Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drums design

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Drums design'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Drums design"

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Yu, Kai An, Kun Ding, and Ying Hua Chen. "Design and Research of Double-Drum Winch for Lowering Mooring Anchor Chains." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 2178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.2178.

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The designed double-drum winch is applied to the development of Liwan 3-1 gas field of the South China Sea for lowering mooring anchor chains, which is composed of motor, brake, reducer, front and rear drums, two-stage gear transmission devices, rack and base. There is an intermediate axle between two drums of the winch. On the intermediate axle there are two gears, a large one and a small one. The large gear installed on the intermediate axle goes into mesh with the pinion gear installed on the output shaft of reducer, and the small gear installed on intermediate axle meshes with the large gears installed on the front and rear drums separately. The speed of rotate from the motor is sent to the two-stage gear transmission devices by the reducer, to realize two drums rotate simultaneously in the same direction. Compared to the double-drum winch of multi-motor synchronous drive, the designed double-drum winch can be more reliable and avoid the difficult technical problems of multi-motor synchronous drive and control in a large extent.
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Ma, Xiao Hong, and Xin Wei Yu. "The Expert System Design of Shearer Spiral Drums." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.433.

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A spiral drum is a important cutting mechanism, and its design quality has important effect on the machine service life, volume of the coal block and breast conditions. By analysis and study of the key technology on the expert system and reference to expert experience and design examples, the expert system of shearer drums is found bottom-up upper based on VB6.0 programming platform and adopted modular design method. It is quickly designed and simulated for the spiral drum structure by using the expert system, which improves design qualities and efficiencies on shearer drum and lays a foundation for the designing high quality shearer.
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Fidrovska, N., K. Liesovytskyi, and A. Chernyshenko. "New approach for design of mine drums." Engineering 17 (2016): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32820/2079-1747-2016-17-59-61.

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Meunier, Sarah M., Joanne Gamage, Zdravko Duvnjak, and Zisheng Zhang. "Design and Characterization of a Novel Rotating Corrugated Drum Reactor for Wastewater Treatment." International Journal of Photoenergy 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/146743.

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A novel photoreactor system consisting of a TiO2-coated corrugated drum and a UV light source is experimentally characterized for the treatment of phenol-polluted wastewaters. The design incorporates periodic illumination and increased agitation through the introduction of rotation. The effects ofrent degrees and flat fins to increase surface area, varying rotational speed, initial pollutant concentration, and illumination intensities were studied. The corrugated and finned drums did not exhibit a critical rotational speed, indicating that there is excellent mass transfer in the system. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic analysis was applied to the degradation, and an average adsorption coefficient ofK=0.120 L/mg was observed. The overall reaction rate increased with increasing surface area from 0.046 mg/L/min for the annular drum to 0.16 mg/L/min for the 40-fin drum. The apparent photonic efficiency was found to increase with increasing surface area at a faster rate for the corrugations than for the fin additions. The energy efficiency (EE/O) found for the drums varied from 380–550 kWh/m3, which is up to 490% more energy-efficient than the annular drum.
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Qin, Huanhuan, Aiguo Song, and Yiting Mo. "Evaluation of a multi-drum magnetorheological brake via finite element analysis considering number of drums and fluid gap selection in optimization." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 5 (February 13, 2019): 778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19828517.

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Under the same excitation, the multi-drum magnetorheological brake has a nonuniform distribution of flux density over fluid gaps. Each fluid gap has its own flux density and shear area. Therefore, the number of drums and the fluid gap selection in optimization are two important parameters to be considered in a multi-drum brake design. When a fluid gap is selected in optimization, the brake is optimized to reach the maximum required flux density over this gap. This article focuses on evaluating the influence of these two parameters on the performance of the multi-drum brake. According to the number of drums and the fluid gap selection in optimization, the brakes were marked and optimized via finite element analysis. After all optimal designs were obtained, the performance in terms of torque, volume, mass, and power consumption as well as the torque–volume, torque–mass, and torque–power ratios were calculated and compared. Based on the evaluation results, suggestions on the number of drums and the fluid gap selection in optimization are given.
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Alexis, Clifford, Al O'Connor, and Thomas D. Rossing. "Tonal design and tuning of Caribbean steel drums." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 80, S1 (December 1986): S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023509.

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Kudryavtsev, L. A., and V. N. Roshchin. "Reducing dynamic loads in design of assembling drums." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21, no. 7 (July 1985): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01149656.

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Hofmann, Raimond, Christopher Matthes, and Thorsten Schmidt. "Capabilities of Additively Manufactured Rope Drums." innoTRAC Journal 1 (December 3, 2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14464/innotrac.v1i0.461.

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Many industry sectors benefit from the new opportunities additive manufacturing provides. Lightweight designs and integration of function are only two aspects. As there are no approaches present to insert additive manufacturing into the design of hoisting appliances though, we try to evaluate the room for improvement through experimental analysis. Additively manufactured synthetic drum-bodies fit for 8 mm wire ropes and containing different infill structures were tested for tensile strength. The cylindrical gyroid TPMS and straight spokes structures performed best with standardised tensile strengths of 17.53 and 16.40 kN/kg. Our findings indicate that additively manufactured rope drums can be a viable option for future hoisting appliances.
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Leng, Yue Feng, Jia Liu, and Feng Zu. "Parametric Design on Belt Conveyor Drums Based on VBA." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1243.

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As an example to belt conveyor drums, this article introduces a parametric drawing method. The method uses inlays language VBA to secondary develop AutoCAD and achieves the design process of components through the procedure. The parametric design method reduces the designer’s duplicated drawing works which carried on to some kinds of components, and enhances the drawing quality and efficiency.
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Hernández-Suárez, Rogelio, Héctor Puebla, and Ricardo Aguilar-López. "Parametric Approach for the Optimal Design of Knockout Drums." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 46, no. 21 (October 2007): 7008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0701930.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drums design"

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Cilvez, Eda. "Design And Operation Of A Microwave Oven With Rotating Drums." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610988/index.pdf.

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In this study it was aimed to design and operate a new system with sufficient number of rotating drums since rotation of turntable is incapable of providing uniformity. Effect of new design on final color values and moisture content were also investigated. Macaroni beads were colored with CoCl2 solution and processed in a domestic microwave oven starting from 11.3±
0.10% moisture content and L*= 41.1±
0.31 , a*= 8.5±
0.27 , b*= 5.3±
0.22 color value with turntable and the proposed design. In experiments 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% power levels and 1, 2 and 3 min processing times and 2 different locations were used. The average color values measured were not affected significantly by the locations studied inside the cavity for both operation types. The changes in color values were found to be significant with altering power level for both operation types. Time also changed average color values for samples processed on turntable and in rotating drums. The new design lowered the average L* values of the final product and kept the sample from burning. Average a* and b* values were not significantly affected by the operation type. The uniformity of final product in terms of color distribution was affected significantly by the operation type and the improvement in uniformity calculated quantitatively by means of variances and found out that the new design improved the color uniformity of the final product by 94.7%. The non-uniformity of the products processed on turntable was significantly changed with power level. Time or location did not affect uniformity significantly for both operation types. The final average moisture contents of samples processed on turntable were lower than the ones processed with the new design. That is, the rotating drums lowered the moisture removal compared to the turntable.
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Meijer, Helmut. "Research into and design of a digital sound sample library for acoustic drums." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16388.

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Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sound sample libraries represent the format in which huge collections of sampled sounds are made available for use within digital samplers and/or other digital audio workstations (DAW’s). Although in use for many years, little or no academic research has been done on the methodology of compiling a commercial sound sample library. In this endeavour, the factors influencing the design, recording and publishing of a sound sample library are investigated through the actual design of a drum sample library. The rationale behind the sampling of a drum kit is carefully depicted in the light of various other factors influencing the instrument, as well as being influenced by the instrument itself. A professional drummer was engaged to play a state-of-the art Gretsch acoustic drum kit. Samples of the kit, consisting of various individual instrument parts, were recorded in three locations within the Konservatorium of Stellenbosch University, for reasons carefully explained in the text. These numerous drum hits were mixed and cut into individual drum samples. The samples were mapped into a digital software sampler, GigaStudio, creating five distinct collections of drum samples that faithfully represent the quality of the drum kit, the recording rooms as well as the equipment used in the process. The outcome of the study is a professional product in the form of a Gretsch drum sample collection, prepared for commercial release. Many of the drum samples have already been used successfully in commercial music releases over the past 12 months. Whilst the drum sample library is currently being published, the product and documentation clearly depict the viability of the study in terms of the artistic and academic expectations that have been met. The study anticipates future research on the subject.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klankbiblioteke heet die formaat waarin versamelings van klankmonsters beskikbaar gestel word vir gebruik in digitale samplers1 en/of ander digitale klankprogrammatuur. Nieteenstaande die feit dat klankbiblioteke reeds jare in gebruik is, is geen studie waarin die ontwerp en saamstel van so ‘n biblioteek beskryf word, bekend nie. In hierdie navorsingsprojek word die faktore wat die ontwerp, opneem en vrystelling van ‘n klankbiblioteek beïnvloed bestudeer deur die skep van so ‘n biblioteek. Die oorwegings vir die keuse van ‘n tromstel is noukeurig uiteengesit in die lig van die faktore wat betrekking het tot, en wederkerig beïnvloed is deur die instrument en opname-omgewing. ‘n Professionele tromspeler is vir die projekdoeleindes gekontrakteer om ‘n Gretsch akoestiese tromstel te speel. Klankmonsters van die tromstel se individuele komponente is in drie lokale binne die Konservatorium van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch opgeneem, met redes soos uiteengestip in die teks. Klankopnames van die talle tromslae is gemeng en opgesny in individuele klankmonsters. Laasgenoemde is in GigaStudio, ‘n digitale sagteware sampler, gekarteer sodat vyf duidelik-onderskeibare klankveramelings geskep is. Hierdie versamelings lig die kwaliteit van die tromstel asook die verskeie opnamelokale en toerusting wat gebruik is duidelik uit. Die resultaat van die studie is ‘n professionele produk in die vorm van ‘n Gretsch kommersiële klankbiblioteek, waarvan verskeie klankmonsters reeds oor die afgelope 12 maande in plaaslike musiekvrystellings gebruik is. Hoewel die klankbiblioteek huidiglik vrygestel word, toon die produk en dokumentasie duidelik die artistiese en tegniese waardigheid van die studie. Die studie antisipeer toekomstige navorsings-moontlikhede wat uit die onderwerp mag voortspruit.
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Sunkara, Koteswara Rao [Verfasser], and Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] Specht. "Granular flow and design studies in flighted rotating drums / Koteswara Rao Sunkara. Betreuer: Eckehard Specht." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1054420610/34.

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Sunkara, Koteswara Rao Verfasser], and Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Specht. "Granular flow and design studies in flighted rotating drums / Koteswara Rao Sunkara. Betreuer: Eckehard Specht." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ma9:1-3843.

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Slíva, Karel. "Návrh dvoutlakého horizontálního kotle na odpadní teplo." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254297.

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The focus of this thesis is a proposal of a horizontal dual-pressure heat recovery steam generator. The introductory part includes thermal calculation, as well as a design of the layout and a design of the heat transfer surfaces and the layout of the boiler. Individual chapters are broken down according to the outline of the proposal for the arrangement of the heating surfaces, according to the parameters of the flue gas and steam. The master thesis contains a scheme of a real heat transfer temperature diagram and it also includes the calculation of connecting and downcomer pipes and drums. The final part describes the calculation of the boiler draft loss. The main idea of the thesis is accompanied by the technical documentation of the drawing of the boiler.
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Med, Lukáš. "Návrh dvoutlakého horizontálního kotle na odpadní teplo." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241924.

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This master's thesis deals with thermal calculation and design of proportions of calorific components of a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), which is placed behind a combustion turbine, for given parameters of exhaust gases and requested parameters of steam. In the first chapters is described the design, layout of HRSG and the thermal calculation. The next parts deal with the design of flue-gas duct and each individual heating surface. Next section shows computations of dimensions of drums, flooding pipes, transferring pipes and all other outer pipes. The chosen materials are described in one of the last chapters and the last chapter deals with calculation of draft loss of steam generator.
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Kjellberg, Nils. "Lätt på foten : En självobservationsstudie i fottekniksövning med dubbelpedalspel på trummor." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Musikhögskolan Ingesund, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68255.

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Syftet med arbetet är att jämföra två olika metoder för inlärning av fotteknik för spel vid trumset och hur de två olika metoderna påverkar trumspel. För att undersöka detta användes videoobservation samt loggbokförande under de sex veckor som undersökningsperioden varade. Varje vecka filmades tre olika övningstillfällen med varierande fokus. Studien grundar sig i det designteoretiska perspektivet. Resultatet av studien visade att olika metoder kan ge varierande resultat och att utforskandet av nya metoder kan ge positiva och oväntade resultat. Resultatet pekar även på att strategier och struktur ger positiva effekter vid övning. I diskussionsdelen diskuteras vilka resurser som varit mest givande för min utveckling samt hur en trummis måste vara medveten om sina begränsningar för att strategiskt kunna forma övning.
The purpose of this study is to compare two different methods of learning foot-technique and how the two methods affect playing of the drums. To examine this video-observation filled an important role with complement of a journal during the six weeks of practice that were recorded. Each week there were three videos recorded with variating focus each video. The study is based on design theory which is described in the background chapter. The result of this study showed that different methods can result in variating outcome and it also showed that exploring new methods can give positive effects on your practice. The discussion revolves around what resources have been the most impactful for my own personal development and how one must be conscious of one’s own limitations to be able to create a successful plan of practice.
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Maršík, Jaroslav. "Dvoutlaký horizontální kotel na odpadní teplo (HRSG)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232157.

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The Master’s thesis dealing with design of heat recovery steam generator with two pressure levels is split into nine sections. The first section describes the design and the layout of HRSG. The second part deals with heat calculation. The third section deals with design of flue-gas duct. The fourth part describes designs of individual heating surfaces, including steam superheaters, vaporizers and economizer. Next section shows the real temperature diagram and choice of the materials. The seventh section describes the calculation of outer pipelines and the eighth part deals with the drums design. The last section deals with the calculation of draft loss of steam generator.
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Gupta, Sona. "Rational design and delivery of peptide drugs." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323850.

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Soldevila, Barreda Joan Josep. "Design of catalytic organometallic anti-cancer drugs." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63808/.

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This thesis is concerned with the design of organometallic half sandwich complexes which can catalyse the conversion of oxidised coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to its reduced form. The coenzyme pair NAD+/NADH is involved in many biological processes, such as regulation of the redox balance, and DNA repair. Disturbance of the NAD+/NADH ratio can lead to cell death. In particular, cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress and therefore might be more susceptible to changes in the NAD+/NADH levels. A series of neutral Ru(II) complexes of the type [(η6-arene)Ru(N,N’)(L)] (arene = p-cymene (p-cym), hexamethylbenzene (hmb), biphenyl (bip), benzene (bn); N,N’ = N-(2-aminoethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide (TfEn), N-(2-aminoethyl)-toluensulfonamide (TsEn), or N-(2-aminoethyl)-4-methylensulfonamide (MsEn)) were synthesized and fully characterized. The complexes were shown by 1H-NMR to catalyse region-selectively the transfer hydrogenation of NAD+ to 1,4-NADH. Comparison of the turnover frequencies (TOF) for the complexes show a trend in which a decrease in catalytic activity with the arene ligand follows the order bn > bip > p-cym > hmb and TfEn > TsEn > MsEn. Complex [(η6-bn)Ru(TfEn)Cl] (12) was found to be the most active with a TOF of 10.4 h-1. The catalytic cycle for the transfer hydrogenation reaction was studied for complex [(p-cym)Ru(TsEn)Cl] (2). The monotosylate ethylenediamine Ru(II) complexes were used to carry out, for the first time, transfer hydrogenation reactions in cellulo (A2780 ovarian cancer cells) using formate as a hydride source. The antiproliferative activity of six complexes on co-administration with non-toxic doses of sodium formate were studied. A significant potentiation of the antiproliferative activity by formate was observed. The concentrations of NAD+ and NADH in cells showed an important reduction in the NAD+/NADH ratio. This study demonstrates that it may be possible to use catalytic transfer hydrogenation as a strategy for multi-targeted redox mechanisms of action for anticancer drugs. In order to compare the anticancer mechanism of the monotosylate ethylenediamine Ru(II) complexes with the corresponding ethylenediamine (en) complexes, DNA binding studies were carried out. The complexes were shown to bind to nucleobases only moderately strongly and no direct coordination to calf thymus DNA was observed. The complexes can destabilize DNA, but they display low affinity towards DNA, which suggests that DNA is probably not involved in the mechanism of these family of compounds. Interaction of complex [(p-cym)Ru(TsEn)] (2) with glutathione (GSH) was also studied. The complex undergoes ligand substitution. Two Ru(II) dimers were formed as the main products of the reaction: ([((p-cym)Ru)2(μ-GS)3] and [((p-cym)Ru)2(μ-GS)2]). These dimers share structural similitudes with other reported Ru(II) arene anticancer drugs, which suggests that they could be responsible for the moderate antiproliferactive activity of complex 2. A series of CpxRh(III) (CpX = CpXPhPh, CpXPh or Cp*) complexes containing en or TfEn were synthesised and fully characterised. The complexes were shown to catalyse regioselectively the transfer hydrogenation of NAD+ to 1,4-NADH with higher TOF than their Ru(II) analogues. Rh(III)-en compounds were shown to be more active than the Rh(III)-TfEn analogues. The nature of the Cpx ring was shown to influence significantly the catalytic activity of the complexes following the trend: CpXPhPh > CpXPh > Cp*. Complex [(CpXPhPh)Rh(en)Cl]+ (19) was the most active, with a TOF of 24.2 h-1. The catalytic cycle for the transfer hydrogenation reaction was studied using complex [(Cp*)Rh(en)Cl]+ (17) and compared to that of the Ru(II) analogues, and was found to be similar. Antiproliferative activity of the complexes in combination with formate, in A2780 cells, was investigated, but the potentiation due to the transfer hydrogenation was much lower than that obtained with Ru(II) compounds.
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Books on the topic "Drums design"

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1938-, Hruby Victor J., ed. Synthesis of essential drugs. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006.

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Williams, Robert O., Alan B. Watts, and Dave A. Miller. Formulating poorly water soluble drugs. New York, NY: AAPS Press, 2012.

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Klesov, A. A. Glycobiology and drug design. Edited by American Chemical Society. Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2012.

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Klesov, A. A. Glycobiology and drug design. Edited by American Chemical Society. Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2012.

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Chemical library design. [New York, N.Y.]: Humana Press, 2011.

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Li, Jie Jack, and Douglas S. Johnson. Innovative drug synthesis. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

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Rahman, Atta-ur. Frontiers in drug design and discovery. Edited by ebrary Inc. Saif Zone, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates]: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2009.

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Rahman, Atta-ur. Frontiers in drug design and discovery. Edited by ebrary Inc. Saif Zone, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates]: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2006.

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Rahman, Atta-ur, Barry A. Springer, and Gary W. Caldwell. Frontiers in drug design and discovery. Edited by ebrary Inc. Saif Zone, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates]: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2005.

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David, Mountford, ed. Chemistry of drugs. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drums design"

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Cox, S., and M. Ross. "Extremal Eigenvalue Problems for Starlike Drums." In Topology Design of Structures, 345–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1804-0_25.

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Folkers, Gerd, Elvan Kut, and Martin Boyer. "Drug Design: Designer Drugs." In X.media.publishing, 53–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69002-3_5.

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Klebe, Gerhard. "How Drugs Act: Concepts for Therapy." In Drug Design, 471–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17907-5_22.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Designer Drugs." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 655–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_526.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Designer Drugs." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 951. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_526.

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Endres, Gregory W., Travis J. Worst, and Jon E. Sprague. "Designer Drugs." In Chromatographic Techniques in the Forensic Analysis of Designer Drugs, 17–28. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis/CRC Press, 2018. | Series: Chromatographic science series: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315313177-2.

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Perrone, Dina. "Designer Drugs." In The Handbook of Drugs and Society, 149–74. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118726761.ch8.

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Klebe, Gerhard. "Biologicals: Peptides, Proteins, Nucleotides, and Macrolides as Drugs." In Drug Design, 813–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17907-5_32.

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Nguyen, Jeffrey-Tri, and Yoshiaki Kiso. "Delivery of Peptide Drugs." In Peptide Chemistry and Drug Design, 271–310. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118995303.ch8.

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Colman, P. M. "Drugs Targeting Influenza Virus Neuraminidase." In Structure-Based Drug Design, 87–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9028-0_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drums design"

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Aumuller, John J., Zihui Xia, and Feng Ju. "Application of Elastic-Plastic Methods to Delayed Coker Drum Design." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57275.

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Coke drums are pressure vessels that are used in oil sands and conventional refinery processing industries for the thermal cracking of reduced bitumen to recover additional, saleable gas and liquid product streams. The drums are constructed to the requirements of ASME VIII Division 1 although they are in a low cycle thermal-mechanical service environment. Recent practice has been to introduce design by analysis considerations from ASME VIII Division 2 even though service temperatures of the actual equipment exceed the design limits of the Code. In this paper, simplified elastic-plastic analysis models are developed for assessment of the stress and strain levels in coke drums during specific operational phases. One model is applied for determination of the local stress caused by differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the clad liner and base materials. Because clad construction is used throughout the vessel, the impact is extensive. Consideration is given to the general stresses induced by the cyclical, progressive dilation and contraction action of the drum shell caused by axial thermal gradients. Another model estimates hot and cold spot formation and the development of localized stress / strain distributions in coke drums. The resulting thermal stresses include the local stress from suppression of differential expansion between clad and base material, thermal bending stresses and local thermal stresses from hot and cold spot formation. It is found that the evaluation of these loads on drum cracking aligns with industry survey results. Better understanding of these loads has impact on materials selection and fabrication procedures for new drums and repair of existing drums. Operational considerations can also be identified to help improve drum reliability.
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Mason, J. A., M. R. Looman, and R. A. Price. "Design and Operation of the Combined Technology Automated Waste Characterization System." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59308.

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This paper describes the design and operation of the Combined Technology Automated Waste Characterisation System (CTA-WCS) at JRC Ispra. The WCS was designed for the measurement of fission products and uranium and plutonium containing waste arising from nuclear fuel and nuclear materials processing and reactor operations. The WCS covers a range of activity including Low and Intermediate Level Waste (LLW and ILW). The system is designed to measure the waste in 200 and 400 (440) litre drums with a maximum drum weight of 1500 kg. Gamma-ray measurements of radio-nuclide content are performed by a gamma ray measurement station which functions as either a Segmented Gamma Scanner (SGS) or Tomographic Segmented Gamma-ray Scanner (TSGS). Either of these two techniques may be employed to perform the functions of drum screening, non-destructive examination (NDE) and, where appropriate, final drum assay. Coupled to the gamma ray station is a surface dose-rate measurement station, which employs 6-shielded Geiger-Muller detectors. Active and passive neutron measurements are performed by an advanced, graphite lined Differential Die-away (DDA) system, which comprises the neutron measurement station. The DDA performs conventional passive neutron totals, coincidence, and multiplicity counting and active DDA total neutron counting. Data analysis is based on the use of a range of matrix calibrations, some determined by Monte Carlo analysis. Linking the gamma ray and neutron measurement stations is an automated roller conveyor with a 20 drum buffer capability and a weight measurement station. Drums are identified by bar code reading technology. Once loaded, the system performs automatic assay of up to 20 drums and then returns the drums to the buffer position on the conveyor. The first WCS of this type was supplied to the European Commission at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra in northern Italy and it was commissioned at the end of 2007. It is now in a phase of pilot operation. Results will be presented from the first drum measurement campaign.
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Hua, Xiapin. "Structural Design for Replacing Elevated Drums." In Structures Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412367.109.

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Boswell, Richard S., and Bobby Wright. "State-of-the-Art Improvements in Coke Drum Design and Life Extension Practices." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/creep2007-26254.

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Coke drums are vessels critical to the operation and profitability of today’s oil refinery and tar sands facilities. These vessels operate in batch cycles at relatively high temperatures, ∼800F+, and about once a day they are filled with vapor and hot oil and finally quenched with water. They have historically been designed according as ASME Section VIII Division 1 pressure vessels with little or no account for the cyclic operation or fatigue service in which they operate. In the past ten years, the frequency and severity of these cycles dramatically increased while cycle times steadily decreased from 24 to 12 hour cycles and, more recently, to as low as 10 hour cycles. As a result, coke drums with few or no previous problems began to crack through wall in the shell and/or skirt region. In addition, many new coke drums are cracking through wall in as few as four to five years because they were not designed for the more severe fatigue service in which they currently operate. These observations have been learned by extensive monitoring and evaluation: • drums experienced lower switch temperatures (inadequate pre-warm for the skirt), • drums were heated and cooled much faster than anticipated, • contraction of the drum walls compacted the coke, • feed stocks were now different and produced harder coke, • reducing cycle times by as little as two hours caused average fatigue damage per cycle to increase by more than 30%. All of these occurrences can increase cyclic stress on drums and significantly accelerate cracking.
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Shargay, Cathleen, Anil Singh, Tim Munsterman, and Les Antalffy. "Coke Drum Design and Fabrication Issues." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25765.

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There are numerous design, materials and fabrication issues which significantly affect the cost, reliability and life of coke drums. Primarily in a pros and cons narrative, this paper discusses many of these critical decisions. It first outlines the potential damage mechanisms resulting from coke drum operation, which are primarily thermal fatigue and bulging and also embrittlement, sulfidation and erosion. Delayed Coking operation is described along with the ever present desire by owners to shorten cycle times to maximize unit throughput. Some examples of the decisions include the choices of alloys for base metals, cladding, and weld overlay, and the desire to maximize postweld heat treatment (PWHT) cycles while maintaining Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) toughness requirements to permit multiple future drum weld repairs. Design issues are reviewed such as uniform versus stepped thickness wall designs, and preferential placement of shell/cone plates to their optimum locations in relation to their individual thicknesses and yield strengths. Skirts also have options in attachment designs, thicknesses and the use of keyholes. The discussion of these and numerous other issues will hopefully assist the industry in the current development of a technical standard on coke drums being done by the American Petroleum Institute (API).
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Berry, Alex, Warren Brown, Antonio Seijas, and Sarah Cook. "A Review of Optimising the Design of a New Coke Drum Skirt." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93135.

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Abstract Coke drums are subjected to severe thermal cycling with the skirt to shell connection weld being vulnerable to fatigue cracking. It is essential this connection is well designed to ensure a long life before repairs are inevitably required. Much has been written on coke drum skirt design with the aim of reducing the thermal stresses and strains encountered at the skirt connection weld, some designs have removed the weld completely allowing the drum to sit in an “egg-in-cup” arrangement. This paper includes a short literature review discussing Coke drum skirt designs and explains skirt behaviour during the drum cycle that results in eventual skirt cracking. A case study is reviewed in detail for a new pair of coke drums, where the predicted fatigue life of the chosen welded connection is assessed using axisymmetric, quarter symmetry and half symmetry finite element analysis supported by thermocouple data. The optimised design focuses on a conventional tangential design where the effects of the essential variables such as skirt thickness, skirt connection location, skirt-to head-gap and slot design (length, location & spacing) have been modelled and optimised to obtain a skirt design that produces the longest fatigue life for the intended duty cycle. Coke drum skirts must be installed onto the shell to exacting tolerances during manufacture to ensure concentricity and minimal gap between the skirt and shell. A brief overview of how this is achieved will be presented.
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Aumuller, John J., Toshiya Yamamoto, and Zengtao Chen. "Further Considerations for the Determination of Service Life for Delayed Coker Drums." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84005.

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Delayed coker drums are unique in hydrocarbon processing facilities in that estimating their true design and service life has been problematic. Generally, pressure containing equipment in these facilities is designed using the notion of design life based on required pressure thickness and corrosion allowance considerations. Hence, pressure containing equipment is routinely monitored by facility inspectors for wall thickness. Although many analysts have ascribed coke drum failure to “thermal stress cycling”, the difficulty posed by the operation of coke drums results in an inability to measure or calculate the magnitude of the thermo-mechanical “stresses” and the actual number of significant exposures, that is, cycles causing fatigue damage. As well, the use of Code construction practices has been generally misapplied, for this specific equipment, as the practices are intended to define a safe design life rather than a service life. Indirect measures of service life based on shell bulge severity have fallen from favor by being ineffective. A trend to use a strain index method is somewhat more appealing but is based on static load and monotonic material property considerations rather than those properties indicative of thermal cyclic operation. Recent work has shown that thermo-mechanical strain cycling can be characterized quantitatively and used to determine a cyclic service life for both undamaged and damaged coke drums. This paper discusses some of the engineering specifics to generate a high probability estimate of coke drum fatigue service life for a new drum, a damaged-stable drum, drums with weld overlay and for drums exhibiting incremental damage.
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Samman, Mahmod. "Bulging Patterns of Coke Drums." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63812.

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One of the most common defects in coke drums is bulging, which is a non-uniform radial growth of the shell. Bulging often leads to cracks that occasionally result in leaks and fires. Drum bulging and cracking often cause unplanned outages, costly repairs, and premature replacement. Bulging is commonly treated as a single phenomenon that is caused by one failure mechanism. In this study, we examine this assumption using a database of one hundred and eighty four laser scans obtained from operational coke drums that vary in location, metallurgy, age, size, and wall thickness. Based on the study, we identified nine types of bulges and related them to loading mechanisms, design features, operating practices, and fabrication processes that likely contribute to their formation. This new understanding of bulging types and causes should help design, fabricate, and operate coke drums informed manner.
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Aumuller, John J., and Vincent A. Carucci. "Determination of Service Life for Undamaged and Damaged Delayed Coker Drums." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63006.

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A stated goal of governments in addressing climate warming and to transition to a low carbon future by the end of this century is to increase the proportion of energy supplied by alternative sources. For the hydrocarbon processing industry, the question of stranded assets will become significant as these alternative energy sources become more prevalent. Existing equipment will need to operate to the end of its useful life and new equipment may need to be avoided. In particular, coker drums are very expensive investments due to their size, materials and number required in the delayed coker unit of a processing facility. Because of the severe service environment in which coke drums operate, the service life of a drum is not well established. Long term reliability of coker drums is impacted by thermo-mechanical damage mechanisms associated with self constraint of the drum shell and skirt during the formation of hot and cold temperature spots and patches. By assessing the imposed thermomechanical strains, a more precise determination of drum fatigue may be made, allowing better estimation of service life. This service life may be estimated for newly fabricated drums and those drums with shell damage, such as bulging. Service life determination is of practical importance for operators since it provides a more realistic estimate of operational life as compared to the normally referenced Code design life. An accurate estimation of drum service life has not been available in the industry to date due to a number of deficiencies and conservatisms in the current calculation practices. Insight into the causal damage mechanism provides opportunities in identifying alternatives in design, material selection, fabrication, inspection, and maintenance for operating this equipment to a practical and optimal target service life.
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Vivas, Gabriel A., Armando J. Moret, Roberto E. Bello, Luis M. Melian, and Jose R. Carmona. "Assessment of the Influence of Central and Lateral Feed Injection Systems on the Remaining Life of Coke Drums." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65415.

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Coke drums are thin walled pressure vessels that are subjected to severe thermal cyclic operation, which causes low cycle thermal fatigue. Because of that, they are considered as the vessels with the highest failure rate in a refinery according to API survey conducted in1996. In the last decade, a new technology in bottom blocking valve systems for coke drums has been introduced which induces a change in the traditional center feeding system to lateral feeding system; basically with the main goal to increase operators safety. Taking into account the mechanical integrity and remaining life of coke drums, the central feeding system has traditionally been considered as the best option, however; this hypothesis has not been fully demonstrated. Two central fed coke drums were heavily instrumented with strain gauges and thermocouples in bulged zones identified after performing a bulge severity analysis (BSA). Thermocouple arrays and several strain gauges were installed in eight specific locations of the drums. This instrumentation was installed three months before installing bottom blocking valves in the drums, and consequently, changing their feeding system to lateral. A statistical analysis was performed using 40 thermal cycles of the two coke drums with central feeding system and 120 thermal cycles of the same coke drums after changing to lateral feeding system. The usage factor was estimated for each cycle considering the axial stress amplitude and a fatigue strength reduction factor of 2 for the ASME S-N design curve Fig. KD-320.2. Finally, the remaining life was estimated for each instrumented zone taking into consideration that the coke drums would have the same cumulative damage in the future. The results show that average remaining life at instrumented zones (considering all locations) of one coke drum increased when the lateral feeding system was introduced; while the average remaining life at instrumented zones for the second coke drum remained practically unchanged after the lateral feeding system was put in to service.
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Reports on the topic "Drums design"

1

Menlove, H. O., D. B. Beddingfield, and M. M. Pickrell. Passive neutron design study for 200-L waste drums. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/534520.

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2

Rodgers, L. A. ,. ICP Kaiser Hanford. Shielding design evaluations of concrete-lined drums for RH-Truwaste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/657964.

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3

DeCarlo, V. A. Design of a System for the Nondestructive Assay of {sup 233}U in Waste Drums. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814216.

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4

Becker, G. K. Design of benign matrix drums for the non-destructive assay performance demonstration program for the National TRU Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/425284.

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Edwards, W. S., R. J. Smith, and A. H. Wells. Packaging design criteria for the Type B Drum. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/114663.

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6

Taufer, Michela, Sandeep Patel, and Narayan Ganesan. Computer-Aided Design of Drugs on Emerging Hybrid High Performance Computers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607433.

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7

Rush, Laurie. Design and Test of Prototype Curation Facilities at Fort Drum, New York: The Fort Drum Repository Curation Methodology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada288473.

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8

Landau, B., A. Russillo, D. Frank, and D. Garland. The design, construction, and operation of the Integrated Radwaste Treatment System (IRTS) Drum Cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7082284.

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9

VandeKraats, J. Quarter-scale modeling of room convergence effects on CH (contact-handled) TRU drum waste emplacements using WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant) reference design geometries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5816878.

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10

Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Ian Blazina, Erika Brodt, David I. Buckley, Tamara P. Cheney, et al. Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer240.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of opioid, nonopioid pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic therapy in patients with specific types of acute pain, including effects on pain, function, quality of life, adverse events, and long-term use of opioids. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to August 2020, reference lists, and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of outpatient therapies for eight acute pain conditions: low back pain, neck pain, other musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain following discharge, dental pain (surgical or nonsurgical), pain due to kidney stones, and pain due to sickle cell disease. Meta-analyses were conducted on pharmacologic therapy for dental pain and kidney stone pain, and likelihood of repeat or rescue medication use and adverse events. The magnitude of effects was classified as small, moderate, or large using previously defined criteria, and strength of evidence was assessed. Results. One hundred eighty-three RCTs on the comparative effectiveness of therapies for acute pain were included. Opioid therapy was probably less effective than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for surgical dental pain and kidney stones, and might be similarly effective as NSAIDs for low back pain. Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental pain, but opioids were less effective than acetaminophen for kidney stone pain. For postoperative pain, opioids were associated with increased likelihood of repeat or rescue analgesic use, but effects on pain intensity were inconsistent. Being prescribed an opioid for acute low back pain or postoperative pain was associated with increased likelihood of use of opioids at long-term followup versus not being prescribed, based on observational studies. Heat therapy was probably effective for acute low back pain, spinal manipulation might be effective for acute back pain with radiculopathy, acupressure might be effective for acute musculoskeletal pain, an opioid might be effective for acute neuropathic pain, massage might be effective for some types of postoperative pain, and a cervical collar or exercise might be effective for acute neck pain with radiculopathy. Most studies had methodological limitations. Effect sizes were primarily small to moderate for pain, the most commonly evaluated outcome. Opioids were associated with increased risk of short-term adverse events versus NSAIDs or acetaminophen, including any adverse event, nausea, dizziness, and somnolence. Serious adverse events were uncommon for all interventions, but studies were not designed to assess risk of overdose, opioid use disorder, or long-term harms. Evidence on how benefits or harms varied in subgroups was lacking. Conclusions. Opioid therapy was associated with decreased or similar effectiveness as an NSAID for some acute pain conditions, but with increased risk of short-term adverse events. Evidence on nonpharmacological therapies was limited, but heat therapy, spinal manipulation, massage, acupuncture, acupressure, a cervical collar, and exercise were effective for specific acute pain conditions. Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of therapies for sickle cell pain, acute neuropathic pain, neck pain, and management of postoperative pain following discharge; effects of therapies for acute pain on non-pain outcomes; effects of therapies on long-term outcomes, including long-term opioid use; and how benefits and harms of therapies vary in subgroups.
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