had been faced with at least one challenge in the past 12 months, with verbal threats being the most common of these (16.3%). Benzodiazepines and opioids were identified as the most problematic drug classes. The action usually taken by the greatest number of GPs once they suspected PDM was to document it (97.9%) followed closely by suggest an alternative drug (96.7%) and refrain from prescribing the drug (91.9%). DISCUSSION: PDM is an issue for GPs. The findings from this study have highlighted the need for further research into this concerning issue, specifically further quantification of the size of the problem in the New Zealand general population. There is also a need for the development and implementation of interventions to help minimise and better manage PDM in New Zealand. KEYWORDS: Prescription drugs; pharmaceutical; drug abuse; drug misuse; general practitioners; New Zealand; questionnaires; quantitative

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Menkes, David B., and James C. Knight. "Cardiotoxicity and Prescription of Thioridazine in New Zealand." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 4 (August 2002): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01045.x.

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Objective: To review the production of cardiac arrhythmia by thioridazine, and consider the role of government regulation in light of antipsychotic prescribing trends in New Zealand. Methods: We conducted a focused literature review on psychotropic-induced cardiotoxicity, including mechanisms and incidence. In addition, we considered trends in antipsychotic prescription in New Zealand and decisions made by regulatory bodies in Australia, North America and the United Kingdom regarding restrictions on the prescription of thioridazine. Results: In general, the cardiotoxicity of antipsychotics, including thioridazine, relates to the ability of these drugs to antagonize voltage-sensitive potassium channels, and thereby prolong the QT interval. This action can lead to malignant arrhythmias in a very small proportion (< < 1%) of patients; the risk may be increased by other drugs or factors which prolong QT or inhibit the metabolism of thioridazine. A review of prescription doses and volumes in New Zealand indicates that thioridazine is prescribed mainly in low doses by nonspecialists, and its use has been waning significantly over the past 2 years. These trends predate recent publicity regarding cardiotoxicity. Conclusions: Recommendations regarding thioridazine use are presented. Although new patients should not receive this drug, existing patients benefiting from modest doses should not be denied access unless clear-cut risk factors for cardiotoxicity are evident.

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Leggat, Peter A., and John L. Heydon. "Trends in Antimalarial Drugs Prescribed in New Zealand 1993 to 1998." Journal of Travel Medicine 9, no. 3 (March 8, 2006): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2002.23854.

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Leggat, Peter A., and John L. Heydon. "Trends in Antimalarial Drugs Prescribed in New Zealand 1993 to 1998." Journal of Travel Medicine 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2006): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2003.35666.

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Parker, John. "The effective patent life of American originated drugs in New Zealand." New Zealand Economic Papers 19, no. 1 (January 1985): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779958509544094.

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Moynihan, R. "New Zealand agency comes under pressure to pay more for drugs." BMJ 342, jun21 4 (June 21, 2011): d3933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d3933.

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Wilkins, Chris, Jose S. Romeo, Marta Rychert, Jitesh Prasad, and Thomas Graydon-Guy. "Determinants of the retail price of illegal drugs in New Zealand." International Journal of Drug Policy 79 (May 2020): 102728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102728.

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Kawachi, Ichiro, and Laurence A. Malcolm. "The rising expenditure on antihypertensive drugs in New Zealand, 1981–1987." Health Policy 12, no. 3 (August 1989): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8510(89)90077-8.

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Raftery, James P. "Paying for costly pharmaceuticals: regulation of new drugs in Australia, England and New Zealand." Medical Journal of Australia 188, no. 1 (January 2008): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01500.x.

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Boden, Joseph M., David M. Fergusson, and L. John Horwood. "Illicit Drug use and Dependence in a New Zealand Birth Cohort." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (February 2006): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01763.x.

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Objective: To describe the patterns of illicit drug use in a birth cohort studied to the age of 25 years. Method: The data were gathered during the Christchurch Health and Development Study. In this study a cohort of 1265 children born in the Christchurch, New Zealand urban region in mid-1977 have been studied to the age of 25 years. Information was gathered on patterns of illicit drug use and dependence during the period 15–25 years. Results: By age 25 years, 76.7% of the cohort had used cannabis, while 43.5% had used other illicit drugs on at least one occasion. In addition, 12.5% of the cohort met DSM-IV criteria for dependence on cannabis, and 3.6% of the cohortmet criteria for dependence on other illicit drugs at some time by age 25. There was also evidence of substantial poly-drug use among the cohort, with hallucinogens and amphetamines being the most commonly used illicit drugs (excluding cannabis). Illicit drug use and dependence was higher in males, in Māori, and in those leaving school without qualifications. Key risk factors for illicit drug use and dependence included adolescent risk-taking behaviours including cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, affiliation with substance-using peers, novelty-seeking, and conduct problems in adolescence. Other key risk factors included parental history of illicit drug use and childhood sexual abuse. Conclusions: Levels of cumulative illicit drug use in this cohort were relatively high, with the majority of respondents having tried illicit drugs by age 25. For the majority of illicit drug users, drug use did not lead to problems of dependence. Nonetheless, nearly 15% of the cohort showed symptoms of illicit drug dependence by the age of 25 years, with cannabis dependence accounting for the majority of illicit drug dependence.

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Clark, David W. J., and Karabi Ghose. "Neuropsychiatric Reactions to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) The New Zealand Experience." Drug Safety 7, no. 6 (1992): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199207060-00006.

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Hamilton, Bruce, and Greg Ryan. "Drugs, Denial, and Deflection: 1972, the Year New Zealand Sport Confronted Doping." International Journal of the History of Sport 36, no. 12 (August 13, 2019): 1115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1696312.

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Burton, Bob. "US governor plans to import cheaper drugs from Australia and New Zealand." BMJ 331, no. 7511 (July 28, 2005): 256.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7511.256-c.

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Ducat, C. M., A. F. Merry, and C. S. Webster. "Attitudes and Practices of New Zealand Anaesthetists with Regard to Emergency Drugs." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 28, no. 6 (December 2000): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0002800616.

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Wilkins, Chris, James L. Reilly, and Sally Casswell. "Cannabis ‘tinny’ houses in New Zealand: implications for the use and sale of cannabis and other illicit drugs in New Zealand." Addiction 100, no. 7 (July 2005): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01134.x.

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Tong, Alfred, Barrie Peake, and Rhiannon Braund. "Disposal practices for unused medications in New Zealand community pharmacies." Journal of Primary Health Care 3, no. 3 (2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc11197.

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INTRODUCTION: One of the recommended methods for households to dispose of unused medications in many countries is to return them to community pharmacies. However, such a practice will only reduce the environmental levels of pharmaceuticals if the medications are also disposed of and destroyed properly by the pharmacies. AIM: This study reports the results of a questionnaire sent to New Zealand community pharmacists regarding disposal practices for unused or expired medications in their workplaces. METHODS: A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was sent to 500 randomly selected community pharmacies from all areas of New Zealand. The participants were asked how they disposed of a variety of medications. In addition, participants were also asked about whether they knew how unused medications were destroyed if their pharmacy used a third-party contractor or distributor to dispose of them. RESULTS: Of the 265 respondents, 80.4% and 61.1% respectively reported that solid and semi-solid medications were removed by contractors. However liquid and Class B controlled drugs were predominantly disposed of down the pharmacy sink. Over 60% of the participating pharmacists indicated that they believed the contractors incinerated the collected pharmaceutical waste, and over 90% of the participating pharmacists indicated their wish for a state-run disposal and destruction system. DISCUSSION: Liquid medications and Class B controlled drugs, which were commonly reported to be disposed of down the sewerage system, may increase the potential for environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals in New Zealand. There is a need for increased environmental awareness amongst community pharmacists in New Zealand. KEYWORDS: Medication disposal; pharmaceutical waste; environment; excess medication; community pharmacist

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WELLS, JESSIE ELISABETH, MAGNUS A. McGEE, JOANNE BAXTER, FRANCIS AGNEW, and JESSE KOKAUA. "Onset and lifetime use of drugs in New Zealand: Results from Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey 2003-2004." Drug and Alcohol Review 28, no. 2 (March 2, 2009): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2008.00043.x.

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Cooper, Jeremy O. "The Relative Costs of Anesthesia Drugs in New Zealand Versus the United States." Anesthesia & Analgesia 80, no. 4 (April 1995): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199504000-00045.

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Malhotra, Neha, Nicola J. Starkey, and Samuel G. Charlton. "Driving under the influence of drugs: Perceptions and attitudes of New Zealand drivers." Accident Analysis & Prevention 106 (September 2017): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.011.

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Cooper, Jeremy O. "The Relative Costs of Anesthesia Drugs in New Zealand Versus the United States." Anesthesia & Analgesia 80, no. 4 (April 1995): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199504000-00045.

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Jönsson, B., F. Lichtenberg, J. Lundkvist, C. Svedman, and N. Wilking. "The utilization of new oncology drugs: A global perspective." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 6612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6612.

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6612 Background: A number of new innovative cancer drugs have recently been approved or are in the process of being approved. We have analysed the access and uptake of 65 oncology drugs in 25 countries (19 European countries, Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa and the USA) over a 10 year period based on sales data provided by IMS Health. Methods: We calculated an index of number of patients treated based on sales per inhabitant or per person who died from a specific cancer type. The age composition (vintage) of the drug arsenal used was calculated based on sales for cancer drugs introduced before 1995; between 1995–1999, 2000–2002 and after 2002 respectively. The vintage of the drug arsenal used was also analysed in relation to different economic and health care system characteristics. We performed three types of analysis of the effect of cancer drug vintage on cancer survival and mortality using difference-in-difference research designs. Results: Different patterns of uptake were seen in the countries studied, both with respect to speed of uptake and level of use. Fast uptake of most new drugs was seen in Austria, France, Switzerland, Spain and the USA, and slow uptake as well as low usage was seen in Poland, Hungary, New Zealand, South Africa and the UK. For some of the most recently approved drugs the variation in uptake is especially marked. The vintage of the cancer drug “arsenal” used also differs significantly between countries. Nearly half (44%) of the observed improvement in the two-year cancer survival rate between 1992 and 2000 at 50 USA cancer centres could be attributed to the use of newer cancer drugs. Around one sixth (14% − 19%) of the inter-country differences in 5-year cancer survival rates across 5 major European countries is due to differences in the uptake of newer drugs (post-1985) in each country. Nearly one third (30%) of the decline in cancer mortality rates seen during the period 1995 –2003, could be accounted for by the use of newer drugs. The observed decrease in mortality of 16% would have been only 11% if newer drugs had not been used. Conclusions: Patient access to innovative cancer drugs varies significantly between countries affecting mortality rates, and further research is needed into the determinants and consequences of these variations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Ankravs, Melissa J., Andrew A. Udy, Kathleen Byrne, Serena Knowles, Naomi Hammond, Manoj K. Saxena, Michael C. Reade, Michael Bailey, Rinaldo Bellomo, and Adam M. Deane. "A multicentre point prevalence study of delirium assessment and management in patients admitted to Australian and New Zealand intensive care units." Critical Care and Resuscitation 22, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2020.4.oa8.

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Objective: To characterise the assessment and management of delirium in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: We conducted a multicentre observational point prevalence study across 44 adult Australian and New Zealand ICUs. Data were extracted for all patients in the ICU in terms of assessment and treatment of delirium. ICU-level data were collected regarding the use of explicit protocols related to delirium. Results: We studied 627 patients, with 54% (336/627) having at least one delirium screening assessment performed. The Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) was the most frequently used tool (88%, 296/336). Of patients assessed, 20% (68) were identified to have delirium. Eighteen per cent (111) of patients were administered a drug to manage delirium, with 41% (46) of those receiving a drug having no recorded assessment for delirium on that day. Of the drugs used to treat delirium, quetiapine was the most frequently administered. Physical restraints were applied to 8% (48/626) of patients, but only 17% (8/48) of such patients had been diagnosed with delirium. Most physically restrained patients either did not have delirium diagnosed (31%, 15/48) or had no formal assessment recorded (52%, 25/48) on that day. Conclusions: On the study day, more than 50% of patients had a delirium screening assessment performed, with 20% of screened patients deemed to have delirium. Drugs that are prescribed to treat delirium and physical restraints were frequently used in the absence of delirium or the formal assessment for its presence.

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Fonseca, Neuber M., Saul Goldenberg, Duvaldo Eurides, Neil F. Novo, and Cirilo A. P. Lima. "An evaluation of new circle system of anesthesia. Quantitative anesthesia with isoflurane in new zealand rabbits." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 12, no. 4 (December 1997): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86501997000400006.

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A small circuit system of anesthesia was developed by Fonseca and Goldenberg in 1993. The authors used in this study New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits under closed system anesthetic regiment by insoflurane. Twenty male adult New Zealand rabbits were distributed in two groups of ten animals. No premedicant drugs were given. Endotraqueal intubation was made after intravenous administration of propofol (10mg/kg). Insoflurane was used to anesthesia management, administred by lowflow closed system technique with cooper kettle vaporizer, fixed by pre-calculated vaporizing flow in double times intervals. The group II underwent surgical periostal scratching in the medial tibial surface at the proximal shaft. Rabbits breathed spontaneously. Hypotensio, hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis were characteristic of the cardiopulmonary effects of the anesthesia. The corneal reflex and pinch reflex was useful as reliable indicators of anesthesic depth. Manual or mechanical ventilation should be considered as a way of improving alveolar ventilation and normalize blood-gas values. The system developed by Fonseca and Goldenberg was considered suitable for anesthesic management in rabbits.

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Brounéus, Fredrik, Gregory Macleod, Karyn Maclennan, Lianne Parkin, and Charlotte Paul. "Drug safety awareness in New Zealand: public knowledge and preferred sources for information." Journal of Primary Health Care 4, no. 4 (2012): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc12288.

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INTRODUCTION: To make informed choices about medical treatment options, patients and consumers need knowledge about the benefits and the risks of drugs. Little is known about levels of drug safety knowledge or preferred sources of drug safety information in general population samples. AIM: To explore drug safety knowledge, experience of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and preferred sources for drug safety information in the New Zealand public. METHODS: We undertook a telephone survey of a random sample of adults (N=87) in the Dunedin area of New Zealand. RESULTS: Although 47% of those currently or recently using prescription or over-the-counter drugs (N=83) were unable to recall any safety information at all about the medicine they were taking, 84% felt confident they could use these medicines in a safe way. The experience of at least one ADR during the last five years was reported by 40%. The five most preferred sources for drug safety information among all participants were: doctor (92%), pharmacist (76%), information on/inside the medicine package (66%), nurse (57%), and the internet (41%). DISCUSSION: Our results add to findings from specific patient groups to show that there is a low level of drug safety knowledge in the general population. Primary health care practitioners have a recognised and vital part to play in promoting drug safety awareness. KEYWORDS: Consumer health information; drug safety; medicine information; patient education

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Rawson, Nigel S. B. "Regulatory approval and public drug plan listing of new drugs for rare disorders in Canada and New Zealand." Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): e69-e78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/jptcp.v27i2.673.

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Harvey, Laura C., and Kristie E. Cameron. "Stress and compassion fatigue in veterinary nurses in New Zealand." Veterinary Nurse 11, no. 1 (February 2, 2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2020.11.1.42.

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Background: Stress and compassion fatigue are widely acknowledged as prevalent in workers in ‘caring’ roles, however this has not been widely documented in New Zealand veterinary nurses. Aim: This project aimed to investigate the prevalence of stress and compassion fatigue in New Zealand veterinary nurses. Method: Using an online survey, veterinary nurses were asked to self-report their incidence of stress or compassion fatigue felt as a result of their working environment. Veterinary nurses were also asked to report the ways in which they cope with stress and compassion fatigue, and their likelihood of changing jobs. Results: There were 288 responses to the survey. Of these, 94% of respondents reported feeling stressed and 82% reported experiencing compassion fatigue as a result of their work. 30% of respondents reported an increase in the consumption of alcohol/cigarettes and drugs as a result of stress. Most respondents reported managing their stress and compassion fatigue by talking to colleagues or family. A large number of respondents reported having considered a career change at some stage due to stress or compassion fatigue. Conclusion: This research demonstrates a high incidence of stress and compassion fatigue in New Zealand veterinary nurses, with a low percentage of those seeking professional support. Further investigation into combatable causal factors for stress as it differs from compassion fatigue is warranted to ultimately offer support to veterinary nurses to continue their vocation.

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ELLIOTT, K. J., and A. J. LAMBOURN. "Sex, drugs and alcohol: two peer-led approaches in Tamaki Makaurau/Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand." Journal of Adolescence 22, no. 4 (August 1999): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jado.1999.0244.

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Pitcher, T. L., M. R. MacAskill, and T. J. Anderson. "Trends in Antiparkinsonian Medication Use in New Zealand: 1995–2011." Parkinson's Disease 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/379431.

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Prescribing trends for medications are influenced by development of new drugs, changes in knowledge about efficacy and side effects, and priorities set by funding agencies. Changes in the utilization of antiparkinsonian agents in the outpatient community in New Zealand were investigated by using the national prescription database for the period 1995–2011. The dispensed volumes of antiparkinsonian agents were converted into number of defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day for analysis. Increases in the dispensed volumes of levodopa (77%), amantadine (350%), and catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors (326%) occurred during the study period. Conversely, decreases in the dispensed volumes of anticholinergics (48%), selegiline (82%), and dopamine agonists (6.2%) were observed. New Zealand has seen a substantial increase of the amount of levodopa dispensed in the past 17 years. This increase appears to be related to an increase in the number of people taking the medication. We are unable to extrapolate this change to an increase in the prevalence of PD, given levodopa is used in the treatment of a number of medical conditions. The changes in other antiparkinsonian medications largely reflect changes in availability (increases in entacapone and ropinirole) and best practice treatment (declines in anticholinergics, selegiline, and tolcapone).

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O’Connell, Adam, Ian Scott, Naomi Cogger, Boyd Jones, and Kate Hill. "Parasitic Nematode and Protozoa Status of Working Sheepdogs on the North Island of New Zealand." Animals 9, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9030094.

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Working farm dogs in New Zealand may have a high parasitic challenge because of access to raw meat and close contact with other dogs. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the percentage of dogs with gastrointestinal nematode and protozoan parasite lifecycle stages present in their feces and to identify factors associated with the presence of parasites. A single researcher collected information about the dogs and their management via a questionnaire, body condition scored (BCS) the dogs, and collected fecal samples to determine the parasite burden. Fecal samples were collected from 171 dogs and 40% (95% CI 33.0% to 47.7%) contained parasite ova or (oo)cysts. There was no association between BCS and the presence of nematodes and parasites (p = 0.74) in the feces. The percentage of dogs with parasites present in their feces was not associated with BCS or the frequency with which anthelmintic drugs were reportedly administered (p = 0.61). The high percentage of dogs with parasites are of concern for the health of the dogs and their owners, given the zoonotic potential of some parasites. Further, research should also focus on understanding why reporting giving anthelmintic drugs at least every three months did not eliminate the infection.

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Aye, Phyu Sin, Oliver W. Scott, J. Mark Elwood, Diana Sarfati, Ross Lawrenson, Ian D. Campbell, Marion Kuper-Hommel, and Sandar Tin Tin. "Use of Non-Cancer Medications in New Zealand Women at the Diagnosis of Primary Invasive Breast Cancer: Prevalence, Associated Factors and Effects on Survival." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 7962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217962.

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Background: Assessing the use of multiple medications in cancer patients is crucial as such use may affect cancer outcomes. This study reports the prevalence of non-cancer medication use at breast cancer diagnosis, its associated factors, and its effect on survival. Methods: We identified all women diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016, from four population-based breast cancer registries, in Auckland, Waikato, Wellington, and Christchurch, New Zealand. Through linkage to the pharmaceutical records, we obtained information on non-cancer medications that were dispensed for a minimum of 90 days’ supply between one year before cancer diagnosis and first cancer treatment. We performed ordered logistic regressions to identify associated factors and Cox regressions to investigate its effect on patient survival. Results: Of 14,485 patients, 52% were dispensed at least one drug (mean—1.3 drugs; maximum—13 drugs), with a higher prevalence observed in patients who were older, treated at a public facility, more economically deprived, and screen-detected. The use of 2–3 drugs showed a reduced non-breast cancer mortality (HR = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.60–0.92) in previously hospitalised patients, with other groups showing non-significant associations when adjusted for confounding factors. Drug use was not associated with changes in breast cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions: Non-cancer medication use at breast cancer diagnosis was common in New Zealand, more prevalent in older and disadvantaged women, and showed no effect on breast cancer-specific mortality, but a reduction in other cause mortality with the use of 2–3 drugs.

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Vogler, Sabine, Agnes Vitry, and Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar. "Cancer drugs in 16 European countries, Australia, and New Zealand: a cross-country price comparison study." Lancet Oncology 17, no. 1 (January 2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00449-0.

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Eagle, L., and P. Kitchen. "Direct consumer promotion of prescription drugs: A review of the literature and the New Zealand experience." Journal of Medical Marketing 2, no. 4 (September 1, 2002): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jmm.5040088.

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Pleydell, EJ, K. Souphavanh †, KE Hill, NP French, and DJ Prattley. "Descriptive epidemiological study of the use of antimicrobial drugs by companion animal veterinarians in New Zealand." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 60, no. 2 (March 2012): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2011.643733.

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Nagashima, Fumihiro, Moyoko Murakami, Shigeru Takaoka, and Yoshinori Asakawa. "New Sesquiterpenoids from the New Zealand Liverwort Chiloscyphus subporosus." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 52, no. 8 (2004): 949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.52.949.

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Pullon, Susan, Angela Ballantyne, Lindsay Macdonald, Christine Barthow, Kristin Wickens, and Julian Crane. "Daily decision-making about food during pregnancy: a New Zealand study." Health Promotion International 34, no. 3 (January 12, 2018): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dax098.

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Summary Pregnancy has always been a life-changing event for women and their families, but societal concern about pregnancy and motherhood has become intense in the digital age. The role of health promotion agencies and others supplying health-related resources about lifestyle behaviours is both important and in need of scrutiny. Ever increasing advice for pregnant women, their families and health professionals, abounds. This study of decision making during pregnancy investigated how women made everyday decisions during pregnancy about food and drink, as well as dietary supplements and medications, alcohol and recreational drugs. This qualitative interview study was a side-arm to a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted with pregnant women in Wellington New Zealand, 2013–2016. Data from interviews with 20 women were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. In relation to decision-making about lifestyle behaviours, five themes emerged—Information about food; Wanted and unwanted advice; Worry, anxiety and indecision; Making daily decisions about food; Changes in decision making over time. Participating women talked more about food selection and restriction advice than any other lifestyle topic. Analysis demonstrated concern about information accuracy and overload from multiple, diverse sources. Women described learning how to assess resource credibility, how to develop decision-making skills, and who to trust. The study raises important questions about how the health information environment, despite best intentions, can be confusing or potentially harmful. The study underlines the continued importance of the role health professionals have in not only interpreting information to discuss individualized advice, but also in empowering pregnant women to develop lifestyle-related decision-making skills.

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Barlow, Anna J., Benjamin J. Compton, Ursula Hertewich, Stephen D. Lorimer, and Rex T. Weavers. "Sesquiterpenes from the New Zealand LiverwortLepidolaenahodgsoniae." Journal of Natural Products 68, no. 6 (June 2005): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np050058x.

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Norey, Edward, Tessa M. Simone, and Shaker A. Mousa. "The impact of direct-to-consumer advertised drugs on drug sales in the US and New Zealand." Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 6, no. 2-3 (July 2008): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03256125.

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Poulsen, Helen, Rosemary Moar, and Carolina Troncoso. "The incidence of alcohol and other drugs in drivers killed in New Zealand road crashes 2004–2009." Forensic Science International 223, no. 1-3 (November 2012): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.026.

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Murray, Michael. "Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising in a Global Context: A Comparison between New Zealand and the United States." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (July 2009): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-en2013.

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- The pharmaceutical industry is a transnational industry with a global influence and interests in expanding their markets to include as much of the world's population as possible. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising is a potential tool for the global spread of industry conceptions of health and illness, and can be seen as both a cause and a result of globalization. Among developed countries, DTC advertising is currently only legal in New Zealand and the United States, but debates are taking place worldwide as the pharmaceutical industry uses its global influence to lobby for the lifting of bans. As individual countries with distinct cultures and local histories try to decide whether or not they should continue banning this form of advertising, it is important to understand the character and effects of DTC advertising in a global context. A comparison between the United States and New Zealand showed that despite differences in the process of regulation and the conditions and mechanisms through which DTC advertising came to be legal in the two countries, the resulting character and effects of the advertising were remarkably similar. Advertisements in both contexts turned out to be misleading, unbalanced with regard to risks and benefits, make appeals to emotions, and focus on lifestyle problems over serious conditions. The effects of the ads were also very similar, as both countries' DTC advertisements drove patients to request specific drugs and were correlated to rising prescription drug prices and health costs. This suggests that while glocalization may cause a divergence in the exact methods used in the ads to get the message across, the message and its effect will likely still reflect the pharmaceutical industry's grobal interests.Keywords: drugs advertising, pharmaceutical industry, drugs prescription, globalization, glocalization, grobalization.Parole chiave: pubblicitÀ sui farmaci, industria farmaceutica, prescrizioni di farmaci, globalizzazione, glocalizzazione, grobalizzazione.

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Jatrana, Santosh, and Peter Crampton. "Gender differences in financial barriers to primary health care in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 4, no. 2 (2012): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc12113.

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INTRODUCTION: Gender differences in health status and use of health care services have been established in the developed world with less attention paid to gender differences in financial barriers to primary care. Such barriers represent potentially avoidable mortality and morbidity. AIM: To examine gender differences in financial barriers to New Zealand primary health care. METHODS: Data from SoFIE-health, an add-on to Statistics New Zealandled Survey of Family, Income and Employment (SoFIE), analysed using logistic regression, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, health behaviour and health variables. Access to primary health care includes general practitioner and dental care and prescription drugs. RESULTS: Odds of deferring seeing their doctor(s), dentist and buying a prescription respectively at least once during preceding 12 months, because they could not afford the cost of a visit or prescription, were greater for women compared to men (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.82, 95% CI: 1.671.99; OR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.782.34; and OR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.471.71; respectively). Adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, health behaviour and health status attenuated OR to 1.45 (1.311.61) for deferring medical visit, 1.47 (1.261.71) buying prescription, and 1.35 (1.241.46) for deferring dental visit, although confidence intervals still excluded the null. DISCUSSION: Gender significantly associated with reporting cost barriers to primary health care, regardless of individual deprivation or income levels, suggesting that primary health care policies targeting gender-specific factors are warranted. Policy measures to reduce co-payments may improve access to care for both women and men, and may have positive health implications. KEYWORDS: Gender; primary health care; access barriers; New Zealand

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Pols, René G., Douglas Sellman, Steven Jurd, Michael Baigent, Nanette Waddy, Tobie Sacks, Peter Tucker, John Fowler, and Allan White. "What is the Psychiatrist's Role in Drugs and Alcohol?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 4 (August 1996): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609065030.

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Objective: This article describes a consensus view of the role of psychiatrists in respect of alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems, in response to the view expressed by Wodak [1]. Method: The data were selected on the basis of the knowledge and experience of the authors. Results: Psychiatrists have made major contributions in the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of AOD problems over many years in Australia and New Zealand. In recent years there has been an explosion of new knowledge in the AOD area and a shift from mental health to primary and public health care for these patients. Substance use disorders (SUD) are highly prevalent in all areas of psychiatric practice, requiring treatment in their own right as well as complicating the treatment of coexisting psychiatric illness. Conclusion: It is argued that psychiatrists have important roles in harm reduction, prevention and policy development; brief and early intervention in SUD in liaison and child psychiatry; and systematic treatment for those with dependence and other psychiatric comorbidity. A research and collaborative approach to AOD services and patients should be encouraged, rather than engaging in divisive debate over ‘ownership’ of this area of clinical practice.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Drugs in New Zealand'

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