Academic literature on the topic 'Drum'

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Journal articles on the topic "Drum"

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Johnson, Henry. "Chinese toms in the making of the drum kit: Localization and exoticism." Journal of Popular Music Education 5, no. 2 (2021): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jpme_00059_1.

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The late nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century saw the drum kit emerge as an assemblage of musical instruments that was central to much new music of the time and especially to the rise of jazz. This article is a study of Chinese drums in the making of the drum kit. The notions of localization and exoticism are applied as conceptual tools for interpreting the place of Chinese drums in the early drum kit. Why were distinctly Chinese drums used in the early drum kit? How did the Chinese drums shape the future of the drum kit? The drum kit has been at the heart of most popular music throughout the twentieth century to the present day, and, as such, this article will be beneficial to educators, practitioners and scholars of popular music education.
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Widhate, P., H. P. Zhu, Q. H. Zeng, and K. J. Dong. "Particle velocity profile in an inclined rotating drum." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 14001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124914001.

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Various experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to study the velocity profiles of the particles inside horizontal rotating drums, but little emphasis has been laid on inclined rotating drums, though these drums are extensively used in granular process industries. In this study, velocity profiles of the particles in a rotating drum with 0o, 5o, 10o, and 15o inclinations have been studied by using the discrete element method. It was found that at the locations of the drum with the volumetric fill in the range of 0.2 0.8, the inclined rotating drum has a similar variation of velocity with the radial height to the horizontal rotating drum. However, the variation of the average particle velocity along the length of the drum differs for horizontal and inclined drums. Furthermore, for the inclined rotating drum, the average velocity increases with the increase in the volumetric fill.
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Cooke, Peter, and David Locke. "Drum Damba: Talking Drum Lessons." Ethnomusicology 37, no. 1 (1993): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/852252.

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Agyeman, Kafui Kwesi, Harold Awuley Quaye, Frederick Ampah Clement, and Theophilus Agyekum Sarpong. "Adaptation of the Local Ghanaian Caldron (“Dadesen”) for Drums Shells." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (2020): 1354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun892.

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The introduction and high patronage of foreign utensils has reduced the demand for the “dadesen” (a traditional aluminium caldron in Ghana). This is seen by this research as threat to the producers. For this reason, the researchers realise the need to diversify the use of the “dadesen” to assure the livelihood of the local artisans who make them and also to save the craft for posterity. This led to a physical analysed of the form which suggested drum shells. This led to a factor analyses of how a drum /shell can be produced from the “dadesen” and subsequently a drum. These were done in consultation with drum carvers and experts from the localities through interviews and observation. Consequently, the researchers arrived at defined means of executing “dadesen” drum shells and subsequently employed the Ghanaian traditional talking drum making process to stretch the animal skin on the metal shell. This led to the production of a pair of talking drums. These drums were thoroughly tried and the sounds were good. It is therefore concluded that the “dadesen” is a potential form for making of drums. This is highly recommended for another genre of drums.
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Abe, Banri. "Drum." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 6 (2011): 4184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3669381.

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Aspland, Mark. "Drum." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 6 (2011): 4184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3669382.

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KANAORI, Yuji. "Large Drum on the Drum Rock." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 55, no. 3 (2014): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.55.118.

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Britania, Rizka, Amir Tjolleng, and Salma Ardiana Putri. "Integrasi Model Inventori EOQ dan Time Series Forecasting Untuk Sistem Inventori Optimal." Jurnal Visionida 10, no. 1 (2024): 78–93. https://doi.org/10.30997/jvs.v10i1.13310.

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This research aims to evaluate the existing inventory system and determine the optimal inventory system for the future at PT XYZ. The methods used are Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) integrated with time series forecasting. The selection of products studied is based on inbound and outbound volumes in the warehouse. The application of the EOQ method to the five study products resulted in an optimal order quantity for the existing conditions of 925 drums, 737 drums, 612 drums, 705 drums, and 729 drums for products A, B, C, D, and E. There is a potential saving in total inventory costs of 24% generated by the EOQ model compared to the current inventory system in the company. Historical demand data shows a seasonal stationary pattern. Forecast for the coming year was conducted and used in calculating the optimal order quantity for the coming year, which are 775 drums, 891 drums, 611 drums, and 728 drums for products A, B, C, and E. This research can enrich the literature related to EOQ and provide input for companies regarding the potential savings that can be made, and information on inventory system needs for the future. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sistem inventori eksisting dan menentukan sistem inventori optimal untuk masa mendatang pada PT XYZ. Metode yang digunakan adalah Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) yang diintegrasikan dengan time series forecasting. Pemilihan produk yang dikaji didasarkan pada volume inbound dan outbound di gudang. Penerapan metode EOQ pada lima produk kajian memberikan hasil kuantitas pemesanan optimal untuk kondisi eksisting sejumlah 925 drum, 737 drum, 612 drum, 705 drum, dan 729 drum untuk produk A, B, C, D, dan E. Terdapat potensi penghematan total ongkos inventori sebesar 24% yang dihasilkan model EOQ dibandingkan dengan sistem inventori yang saat ini berlangsung di perusahaan. Data historis demand menunjukkan adanya pola seasonal stationer. Forecast untuk satu tahun mendatang dilakukan dan digunakan dalam menghitung kuantitas order optimal untuk tahun mendatang, yaitu sebesar 775 drum, 891 drum, 611 drum, dan 728 drum untuk produk A, B, C, dan E. Penelitian ini dapat memperkaya literatur terkait EOQ, dan memberikan masukan bagi perusahaan terkait potensi penghematan yang dapat dilakukan, dan informasi kebutuhan sistem inventori untuk masa mendatang.
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Gao, Kuidong, Xiaodi Zhang, Liqing Sun, Qingliang Zeng, and Kao Jiang. "Complex Effects of Drum Hub Forms and Structural Parameters on Coal Loading Performance." Complexity 2020 (June 10, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7036087.

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The extremely poor loading performance of a thin coal shearer drum affects the mining efficiency in thin seam mining seriously on account of the restriction by the complicated mining environment and seam thickness. The coal loading performance of the drum is influenced by several complex factors, such as motion parameters and structural parameters, including the structure and form of the hub. The form of the drum hub is cylindrical in general, and in order to study the influence of the hub form on the coal loading rate of the drum, seven drums with different hub forms and structures were designed. The influence of the complexity of hub structures on the coal loading performance was studied by discrete element method (DEM) simulation in this paper. The change curves with the research object of different drums, such as coal loading rate, velocity field distribution, and contact force between fallen coal particles, were obtained. The results showed that the conical hub drum can improve the coal loading performance than the cylindrical hub drum, and the curve-shaped hub drum had a more obvious promotion on the coal loading performance. The coal loading rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of hub cone angle. Compared with the conical hub drum, the curve-shaped hub drum can not only improve the coal loading rate, but also has a larger space containing coal. This study has proposed a drum with a new form hub which could increase the coal loading rate, and the methods and conclusions provide the guidance for drum hub design.
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Tang, Zhong, Xiyao Li, Xin Liu, Hui Ren, and Biao Zhang. "Dynamic Balance Method for Grading the Chain Drive Double Threshing Drum of a Combine Harvester." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031026.

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Although the individual threshing drum of a combine harvester was balanced on a dynamic balancing machine before it is assembled, there were still unbalances after multiple drums were assembled with the chain drive. In this paper, the double drums with a chain drive of a crawler combined harvester were selected as the research subject. The aim of this study was to develop a dynamic unbalance mode for grading chain drive double drums. Based on the dynamic unbalance characteristics of the main driven drum, the experimental research on the radial balance of the driven drum end face was carried out. It was known that the chain drive had a direct and obvious influence on the unbalanced phase of the drum. The unbalance of the drive load had an obvious effect on unbalanced amplitude of an active drum through the transfer characteristics of the chain drive. For the multi-stage transmission characteristics of a combine harvester, a step-by-step balanced grading chain drive double drum dynamic balancing method was practiced. Results showed that the unbalanced amplitude after balancing threshing drum I chain transmission mode of the combine harvester can be reduced by a maximum of 91%. Simultaneously, the unbalanced amplitude of threshing drum II can reduced by a maximum of 69.2%. The size and position of the wrap angle of the chain drive would directly affect the phase of the two equivalent unbalanced masses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drum"

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Bhimji, Daksha. "Discrete element modelling of a rotating drum and drum granulation." Thesis, Aston University, 2009. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15283/.

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This thesis reports the results of DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of rotating drums operated in a number of different flow regimes. DEM simulations of drum granulation have also been conducted. The aim was to demonstrate that a realistic simulation is possible, and further understanding of the particle motion and granulation processes in a rotating drum. The simulation model has shown good qualitative and quantitative agreement with other published experimental results. A two-dimensional bed of 5000 disc particles, with properties similar to glass has been simulated in the rolling mode (Froude number 0.0076) with a fractional drum fill of approximately 30%. Particle velocity fields in the cascading layer, bed cross-section, and at the drum wall have shown good agreement with experimental PEPT data. Particle avalanches in the cascading layer have been shown to be consistent with single layers of particles cascading down the free surface towards the drum wall. Particle slip at the drum wall has been shown to depend on angular position, and ranged from 20% at the toe and shoulder, to less than 1% at the mid-point. Three-dimensional DEM simulations of a moderately cascading bed of 50,000 spherical elastic particles (Froude number 0.83) with a fractional fill of approximately 30% have also been performed. The drum axis was inclined by 50 to the horizontal with periodic boundaries at the ends of the drum. The mean period of bed circulation was found to be 0.28s. A liquid binder was added to the system using a spray model based on the concept of a wet surface energy. Granule formation and breakage processes have been demonstrated in the system.
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Yang, Chunping. "Rotating Drum Biofiltration." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1092668752.

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Hovell, Simon A. "Nonlinear modelling of drum sounds." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14112.

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The aim of this work was to design a model of a simple drum that could reproduce all the nuances found in a real drum effectively and convincingly. In the past, this approach had often failed due to an inability to regenerate the very beginning of the sound - known as the percussive attack - successfully, possibly because of nonlinear information present in this part of the sound. One tool for detecting the presence of such nonlinear information is higher order spectral analysis. Detection of phase coupling between signals is one of the principal features of higher order signal analysis. It is shown that the presence of such phase coupling is a measure of dependence between different signal components. Furthermore, it is shown that examination of the power bispectrum can be used to detect the presence of nonlinear interactions between signals. Examination of the bispectra of a database of acoustic drum records gathered under strictly monitored conditions shows the presence of such interactions in the initial percussive attack. In order to exploit this information, it is necessary to use a nonlinear filter structure. Two such structures are examined, the Volterra filter, and the radial basis function network. It is found that the Volterra filter is capable of accurate reproduction of the percussive attack. Both filter structures suffer from a large degree of redundancy, and two techniques for reducing the size of the filters are successfully applied. It is seen that the simple least squares noise thresholding method performs better than the established orthogonal least squares algorithm, although at the cost of significant computational overhead.
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Broadhurst, James Donald. "The early drum-melodic music of Michael Colgrass and the evolution of the Colgrass drum." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123272187.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 218 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-185). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Broadhurst, James D. "The early drum-melodic music of Michael Colgrass and the evolution of the Colgrass drum." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1123272187.

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Brown, Kevin John. "The development of the drum set in steel drum music| A guide for integrating the standard steel drum band percussion section into a single drum set part as applied to Andy Narell's composition "The Last Word"." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10150596.

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<p> The Panorama competition held in Trinidad each year is the global epicenter of steel drum music, showcasing the greatest performers and composers while shaping steel drum world-wide. However, music written for the standard Panorama ensemble of 120 players offers up a challenge for smaller, less experienced ensembles to preserve the spirit and energy of the original composition, especially when the drum set is the only member of the percussion rhythm section. My interest in this endeavor was spirited by the challenge of combining the typical percussion section consisting of congas, maracas, guiros, cowbells irons, and drum set into an individual part while maintaining key elements of the original composition. This paper addresses the concepts and approaches I employed for my recital performance of <i>The Last Word; </i> composed by American steel drum virtuoso, Andy Narell.</p>
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Hoover, Amy K. "Neat drummer : computer-generated drum tracks." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1089.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Computer Science
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Lebeau, Timothy Charles. "Brake drum production by centrifugal casting." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/lebeau.pdf.

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Stubbers, Jason J. "Drum circles as a team-building intervention." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1566781.

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<p> The purpose of conducting this research was to compare the effectiveness of drum circles and appreciative inquiry as team-building interventions. The researcher conducted two team-building inventions in the same organization&mdash;one intervention used a drum circle design; the other used an appreciative inquiry design. Both interventions measured the following aspects of team effectiveness: collaboration, trust, authenticity, communication, creativity, commitment, interrelatedness, and recognition. Data was collected from the two teams through pre-, immediate post-, and four-week post-workshop surveys. There were no significant differences in immediate post-workshop perceptions of their teams. The two teams did not differ significantly in their four-week post-workshop perceptions of their teams, contrasted with earlier findings from pre-workshop independent samples findings. Four main conclusions were drawn. First, based on the survey results, it appears that drum circles and appreciative inquiry are equally useful team-building interventions. Second, it can be suggested that appreciative inquiry has an effective use for team building in the areas of communication, trust, teamwork, and strategy. Third, it can be suggested that drum circles have an effective use for team building in the areas of teamwork, communication, and trust. Fourth, both drum circles and appreciative inquiry can be suggested as team-building interventions in the areas of teamwork, communication, and trust.</p>
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Roth, Axel. "Self-similar solution for a fractal drum." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263164.

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Books on the topic "Drum"

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illustrator, Eligio Antonio 1958, and Dole Mayra L, eds. Drum, Chavi, drum! Childrens Book Press, 2014.

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Toulson, Rob. Drum Sound and Drum Tuning. Focal Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003104209.

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Locke, David. Drum damba: Talking drum lessons. White Cliffs Media Co., 1990.

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Tatos, Mircea. Drum la capăt de drum. Ararat, 2002.

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Grianna, Seosamh Mac. The big drum =: An druma mór. Ben Madigan Press, 2009.

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Sharp, Allen. Death's drum. Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Magee, Kevin. Tedium drum. Lyric & Press, 1994.

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Whitman, Walt. Drum taps. Dodo Press, 2008.

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Sebastian, Bonner, and Minsky Alicia, eds. Dharma drum. Dharma Drum Corp., 1999.

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Kate, Andi. Drum! Drum! Familius LLC, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drum"

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Fiel, Wolfgang. "Drum." In Eckhard Schulze-Fielitz. Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99198-5_28.

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Weik, Martin H. "drum." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_5628.

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Weik, Martin H. "magnetic drum." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_10869.

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Izhaki, Roey. "Drum triggering." In Mixing Audio. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315716947-27.

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Weik, Martin H. "print drum." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_14617.

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Chu, Zhou. "Memory Drum." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Psychology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6000-2_792-1.

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Storm, Dikka, and Trude Fonneland. "Drum Time." In Memory Institutions and Sámi Heritage. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003426318-5.

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Dixon, Luke. "The Drum." In Play-Acting. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003422006-17.

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Izhaki, Roey. "Drum triggering." In Mixing Audio, 4th ed. Focal Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003303077-29.

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Corbett, Ian. "Drum Miking." In Mic It! Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003033042-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drum"

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Guo, Haixia, Frank Vacha, Sunil Nayar, Mark Odegard, Enzo Falo, and Simon Yuen. "Coke Drum Weld Design for Better Fatigue Performance." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19182.

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Abstract Low cycle fatigue is a dominating damage mechanism for coke drums due to the batch cyclic operation and water quenching process. Resistance to low cycle fatigue is one of the major considerations when designing new drums. In a major coke drum replacement project, lab testing was employed to assist selection of weld profile, welding processes for clad restoration, and to generate the fatigue curves for the specific weld design. This paper summarizes part of the main testing results and findings from the lab testing program, using samples made with C-0.5Mo steel with Alloy 625 cladding. These testing results supported design selection for better fatigue resistance and are anticipated to increase service life of the new coke drums.
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Seijas, Antonio, and Alex Berry. "Coke Drum Skirt Life-Cycle Management." In ASME 2024 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2024-123402.

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Abstract Delayed coking is a form of thermal cracking used for processing “bottom barrel” residuum in a refinery delayed coking unit (DCU). Coke drums, which are key components of the process, are subject to thermal cyclic and aggressive operating conditions and have a finite life. A safe and reliable operation before replacement requires special considerations to manage the key aspects defining the coke drum life-cycle. The skirt to vessel connection has been identified as one of the critical locations limiting the coke drum life; the skirt-to-vessel weld is vulnerable to fatigue cracking, while the skirt itself is vulnerable to bulging and key holes cracking. In this paper, key aspects of coke drum life-cycle management will be discussed, covering the useful life of coke drum skirts from “cradle” to “grave.” Important aspects such as supplemental requirements for skirt design and fabrication, specialized in-service inspection, on-line monitoring, engineering assessment, repairs and replacements will be covered in detail. This paper includes a short literature review of common skirt designs and damage mechanisms of greatest concern with consideration given to fabrication of skirts for both new coke drums and skirt retrofitting projects. Five case studies are reviewed in detail including: the analysis of the skirt configuration for a new pair of coke drums; two coke drum set skirt retrofitting projects; two skirt repair events in two separate coke drum sets. The paper will include closing remarks and recommendations to help improve the management of skirts for these complex and critical pressure vessels.
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Okada, Koh, Fumiko Ishizawa, Akihiro Kobayashi, Akihito Yoshii, Mizuki Sakamoto, and Tatsuo Nakajima. "Virtual Drum: Ubiquitous and playful drum playing." In 2014 IEEE 3rd Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce.2014.7031085.

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Ma, Xin, Yi Xie, and Zhiqiang Ge. "Identification of Typical Damage Mechanism of Coke Drum in Delayed Coking Unit." In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-107648.

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Abstract Coke drums are large pressure equipment critical to the delayed coking unit (DCU) of refineries, which are used for the carbonization reaction involving dehydrogenation, rearrangement and polymerization. Due to the complexity of the internal process medium, the variability of structure and severe operation loads, many potential damage mechanisms may occur in the in-service coke drums. Failures such as corrosion, bulging and local thinning of the drum body; cracking at the connection between outlet nozzle and drum body and the fillet weld in skirt-to-conical head joints have been frequently found. Therefore, it is very important for a pressure vessel inspector to identify the exact potential damage mechanisms at a specific place of the coke drum. In this article, typical damage mechanisms of coke drum in delayed coking unit are identified according to the component content of internal process medium, the construction materials of the coke drums, and the structure features of the vessel. The main characterizations, the crucial influencing factors, and the control measures are put forward as well. Based on some inspection examples of coke drums, the causes of typical failures and the corresponding inspection and detection methods are given to provide reference for pressure vessel inspectors and periodic inspection of coke drums.
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Waldschütz, Hannes, Eva Hornecker, Leoni Fischer, et al. "Drum Roll." In DIS '20: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2020. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3393914.3395848.

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Bae, Jaehyuck, Byungjoo Lee, Sungmin Cho, Yunsil Heo, and Hyunwoo Bang. "Drum On." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2012 Posters. ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2342896.2342981.

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Bae, Jaehyuck, Byungjoo Lee, Sungmin Cho, Yunsil Heo, and Hyunwoo Bang. "Drum On." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2012 Emerging Technologies. ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2343456.2343464.

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Kirkpatrick, Kenneth, Les Antalffy, Barry Millet, and George Miller. "Extending Drum Life While Increasing Throughput in a Delayed Coking Unit." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65222.

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As throughput is increased and cycle times are reduced for delayed cokers, many owners are experiencing an increased occurrence of repairs and drum failures. Typically, other equipment in the facilities are upgraded while the coker unit is left unchanged and is expected to perform under more severe cyclic conditions. The operators are required to keep increasing the throughput and decrease the cycle time to meet targeted production. Most Coke drum failures are due to the high cyclic thermal stresses. Cyclic thermal stresses along with their increased occurrence lead to premature failures and cracking. It can be shown that by adding a 3rd drum to a 2 drum unit, the drum life can be extended by several fold, possibly eliminate the need to replace the coke drums and at the same time increase throughput.
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Vivas, Gabriel A., Armando J. Moret, Roberto E. Bello, Luis M. Melian, Jose R. Carmona, and Egler D. Araque. "Fatigue Assessment of a Bulged Coke Drum." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65414.

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Coke drums are subjected to batch cycles processing residue from refineries and upgrading the fuel streams back to the plant for further processing. As a result of operating conditions, these vessels are subjected to severe non-uniform thermal gradients that lead to localized hot and cold spots. The predominant failure mode in the coke drum shell is therefore the natural, but unwanted, progression of bulges and corrugations and eventual cracking. According to a coke drum survey coordinated by API in 1996 from 145 coke drums, 57% were found to have shell bulging problems. A common trend to increase profitability in coke drum units is reducing operational cycle length; which aggravates bulging and cracking mechanisms on these vessels. As part of the bulging monitoring process, laser mapping and bulge severity factor (BSF) analysis were conducted in a total of six coke drums. The vessel that exhibited the most significant bulges was subsequently instrumented with strain gauges and thermocouples in three specific regions. Finite element analyses (FEA) of the instrumented regions were performed using the laser mapping and 2-dimensional temperature gradients as inputs, and compared with the strain gauge measurements. The assessment shows the level of damage produced during operation, as well as the changes in damage from one cycle to the next. The usage factor can be used as a decision criterion by operation personnel for potential changes, as well as aiding in decision making on when to repair, replace or reinforce the sections of interest.
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Dewees, Dave, and Nick Baden. "Investigation of Coke Drum Washer Plate Loosening and Top Nozzle Deformation." In ASME 2024 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2024-129290.

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Abstract A pair of operating coke drums recently experienced two events of abnormal vibration of the structure during coke cutting. Inspections after each event identified progressive loosening of base plate anchoring in both drums from the first instance to the second as well as increasing deformation of an antifoam nozzle. The antifoam nozzles on both drums were affected, with one nozzle developing a through-wall crack after the second event. This paper presents analysis to quantify the relationship between top-drum movement large enough to deform the nozzle and the resulting effect on the drum anchoring. A complete finite element model of the coke drum, skirt and anchoring is constructed using shell and beam elements. Both mechanical and thermal movements are imposed on the drum and the resulting bolt stresses and strains are evaluated to support root cause and integrity analyses. Results suggest only thermal bowing captures the observed anchor bolt behavior while still reproducing the needed top deflection to crack the antifoam nozzle. Cyclic analysis is performed over multiple thermal cycles that duplicates the progressive washer plate loosening/bolt-stretching observed in practice.
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Reports on the topic "Drum"

1

Whitmill, L. J. Waste drum refurbishment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656792.

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2

McBeath, R. S. Drum drop test report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/34237.

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3

MCDONALD, K. M. Unvented Drum Handling Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804477.

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4

Ruff, D. T. One-trip drum operating instruction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10190277.

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5

Susskind, Lawrence E., and John G. Wofford. Fort Drum Disputes Review Panel. Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada281243.

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6

Dykes, K. L., and M. L. Meyer. Transuranic drum hydrogen explosion tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5653853.

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7

De Rosset, William S., and Eleanor C. Deal. Fort Drum Ballistic Barrier Tests. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306059.

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8

Stender, Kerith, Riley Splittstoesser, and Kimberly Monroe. Drum Handling, Ergonomic Best Practices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1583142.

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9

Dixon, D., P. Armstrong, K. Daellenbach, et al. Fort Drum integrated resource assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6777380.

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Dixon, D. R., P. R. Armstrong, J. R. Brodrick, et al. Fort Drum integrated resource assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6841672.

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