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Journal articles on the topic 'Dry biomass productivity'
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1
Prado-Junior, Jamir A., Ivan Schiavini, Vagner S. Vale, et al. "Conservative species drive biomass productivity in tropical dry forests." Journal of Ecology 104, no. 3 (2016): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12543.
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Assemany, Paula Peixoto, Maria Lúcia Calijuri, Eduardo de Aguiar do Couto, Fernanda Pereira da Silva, and Mauro Henrique Batalha de Souza. "Energy recovery in high rate algal pond used for domestic wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 1 (2017): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.570.
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Abstract High rate algal pond (HRAP) was evaluated according to its energy potential and productivity by two rates, net energy ratio (NER) and specific biomass productivity. All energy inputs were calculated according to one HRAP with pre-ultraviolet disinfection treating anaerobic domestic sewage. The outputs were calculated for two energetic pathways: lipid and biogas production for the raw biomass (RB) and biomass after lipid extraction. The non-polar lipid content in dry biomass was 7.6%, reaching a daily lipid productivity of 0.2 g/m2·day and the biogas production potential was 0.20 m3/kg solids. For the biomass after lipid extraction, the biogas production reached 2.6 m3/kg solids. NER values of 10−3 for the RB were similar for lipids and biogas routes. The specific biomass productivity was 0.7 mg/kJ. For the residual biomass, after lipid extraction, NER value was 10−2 for the integrated route (lipids + biogas) and the specific biomass productivity of the extracted biomass was 0.4 mg/kJ. The best energetic pathway was to integrate both lipids and biogas route.
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Faggotter, S. J., I. T. Webster, and M. A. Burford. "Factors controlling primary productivity in a wet–dry tropical river." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 7 (2013): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12299.
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Algal production in rivers fuels foodwebs, and factors controlling this production ultimately affect food availability. Conversely, excessive algal production can have negative effects on higher trophic levels. The present study examined permanent waterholes in a disconnected wet–dry tropical river to determine the controls on algal production. Primary production in this river system was high compared with arid-zone and perennially flowing tropical rivers. Phytoplankton biomass increased over the dry season but this appeared to be because waterhole volume decreased, due to evaporation. Nitrogen (N) was the key limiting nutrient for phytoplankton, with rapid N turnover times, depletion of particulate 15N-nitrogen reflecting increasing N fixationover the dry season, and N stimulation in phytoplankton bioassays. The waterholes were shallow, providing sufficient light for accumulation of benthic algal biomass. Exclosure experiments were also conducted to determine the impact of top–down control on benthic algal biomass, with no evidence that exclusion of fish and crustaceans increased benthic algal biomass. The shallow off-channel waterhole in our study had substantially higher concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a than did the on-channel waterholes. This suggests that future anthropogenic changes, such as increased water extraction and increased nutrient inputs, could make the waterholes more vulnerable to deteriorating water quality, such as e.g. algal blooms, low concentrations of dissolved oxygen.
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Belyshkina, M. E., T. P. Kobozeva, M. G. Zagoruiko, et al. "Influence of moisture supply during the growing period on productivity and fodder value of soybean." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1405, no. 1 (2024): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1405/1/012027.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of research on comparative study of seed yield formation and aboveground biomass yield of soybean in years with different moisture availability, under the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. It has been found that the maximum accumulation of both raw and dry aboveground biomass, crude protein and fodder units in soybean agrocenosis is observed at the stage of full seed (R6). The average values for maximum yields in the experiment were the following: of aboveground raw biomass – 24.8 t/ha, aboveground dry biomass – 6.82 t/ha, protein yield in aboveground dry biomass – 1 278 kg/ha, yield in fodder units – 3.68 t/ha, the contribution of leaves to the yield of aboveground dry biomass being 23.0%, leaves accumulated 20.0% of protein where its content being 20.9%; the contribution of stems to the yield of aboveground dry biomass was 36.0%, stems provided 11.0% of protein accumulated where its content being 5.8%; the contribution of beans reached 41.0%, beans ensured 69.0% of crude protein where its content being 30.1%. Increased moisture availability contributed to a significant growth of the yield of aboveground raw biomass – 1.09-1.19-fold, aboveground dry biomass – 1.08-1.15-fold, protein yield in aboveground dry biomass – 1.10-1.21-fold, yield in fodder units in aboveground dry biomass – 1.07-1.14-fold. On average in the experiment seed yield reached 2.54 t/ha, yield of protein accumulated in seeds was 1 008 kg/ha, of fodder units – 3.40 t/ha. Increased level of available moisture contributed to increase in seed yield – by 1.14-1.21 times, collection of crude protein per unit area – by 1.19-1.31 times, yield of fodder units – by 1.13-1.21 times. It was found that the yield of aboveground biomass harvested at the stage of full seed (R6) significantly exceeded the seed yield: in terms of dry matter yield – by 2.69 times, protein yield – by 1.27 times, fodder units yield – by 1.08 times.
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Ahmadzadeh Araji, Hamidreza, Aimrun Wayayok, Samar Khayamim, et al. "Calibration of the Aquacrop Model to Simulate Sugar Beet Production and Water Productivity under Different Treatments." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 2 (2019): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12946.
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Abstract. The AquaCrop model, calibrated for 2002 and validated for 2003, is used to simulate sugar beet root dry yield, dry biomass, water productivity based on irrigation (WPi), and water productivity based on total water input (WPi+p) in an experimental field of the Karaj Sugar Beet Seed Institute (Karaj, Iran). Three irrigation treatments including full irrigation, 75% deficit irrigation, and 50% deficit irrigation were carried out in the main plots. The results of statistical comparison between the model output and observed data in the calibration (2002) and validation (2003) years showed that the AquaCrop model reliably simulated sugar beet yield and the biomass under different genotypes and irrigation levels. AquaCrop did a better job of simulating dry biomass than root dry yield. The findings show that by decreasing water input, including irrigation and precipitation, WPi, and WPi+p will increase. In total, statistical indicators and scatter plots indicated that the AquaCrop model had enough fitness to predict yield, biomass, and water productivity for the future. Keywords: AquaCrop, Yield; Biomass, WPi, WPi+p.
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Chavez, Jose C., Juan Enciso, Girisha Ganjegunte, Nithya Rajan, John Jifon, and Vijay P. Singh. "Growth Response and Productivity of Sorghum for Bioenergy Production in South Texas." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 5 (2019): 1207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13317.
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Abstract. Biomass sorghum ( (L.) Moench) is widely recognized for its high biomass yield potential, high efficiency in converting solar energy into biomass, and high efficiency in water use for biofuel production. Therefore, it could be a sustainable alternative to traditional food/feed crops in south Texas. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) quantify the growth response and dry biomass productivity of a forage sorghum hybrid (Pioneer 877F) and two high-biomass sorghum hybrids (Blade ES 5140 and Blade ES 5200) in south Texas, (2) determine the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the sorghum hybrids over two years, and (3) identify variations in WUE and water used among the hybrids. The experiments were conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Weslaco, Texas, during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. There were significant differences among hybrids during the two years in dry biomass, RUE, and WUE. The highest productivities and efficiencies were observed in the biomass hybrids. Blade ES 5200 produced an average dry biomass of 32.8 Mg ha-1 with a leaf area index (LAI) of 6.0 m2 m-2, RUE of 4.92 g MJ-1, and WUE of 6.98 kg m-3. In contrast to the biomass hybrids, the forage hybrid produced the lowest yields. The average dry biomass observed was 20.9 Mg ha-1 with an LAI of 2.6 m2 m-2, RUE of 3.52 g MJ-1, and WUE of 4.28 kg m-3. Our results show that biomass sorghum hybrids can produce up to 66% more biomass than forage hybrids, and they have potential for producing as much as 33 Mg ha-1 with 530 mm of water using drip irrigation in south Texas. Keywords: Biomass sorghum, Crop growth rate, Radiation use efficiency, Water use efficiency.
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Enciso, Juan, Jose C. Chavez, Girisha Ganjegunte, and Samuel D. Zapata. "Energy Sorghum Production under Arid and Semi-Arid Environments of Texas." Water 11, no. 7 (2019): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071344.
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Water availability and supply are critical factors in the production of bioenergy. Dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) of two biomass sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were studied in two different climatic locations during 2014 and 2015. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency of two energy sorghum cultivars grown in two different climatic environments: one at Pecos located in the Chihuahuan Desert and a second one located at Weslaco in the Lower Rio Grande bordering Mexico and with a semiarid environment. There were significant differences between locations in dry biomass and WUE. Dry biomass productivity ranged from 22.4 to 31.9 Mg ha−1 in Weslaco, while in Pecos it ranged from 7.4 to 17.6 Mg ha−1. Even though it was possible to produce energy sorghum biomass in an arid environment with saline-sodic soils and saline irrigation, the energy sorghum dry biomass yield was reduced more than 50% in the arid environment compared to production in a semiarid environment with good soil and water quality, and it required approximately twice as much water. Harsh production conditions combined with low energy prices resulted in negative net returns for all treatments. However, a moderate increase in ethanol price could make the semiarid cropland of Texas an economically feasible feedstock production location.
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Palanisamy, Karthick Murugan, Gaanty Pragas Maniam, Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman, Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim, Natanamurugaraj Govindan, and Yusuf Chisti. "Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Lipid Production by the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana." Fermentation 8, no. 1 (2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8010023.
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Biomass and lipid production by the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were characterized in media based on palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a source of key nutrients. The optimal medium comprised 20% by volume POME, 80 µM Na2SiO3, and 35 g NaCl L−1 in water at pH ~7.7. In 15-day batch cultures (16:8 h/h light–dark cycle; 200 µmol photons m−2 s−1, 26 ± 1 °C) bubbled continuously with air mixed with CO2 (2.5% by vol), the peak concentration of dry biomass was 869 ± 14 mg L−1 corresponding to a productivity of ~58 mg L−1 day−1. The neutral lipid content of the biomass was 46.2 ± 1.1% by dry weight. The main components of the esterified lipids were palmitoleic acid methyl ester (31.6% w/w) and myristic acid methyl ester (16.8% w/w). The final biomass concentration and the lipid content were affected by the light–dark cycle. Continuous (24 h light) illumination at the above-specified irradiance reduced biomass productivity to ~54 mg L−1 day−1 and lipid content to 38.1%.
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Chavez, Jose C., Juan Enciso, Manyowa N. Meki, Jaehak Jeong, and Vijay P. Singh. "Simulation of Energy Sorghum under Limited Irrigation Levels Using the EPIC Model." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12470.
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Abstract. Energy sorghum is one of the most attractive alternatives for producing energy in many regions of the world because of the high biomass productivity obtained in a short period. However, it faces many challenges, particularly where water resources are limited. Crop simulation models are suitable decision support tools for the assessment of crop water use and biomass production under different spatial and climatic conditions. Calibration of simulation models to local conditions is a necessary procedure to improve model reliability. The objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model for the production of energy sorghum under different irrigation levels. The model was then used to simulate crop biomass productivity and crop water use to identify appropriate irrigation strategies. This study was conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center in Weslaco, Texas. Simulations were performed to determine the total dry biomass, crop water use, the relationship between crop productivity and crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and water use efficiency (WUE). Simulated ETc agreed well with estimates from a weather station, except for a few simulation events. The statistical parameters derived from measured versus simulated dry biomass in the calibrated model, which indicated that the model performed well, were R2 = 0.99 and PBIAS = -5.35%. The calibrated model showed great potential for simulating the total dry biomass. At full irrigation, the difference between measured and simulated total dry biomass was 4.3% in 2013 and 3.0% in 2015. This study showed that energy sorghum requires approximately 600 mm of water to obtain 23 Mg ha-1 of total dry biomass. It also demonstrated that the EPIC model could be used for assessment of crop water use and total biomass under limited irrigation levels, especially in semi-arid regions. Keywords: Crop model, Dry biomass, Energy sorghum, EPIC model, Irrigation, Model calibration, Water use efficiency.
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de Cortázar, Victor Garcia, and Park S. Nobel. "Biomass and Fruit Production for the Prickly Pear Cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 4 (1992): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.4.558.
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Productivity of irrigated prickly pear cactus [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller] was studied over 3 years in central Chile using two planting densities. A low-density planting (0.25 plants/m2), traditionally favored for fruit production, had maximal fruit productivity in the 2nd year (6 Mg dry weight/ha per year). A high-density planting (24 plants/m2), which assured almost full interception of incident solar radiation, led to an extremely high shoot dry-weight productivity (50 Mg·ha-1·year-1) in the 2nd year and maximal fruit productivity (6 Mg·ha-1·year-1) in the 3rd year. Cladode dry weight tended to increase with cladode surface area. However, fruit production did not occur until the dry weight per cladode exceeded the minimum dry weight for a particular cladode surface area by at least 33 g. The year-to-year variation in fruit production apparently reflected variations in such excess dry weight and, hence, in the storage reserves of individual cladodes.
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Aguirre-Forero, Sonia Eperanza, Arturo Rozo-Celemín, and Nelson Virgilio Piraneque-Gambasica. "Net primary productivity in a Tropical Dry Forest of northern Colombia." Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas 41, no. 3 (2024): e3237. https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.20244103.237.
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Tropical dry forests are the world’s second most relevant forest type, home to unique vegetation and highly threatened by human activity. This study aimed to determine changes in plant biomass within a tree-hectare permanent plot of tropical dry forest (TDF) at the Universidad del Magdalena over 12 months. The composition, structure, and plant dynamics were characterized using drone imagery and allometric equations for dry climates. Biomass was calculated for 848 trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (DBH) over 10 cm, and a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series was established. It was possible to identify the change in NDVI with a positive trend in areas with higher soil moisture, higher coverage, vegetation network, and limited access. Likewise, the findings show that areas with lower coverage have greater accessibility and lower diversity. The vegetation cover dynamics within the Universidad del Magdalena’s TDF plot revealed low variability in NDVI over the study period, with values exceeding 0.7 in 58% of observations, reflecting a linear trend with the rainy seasons. Estimating the vegetal cover biomass is feasible using differentiated indices and techniques that reduce costs and time and do not have destructive implications for the vegetation.
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Eyvazov, Aladdin, and Fakhraddin Aghayev. "The correlation between important farm indicators in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) samples." Advanced Studies in Biology 17, no. 1 (2025): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.12988/asb.2025.91968.
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The article indicates the correlation relations between different important farm indicators of the potato and eggplant sort samples of different geographical origin. The leaf surface area, the amount of the chlorophyll in the leaves, the dry biomass and dry substance were determined in the potato and eggplant sort samples. The correlation relations between various important farm indicators of 20 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and 59 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) collection samples cultivated in the Absheron auxiliary experimental farm of the Vegetable Scientific-Research Institute were studied and it was shown that there are exact relations which are the dense according to the Cheddock scale at the p≥0.05% level between these indicators. In potato, the relations between leaf surface area–PP (0.922), leaf surface area–chlorophyll (0.911), leaf surface area–productivity (0.672), chlorophyll–PP (0.872), PP–productivity (0.611), chlorophyll-SSDL (-0.812), PP-SSDL (-0.818), leaf surface area-SSDL (-0.829), and in eggplant, (0.442-0.838) - leaf surface area-PP (0.838), leafsurface area-wet biomass (0.672), leaf surface area-dry biomass (0.612), PP-productivity (0.465), PP-wet biomass (0.455) and leaf surface area-productivity (0.442) can be belonged such relations (0.611-0.922) that can be used successfully in the selection which will be carried out in future according to the productivity, quality and adaptability.
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Pradapa, Ringga Ardha Toni, Ludfia Windyasmara, and Ahimsa Kandi Sariri. "Impact of Variations in Rabbit Urine Fertilizer Dosage on Corn Fodder (Zea mays) productivity." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 24, no. 3 (2024): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7452.
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Corn is a ruminant animal feed with high vegetable protein and carbohydrate values. Because corn growers need a large area of land, one alternative is corn fodder. The application of corn fodder is very simple, harvests quickly and saves land. To support the growth of corn fodder, adequate nutrition is needed. Rabbit urine organic fertilizer contains high levels of N, P and K nutrients to increase plant productivity. This study aims to determine the effect of different doses of rabbit urine on the productivity of corn fodder (Zea mays). The method in this research is the research method used in this research is the Completely Randomized Design Method (CRD) which consists of 4 treatments, namely the concentration of rabbit urine fertilizer. Rabbit urine fertilizer concentrations consisted of 7 ml, 14 ml and 21 ml. Harvested on day 14. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, wet biomass and dry biomass. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the use of rabbit urine fertilizer in corn fodder at the average plant height P0=10.32 P1=11.85 P2=11.44 P3=13.67. The mean number of leaves P0=1.64 P1=1.73 P2=1.69 P3=1.81. The mean for wet biomass P0=57.37 P1=71.14 P2=74.09 P3=86.65. The average dry biomass, namely P0=6 P1=11 P2=11.40 P3=17.40. The conclusion from this research is that corn fodder given rabbit urine fertilizer has a very significant effect (P<0,01) on plant height, number of leaves, wet biomass and dry biomass.
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Mustaqim, Fajar, Ludfia Windyasmara, and Engkus Ainul Yakin. "Impact of Harvest Age on Corn (Zea Mays) Fodder Productivity." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 24, no. 3 (2024): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7499.
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Corn fodder is simply seeding corn kernels that are sown until the age of 8-13 days. The harvest age of corn fodder is one way to regulate plant productivity factors. The regulation of the harvest age will affect regrowth, so it is very important to pay attention so that corn fodder plants can provide optimal production in both quantity and quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in harvest age on the productivity of corn (Zea mays) forage. This study used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely T1 (harvest age 7 days), T2 (harvest age 14 days), T3 (harvest age 21 days) and T4 (harvest age 28 days). The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, wet biomass and dry biomass. The results showed that the average height of corn fodder plants (Zea mays) was T1; 1.11, T2; 4.96, T3; 8.30 and T4; 10. The average number of leaves of corn fodder plants (Zea mays) at T1; 0.34, T2; 1.30, T3; 1.30 and T4; 2.3. The average wet biomass of corn fodder plants (Zea mays) at T1; 197.67, T2; 249.33, T3; 246 and T4; 241.67. The average dry biomass of corn fodder plants (Zea mays) at T1; 35, T2; 47, T3; 45 and T4; 41. The conclusion of this study is that corn fodder with different harvest age variations has a very significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, wet biomass and dry biomass.
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Morin, Antoine, and Nathalie Bourassa. "Modèles empiriques de la production annuelle et du rapport P/B d'invertébrés benthiques d'eau courante." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 3 (1992): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-063.
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Published data on secondary production of running water invertebrates are analyzed by multiple regression to quantify the relationship between productivity (P, in grams dry mass per square metre per year) and biomass (B, in grams dry mass per square metre), mean individual mass (M, in grams dry mass), and annual mean water temperature (T, in degrees Celsius) to compare productivity of major taxonomic groups and to compare to invertebrate populations from other aquatic ecosystems. The equation P = 0.18 B1.01M−0.34 100.037T explains 87% of the variability in log P in the 291 lotic invertebrate populations analyzed. Significant differences were detected among major taxonomic groups, but these differences account for only about 4% of the variability in log P. Once the effect of biomass, mean individual mass and water temperature are taken into account, productivity of lake and stream invertebrate populations is quite similar, although productivity is a linear function of biomass in streams and not in lakes. Comparison of models for running waters, lake and marine ecosystems suggests that marine invertebrates are less productive than freshwater populations.
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Bhardwaj, Harbans L., and Anwar A. Hamama. "A Preliminary Evaluation of Lablab Biomass Productivity in Virginia." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 13 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n13p42.
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A field study was conducted for two years with seventeen lablab [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] lines to characterize its productivity under Virginia&rsquo;s agro-climatic conditions and to determine lablab&rsquo;s potential as a forage crop. One sample per replication (0.3 m row length) was harvested approximately 90 days after planting to record fresh weight. These samples were dried to a constant weight to record dry weights. Dry and fresh yields were not affected by lines and year of production. Overall means of fresh and dry yields varied from 47 to 91 with a mean of 62, and 9 to 15 with a mean of 13 Mg/ha, respectively. Year of production had significant effects on concentrations of P, K, S, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Concentrations of protein, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Al, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Zn in lablab produced in Virginia were 15, 0.28, 2.30, 1.32, 0.27, 0.22, 224, 20, 18, 343, 79, 0.03, and 40, respectively. Quality of lablab forage compared well with literature values of other forage legumes especially alfalfa. Lablab biomass in this study contained 60, 45, and 15 percent ADF, NDF, and lignin, respectively indicating that it may also be a potential feedstock for bio-ethanol manufacture.
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Kurhak, V., U. Karbivska, and A. Hmyr. "Features of productivity formation of different maturity terms perennial cereal grasses between mowings depending on the fertilizing system." Feeds and Feed Production, no. 95 (June 27, 2023): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202395-13.
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Purpose. To establish productivity indicators and terms of mowing perennial grasses of different maturity terms depending on fertilizer, Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The research results of productivity indicators of different maturity terms perennial grasses depending on the fertilization system between the mowings and the peculiarities of the growth of dry biomass during formation of the first mowing on the sod-podzolic soil of the Carpathian region, conducted during 2011-2013, are presented. Conclusions. Productivity of various types of perennial grasses on nitrogen-free backgrounds in the 1st mowing varied between 1.22-1.67 t/ha of dry mass, in the 2nd – 1.06-1.40, and in the 3rd – in in the range of 0.79-1.01 t/ha of dry mass. The most productive in the 1st mowing were Bromus inermis and Phleum pretense L., in the 2nd – Dactylis glomerata, Festuca orientals (Hack.), and Lolium perenne. The most uniform distribution of the dry mass yield in the mowings with the smallest coefficient of variation (6-12%) was characteristic of the Dactylis glomerata, and the least uniform with the largest coefficient (29-35%) – of the Phleum pretense L. Nitrogen had the greatest effect on the productivity of cereal grass stands. With the application of P60K60, productivity increased by 3-23% compared to the variant without fertilizers, and with the application of N90P60K60 – by 1.8-1.9 times. The highest indicators of daily increase in dry mass (75-206 kg/ha), leaf surface area (30.3-43.1 thousand m2/ha) and net productivity of photosynthesis (1.16-4.78 g/m2 per day) in the 1st mowing fell on the period of tuberization-the beginning of the earing of cereal grasses. The growth of productivity of dry biomass, leaf surface area and net productivity of photosynthesis occurs before the flowering phase of grasses.
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Singh, RS. "Changes in Soil Nutrients Following Burning Burning of Dry Tropical Savanna." International Journal of Wildland Fire 4, no. 3 (1994): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9940187.
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The effects of fire in dry tropical savanna ecosystems on plant available nutrients (nitrate-N, ammonium-N and phosphate - P); N - mineralization rate; soil microbial biomass C, N and P; canopy biomass and root biomass were studied during selected months. Parameters studied were the vegetative, reproductive, flowering and fruiting, fruitfall, early senescence and late senescence. The values of nitrate-N, ammonium-N and phosphate - P, N- mineralization and nitrification rate; microbial C, N and P, canopy biomass and root biomass indicated significant difference due to month and treatment, but were not significant due to year. Following fire, the increase in the build up of microbial biomass in the dry season and canopy growth and N-mineralization rate in the wet season are nutrient conserving mechanisms that prevent nutrient loss. Therefore fire can be a management tool for better productivity and nutritive quality in dry tropical environments.
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Ghassemi, Hamid Reza. "Nickel effects on productivity of algal periphyton communities." Water Quality Research Journal 50, no. 4 (2015): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2015.029.
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In order to evaluate the long-term (30-day) influence of nickel on biomass of periphyton communities, indoor artificial streams were used with differing nickel concentration (2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/l). Physical and chemical factors (pH, NO3-N, PO4-P, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, conductivity, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand) were measured along with biological properties of the periphyton. The effects of nickel on periphyton communities were assessed by measuring dry mass, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), chlorophyll-a, and rate of nickel absorption. In artificial streams with nickel, there was a significant (P &lt; 0.05) reduction of chlorophyll-a, AFDM, and dry mass under the influence of nickel. These observations suggest that the periphyton community could serve as an indicator of nickel pollution.
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Maclean, Heather, Zhiyong Sun, Juliana Ramsay, and Bruce Ramsay. "Decaying exponential feeding of nonanoic acid for the production of medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) by Pseudomonas putida KT2440." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, no. 6 (2008): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-062.
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Decaying exponential feeding strategies for the production of medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 have been developed as a method of delaying oxygen limitation that is typically responsible for the termination of high cell density aerobic fermentations. Two feeding strategies were evaluated to control the biomass generation rate and consequently control the oxygen uptake rate of the cells. A linear decaying strategy allowed the production of 90 g L–1 dry biomass containing 65% PHA in 31 h with a cumulative productivity of 1.9 g L–1 h–1, while a quadratic decaying exponential feeding rate followed by a constant feeding rate produced 109 g L–1 of dry biomass containing 63% PHA. The latter methodology improved the cumulative PHA productivity to 2.3 g L–1 h–1, which is the highest MCL-PHA productivity ever reported. Analysis of the relationship between the final biomass concentration and the associated maximum cell generation rate (which is directly related to the maximum oxygen transfer rate) indicated that higher biomass levels could be attained by decreasing the substrate feeding rate at high biomass concentrations.Key words: MCL-PHA, high cell density, decaying exponential feeding, oxygen limitation.
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Rayani, Tera Fit, Annisa Hakim, Yuni Resti, et al. "Perbedaan Kepadatan Benih dan Nutrisi Organik terhadap Produktivitas Green Fodder Jagung." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi dan Agribisnis 8, no. 1 (2024): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51852/jaa.v8i1.715.
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Hydroponic green fodder is a method for producing forage for livestock in a short time (approximately 7–8 days) without soil. It can be an alternative source of high–quality forage to increase the productivity of ruminant livestock. This research aims to compare differences in seed density and the addition of organic nutrients in the form of shallot skins to the productivity of maize green fodder. Fodder planting is done using a hydroponic system with an automatic watering system. The variables measured were fresh and dry biomass production, conversion of green fodder to seeds, plant height, and nutrient content in corn seeds and green fodder. The experimental design used was a 3 x 2 completely randomized factorial design with treatment factors in the form of seed density (1,25; 1,5; and 1,75 kg/m2) and organic nutrition (soaking with tap water and soaking with shallot skin). The results showed that the production of fresh biomass, dry biomass, and plant height were significantly different (P<0,05) influenced by seed density. Total fresh and dry biomass increased with increasing seed density (P<0,05). Plant height increases as seed density decreases (P<0,05). Soaking seeds using shallot skins did not have a significant effect on the productivity of corn green fodder. A seed density of 1,5 kg/m2 produces the best productivity in green fodder corn
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Dvoretsky, V. G., and A. G. Dvoretsky. "Latitudinal variations of zooplankton community structure and productivity in the Barents sea (summer 2013)." Arctic and Antarctic Research 64, no. 3 (2018): 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2018-64-3-294-310.
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The Barents Sea is regarded as one of the world’s most unique regions with its high summer productivity. However, there were a few studies dealing with estimation of daily secondary production in the Barents Sea. The aim of the present study was to conduct an investigation of the pelagic mesozooplankton assemblage in the Barents Sea, to calculate daily production levels of mesozooplankton and to analyze the relationship between the community structure and environmental drivers.Structure of zooplankton communities was investigated within the main water masses of the Barents Sea in the summer 2013 (June–July). Calanus finmarchicus presented as copepodites IV–V dominated in terms of the total zooplankton abundance and biomass in Murmansk Coastal Water and Atlantic Water. Spring phase of zooplankton succession cycle was found in Arctic Water where Copepoda nauplii were the most abundant and Calanus glacialis dominated by zooplankton biomass. Zooplankton of the Barents Sea Water had features of spring and summer phases of zooplankton succession cycle. Spatial variations in the zooplankton distribution were associated with hydrological conditions and phytoplankton density. Maximum of the mean zooplankton biomass was registered in Atlantic Water (30,7 mg dry mass/m3) while the minimum was found in Barents Sea Water (5,4 mg dry mass/m3). Calculated daily production of zooplankton ranged from 0,01 to 1,57 mg dry mass/m3per day. Total zooplankton stock for the study area of 281 000 km2was estimated to be > 740 000 t of dry mass. The obtained values of zooplankton biomass and stock were considerably lower than in previous years, which are probably connected with higher predator pressure — grazing of zooplankton by capelin and other predators as well as with possible climatic influence.
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Telahigue, Dalel Chakri, Laila Ben Yahia, Fateh Aljane, Khaled Belhouchett, and Lamjed Toumi. "Grain yield, biomass productivity and water use efficiency in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under drought stress." Journal of Scientific Agriculture 1 (September 21, 2017): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2017.v1.67.
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Five quinoa cultivars introduced from Egypte DRC (Desert Research Center-Caire) were tested in an experimental station in Tunisia located under arid climatic conditions. In order to test their adaptation to abiotic constraints; water requirements, yield (grain, dry matter) and water use efficiency (WUE) were correlated to three water stress: T100% of field capacity (T1), T60% of field capacity (T2) and T30% of field capacity (T3). Net irrigation water requirement was estimated using CROPWAT 8.0 software. The study aims to develop an irrigation scheduling for quinoa from January to Jun during 2015 season. The ET0 was between 1.08 mm/day and 4.95 mm/day and net irrigation water requirement was 287.2 mm. For grain yield, 1000 grains weight and dry matter production results show significant differences between cultivars and water stress. The seeds productivity of the five cultivars ranges between 2092.6kg/ha and 270kg/ha under full irrigation and it decreases to reach up 74% under T3 of field capacity stress in comparison with control stress. Similar results were shown for dry matter production. On refilling soil to field capacity with irrigation at critical depletion, 70% field efficiency was achieved which correspond to optimal condition, while adapting fixed interval per stage. For WUE, highest value of irrigation and total water use efficiency for both grain and dry matter were recorded to the T2 hydrous stress.
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Stute, James K., and D. Esther Shekinah. "Planting Date and Biculture Affect Sunn Hemp Productivity in the Midwest." Sustainable Agriculture Research 8, no. 2 (2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v8n2p26.
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Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is recommended as a warm season cover crop in the Midwest due to its ability to produce high levels of biomass and fix atmospheric nitrogen. It can also be grown in biculture with other cover crops to enhance overall ecosystem services. Two field experiments were conducted over four growing seasons (2014 &ndash; 2017) in Wisconsin on a forest derived Fox silt loam (Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) under organic certification to determine the effect of planting date on sunn hemp dry matter yield, N and C addition and to determine the effect of species ratio in a biculture with sorghum-sudan [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on the same output variables as well as seed cost and the related per unit cost of production. Planting dates significantly affected all biomass yield variables, which declined linearly from the initial date and appear related to growing degree accumulation. Regression analysis revealed a biomass yield decline of 1.3% per day (8.9% week-1) in relative yield, and 0.90 Mg day-1 (0.61 Mg week-1) in actual yield. In biculture, sunn hemp grown in a planting ratio of 50:50 with sorghum-sudan maximized N addition through nitrogen fixation and added N from dry matter, without a significant difference in the dry matter recorded. Analysis of seed cost data revealed that as the ratio of sunn hemp in the planting mixture decreased, the cost per hectare decreased. The cost of production per unit of DM, N, C and CO2 equivalent at this planting ratio were 7.08 $ Mg-1, 0.57 $ kg-1, 17.51 $ t-1 and 4.78 $ t-1 respectively. In pure culture, early planting dates (June 15th to July 15th) are recommended for sunn hemp, and in biculture, a planting ratio of 50:50 with sorghum-sudan could serve Midwestern producers well by reducing per unit cost of biomass production.
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Khan, Muhammad Jamal, Graham Brodie, Long Cheng, Wenwen Liu, and Ravneet Jhajj. "Impact of Microwave Soil Heating on the Yield and Nutritive Value of Rice Crop." Agriculture 9, no. 7 (2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070134.
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Microwave (MW) soil heating has been shown to deplete the soil weed seedbank and increase crop productivity. However, the impact of MW soil heating on the nutritive value of crops is unknown. In this study, two field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing MW soil treatment with a duration of 60 s and an untreated control, which were assigned in a randomized complete block design with five replicates at two locations, on the yield and nitrogen (N) accumulation pattern of rice crops. At Jerilderie site, soil heating at up to 70–75 °C significantly (p ˂ 0.09) increased the rice biomass yield by 43.03% compared with rice biomass yield in untreated soils, while at Dookie site no significant increase in biomass yield was detected. Dry matter digestibility (DMD), ash, and N% did not change, whereas the N accumulation in dry biomass was significantly (p ˂ 0.09) higher at both sites (8.2% at Dookie and 43.4% at Jerilderie) and N use efficiency (10–40%) increased in response to MW soil treatment. The current study suggests that MW soil treatment can potentially enhance the crop productivity and N accumulation in dry biomass under field conditions. Future research is needed to understand the impact of MW soil heating on the productivity and nutritive value of different fodder crops under field conditions.
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Villaró, Silvia, Ainoa Morillas-España, Gabriel Acién, and Tomás Lafarga. "Optimisation of Operational Conditions during the Production of Arthrospira platensis Using Pilot-Scale Raceway Reactors, Protein Extraction, and Assessment of their Techno-Functional Properties." Foods 11, no. 15 (2022): 2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152341.
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The aim of the present study was to identify the optimum combination of dilution rate and depth of the culture to maximise the Arthrospira platensis BEA005B (Spirulina) productivity using 80 m2 raceway reactors. By varying these two main operational conditions, the areal biomass productivity of the reactors varied by over 55%. The optimum combination, optimised using a surface response methodology, was a depth of 0.10 m and a dilution rate of 0.33 day−1, which led to a biomass productivity of 30.2 g·m−2·day−1 on a dry weight basis when operating the reactors in semi-continuous mode. The composition of the produced biomass was 62.2% proteins, 42.5% carbohydrates, 11.6% ashes, and 8.1% lipids. The isolated proteins contained all the essential amino acids (except for tryptophan, which was not determined); highlighting the content of valine (6.8%), histidine (8.3%), and lysine (7.5%). The functional properties of the proteins were also assessed, demonstrating huge potential for their use in the development of innovative and sustainable foods.
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Sujak, Sujak, Dwi Adi Sunarto, and Subiyakto Subiyakto. "Pengaruh Penambahan Biomassa di Lahan Kering terhadap Diversitas Arthropoda Tanah dan Produktivitas Tebu." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 10, no. 1 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/btsm.v10n1.2018.21-30.
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<p>Program pengembangan tebu saat ini diarahkan ke lahan kering yang memiliki ketersediaan air dan kesuburan tanah terbatas. Kondisi lahan kering dapa menjadi pembatas produktvitas tebu. Penambahan biomassa ke lahan dapat meningkatkan kesuburan dan populasi arthropoda tanah/detrivora. Penelitian penambahan biomassa <em>Crotalaria juncea </em> pada lahan kering dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, Situbondo mulai bulan Januari–Juli 2015. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh penambahan biomassa pada lahan kering terhadap diversitas arthropoda tanah dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi tebu. Perlakuan terdiri atas lahan dengan penambahan biomassa (serasah tebu dan pupuk hijau <em>C</em><em>. juncea</em>) dan lahan yang tanpa penambahan biomassa. Pengamatan kelimpahan arthropoda tanah dan tingkat diversitas dilakukan dengan pemasangan <em>pitfall trap</em>s dan <em>yellow</em><em> pan traps</em><em>.</em><em> </em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Collembola dan Hymenoptera merupakan arthropoda tanah yang dominan. Indeks diversitas arhropoda tanah pada lahan dengan penambahan biomassa lebih tinggi (0,82–0,84) dibandingkan pada lahan tanpa penambahan biomassa (0,75–0,79). Penambahan biomassa pada tahun pertama dapat meningkatkan kandungan C Organik tanah dari 0,76 menjadi 1,06, dan meningkatkan kandungan N dari 0,03 menjadi 0,11, serta meningkatkan produksi tebu dari 70,4 ton/ha menjadi 101,4 ton/ha. Untuk memperbaiki kondisi ekosistem lahan kering diperlukan penambahan biomassa secara terus menerus.</p><p><strong>Effect of Biomass Addition in Dry Land to Diversity of Soil Arthropods and Productivity of Sugarcane</strong></p><p>The current sugarcane development program is directed to dry lands that have limited water availability and soil fertility, thereby limiting the productivity of sugarcane. In order to restore soil fertility and reduce the evaporation of groundwater, addition of biomass in the form of trash (dried leaves) of sugarcane as well as the addition of green manure (<em>Clotalaria juncea</em>) is needed. Biomass addition to the land could increase soil fertility and the population of soil arthropods/detrivores. The experiment was conducted on dry land at Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo from January 2015–July 2015. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of biomass addition to the diversity of soil arthropods and sugarcane productivity. Treatments consisted of land with the addition of biomass (sugarcane/sugarcane and green manure <em>C. juncea</em>) and control. Observation of the abundance of soil arthropods and diversity level was done by setting pitfall traps and yellow pan traps, observation was done monthly. The results showed that the order of Collembola and Hymenoptera were dominant arthropods. The diversity index of ground arhropods on the land with biomass increments was higher (0.82–0.84) than that in the land without biomass addition (0.75–0.79). The addition of biomass in the first year succeeded in increasing the organic C content of soil from 0.62 to 1.06 and increasing the production of sugar cane from 70.4 tons/ha to 101.4 tons/ha. In order to improve the ecosystems condition, it is required the addition of biomass continuously.</p>
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Sierra-Zurita, Donaji, Saúl Santana-Espinoza, Rigoberto Rosales-Serna, Julio César Ríos-Saucedo, and Artemio Carrillo-Parra. "Productivity and Characterization of Biomass Obtained from Pruning of Walnut Orchards in México." Energies 16, no. 5 (2023): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052243.
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Walnut tree (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) is a plant species showing ecological, social, and economic importance in México. The objective was to determine biomass productivity and to characterize the raw material and biomass briquettes obtained from walnut thinning pruning. The variables evaluated were tree total height (TH), fresh biomass (FB) and dry biomass (DB) per hectare (kg ha−1). Briquettes were made by using the biomass obtained in both orchards. Laboratory tests for original biomass included moisture content (MC), ash content (AC), volatile matter (VM) and fixed carbon (FC), as well as high heating value (HHV). Briquette studies also included diameter (D), weight (W), length (L), volume (V), density (Ds), and HHV. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) under a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement. Thinning pruning in walnut orchards provides 12 kg tree−1 (998 kg ha−1) of dry biomass, with acceptable levels of AC ≤ 5%, FC (75 to 76%), VM (18.7 to 19.7%) and HHV (16.2 to 16.7 MJ kg−1). The briquette international quality standards were fulfilled: MC≤ 10%, AC ≤ 5% and HHV > 18 MJ kg−1. The integrated use of walnut residues reduces the management problems registered during nut production and the sustainable options to generate bioenergy will be expanded.
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Neumann, Mikael, André Dochwat, Egon Henrique Horst, et al. "Productivity, profitability and nutritional quality of forage and silage of winter cereals." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 3 (2019): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n3p1275.
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This study aimed to evaluate the production, the physical and nutritional composition of forage and silage, as well as the profitability and aerobic stability of different winter cereals harvested at the stage of floury grain. The experimental design was a 2x7 factorial randomized block design, with two forms of foods (fresh forage and silage) and seven genotypes, with four replications. The genotypes used were the white oat (Avena sativa) cv. URS Taura; barley (Hordeum vulgare) cv. BRS Brau and cv. BRS Cauê; wheat (Tricticum aestivum) cv. CD 1440; rye (Secale cereal) cv. BR 01; and triticale (X Triticosecale) cv. IPR 111 and cv. BRS Saturno. The materials were harvested during the stage of floury grain. In forage evaluation, rye showed the highest (P < 0,05) dry biomass production (7,100 kg ha-1), but with a higher percentage of stem (46.7%) in dry matter, implying higher ADF (44.69%) in relation to other cereals. The forage of the white oats cv. URS Taura and triticale cv. IPR 111 provided the best nutritional quality compared to the other evaluated cereals, but in the resulting silage, only triticale remained with forage-like characteristics. It was clear the superiority of barley cv. BRS Cauê, wheat cv. CD 1440 and rye cv. BR 01 regarding the maintenance of aerobic stability (160 hours), while the other silages lost their stability within 32 hours. Rye cv. BR 01 and triticale IPR 111 presented the highest production of recovered dry biomass (5,402 and 5,352 kg ha-1 respectively), barley cv. BRS Cauê and oat URS Taura provided higher cost of production per kg-1 dry biomass, both with R$ 0.29 and higher cost per kg of recovered dry biomass R$ 0.45 and 0.37 respectively. There are several factors to consider when choosing the winter species for silage production, and future studies can fully elucidate these factors.
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Freitas, Isaac A. da S., Francisco Bezerra Neto, Jailma S. S. de Lima, Jéssica P. P. da Silva, Rayanna C. Ferreira, and Natan M. Guerra. "Productivity and optimized economic efficiency of carrot roots in monocropping under green manuring." Revista Caatinga 36, no. 3 (2023): 572–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n310rc.
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ABSTRACT A great challenge of scientific research with carrot in semi-arid regions is obtaining the best productive characteristics and economic conditions by optimizing the green manure amounts using spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome, such as hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and roostertree (Calotropis procera Ait.). Therefore, this work aimed to agronomically and economically optimize the production of carrot roots in monocropping and of their components when fertilized with equitable biomass amounts of these spontaneous species in two cropping seasons in a semi-arid environment. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of equitable amounts of hairy woodrose and roostertree biomass in amounts of 16, 29, 42, 55, and 68 t ha-1 on a dry basis. In each experiment, an additional carrot treatment without fertilizer (absolute control) was planted for comparison with the other treatments to determine maximum physical and economic efficiency. Carrot fertilization was performed with the incorporation of 48.87 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera dry biomass into the soil to obtain the maximum optimized productive efficiency (commercial productivity). The maximum optimized agroeconomic efficiency (net income) of carrot cultivation was obtained when 49.64 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera dry biomass was added to the soil. The use of biomass from these spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome as green manure is a viable technology for tuberose producers in monocropping in semiarid environments.
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Stolarski, Mariusz Jerzy, Michał Krzyżaniak, Dariusz Załuski, Józef Tworkowski, and Stefan Szczukowski. "Effects of Site, Genotype and Subsequent Harvest Rotation on Willow Productivity." Agriculture 10, no. 9 (2020): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090412.
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Perennial crops harvested in short rotations provide substantial amounts of biomass. This study determined the survival rate, biometric features and yield of fresh and dry biomass of 15 willow genotypes (including seven varieties and eight clones), cultivated at two different sites in two consecutive three-year harvest rotations. The study revealed the very high impact of the genotype (81% of the total variance) on the willow yield. The harvest rotation, along with the genotype, had a significant impact on the plant survival rate and the number of shoots per stool. Willow biomass was mainly affected by the plant height, its survival rate and shoot diameter. The significantly highest fresh (106 Mg ha−1) and dry biomass yield (54.0 Mg ha−1) was obtained from the Żubr variety of S. viminalis, which distinguished this variety from the other genotypes. The mean yield for the best three and five genotypes was 13% and 17% lower, respectively, and the mean yield for the whole experiment was 37% lower compared to the mean yield of the best variety (Żubr). Therefore, the choice of a willow genotype is of key importance for successful willow production.
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Blanken, Ward, M. Janssen, Maria Cuaresma, Zsuzanne Libor, Timor Bhaiji, and René H. Wijffels. "Biofilm Growth of Chlorella Sorokiniana in a Rotating Biological Contactor Based Photobioreactor." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 111, no. 12 (2014): 2436–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14778120.
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Microalgae biofilms could be used as a production platform for microalgae biomass. In this study, a photobioreactor design based on a rotating biologicalcontactor (RBC) was used as a production platform for microalgae biomass cultivated in biofilm. In the photobioreactor, referred to as Algadisk, microalgae grow in biofilm on vertical rotating disks partially submerged in a growthmedium. The objective is to evaluate the potential of the Algadisk photobioreactor with respect to the effects of disk roughness, disk rotation speed and CO2 concentration. These objectives where evaluated in relationship to productivity, photosynthetic efficiency, and long-term cultivation stability in a lab-scale Algadisk system. Although the lab-scale Algadisk system is used, operation parameters evaluated are relevant for scale-up. Chlorella Sorokiniana was used as model microalgae. In the lab-scale Algadisk reactor, productivity of 20.10.7 g perm2 disk surface per day and a biomass yield on light of 0.90.04 g dry weight biomass per mol photons were obtained. Different disk rotation speeds did demonstrate minimal effects on biofilm growth and on the diffusion of substrate into the biofilm.CO2 limitation, however, drastically reduced productivity to 2–4 g per m2 disk surface per day. Productivity could be maintained over a period of 21 weeks without re-inoculation of the Algadisk. Productivity decreased under extreme conditions such as pH 9–10, temperature above 40C, and with low CO2 concentrations. Maximal productivity, however, was promptly recovered when optimal cultivation conditions were reinstated. These results exhibit an apparent opportunity to employ the Algadisk photobioreactor at large scale for microalgae biomass production if diffusion does not limit the CO2 supply.
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Zagoruiko, Mikhail Gennadievich, Marina Evgenievna Belyshkina, and Tamara Petrovna Kobozeva. "Yield and feed value of aboveground soybean biomass of northern ecotype varieties in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 24, 2023): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i11pp62-67.
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The results of field experiments (2019–2021) on the assessment of soybean varieties of the northern ecotype Okskaya, Svetnaya, Mageva on the productivity of aboveground biomass are presented, the prospects of using aboveground biomass for fodder purposes in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region on medium-saline, sod-podzolic medium-loamy slightly humus soils, medium-supplied with phosphorus and potassium with a soil solution reaction close to neutral are substantiated. It was found out that, on average, according to experience, the maximum accumulation of aboveground biomass (raw and dry), protein and feed units is observed in the phase of full filling of seeds. The yield of aboveground biomass at the same time reaches 24.7 t/ha (raw) and 8.39 t/ ha (dry), the protein harvest is 1379 kg / ha, which is equivalent to 4.19 thousand f.u./ ha, while the collection of fodder units with a harvest of dry biomass exceeds the collection of fodder units with a harvest of seeds (3.21 thousand f.u./ha with a seed yield of 2.36 t/ha) by 0.98 thousand f.u., or 1.3 times. On average, over the years of research, the maximum productivity and feed value was demonstrated by the Okskaya variety: the yield of crude aboveground biomass was 26.9 t/ha, of dry – 8.86 t/ha, the collection of raw protein with a yield of 1492 kg / ha, the yield of feed units was 3.10 thousand. The Mageva and Svetly varieties are inferior to the Okskaya variety: for the yield of crude aboveground biomass by 1.10–1.18 times (or by 2.20–4.20 t/ha), dry aboveground biomass by 1.05–1.12 times (or by 0.45–0.96 t/ha), for the collection of fodder units by 1.05–1.13 times (or by 0.23–0.24 thousand f.u./ha).
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Mesiack, Fredrick L., Andrew K. Tarimo, and Nelson R. Makange. "Optimizing Rice Husk Biochar Application Rates and Methods to Enhance Paddy Production in Irrigated Fields." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 24, no. 4 (2025): 89–107. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2025/v24i4682.
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The application of biochar as a soil amendment has recently gained attention due to its potential to improve soil fertility and crop productivity. An experiment was carried out at Mkindo farmer-managed irrigation scheme in Mvomero District, Tanzania. This study evaluated the effect of different application rates of rice husk biochar on growth parameters and water productivity in irrigated paddy fields. Four treatments—T1 (0 tons/ha), T2 (5 tons/ha), T3 (10 tons/ha), and T4 (15 tons/ha), each repeated three times in a complete randomized block design. The measured variables included plant height (PH), number of tillers (NT), number of leaves (NL), number of productive tillers (NPT), root depth, panicle length (PL), total biomass (TB), biomass and paddy yield, along with water productivity. The Data were subjected to the Least Significant Difference test at p<0.05. The findings revealed that paddy treated with T3 (10 tons/ha) considerably increased PH, NT, biomass, and grain production in both wet and dry seasons. In the dry season, T3 produced 9.2 t/ha, while in the wet season produced 9.07 t/ha. The rainy season's water productivity peaked at 0.91 kg/m³, whereas the dry season's was 0.80 kg/m³. Treatment T3 had the greatest economic water productivity, with 272.02 Tsh/m³ (dry) and 306.97 Tsh/m³ (wet). While panicle length peaked in T1, root depth peaked in T4. Nevertheless, T4 showed declining benefits, suggesting that 10 tons/ha was the ideal amount to maximize output and economic efficiency. These findings suggest that a moderate application rate of 10 tons/ha is optimal for improving paddy productivity, water efficiency, and economic returns from rice husk biochar treatment, demonstrating the utility of RHB as a soil supplement in irrigated rice systems.
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Sri Winasti, Ni Made, Dita Aulia Yulyanita, Ahmad Saifun Naser, and Eko Agus Suyono. "Enhacment of biomass, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins content using co-culture of Glagah consortium and Lipomyces starkeyi." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 15, no. 1 (2023): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4018.
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Microorganisms have a high potential as biofuel sources. Co-culture of microalgae and yeasts can result in high lipid production as a modification treatment. The goal of this study was to see how the co-culture of the Glagah consortium (diversity of associated microalgae and bacteria from Glagah Lagoon, Yogyakarta) and Lipomyces starkeyi affected the production of biomass, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The culture was performed under airtight conditions on a shaker at 127 rpm, with a light intensity of 27.75 mol/m2/s and a temperature of 30°C. The culture was subjected to a dark: light (6:18) treatment. Biomass was measured by dry weight, lipids by the Bligh and Dyer method, proteins by the Bradford method and carbohydrates by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. On day 3, L. starkey culture produced the most biomass, yielding 2.21 g/L with a productivity of 0.49 g/L/day. On day 4, the highest lipids produced from co-culture treatment yielded 1.03 g/g with a productivity of 0.21 g/L/day. The highest protein yield was obtained from L. starkeyi culture treatment on day 4, yielding 0.60 g/g with a productivity of 0.12 g/L/day. On day 6, co-culture produced the total carbohydrates, yielding 4.78 g/g with a productivity of 0.68 g/L/day. The co-culture treatment produced the highest lipids and carbohydrates production (1.03 g/g and 4.78 g/g) and productivity (0.21 g/L/day and 0.68 g/L/day), while L. starkeyi culture produced the highest total biomass and protein production (2.21 g/L and 0.6 g/g) and productivity (0.49 g\L\day and 0.12 g/L/day). In microalgae culture, CO2 generally given directly through the aeration process. In this study, the source of CO2 was yeast, whereas yeast also obtained O2 from microalgae in the consortium for their metabolic process. This mutualism symbiosis will help in providing benefits in reducing the costs for the cultivation process, especially in optimizing the production of biomass an lipids.
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Major, John E., Kurt H. Johnsen, Debby C. Barsi, and Moira Campbell. "Total belowground carbon and nitrogen partitioning of mature black spruce displaying genetic × soil moisture interaction in growth." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 11 (2012): 1939–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-145.
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Total belowground biomass, soil C, and N mass were measured in plots of 32-year-old black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) from four full-sib families studied previously for drought tolerance and differential productivity on a dry and a wet site. Stump root biomass was greater on the wet than on the dry site; however, combined fine and coarse root biomass was greater on the dry than on the wet site, resulting in no site root biomass differences. There were no site differences in root distribution by soil depth. Drought-tolerant families had greater stump root biomass and allocated relatively less to combined coarse and fine roots than drought-intolerant families. Fine roots (<2 mm) made up 10.9% and 50.2% of the belowground C and N biomass. Through 50 cm soil depth, mean total belowground C mass was 187.2 Mg·ha–1, of which 8.9%, 3.4%, 0.7%, and 87.0% were from the stump root, combined fine and coarse roots, necromass, and soil, respectively. Here, we show that belowground C sequestration generally mirrors (mostly from stump roots) aboveground growth, and thus, trends in genetic and genetic × environment productivity effects result in similar effects on belowground C sequestration. Thus, tree improvement may well be an important avenue to help stem increases in atmospheric CO2.
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Morgun, V. V., G. A. Priadkina, O. O. Stasik, and O. V. Zborіvskaіa. "Biomass as a factor contributing to winter wheat yield increase." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 24 (August 30, 2019): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v24.1113.
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Aim. The search of factors influencing grain productivity, based on the comparison of the mass of dry matter in the aboveground parts of modern winter wheat varieties at the early stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Morphometric determination of biomass of the above-ground plant parts. Results. The varieties and lines of winter wheat with higher yields exceeded the less productive ones by the number of shoots per 1 m2 of soil on 8–12 % and by the dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts on 23–34 % at the early stages of spring vegetation. According to two-year experiments, it was established a linear positive correlation (r = 0.85–0.86) of the dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts per 1 m2 of soil during the period of stem elongation (BBCH 31-49) with the yield. Conclusions. The close relationship between yield and dry matter weight of the above-ground plant parts at the early stages of spring vegetation makes it possible to rank winter wheat varieties by potential yield. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., grain productivity, biomass, early stages of ontogenesis.
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Molina Grima, E., F. García Camacho, Sánchez Pérez JA, J. Urda Cardona, Acién Fernández FG, and Fernández Sevilla JM. "Outdoor chemostat culture of Phaeodactylum tricornutum UTEX 640 in a tubular photobioreactor for the production of eicosapentaenoic acid." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 20, no. 2 (1994): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1994.tb00318.x.
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A tubular photobioreactor, based on an external loop airlift, has been used for outdoor continuous culture of the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum UTEX 640, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The effect of dilution rate on the biomass productivity and EPA production were examined. A maximum biomass productivity of 2.57 g⋅day−1⋅litre−1 was reached at an optimum cellular density of 7.12 g⋅litre−1. At around 2times1017 quanta⋅s−1⋅cm‐2 photosynthetic activity seemed to become light‐saturated. As the dilution rate increased, the fatty acid profile in biomass dry weight changed and EPA became the major fatty acid. We believe that this outdoor production of EPA from this species is the highest ever obtained (47.8 mg⋅day−1⋅litre‐1). On the basis of these data it would seem advisable to use tubular photobioreactor technology for the production of very valuable microalgal products
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Kandasamy, Lenin C., Marcos A. Neves, Mikihide Demura, and Mitsutoshi Nakajima. "The Effects of Total Dissolved Carbon Dioxide on the Growth Rate, Biochemical Composition, and Biomass Productivity of Nonaxenic Microalgal Polyculture." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042267.
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The biosequestration of CO2 using microalgae has emerged as a promising means of recycling CO2 into biomass via photosynthesis, which could be used to produce biofuels as an attractive approach to CO2 mitigation. We investigated the CO2 fixation capability of the native nonaxenic microalgal culture using a 2 L photobioreactor operated in batch mode. The cultivation was carried out at varying concentrations of total dissolved CO2 (Tco2) in the bulk media ranging from 200 to 1000 mg L−1, and the temperature and light intensities were kept constant. A maximum CO2 fixation rate was observed at 400 mg L−1 of Tco2. Characteristic growth parameters such as biomass productivity, specific growth rate, maximum biomass yield, and biochemical parameters such as carbohydrate, protein, and lipids were determined and discussed. We observed that the effect of CO2 concentration on growth and biochemical composition was quite significant. The maximum biomass productivity was 22.10 ± 0.70 mg L−1 day−1, and the rate of CO2 fixation was 28.85 ± 3.00 mg L−1 day−1 at 400 mg L−1 of Tco2. The maximum carbohydrate (8.17 ± 0.49% dry cell weight) and protein (30.41 ± 0.65%) contents were observed at 400 mg L−1, whereas the lipid content (56.00 ± 0.82% dry cell weight) was the maximum at 800 mg L−1 of Tco2 in the bulk medium.
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Oliveira, Carolina Almada Gomes de, Edevaldo de Castro Monteiro, Wesley dos Santos Souza, et al. "Contribution of Biological Nitrogen Fixation to the Biomass Productivity of Elephant Grass Grown in Low-Fertility Soil for Energy Purposes." Agronomy 15, no. 3 (2025): 605. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030605.
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Elephant grass has high biomass production potential and can benefit from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) as its main external nitrogen source. This study evaluated the effect of BNF on biomass productivity and total nitrogen accumulation in different elephant grass genotypes. This experiment was conducted in a 120 m2 concrete tank filled with soil labeled with 15N to estimate the contribution of BNF. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, and the evaluation was over three years of cultivation, with semiannual cuts. The productivity of fresh and dry mass of the shoot, Nitrogen (N) accumulation, and the contribution of BNF by the 15N natural abundance technique were evaluated. The annual average of BNF was 38%. There was a statistical difference between the treatments, with the genotype P13G13 presenting fresh and dry mass productivity 50% higher than P6G4. The annual average of fresh mass, dry matter, total N, and N derived from BNF in the genotypes was approximately 70, 30, 100 Mg ha−1, and 35 kg ha−1, respectively. The results obtained by the P13G13 genotype allow us to recommend its use for biomass production aimed at bioenergy, favoring sustainability, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and dependence on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.
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Gevorgiz, R. G., and S. N. Zheleznova. "The carbon fixation efficiency in biomass of Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann & J. C. Lewin (Bacillariophyceae) under the conditions of cumulative cultivation." Marine Biological Journal 5, no. 1 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2020.05.1.02.
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The carbon utilization efficiency is an important characteristic of the cultivated object. Diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann & J. C. Lewin is known to use carbon from aquatic environment quite effectively, as it has many unique carbonic anhydrases and carbon transporters. However, the carbon fixation efficiency for many types of diatoms in culture is still unknown. When calculating the carbon fixation efficiency, researchers use different terminology and methods, and it leads to significant difficulties when comparing the carbon fixation efficiency in the biomass of various types of microalgae. The aims of this study are: 1) to update terms and definitions used in literature on the basis of modern concepts of carbon fixation in microalgae biomass, as well as absorption of inorganic carbon by microalgae culture; 2) to evaluate the carbon fixation efficiency in the biomass of C. closterium diatom under conditions of cumulative cultivation. C. closterium was grown at a temperature of +20 °C on a nutrient medium RS. During the cultivation, the culture was bubbled with air (1.1 L of air per 1 L of culture per minute). The air temperature at the outlet of the suspension was of +19 °C; the maximum productivity of the culture was of 1.254 g·L−1·day−1. According to the results of the CHN analysis, the proportion of carbon in C. closterium dry biomass was of 23 %. Under the conditions of cumulative cultivation in C. closterium, the carbon fixation efficiency in biomass was of 90 %. Compared with other algae species, C. closterium is characterized by a rather high CO2 fixation efficiency. For example, in green microalga Chlorella protothecoides and Ch. vulgaris, the CO2 fixation efficiency was of 20 % and 55.3 %, respectively; in cyanobacteria Spirulina sp. – of 38 %; in red microalgae Porphyridium purpureum – of 69 %. It was observed that to ensure an increase of 1 g of C. closterium dry biomass per day at a temperature of +19 °C, a minimum of 0.46 L of CO2, or 1132 L of air, should be consumed. Possibly, it is high carbon fixation efficiency, as well as low carbon fraction in C. closterium biomass, that explains the high production indices of this species. Under equal conditions of cultivation in terms of light and carbon availability, the productivity of C. closterium can exceed the productivity of other types of microalgae by 5–10 times. So, while Spirulina sp. productivity reaches 0.2 g·L−1·day−1, C. closterium productivity is of 1.254 g·L−1·day−1.
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Agbemabiese, Y. K., A.-G. Shaibu, and V. D. Gbedzi. "Validation of Aquacrop for Different Irrigation Regimes of Onion (Allium Cepa) in Bontanga Irrigation Scheme." International Journal of Irrigation and Agricultural Development (IJIRAD) 1, no. 1 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47762/2017.964x.19.
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Crop water productivity models are important tools in evaluating the effect of different irrigation regime on crop yield. AquaCrop model is a crop water productivity model adopted by the Land and Water Division of FAO in the year 2009. It simulates yield response to water for herbaceous crops, and it is particularly suitable in addressing conditions where water is a key limiting factor in crop production such as in northern Ghana. The objective of this study was to calibrate the AquaCrop model for different irrigation regimes for onion (Allium cepa), to determine its effect on crop growth and yield parameters of the crop at the Bontanga irrigation scheme. To achieve these, the Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used on Red Creole onion variety. RCBD was made up of four irrigation treatment regimes, 117%, 100%, 80% and 60% crop water requirements (CWR) of onion, with five replicates. Results indicated that there was no significant variation in yield, dry bulb biomass and total biomass, but there was difference for dry leaf biomass of onion at 0.05 significance level. The AquaCrop model simulated satisfactorily the crop yield, biomass and evapotranspiration water productivity of onion. There was a strong correlation and a significant linear relation between the simulated and measured crop yield, biomass and evapotranspiration water productivity. Validation of AquaCrop model using Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E), Root mean square errors (RMSE) and index of agreement (d) showed that, AquaCrop model can be used to simulate CWR of bulb crops, such as onion.
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I Saharuddin, A., N. Z M N Rashid, N. S Mohd Noor, et al. "High-Throughput Optimization of Effective Microbes Nutrient Formulation via Automated Media Optimization System (AMOS)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27461.
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Fortification of effective microbes (EM) such as Pediococcus acidilactici and photosynthetic bacteria in fertilizer and animal feed exhibiting effective outcomes in enhancing crops and livestock production as well as upholds sustainable agriculture concept. However, the productivity of the EM biomass stocks is unsurpassed to the demand due to non-optimized media. In this study, two sets of nutrient pair comprising of beef extract-manganese and yeast extract-glucose for P. acidilactici and photosynthetic bacteria respectively were studied. The optimum media formulated was based on the highest growth rate in 96-microwell plate system were subsequently tested in 1 L cultures volume for EM biomass production. Results showed that growth rate and dry weight of P. acidilactici in media supplemented with 64 g/L beef extract (0.145 h-1, 0.243 g) and 0.28 g/L manganese (0.1134 h-1, 0.32 g) were higher compared to control medium with an increment of 17.39 % and 54.59 % biomass productivity as compared to MRS medium respectively. Meanwhile, the growth rate and dry weight for Photosynthetic bacteria in media supplemented with 6.63 g/L glucose (0.2538 h-1, 0.167 g) and 0.44 g/L yeast extract (0.2733 h-1, 0.163 g) recorded 11.3 % and 8.73 % biomass productivity increment in comparison to the HCH medium.
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Khairunnisa, Khairunnisa, Arie Zuhilma Dewi, Pitri Ramadhani, and Harum Farahisah. "Seagrass communities on the North Coast of Aceh." BIO Web of Conferences 156 (2025): 02006. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202515602006.
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Seagrass density and biomass are key indicators of the health and productivity of seagrass ecosystems. This study aims to address the seagrass communities on the North Coast of Aceh. Seagrass data collection was conducted using the Seagrass Net parallel transect plot method. The data analyzed include density, biomass, and carbon estimates. Three species of seagrass have been identified in the northern waters of Aceh, include Halodule pinifolia Halophila ovalis, and Halophila minor. Seagrass density ranged between 301 - 440 ind/m2. the dry biomass measurements across various seagrass species and research stations indicate that the belowground biomassa generally exceeds the above ground biomass. The carbon stock at the research site ranged from 58.85 to 69.82 g C/m². By focusing on species diversity, density, biomass, and estimation of carbon storage capacity, this research will provide valuable insights into the ecological and carbon storage functions of seagrass ecosystems in this region, contributing to their conservation and sustainable management.
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Khan, Muhammad Jamal, Graham Ian Brodie, Dorin Gupta, and Jizheng He. "Microwave Soil Treatment Increases Soil Nitrogen Supply for Sustained Wheat Productivity." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 2 (2019): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13087.
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Abstract. Herbicide-resistant weeds have prompted the development and adoption of new non-chemical weed management technologies for sustainable food production. Considering this, pre-sowing microwave (MW) soil treatment has potential to reduce weed pressure in no-till farming systems. However, the effects of this transient heat disturbance on the soil nutrient profile and on the uptake and accumulation of nutrients in plant biomass warrant further study. In this study, we examined the effect of MW soil treatment on the recovery and accumulation of nitrogen (N) in wheat dry biomass using a 15N pool dilution technique over two years. Further, temporal changes in wheat yields were assessed by running sequential residual trials. The pre-sowing MW treatment achieved a temperature of 75°C to 85°C. MW soil heating increased the dry biomass and grain yields of the wheat crop over two years of study regardless of the initial N application. Furthermore, MW soil treatment did not significantly increase the N derived from fertilizer (Ndff, %). The maximum Ndff achieved for the untreated control soils at the higher N dose was 13%, while it was only 8% for the MW-treated soil. Despite this, the total N accumulation in the dry biomass increased by 17% because of MW soil heating, compared to the untreated control soils, revealing the uptake of N from indigenous sources. Consequently, the grain yield supported by indigenous soil N was significantly higher with MW soil treatment at 160, 440, and 740 days after heating. In summary, MW soil treatment appeared to be effective for sustaining the soil fertility over the long term, regardless of initial labeled N application. Keywords: Long-lasting effect, Microwave energy, Nitrogen accumulation, Soil temperature, Wheat yields.
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Rodina, Т. V., V. I. Zhuzhukin, and А. N. Astashov. "Productivity and nutritional value of aboveground biomass of annual crops in companion sowings." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 3 (July 8, 2021): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2021-75-3-57-61.
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In order to develop stable feed agrophytocenoses, the most promising and low-cost direction in feed production is the cultivation of companion sowings. In order to study the productivity of complex cenoses of annual feed crops together with soybean there were field trials laid on the experimental plots of the FSBSI Russian Research and Project-technological Institute of sorghum and maize “Rossorgo” in 2015–2017. The purpose of the current study was to substantiate scientifically and practically the development of highly productive agrophytocenoses of annual feed crops in companion sowings with soybean. The analysis of green and dry biomass productivity values showed that in singlemillet species crops, the productivity was higher than in companion sowings with soybean, this is explained by the lower productivity of the legume component. The highest mean productivity of aboveground biomass for three years of study (18.84 t/ha) was given by Japanese millet in its pure form. Siberian and Italian millet formed mean productivity of 16.13 and 15.60 t/ha, respectively. The current paper has presented data on productivity and has studied feed advantages of single-species and two-species sowings. The introduction of soybean in the composition of companion sowings has increased the protein percentage on 26.75–30.78% in dry biomass of feed mixtures in comparison with single-species crops. Aboveground biomass of complex agrocenoses contained more oil, ash and less fiber. According to the variants of the trial, the oil content varied from 2.15 to 5.40%, with the maximum amount identified in soybean in its pure form (5.40%), and the minimum value of this trait was obtained in Japanese millet in its pure form (2.15%). It is worth noting that it is advisable to cultivate annual crops for feed purposes together with soybean, since the feed value of the cutting mass significantly improves.
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Xu, Steven Jingliang, Kam-Chau Wu, Sophie Cheuk-Yan Chan, Yiu-Hung Yau, Kin-Ka Chan, and Fred Wang-Fat Lee. "Investigation of Growth, Lipid Productivity, and Fatty Acid Profiles in Marine Bloom-Forming Dinoflagellates as Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 6 (2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060381.
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Microalgae-based biodiesel is increasingly recognized as an alternative to crop-based biodiesel. In this study, 10 local strains of dinoflagellates collected from Hong Kong waters, including a monoculture and field sample of Scrippsiella sp. isolated from an algal bloom, were evaluated against the performance of green alga Tetraselmis suecica. The specific growth rate, biomass production, lipid productivity, and fatty acid profile were investigated. The total lipid content of isolated strains ranged from 16.2% to 32.2% of the total dry biomass, whereas palmitic acid (C16:0) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3) were dominant in the fatty acid profile. Scrippsiella sp. has a high lipid productivity (47.3 mg/L/day) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) content (55.2–73 mg/g dry weight (dw)), which were comparable to that in green alga T. suecica. Further, monoculture and field sampled blooming Scrippsiella sp. showed no significant difference in most parameters, suggesting the possibility of harvesting a natural algal bloom population as a mitigation strategy to harmful algal bloom and to use as biodiesel feedstock. Overall, dinoflagellate species showed a slower growth rate (0.04–0.57 day−1) than most compared species (0.07–1.34 day−1), likely due to a large genome size and low chlorophyll to carbon ratio. Notably, most investigated dinoflagellates were not ideal for mass biodiesel production due to the low growth rate and lipid productivity. However, a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in dinoflagellates are prospective for further studies in other biotechnological applications. Though effectively harvesting algal blooming biomass can be complex, it can be further explored as a strategy for algal bloom mitigation and potentially creating values at the advantage of natural bloom when applying harvested biomass for biodiesel and bioactive compounds extraction.
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Khatiwada, Janak Raj, Haipeng Guo, Sarita Shrestha, et al. "Cultivation of Microalgae in Unsterile Malting Effluent for Biomass Production and Lipid Productivity Improvement." Fermentation 8, no. 4 (2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8040186.
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Microalgae have the potential to grow in nutrient-rich environments and have the ability to accumulate nutrients from wastewater. The nutrients in malting wastewater are ideal for microalgae cultivation. However, there is limited published work on the growth characteristics of freshwater microalgae grown in malting effluent. This study examined the potential of diluted malting effluent for the growth of freshwater green algae Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. isolated from northern Ontario and subsequent biomass and lipid production. Under the 18:6 h light/dark cultivation cycle, the highest cell number counted (540 × 104 cell·mL−1 on day 20) and total chlorophyll content were found in 50% diluted malting effluents for Chlorella sp., whereas the 70% dilution concentration was the most productive for Chlamydomonas (386 × 104 cell·mL−1 on day 16). The total lipid content was higher in the 50% dilution concentration of malting effluent in both Chlorella sp. (maximum 20.5%–minimum 11.5% of dry weight) and Chlamydomonas sp. (max 39.3%–min 25.9% of dry weight). These results emphasize the suitability of using unsterile diluted malting effluent for microalgae cultivation.
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Nicolau, Julia Teodoro de Souza, João Henrique Alves Souza, Pedro Augusto Arroyo, Elias Trevisan, Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos, and Leonir Bueno Ribeiro. "Biomass productivity of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in fish and dairy cattle wastewaters." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 3 (2021): 1369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1369.
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The biomass productivity and nutrient composition of microalgae, such as Chlorella vulgaris, depend on the cultivation process and the nutrient content of growth media. Thus, in this study aimed to investigate the biomass productivity of C. vulgaris cultivated in fish and dairy cattle wastewaters. Thirty wastewater samples (2.5 L) were collected from system of production. Microalgae were cultivated in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 10 mL of microalgae and 1,790 mL of wastewater under constant light of 5,000 lux for 16 days at 25 ± 2.0 °C. Wastewater samples differed in composition. Biomass productivity was 47 % higher (P<0.0001) in dairy cattle than in fish wastewater, reaching 67.61 g m?3 day?1 (dry matter basis, DM) when compared by Student’s t-test (P<0.05). Cultivation media also had an effect on biomass chemical composition. The C. vulgaris grown in dairy cattle wastewater was higher in crude protein and ash contents (359.6 g kg?1 DM and 230.4 g kg?1 DM, respectively), whereas microalgae grown in fish wastewater had higher nitrogen-free extract content (347.8 g kg?1 DM). Crude fat content did not vary greatly (mean of 313.15 g kg?1 DM). The pH (8.0 – 8.7) and ammonia concentration (0.07 to 0.4 mg L?1) in fish wastewater was stable throughout the 16-day experimental period. In dairy wastewater, pH increased up (6.3 to 8.9) to the fourth day and remained constant thereafter, and ammonia concentration increased up (24.3 to 28.7 mg L?1) to the eighth day and then it declined (2.1 mg L?1). The C. vulgaris was successfully grown in both wastewaters, but productivity was higher in dairy cattle wastewater.
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Inah, E., and P. S. Apantaku. "BIOMASS, PRODUCTIVITY AND UTILIZATION OF RANGE PLANTS OUTSIDE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AREAS IN BAUCHI STATE NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 26 (March 11, 2021): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v26i1.3030.
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The biomass, productivity and utilization of the herb stratum was assessed in range-lands outside wildlife conservation areas in Alkaleri, Gombe’. Toro and Misau Local Government Areas of Bauchi State with Yankari National Park (YNP) as control. These parameters were investigated during dry and wet seasons between April 1988 and November 1990. The analysis of variance technique was employed in analyzing of design, while the randomized block design was used in the analysis of the data. In all the sites the biomass was higher in wet than dry season with values ranging from 250 – 831g/m2 and 105 – 706g/m2 respectively. The effect of sites was significant on productivity at 0.05 level of significance. The significance of the data on wild fauna production and on the wildlife resources conservation is discussed.