Journal articles: 'Dry stack'

1

Barelli, L., G. Bidini, G. Cinti, F. Gallorini, and M. Pöniz. "SOFC stack coupled with dry reforming." Applied Energy 192 (April 2017): 498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.167.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Sturm, Thomas, Luís F. Ramos, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Characterization of dry-stack interlocking compressed earth blocks." Materials and Structures 48, no. 9 (July 18, 2014): 3059–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0379-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Khan, Irfan, Akhtar Gul, Khan Shahzada, Nisar Ali Khan, Faisal Ur Rehman, Qazi Samiullah, and Muhammad Arsalan Khattak. "Computational Seismic Analysis of Dry-Stack Block Masonry Wall." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 488–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091668.

Full text

Abstract:

In this research the computational modeling of Dry-Stack Block Masonry (DSM) walls subjected to cyclic monotonic loading testing is done. The analytical results were compared with experimental test results of the unreinforced and unconfined DSM cantilever walls subjected to lateral loading along with a constant axial load. ABAQUS has been used for Finite Element Modeling and analysis of the wall. Various material properties are defined for the wall in the software and modeled as a homogeneous material. The proposed numerical models had a good correlation with the experimental data. The test results discussion includes failure moods, load displacement curves, and stress/strain profile. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091668 Full Text: PDF

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Fujiwara, Junsuke, Ryuichi Nagaura, and Tetsuya Tashiro. "Drilling of CFRP/Ti6Al4V Stack Board." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 4 (July 5, 2013): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0426.

Full text

Abstract:

Drilling experiments with a CFRP/Ti6Al4V stack board were carried out using a TiAlN-coated cemented carbide drill, TiAlCr/TiSi-coated cemented carbide drill, and TiSiN-coated cemented carbide drill. Cutting experiments were carried out under a dry cutting process and water-mist-cooling process. Themain results obtained were as follows. The tool life of the TiAlCr/TiSi-coated cemented carbide drill was the longest among the three coated cemented carbide drills. The tool life under the water-mist-cooling process was longer than that under the dry process. Because the titanium alloy chips were much harder under the water-mist-cooling process, the cutting torque under this process became larger with an increase in tool flank wear compared to that under the dry process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Lin, Kun, Yuri Z. Totoev, and Hong Jun Liu. "In-Plane Cyclic Test on Framed Dry-Stack Masonry Panel." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3899.

Full text

Abstract:

A new masonry system has been developed to improve the seismic behaviour of RC frame with masonry panels. In this system dry-stack masonry panels are built with masonry units capable of sliding in-plane of a panel. These masonry panels have reduced in-plane stiffness but increased frictional energy dissipation capacity compared with the traditional masonry panels. Under seismic or wind loads these panels do not detrimentally interfere with natural RC frame response but rather positively contribute to it mainly by increasing dumping. A cyclic test has been performed to evaluate the behaviour of this masonry system. Test results demonstrate that the new system can improve the seismic behaviour of RC frame structures with masonry panels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Simon Araya, Samuel, Sobi Thomas, Andrej Lotrič, Simon Lennart Sahlin, Vincenzo Liso, and Søren Juhl Andreasen. "Effects of Impurities on Pre-Doped and Post-Doped Membranes for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Stacks." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14112994.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we experimentally investigated two high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) stacks for their response to the presence of reformate impurities in an anode gas stream. The investigation was aimed at characterizing the effects of reformate impurities at the stack level, including in humidified conditions and identifying fault features for diagnosis purposes. Two HT-PEMFC stacks of 37 cells each with active areas of 165 cm2 were used with one stack containing a pre-doped membrane with a woven gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the other containing a post-doped membrane with non-woven GDL. Polarization curves and galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used for characterization. We found that both N2 dilution and impurities in the anode feed affected mainly the charge transfer losses, especially on the anode side. We also found that humidification alleviated the poisoning effects of the impurities in the stack with pre-doped membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) and woven GDL but had detrimental effects on the stack with post-doped MEAs and non-woven GDL. We demonstrated that pure and dry hydrogen operation at the end of the tests resulted in significant recovery of the performance losses due to impurities for both stacks even after the humidified reformate operation. This implies that there was only limited acid loss during the test period of around 150 h for each stack.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Lin, Kun, Yuri Totoev, Hongjun Liu, and Chunli Wei. "Experimental Characteristics of Dry Stack Masonry under Compression and Shear Loading." Materials 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2015): 8731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma8125489.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

He, Xi Xi, and Ye Lin. "Research on Compressive Strength of Grouted Dry-Stack Concrete Block Masonry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.202.

Full text

Abstract:

Compressive strengths of full-grouted dry-stack concrete block masonry were tested. Contribution of block and grouted concrete in carrying capacity of the masonry were analyzed through compressive strength data of 18 specimens. Related masonry capacity formulas were recommended accordingly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa, Seung-Chul Song, Joel Barnett, Chang Yong Kang, Gabe Gebara, Barry Sassman, and Naim Moumen. "Plasma-Induced Damage in High-$k$/Metal Gate Stack Dry Etch." IEEE Electron Device Letters 27, no. 12 (December 2006): 972–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2006.886327.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Jacobs, JL, RJ Morris, and J. Zorrilla-Rios. "Effect of ensiling whole barley grain with pasture on silage quality and effluent production, and the performance of growing cattle." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 6 (1995): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950731.

Full text

Abstract:

Pasture was ensiled with increasing amounts of whole barley in stacks [0, 75 (SLB), 150 (SMB) kg/t fresh pasture] or in 200-L drum silos 10, 75 (DLB), 150 (DMB), 225 (DHB) kg/t fresh pasture]. All silages were well fermented with low pH values and low ammonia concentrations. The addition of barley significantly (P<0.05) increased the dry matter content of the resultant stack silages by 29% (SLB) and 54% (SMB) and significantly (P<0.05) increased residual water-soluble carbohydrate levels in the SMB silage compared with untreated stack silage. Incorporation of barley with pasture in 200-L silos significantly (P<0.001) increased the dry matter of the resultant silages and significantly (P<0.01) reduced effluent production by 55, 93, and 100% for DLB, DMB, and DHB compared with the untreated silo silage. Dry matter, nitrogen, and lactic acid concentrations in effluent did not differ significantly, although total losses of these components were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the untreated silage.| The stack silages were fed to beef steers (293 kg) and compared with silage diets containing equivalent levels of rolled barley mixed with untreated silage at feeding. Irrespective of method of feeding barley, animal performance improved compared with feeding a silage-only diet. At equivalent levels of barley inclusion, liveweight gains were higher and feed conversion ratios lower with the rolled barley diets. The results indicate that the addition of barley to low dry matter pasture during ensiling can reduce effluent production and the loss of soluble nutrients; however, it is likely that the grain will need to be processed to maximise subsequent animal production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Lee, Min Seon, Hoon Jung Oh, Joo Hee Lee, In Geun Lee, Woo Gon Shin, Sung Yong Kang, and Dae Hong Ko. "Removal of Interfacial Layer in HfO₂ Gate Stack by Post-Gate Cleaning Using NF₃/NH₃ Dry Cleaning Technique." Solid State Phenomena 219 (September 2014): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.219.11.

Full text

Abstract:

HfO2 gate stack has been one of the most popular subjects of research in recent years due to its outstanding material properties, such as high-k (20~25), wide band gap (~5.68eV), and the compatibility with Si-based semiconductor process technology. However, the interfacial layer (IL) with a reduced k-value between HfO2 dielectric and Si channel is still a critical issue for future ultra large scale integration (ULSI) technology application of the HfO2 gate stack. Various ways have been studied to improve the IL properties of HfO2 gate stack and to achieve ~1nm-thick equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of the gate stack. Recently, fluorine incorporations into the HfO2 gate stack have been suggested for improvement of the electrical properties of the gate stack by defect passivation.1,2 However, it was reported that the SiOx IL grows during the fluorine treatment of HfO2 film, which finally led to degradation of electrical characteristics.2 In this paper, we present interesting findings on the IL removal effect of fluorine incorporation into the HfO2 gate stack where a post-gate dry cleaning technique is used with the NF3/NH3 plasma.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Lin, Kun, Hongjun Liu, Chunli Wei, and Qin Huang. "Effects of shear rate on cyclic behavior of dry stack masonry joint." Construction and Building Materials 157 (December 2017): 809–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.062.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Li, Yongliang, and Qiuxia Xu. "The fabrication and dry etching of poly-Si/TaN/Mo gate stack in the metal inserted poly-Si stack structure." Microelectronic Engineering 88, no. 6 (June 2011): 976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2010.12.071.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Savoie, P., P. M. Flipot, D. Tremblay, R. Thériault, G. F. Tremblay, and J. M. Wauthy. "Effect of length of cut on quality of stack silage and milk production." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-032.

Full text

Abstract:

Wilted grass at moisture contents ranging between 62 and 76% was chopped at 6.3, 12.7, 25.4 and 38.1 mm theoretical length of cut (TLC) and conserved in large stack silos during 2 consecutive years (1986, 1987). Average real lengths of cut were 11, 21, 37 and 47 mm for the four TLC, respectively. Dry matter losses in the silos containing forage cut at 12.7 and 25.4 mm TLC (15.6 and 16.2%, respectively) were higher (P = 0.016) than losses in the silos containing forage cut at 6.3 and 38.1 mm TLC (12.1 and 12.9%, respectively). Within the range of TLC used, there was no evidence of improved silage quality to favor shorter chop length in stack silos. In both years, silage of each TLC was mixed with high-moisture barley and protein supplement and fed to a group of 16 dairy cows. There was no consistent effect of TLC on dry matter intake. The shortest length produced slightly more milk which was offset by a slightly lower percentage of milk fat. A TLC of 6.3–38.1 mm is adequate for silage fed to dairy cows producing between 20 and 28 kg of milk per day. Key words: Particle length, stack silos, silage, grass, dairy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Barelli, Linda, Gianni Bidini, and Giovanni Cinti. "Steam vs. Dry Reformer: Experimental Study on a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Short Stack." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120599.

Full text

Abstract:

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) systems operating with methane usually are equipped with an external reformer to produce syngas. The conventional applied technology is steam methane reforming. Recent studies, instead, are presenting dry reforming as potential alternative. Advantages come from the substitution of steam with CO2 to be handled in the system, representing a potential strategy of CO2 reuse. This study compares, the performance of a SOFC short stack operating with dry reforming and with steam reforming mixtures respectively. Results show that higher performances can be obtained under same operating conditions, due to the high concentration of syngas (that has low content of inert species) produced via dry reforming. The analysis of different dry reforming concentrations shows that the amount of methane seems to be more relevant, in terms of voltage performances, than high hydrogen concentration. Among tested dry reforming compositions, the most performing exhibits an improvement of at least 5% in produced voltage in the range 150–375 mA cm−2 with respect to mixture produced by steam reforming (S/C ratio of 2.5). It was also proved that this performance enhancement does not imply greater thermal stresses, since stack temperature slightly reduces and lower temperature variations arise at anode and cathode when operating current varies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Silva, Rui A., Edgar Soares, Daniel V. Oliveira, Tiago Miranda, Nuno M. Cristelo, and Dinis Leitão. "Mechanical characterisation of dry-stack masonry made of CEBs stabilised with alkaline activation." Construction and Building Materials 75 (January 2015): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.038.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Prakash A, Krishna, Jane Helena H, and Paul Oluwaseun Awoyera. "Optimization of Mix Proportions for Novel Dry Stack Interlocking Concrete Blocks Using ANN." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9952781.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper proposes novel concrete interlocking blocks made of fly ash and GGBS which are an alternative for the conventional concrete blocks. The artificial neural network (ANN) technique is used to estimate the mechanical strength of interlocking blocks and is verified with experimental investigation. The ANN model is based on the Levenberg–Marquardt principle which is executed using MATLAB. The inputs are given in the percentage ratio of cement: fly ash: crushed stone aggregate (FA): coarse aggregate (CA) for the process of learning, testing, and validation. The selected model is subjected to several trials in terms of mean square error, containing 4 input, 2 sets of 10 hidden layers, and one output components. In this study, a total of 2600 blocks of different mixes were tested as per IS 2185-1 (2005) to assess 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days’ strength. The experimental investigations were carried out in two phases. In the first phase, experimental investigations to identify the optimum mix proportions of cement, aggregate, fly ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag to achieve desired compressive strength was carried out. In the second phase, the identified mix proportions were analysed using ANN to predict the compressive strength of interlocking blocks. The results indicate that the proposed ANN model developed to determine the mechanical strength and cost of interlocking blocks has excellent prediction ability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rude, B. J., D. L. Rankins, and W. A. Dozier. "Nitrogen and energy metabolism and serum constituents in lambs given broiler poultry litter processed by three deep-stacking methods." Animal Science 58, no. 1 (February 1994): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100007121.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPoultry litter has been used as an economical nitrogen (N) source in ruminant diets. However, litter must be processed to eliminate pathogens. Broiler poultry litter was processed by three different deep-stack methods: (1) uncovered, (2) covered with 0.1524 mm clear polyethylene, and (3) aerated by placing perforated pipe 1 m apart within the stack. Stack temperature was measured for 28 days. The litter was used to formulate experimental diets (186 g litter per kg), while the control diet contained urea as the N source. All diets contained 100 g/kg cottonseed hulls, 16 to 17 g/kg limestone, varying amounts of cracked maize and added retinol. The control diet contained 131 g/kg crude protein (CP) while the litter diets contained 125 g/kg CP. The diets were offered to 16 crossbred wether lambs (37 (s.e. 6·1) kg) in individual metabolism crates for 16 days. Blood was collected at the initiation and termination of the trial. Covering litter with plastic decreased temperature ivithin the stack (P < 0·05). Maximum temperature for the uncovered, covered and aerated stacks was: 68°C, 57°C and 72°C, respectively. Dry-matter intake and dry matter, energy and neutral-detergent fibre apparent digestibilities were not different (P > 0·05) among the diets. Apparent digestibility for N was less (P < 0·05) in lambs given uncovered and aerated litter than in those given the control diet. However, N apparent digestibility in lambs given covered litter was not different from that of those given the control diet. Gross energy and N retention of the four diets were not different (P > 0·05). Covering deep-stacked broiler poultry litter improved N digestibility by proportionately 0·15 compared with uncovered litter. Serum chloride was decreased while serum urea was increased (P < 0·05) in sheep consuming the litter-containing diets. Deep-stacked broiler litter should be covered in an air-tight manner in order to maximize its nutritive value.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Lin, Kun, Yuri Totoev, Hongjun Liu, and Tianyou Guo. "In-Plane Behaviour of a Reinforcement Concrete Frame with a Dry Stack Masonry Panel." Materials 9, no. 2 (February 11, 2016): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9020108.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Schafer, W. M. "Probabilistic Modeling of Long-Term Mass Loads from a Covered Dry-Stack Tailings Facility." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2006, no. 2 (2006): 1889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr06020889.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Goodarzi, M. "A proposed stack configuration for dry cooling tower to improve cooling efficiency under crosswind." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 98, no. 12 (December 2010): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2010.08.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Shin, Myoung Hun, Sung-Woong Na, Nae-Eung Lee, Tae Kwan Oh, Jiyoung Kim, Taeho Lee, and Jinho Ahn. "Dry Etching of TaN/HfO2Gate Stack Structure by Cl2/SF6/Ar Inductively Coupled Plasma." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, no. 7B (July 26, 2005): 5811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.5811.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Zahra, Tatheer, and Manicka Dhanasekar. "Characterisation and strategies for mitigation of the contact surface unevenness in dry-stack masonry." Construction and Building Materials 169 (April 2018): 612–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Chen, Lei, Lijun Yang, Xiaoze Du, and Yongping Yang. "Flue gas diffusion for integrated dry-cooling tower and stack system in power plants." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 114 (April 2017): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.01.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Sokairge, Hesham, Ahmed Rashad, and Hany Elshafie. "Behavior of post-tensioned dry-stack interlocking masonry walls under out of plane loading." Construction and Building Materials 133 (February 2017): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.071.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Zhu, Zhaoju, Kai Guo, Jie Sun, Jianfeng Li, Yang Liu, Yihao Zheng, and Lei Chen. "Evaluation of novel tool geometries in dry drilling aluminium 2024-T351/titanium Ti6Al4V stack." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 259 (September 2018): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.04.044.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Alonso Pinillos, Unai, Severo Raúl Fernández Vidal, Madalina Calamaz, and Franck Andrés Girot Mata. "Wear Mechanisms and Wear Model of Carbide Tools during Dry Drilling of CFRP/TiAl6V4 Stacks." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182843.

Full text

Abstract:

The present contribution on tool wear during the drilling of carbon fiber composite materials (CFRP)/Ti stacks intends to determine (i) if the adhesion of titanium to carbide is mechanical or chemical, (ii) the possible diffusion path, (iii) if the titanium is the only element involved in the adhesion and (iv) the role of the CFRP in this wear. The overall tool wear is not the sum of the wear in each material and there is a multiplicative effect between them. It has been pointed out that the maximum temperature reached during drilling is higher than 180 °C, 400 °C and 750 °C respectively in the CFRP and Ti plates alone and in the Ti part of the stack. As tungsten carbide CW is not in equilibrium with titanium above 250 °C, the diffusion path is CW/(Ti,W)C/Ti as confirmed by Auger analysis. For temperatures above 500 °C, (Ti,W)C becomes very sensitive to oxidation allowing a friable oxycarbide (Ti,C,O) to form, which explains the erosion of the tool. The CW is therefore the weakest link in the drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks. Improving the performance of the tool involves the use of a coating, the development of a tool material having low chemical affinity with Ti and/or the use of cryogenic lubricant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

MCCABE, F. DONALD, DAVID SAVOY, CHRIS HALCROW, and HONGHI TRAN. "Optimizing operation to increase recovery boiler throughput." September 2010 9, no. 9 (October 1, 2010): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.9.39.

Full text

Abstract:

The recovery boiler at the Irving Pulp and Paper Saint John, NB, mill has been through several major retrofits to increase its original firing capacity of 1100 metric tons/day of black liquor dry solids to the present level of 1680 metric tons/day. Many problems have been encountered over the years, including tube corrosion and cracking, as well as plugging of flue gas passages, but they all have been overcome through operational changes and process optimization. The latest challenge is to increase throughput without experiencing high total reduced sulfur (TRS) levels that would impact the environment and jeopardize compliance. An optimization program has been in place at the mill since December 2008 to further increase boiler production while maintaining environmental performance. The program, which automates liquor addition at full capacity according to targeted stack gas O2 and TRS levels, enables the boiler to operate at lower stack gas O2 targets and to achieve a 2%-3% increase in liquor throughput, while keeping TRS emissions under compliance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Dobronosova, Alina A., Anton I. Ignatov, Olga S. Sorokina, Nikolay A. Orlikovskiy, Michail Andronik, Aleksey R. Matanin, Kirill O. Buzaverov, et al. "Low-Damage Reactive Ion Etching of Nanoplasmonic Waveguides with Ultrathin Noble Metal Films." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 19, 2019): 4441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204441.

Full text

Abstract:

Nanoplasmonic waveguides utilizing surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagation have been investigated for more than 15 years and are now well understood. Many researchers make their efforts to find the best ways of using light and overcoming the speed limit of integrated circuits by means of SPPs. Here, we introduce the simulation results and fabrication technology of dielectric-metal-dielectric long-range nanoplasmonic waveguides, which consists of a multilayer stack based on ultrathin noble metals in between alumina thin films. Various waveguide topologies are simulated to optimize all the geometric and multilayer stack parameters. We demonstrate the calculated propagation length of Lprop = 0.27 mm at the 785 nm wavelength for the Al2O3/Ag/Al2O3 waveguides. In addition, we numerically show the possibility to eliminate signal cross-talks (less than 0.01%) between two crossed waveguides. One of the key technology issues of such waveguides’ nanofabrication is a dry, low-damage-etching of a multilayer stack with extremely sensitive ultrathin metals. In this paper, we propose the fabrication process flow, which provides both dry etching of Al2O3/Au(Ag)/Al2O3 waveguides nanostructures with high aspect ratios and non-damage ultrathin metal films patterning. We believe that the proposed design and fabrication process flow provides new opportunities in next-generation photonic interconnects, plasmonic nanocircuitry, quantum optics and biosensors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Shin, M. H., M. S. Park, N. E. Lee, Jiyoung Kim, Chung Ywong Kim, and Jinho Ahn. "Dry etching of TaN∕HfO2 gate-stack structure in BCl3∕Ar∕O2 inductively coupled plasmas." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 24, no. 4 (July 2006): 1373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.2210944.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kohail, Mohamed, Hany Elshafie, Ahmed Rashad, and Hussein Okail. "Behavior of post-tensioned dry-stack interlocking masonry shear walls under cyclic in-plane loading." Construction and Building Materials 196 (January 2019): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.149.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Stockdale, Gabriel L., Vasilis Sarhosis, and Gabriele Milani. "Seismic capacity and multi-mechanism analysis for dry-stack masonry arches subjected to hinge control." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 673–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00583-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Stockdale, Gabriel, Gabriele Milani, and Vasilis Sarhosis. "Increase in Seismic Resistance for a Full-Scale Dry Stack Masonry Arch Subjected to Hinge Control." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.221.

Full text

Abstract:

The seismic vulnerability and resulting damages to vaulted masonry is continuously observed with each new earthquake. The understanding of these systems is quite strong, and reinforcement strategies and techniques are continually advancing. Unfortunately, the application of reinforcement is typically applied in a way that the failure transforms directly from one of stability to strength. This direct transformation overlooks the potential behaviors of the system that exist between the two limits. To investigate and better understand the intermittent behavior of masonry arches, an in-scale dry joint masonry arch subjected to hinge control and a tilting plane loading condition was experimentally tested. The result of that experimentation revealed that the capacity can be increased and the failure defined, but the non-ideal conditions of slip and base deformations were observed as well. This work presents the second experimental campaign of a full-scale dry stack masonry arch subjected to hinge control and a tilting plane loading condition. In this campaign, the issue of slip is addressed in the arch construction, and the results show that the capacity of the full-scale arch can be increased and the failure defined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Li, Yongliang, and Qiuxia Xu. "Dry etching of poly-Si/TaN/HfSiON gate stack for advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices." Journal of Semiconductors 32, no. 7 (July 2011): 076001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/32/7/076001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Bhadwal, Neelesh, Mina Torabi Milani, Thomas Coyle, and Anthony Sinclair. "Dry Coupling of Ultrasonic Transducer Components for High Temperature Applications." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 5383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245383.

Full text

Abstract:

The viability for dry coupling of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer components was investigated, using a thin foil of annealed silver as a filler material/coupling agent at each component interface. Criteria used for room temperature evaluation were centered on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and echo bandwidth, for a Li-Nb based transducer operating in pulse-echo mode. A normal clamping stress of only 25 MPa, applied repeatedly over three loading cycles on a precisely-aligned transducer stack, was sufficient to yield backwall echoes with a SNR greater than 25 dB, and a 3 dB bandwidth of approximately 65%. This compares to a SNR of 32 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 65%, achievable when all transducer interfaces were coupled with ultrasonic gel. The respective roles of a soft filler material, alignment of transducer components, cyclic clamping, component roughness, and component flatness were evaluated in achieving this high efficiency dry coupling, with transducer clamping forces far lower than previously reported. Preliminary high temperature tests indicate that this coupling method is suitable for high temperature and achieves signal quality comparable to that at room temperature with ultrasonic gel.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Golubev, Yury Filippovich, and Victor Vladimirovich Korianov. "Overcoming a stack of rough cylinders by a six-legged robot." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 55 (2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2021-55.

Full text

Abstract:

A method has been developed for overcoming obstacles in the form of a stack of rough cylinders of different radii by a six-legged robot. Two of the cylinders are lying on a horizontal plane and the third one is lying on the two mentioned above. The cylinders are under the influence of gravity, dry friction, and rolling friction. The equilibrium conditions of the system were found when the system is under the influence of a force due to the support of the robot on the system of cylinders. Using computer modeling tools, an algorithm for overcoming the stack that does not destroy the structure of the obstacle was developed. The results of numerical experiments and corresponding video materials are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Li, Lei, Pei Yan Wang, Yi Wang, Xin Guan, and Zhu Feng Yue. "Influence of Hydrothermal Environment on the Composite Laminate Plate with a Hole." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1819–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1819.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, the influence of hydrothermal environment on the composite laminate plate with a hole is studied by experiment method. The test setup is design for prevent the bucking of the plate specimen, which is composed two main parts. The slide part limits the movement of the specimen along the load direction. Three types of ply stack composite laminate plate are tested. Results show that the strength of all the type of laminate plate in the hydrothermal environment reduces on the contrast to the room temperature and dry environment. But the reduction relatives the ply stack of laminate plate. [45/0/-45/90]2Splate reduces smallest. [45/0/02/45/90/-45/0/45/902/-45/0]Splate reduces most.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Li, Yongliang, Qiuxia Xu, Wenwu Wang, and Jing Zhang. "Dry Etching of Metal Inserted Poly-Si Stack for Dual High-k and Dual Metal Gate Integration." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 7, no. 8 (2018): P435—P439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0031809jss.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kim, Dong-Pyo, Xue Yang, Jong-Chang Woo, Doo-Seung Um, and Chang-Il Kim. "Dry-etching properties of TiN for metal/high-k gate stack using BCl3-based inductively coupled plasma." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 27, no. 6 (November 2009): 1320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.3244567.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lim, Tak-Hyoung, Sun-Kyung Kim, Ui-Jin Yun, Jong-Won Lee, Seung-Bok Lee, Seok-Joo Park, and Rak-Hyun Song. "Performance characteristic of a tubular carbon-based fuel cell short stack coupled with a dry carbon gasifier." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39, no. 23 (August 2014): 12395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.201.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Fuhrmann, Florian, Klemens Seelos, and Frank Sirocko. "Eolian sedimentation in central European Auel dry maar from 60 to 13 ka." Quaternary Research 101 (May 2021): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.81.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe climate in central Europe during the last 60 ka is characterized by rapid temperature and moisture changes and strong cold periods (Heinrich events). All these variations are preserved in sediments of marine and also some terrestrial archives. Here we present a continuous, terrestrial sediment record with almost all Greenland stadials and Heinrich events between 60 and 13 ka visible from carbonate roundness of the Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive Dust Stack-20 and CaCO3 data for central Europe. The carbonate roundness data show almost all stadials between 60 and 13 ka. CaCO3 data show a general transport system change with the beginning of Heinrich event 3. Since there are no carbonates west of the Auel Maar, we conclude that the eolian-transported grains were not transported by westerly but easterly winds. These postulated easterly winds during the last glacial maximum are supported by similar findings of previous works.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Chichinina, Tatiana, Irina Obolentseva, Leonid Gik, Boris Bobrov, and Gerardo Ronquillo-Jarillo. "Attenuation anisotropy in the linear-slip model: Interpretation of physical modeling data." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 5 (September 2009): WB165—WB176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3173806.

Full text

Abstract:

This study attempts to validate a mathematical formalism of introducing attenuation into Schoenberg’s linear slip model. This formalism is based on replacing the real-valued weaknesses by complex-valued ones. During an ultrasonic experiment, performed at a central frequency of [Formula: see text] on a plate-stack model with [Formula: see text]-thick Plexiglas™ plates, the velocity and attenuation (inverse of the quality factor [Formula: see text]) of P-, SH-, and SV-waves are measured in directions from 25° to 90° with the symmetry axis for dry and oil-saturated models and loading uniaxial pressures of 2 and [Formula: see text]. The velocity and attenuation data are fitted by the derived theoretical functions. The values of the real and imaginary parts of the complex-valued weaknesses are estimated. Thereal parts of the weaknesses, which have a clear physical meaning (they affect the weakening of the material), are three times larger for the dry model than for the oil-saturated one. The imaginary parts of the weaknesses are responsible for attenuation; their values are an order of magnitude smaller than the real parts. The derived expressions for angle-dependent velocities and attenuations can be used to distinguish between dry and oil-saturated fractures. In particular, the P-wave attenuation function in the symmetry-axis direction (normal to fracture planes) is different in dry and saturated media. The experiment shows that the plate-stack model is inhomogeneous because of the nonuniform pressure distribution, which degrades the experimental results and creates difficulties in the inversion for the complex-valued weaknesses — particularly in joint inversion of P- and S-wave data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Adesogan, A. T., and E. Owen. "Effect of ammonia treatment on rate of adaptation of newly-housed store lambs to eating wheat straw." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600028427.

Full text

Abstract:

Earlier work has shown that newly-housed, previously-pastured lambs are reluctant to eat straw. This experiment monitored intake and diet-induced behaviour patterns in newly-housed lambs with the aim of determining the effect of ammoniation on rate of adaptation to straw diets.Sixteen, 35 kg lambs were selected from a flock of seven month old, Suffolk cross Mule lambs which had been pastured from weaning and had no previous experience of straw. Lambs were housed in October in individual, continuously- lit, open-side pens and fed untreated or ammonia-treated (100 1/t of 320 g/kg ammonia) winter wheat straw. Ammonia treatment was by the stack method (Sundstol and Coxworth, 1984) and the straw offered was collected in 20 kg wads every other day from stacks kept in an open-sided barn. A completely randomised design with eight replicate lambs per treatment was used to compare straw types. Sufficient straw was offered to allow daily refusals of at least 300 g/kg offered during the 21-day trial. A barley-based supplement was fed at 240 g dry matter (DM)/d. Nitrogen contents of both straw types were monitored with a LECO FP-228 automatic nitrogen determinator while the total content of neutral and acid detergent fibres were analysed using the method of Goering and Van Soest (1970). Thein vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD, Tilley and Terry, 1963) of the straw offered was also monitored. A concurrent behaviour study involved recording the activity (eating, drinking, idling or ruminating) every 5 minutes for 9 h on day 1 and 12 h on days 8 and 16 of the 21-day trial.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Biswas, S. K. "Wear of metals: A consequence of stable/unstable material response." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 216, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065002762355299.

Full text

Abstract:

Wear of metals in dry sliding is dictated by the material response to traction. This is demonstrated by considering the wear of aluminium and titanium alloys. In a regime of stable homogeneous deformation the material approaching the surface from the bulk passes through microprocessing zones of flow, fracture, comminution and compaction to generate a protective tribofilm that retains the interaction in the mild wear regime. If the response leads to microstructural instabilities such as adiabatic shear bands, the near-surface zone consists of stacks of 500nm layers situated parallel to the sliding direction. Microcracks are generated below the surface to propagate normally away from the surface though microvoids situated in the layers, until it reaches a depth of 10-20 μm. A rectangular laminate debris consisting of a 20-40 layer stack is produced. The wear in this mode is severe.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Hlinka, Peter, Ingrid Karandušovská, and Štefan Mihina. "Monitoring of Gas Production During the Biowaste Composting." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2019-0014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The aim of this paper was to monitor the production and composition of gases from the biowaste landfill in terms of the utilized composting process technology. Processing technology of biowaste in the reference sample V1 was without modification; process optimization technology – material homogenization by overturning and irrigation – was used for the second sample V2. Gas measurements (methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrous oxide) were conducted during the first and sixth weeks after their establishing. At the same time, samples were taken for laboratory determination of the dry matter content of examined materials, pH and C/N ratio. It has been statistically proved that there was a significantly higher gas production in V2, which was overturned and irrigated, than in V1. The measured CO2 values were 2.5 times higher in V2 in comparison to V1. The mean CH4 production in the stack V1 was 96.35 mg·m−3 and 235.9 mg·m−3 in the stack V2, which is 2.5 times more. Due to overturning and irrigation of composted material in the stack V2, the decomposition of microorganisms was faster, which also affected the amount of released gases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Veres, Mihály, Ede Hertelendi, György Uchrin, Eszter Csaba, István Barnabás, Péter Ormai, Gábor Volent, and István Futó. "Concentration of Radiocarbon and Its Chemical Forms in Gaseous Effluents, Environmental Air, Nuclear Waste and Primary Water of a Pressurized Water Reactor Power Plant in Hungary." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030976.

Full text

Abstract:

We measured airborne releases of 14C from the Paks Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). Two continuous stack samplers collect 14C in 14CO2 and 14CnHm chemical forms. 14C activities were measured using two techniques; environmental air samples of lower activities were analyzed by proportional counting, stack samples were measured by liquid scintillation counting. 14C concentration of air in the stack varies between 80 and 200 Bqm−3. The average normalized yearly discharge rates for 1988–1993 were 0.74 TBqGW−1ey−1 for hydrocarbons and 0.06 TBqGW−1ey−1 for CO2. The discharge rate from Paks Nuclear Power Plant is about four times higher than the mean discharge value of a typical Western European PWR NPP. The higher 14C production may be apportioned to the higher level of nitrogen impurities in the primary coolant. Monitoring the long-term average excess from the NPP gave D14C = 3.5‰ for CO2 and D14C = 20‰ for hydrocarbons. We determined 14C activity concentration in the primary coolant to be ca. 4 kBq liter−1. The 14C activity concentrations of spent mixed bed ion exchange resins vary between 1.2 and 5.3 MBqkg−1 dry weight.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Paraschiv, V., W. Boullart, and E. Altamirano-Sánchez. "Dry Etching of Mo based layers and its interdependence with a poly-Si/MoOxNy/TiN/HfO2 gate stack." Microelectronic Engineering 105 (May 2013): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2012.11.016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Chewe Ngapeya, Gelen Gael, Danièle Waldmann, and Franck Scholzen. "Impact of the height imperfections of masonry blocks on the load bearing capacity of dry-stack masonry walls." Construction and Building Materials 165 (March 2018): 898–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.183.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

PILKINGTON, DWAIN H., and JONATHAN C. ALLEN. "Substitution of Potassium Chloride for Sodium Chloride in Commercially-Produced Dry-Cured Hams." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.9.792.

Full text

Abstract:

Substitution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a 50/50 mixture of potassium chloride (KCl) and NaCl (Lite Salt™) in the curing mixture of country hams was tested at four federally inspected dry-cured ham plants in North Carolina to establish the feasibility of commercial production of “reduced-sodium” country hams. Lite Salt™ -treated hams had significantly less sodium (P <0.001), with no significant change in total salt content (P >0.05). Hams from one plant that did not stack hams during the curing process had a lower salt content than the hams from the other plants that stacked hams three to six high during curing. Salt content of the non-stacked hams was higher when the KCl/NaCl curing mixture was used than when the control NaCl mixture was used. Increasing the curing time also increased the final salt concentration. Finished hams cured with 50% KCl applied at 70 g/kg and stacked during the curing phase had more than 30% reduction in sodium, sufficient to label the product as reduced-sodium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Tashiro, Tetsuya, Junsuke Fujiwara, and Keiko Inada. "Drilling of CFRP/Ti-6Al-4V Stacks." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.369.

Full text

Abstract:

Drilling experiments of CFRP/Ti6Al4V laminated stack board were carried out use of a TiAlN-coated cemented carbide drill and a TiAlCr/TiSi-coated cemented carbide drill. In the experimental conditions described herein, tool life is longer for lowered feed speed, and a TiAlCr/TiSi-coated cemented carbide drill has longer life than the other. Additionally, the cooling performance between dry process and water-mist-cooling were compared. Regarding water-mist-cooling, although the thrust is smaller, chips are much harder. They also adhere to the drill margin and impart damage to the CFRP wall of the hole. For a number of holes less than 50, water-mist-cooling reduces tool abrasion. However, the abrasion increases suddenly for hole numbers greater than 50. Accordingly, for the number of holes drilled well over 50, tool life is longer in dry processing than in water-mist-cooling.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Dry stack'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles