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Journal articles on the topic 'Dry Valleys Region'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Witherow, Rebecca A., W. Berry Lyons, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Kathleen A. Welch, Paul A. Mayewski, Sharon B. Sneed, Thomas Nylen, Michael J. Handley, and Andrew Fountain. "The aeolian flux of calcium, chloride and nitrate to the McMurdo Dry Valleys landscape: evidence from snow pit analysis." Antarctic Science 18, no. 4 (November 14, 2006): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410200600054x.

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We have determined the flux of calcium, chloride and nitrate to the McMurdo Dry Valleys region by analysing snow pits for their chemical composition and their snow accumulation using multiple records spanning up to 48 years. The fluxes demonstrate patterns related to elevation and proximity to the ocean. In general, there is a strong relationship between the nitrate flux and snow accumulation, indicating that precipitation rates may have a great influence over the nitrogen concentrations in the soils of the valleys. Aeolian dust transport plays an important role in the deposition of some eleme

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2

Smillie, Robert W. "Suite subdivision and petrological evolution of granitoids from the Taylor Valley and Ferrar Glacier region, south Victoria Land." Antarctic Science 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102092000130.

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Detailed geological mapping and geochemical analysis of early Palaeozoic granitoid plutons and dykes from the Taylor Valley and Ferrar Glacier region in south Victoria Land reveal two distinct suites. This suite subdivision-approach is a departure from previous lithology-based schemes and can be applied elsewhere in south Victoria Land. The older calc-alkaline Dry Valleys 1 suite is dominated by the compositionally variable Bonney Pluton, a flow-foliated concordant pluton with an inferred length of over 100 km. Plutons of this suite are elongate in a NW-SE direction and appear to have been sub

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3

Hall, B. L., G. H. Denton, and B. Overturf. "Glacial Lake Wright, a high-level Antarctic lake during the LGM and early Holocene." Antarctic Science 13, no. 1 (March 2001): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102001000086.

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We report evidence of a large proglacial lake (Glacial Lake Wright) that existed in Wright Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica at the last glacial maximum (LGM) and in the early Holocene. At its highstands, Glacial Lake Wright would have stretched 50 km and covered c. 210 km2. Chronology for lake-level changes comes from 30 AMS radiocarbon dates of lacustrine algae preserved in deltas, shorelines, and glaciolacustrine deposits that extend up to 480 m above present-day lakes. Emerging evidence suggests that Glacial Lake Wright was only one of a series of large lakes to occupy

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4

Tang, Ya, Jiasui Xie, and Hui Sun. "Revisiting sustainable development of dry valleys in Hengduan Mountains Region." Journal of Mountain Science 1, no. 1 (February 2004): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02919358.

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5

Esposito, R. M. M., S. A. Spaulding, D. M. McKnight, B. Van de Vijver, K. Kopalová, D. Lubinski, B. Hall, and T. Whittaker. "Inland diatoms from the McMurdo Dry Valleys and James Ross Island, Antarctica." Botany 86, no. 12 (December 2008): 1378–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-100.

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Diatom taxa present in the inland streams and lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and James Ross Island, Antarctica, are presented in this paper. A total of nine taxa are illustrated, with descriptions of four new species ( Luticola austroatlantica sp. nov., Luticola dolia sp. nov., Luticola laeta sp. nov., Muelleria supra sp. nov.). In the perennially ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, diatoms are confined to benthic mats within the photic zone. In streams, diatoms are attached to benthic surfaces and within the microbial mat matrix. One species, L. austroatlantica, is found on James

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6

Cox, Simon C., and Andrew H. Allibone. "Petrogenesis of orthogneisses in the Dry Valleys region, South Victoria Land." Antarctic Science 3, no. 4 (December 1991): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102091000500.

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Granitoid gneisses intercalated with Koettlitz Group metasediments in the upper Ferrar, Taylor and Wright valleys of South Victoria Land comprise various hornblende+biotite orthogneisses and biotite orthogneisses, including the km-scale Dun and Calkin plutons. K-feldspar megacryst inclusion textures and discordant cross-cutting relationships with enclosing metasediments are interpreted as firm evidence of an intrusive origin for hornblende+biotite and biotite orthogneiss. The scale of several concordant orthogneiss bodies (including the Dun and Calkin plutons), the presence of mafic enclaves,

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7

Ukrainskiy, Pavel, Edgar Terekhin, Artyom Gusarov, Eugenia Zelenskaya, and Fedor Lisetskii. "The Influence of Relief on the Density of Light-Forest Trees within the Small-Dry-Valley Network of Uplands in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Eastern Europe." Geosciences 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110420.

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An active process of the invasion of woody vegetation, resulting in the formation of light forests, has been observed in predominantly herbaceous small dry valleys of the forest-steppe uplands of the East European Plain over the past two decades. This paper investigates the spatial features of the density of trees in such light forests and its relationship with relief parameters. The Belgorod Region, one of the administrative regions of European Russia, was chosen as a reference for the forest-steppe zone of the plain. The correlation between some relief characteristics (the height, slope, slo

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8

Mellon, Michael T., Christopher P. Mckay, and Jennifer L. Heldmann. "Polygonal ground in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica and its relationship to ice-table depth and the recent Antarctic climate history." Antarctic Science 26, no. 4 (November 26, 2013): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102013000710.

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AbstractThe occurrence of dry permafrost overlying ice-rich permafrost is unique to the Antarctic Dry Valleys on Earth and to the high latitudes of Mars. The stability and distribution of this ice are poorly understood and fundamental to understanding the Antarctic climate as far back as a few million years. Polygonal patterned ground is nearly ubiquitous in these regions and is integrally linked to the history of the icy permafrost and climate. We examined the morphology of polygonal ground in Beacon Valley and the Beacon Heights region of the Antarctic Dry Valleys, and show that polygon size

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9

Clausen, Eric. "Origin of the Redwater River Drainage Basin Determined by Topographic Map Interpretation: Eastern Montana, USA." Journal of Geography and Geology 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v11n1p42.

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Topographic and geologic map interpretation strongly suggests the eastern Montana Redwater River valley eroded headward across large southeast-oriented ice-marginal melt water floods. The north-oriented Redwater River heads in an area to the south of recognized continental glaciation and flows into the recognized glaciated region before joining the east-oriented Missouri River. Detailed topographic maps show the eastern drainage divide is asymmetric with steeper slopes on the Redwater River side and is crossed by shallow dry valleys linking northwest-oriented Redwater River tributaries with so

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10

Lyons, W. B., S. W. Tyler, R. A. Wharton, D. M. McKnight, and B. H. Vaughn. "A Late Holocene desiccation of Lake Hoare and Lake Fryxell, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 10, no. 3 (September 1998): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102098000340.

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Stable isotope data from waters of lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica are presented in order to establish the climatic history of this region over the past two millennia. New data from Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare in Toylor Valley, along with previously published data from Lake Vanda, Wright Valley and Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley are used to infer the recent climatic history of MDV. Lakes Vanda, Fryxell and Bonney appear to have lost their ice covers and evaporated to small, hypersaline ponds by 1000 to ~1200 yr BP. Lake Hoare either desiccated or did no

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11

Hubbard, Alun, Wendy Lawson, Brian Anderson, Bryn Hubbard, and Heinz Blatter. "Evidence for subglacial ponding across Taylor Glacier, Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781813970.

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AbstractIce-penetrating radar and modelling data are presented suggesting the presence of a zone of temperate ice, water ponding or saturated sediment beneath the tongue of Taylor Glacier, Dry Valleys, Antarctica. The proposed subglacial zone lies 3–6 km up-glacier of the terminus and is 400– 1000m across. The zone coincides with an extensive topographic overdeepening to 80m below sea level. High values of residual bed reflective power across this zone compared to other regions and the margins of the glacier require a high dielectric contrast between the ice and the bed and are strongly indica

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12

Krusic, A. G., M. L. Prentice, and J. M. Licciardi. "Climatic implications of reconstructed early–mid Pliocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 50 (2009): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769564.

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AbstractEarly–mid Pliocene moraines in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are more extensive than the present alpine glaciers in this region, indicating substantial climatic differences between the early–mid Pliocene and the present. To quantify this difference in the glacier–climate regime, we estimated the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) change since the early–mid Pliocene by calculating the modern ELA and reconstructing the ELAs of four alpine glaciers in Wright and Taylor Valleys at their early–mid Pliocene maxima. The area–altitude balance ratio method was used on modern and reconstruct

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13

Konfal, Stephanie A., T. J. Wilson, and B. L. Hall. "Palaeoshoreline records of glacial isostatic adjustment in the Dry Valleys region, Antarctica." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 381, no. 1 (2013): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp381.26.

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14

Obryk, M. K., P. T. Doran, E. D. Waddington, and C. P. Mckay. "The influence of föhn winds on Glacial Lake Washburn and palaeotemperatures in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, during the Last Glacial Maximum." Antarctic Science 29, no. 5 (March 17, 2017): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102017000062.

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AbstractLarge glacial lakes, including Glacial Lake Washburn, were present in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) despite a colder and drier climate. To address the mechanism capable of generating enough meltwater to sustain these large lakes, a conceptual model was developed based on the warming potential of infrequent contemporary föhn winds. The model suggests that föhn winds were capable of generating enough meltwater to sustain large glacial lakes during the LGM by increasing degree days above freezing (DDAF) and prolonging the melt season. A present

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15

De Los Ríos, Asunción, Jacek Wierzchos, and Carmen Ascaso. "The lithic microbial ecosystems of Antarctica’s McMurdo Dry Valleys." Antarctic Science 26, no. 5 (July 7, 2014): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000194.

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AbstractWe review the lithic microbial ecosystems of the McMurdo Dry Valleys as the main form of terrestrial colonization in this region, and assess the role of environmental controls such as temperature, solar radiation, water availability, wind, nutrient availability, salinity and the physicochemical properties of the colonized rock. Epilithic communities, especially those dominated by lichens, are able to withstand extreme environmental conditions but subsurface endolithic microhabitats provide more tolerant conditions. Endolithic microbial communities can be grouped into two main classes:

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16

Doran, Peter T., Christopher P. McKay, Andrew G. Fountain, Thomas Nylen, Diane M. McKnight, Chris Jaros, and John E. Barrett. "Hydrologic response to extreme warm and cold summers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 20, no. 5 (May 16, 2008): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102008001272.

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AbstractThe meteorological characteristics and hydrological response of an extreme warm, and cold summer in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are compared. The driver behind the warmer summer conditions was the occurrence of down-valley winds, which were not present during the colder summer. Occurrence of the summer down-valley winds coincided with lower than typical mean sea level pressure in the Ross Sea region. There was no significant difference in the amount of solar radiation received during the two summers. Compared to the cold summer, glaciological and hydrological response to the warm summer in

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17

Shean, David E., James W. Head, and David R. Marchant. "Shallow seismic surveys and ice thickness estimates of the Mullins Valley debris-covered glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 19, no. 4 (August 16, 2007): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000624.

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AbstractSeveral debris-covered glaciers occupy tributaries of upper Beacon Valley, Antarctica. Understanding their flow dynamics and ice thickness is important for palaeoclimate studies and for understanding the origins of ancient ice elsewhere in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region. We present the results of several shallow seismic surveys in Mullins Valley, where the largest of these debris-covered glaciers is located. Our results suggest that beneath a thin sublimation till and near-surface horizon of dirty glacier ice, lies relatively pure glacier ice (P-wave velocity ~3700–3800 m s-1), with to

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18

Schmidt, S. K., R. C. Lynch, A. J. King, D. Karki, M. S. Robeson, L. Nagy, M. W. Williams, M. S. Mitter, and K. R. Freeman. "Phylogeography of microbial phototrophs in the dry valleys of the high Himalayas and Antarctica." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1706 (September 8, 2010): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1254.

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High-elevation valleys in dry areas of the Himalayas are among the most extreme, yet least explored environments on Earth. These barren, rocky valleys are subjected to year-round temperature fluctuations across the freezing point and very low availability of water and nutrients, causing previous workers to hypothesize that no photoautotrophic life (primary producers) exists in these locations. However, there has been no work using modern biogeochemical or culture-independent molecular methods to test the hypothesis that photoautotrophs are absent from high Himalayan soil systems. Here, we show

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19

Heindel, Ruth C., Angela M. Spickard, and Ross A. Virginia. "Landscape-scale soil phosphorus variability in the McMurdo Dry Valleys." Antarctic Science 29, no. 3 (February 6, 2017): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102016000742.

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AbstractThe predicted increase in liquid water availability in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica, may have profound consequences for nutrient cycling in soil and aquatic ecosystems. Our ability to predict future changes relies on our understanding of current nutrient cycling processes. Multiple hypotheses exist to explain the variability in soil phosphorus content and availability found throughout the MDV region. We analysed 146 surface soil samples from the MDV to determine the relative importance of parent material, landscape age, soil chemistry and texture, and topography on two bio

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Eveland, J. W., M. N. Gooseff, D. J. Lampkin, J. E. Barrett, and C. D. Takacs-Vesbach. "Seasonal controls on snow distribution and aerial ablation at the snow-patch and landscape scales, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Cryosphere Discussions 6, no. 5 (September 12, 2012): 3823–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-3823-2012.

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Abstract. Accumulated snow in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, while limited, has great ecological significance to subnivian soil environments. Though sublimation dominates the ablation process in this region, measurable increases in soil moisture and insulation from temperature extremes provide more favorable conditions with respect to subnivian soil communities. While precipitation is not substantial, significant amounts of snow can accumulate, via aeolian redistribution, in topographic lees along the valley bottoms, forming thousands of discontinuous snow patches. These patches have the potential t

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21

Arcone, Steven A., and Karl Kreutz. "GPR reflection profiles of Clark and Commonwealth Glaciers, Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 51 (2009): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409789097531.

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AbstractEnglacial horizons deeper than 100m are absent within 100MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surface profiles we recorded on Clark and Commonwealth Glaciers in the Antarctic Dry Valleys region. Both glaciers show continuous bottom horizons to 280 m, with bottom signal-to-noise ratios near 30 dB. Density horizons should fade below 50 m depth because impermeable ice occurred by 36 m. Folding within Commonwealth Glacier could preclude radar strata beneath about 80 m depth, but there is no significant folding within Clark Glacier. Strong sulfate concentrations and contrasts exist in our sha

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Marchant, David R., and George H. Denton. "Miocene and Pliocene paleoclimate of the Dry Valleys region, Southern Victoria land: a geomorphological approach." Marine Micropaleontology 27, no. 1-4 (April 1996): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(95)00065-8.

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23

Bertler, Nancy A. N., Paul A. Mayewski, Peter J. Barrett, Sharon B. Sneed, Michael J. Handley, and Karl J. Kreutz. "Monsoonal circulation of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Ross Sea region, Antarctica: signal from the snow chemistry." Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814087.

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AbstractMcMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV; Ross Sea region, Antarctica) precipitation exhibits extreme seasonality in ion concentration, 3–5 orders of magnitude between summer and winter precipitation. To identify aerosol sources and investigate causes for the observed amplitude in concentration variability, four snow pits were sampled along a coast–Polar Plateau transect across the MDV. The elevation of the sites ranges from 50 to 2400 m and the distance from the coast from 8 to 93 km. Average chemistry gradients along the transect indicate that most species have either a predominant marine or terrest

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Hector, Basile, Jean-Martial Cohard, Luc Séguis, Sylvie Galle, and Christophe Peugeot. "Hydrological functioning of western African inland valleys explored with a critical zone model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 5867–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5867-2018.

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Abstract. Inland valleys are seasonally waterlogged headwater wetlands, widespread across western Africa. Their role in the hydrological cycle in the humid, hard-rock-dominated Sudanian savanna is not yet well understood. Thus, while in the region recurrent floods are a major issue, and hydropower has been recognized as an important development pathway, the scientific community lacks precise knowledge of streamflow (Q) generation processes and how they could be affected by the presence of inland valleys. Furthermore, inland valleys carry an important agronomic potential, and with the strong de

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Eveland, J. W., M. N. Gooseff, D. J. Lampkin, J. E. Barrett, and C. D. Takacs-Vesbach. "Seasonal controls on snow distribution and aerial ablation at the snow-patch and landscape scales, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Cryosphere 7, no. 3 (June 11, 2013): 917–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-917-2013.

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Abstract. Accumulated snow in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, while limited, has great ecological significance to subnivian soil environments. Though sublimation dominates the ablation process in this region, measurable increases in soil moisture and insulation from temperature extremes provide more favorable conditions with respect to subnivian soil communities. While precipitation is not substantial, significant amounts of snow can accumulate, via wind transport, in topographic lees along the valley bottoms, forming thousands of discontinuous snow patches. These patches have the potential to act as

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Colesie, Claudia, Maxime Gommeaux, T. G. Allan Green, and Burkhard Büdel. "Biological soil crusts in continental Antarctica: Garwood Valley, southern Victoria Land, and Diamond Hill, Darwin Mountains region." Antarctic Science 26, no. 2 (May 23, 2013): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102013000291.

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AbstractBiological soil crusts are associations of lichens, mosses, algae, cyanobacteria, microfungi and bacteria in different proportions forming a thin veneer within the top centimetres of soil surfaces. They occur in all biomes, but particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, even in the most extreme climates. They carry out crucial ecosystem functions, such as soil stabilization, influencing water and nutrient cycles, and contribute to the formation of microniches for heterotrophic life. In continental Antarctica especially, these roles are essential because no higher plants provide such e

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Speirs, Johanna C., Daniel F. Steinhoff, Hamish A. McGowan, David H. Bromwich, and Andrew J. Monaghan. "Foehn Winds in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: The Origin of Extreme Warming Events*." Journal of Climate 23, no. 13 (July 1, 2010): 3577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3382.1.

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Abstract Foehn winds resulting from topographic modification of airflow in the lee of mountain barriers are frequently experienced in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica. Strong foehn winds in the MDVs cause dramatic warming at onset and have significant effects on landscape forming processes; however, no detailed scientific investigation of foehn in the MDVs has been conducted. As a result, they are often misinterpreted as adiabatically warmed katabatic winds draining from the polar plateau. Herein observations from surface weather stations and numerical model output from the Antarct

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Lyons, W. Berry, Kathleen A. Welch, Christopher B. Gardner, Chris Jaros, Daryl L. Moorhead, Jennifer L. Knoepfle, and Peter T. Doran. "The geochemistry of upland ponds, Taylor Valley, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 24, no. 1 (September 23, 2011): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102011000617.

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AbstractThe McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the largest ice-free region on the continent. These valleys contain numerous water bodies that receive seasonal melt from glaciers. For forty years, research emphasis has been placed on the larger water bodies, the permanent ice-covered lakes. We present results from the first study describing the geochemistry of ponds in the higher elevations of Taylor Valley. Unlike the lakes at lower elevations, the landscape on which these ponds lie is among the oldest in Taylor Valley. These upland ponds wax and wane in size depending on the local climatic

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Xue, Dong Jian, Zheng Wei He, and Xiang Dong Zheng. "The Distribution Regularity of Geohazard in the Dry-Hot Valley of Jinsha River: Case Study in Derong County." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5754.

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Derong County is located in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in southern part of Sichuan Province, in the upper of the Jinsha River, where there is a subtropical plateau monsoon climate, abundant sunshine, and large amount of evaporation, so it is a typical dry-hot valleys region. Derong County is the area of more ups and downs in the terrain, deep valleys, steep mountains, complex geological conditions, intense tectonic activity, various climate types, and has obvious vertical zone effect by temperature, serious physical weathering of rock, and landslide, debris flow, collapse and other ge

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Coleine, Claudia, Nuttapon Pombubpa, Laura Zucconi, Silvano Onofri, Jason E. Stajich, and Laura Selbmann. "Endolithic Fungal Species Markers for Harshest Conditions in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Life 10, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10020013.

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The microbial communities that inhabit lithic niches inside sandstone in the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys of life’s limits on Earth. The cryptoendolithic communities survive in these ice-free areas that have the lowest temperatures on Earth coupled with strong thermal fluctuations, extreme aridity, oligotrophy and high levels of solar and UV radiation. In this study, based on DNA metabarcoding, targeting the fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer region 1 (ITS1) and multivariate statistical analyses, we supply the first comprehensive overview onto the fungal diversity and composition of these com

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Marchant, David R., George H. Denton, Carl C. Swisher, and Noel Potter. "Late Cenozoic Antarctic paleoclimate reconstructed from volcanic ashes in the Dry Valleys region of southern Victoria Land." Geological Society of America Bulletin 108, no. 2 (February 1996): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0181:lcaprf>2.3.co;2.

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Grombacher, Denys, Esben Auken, Nikolaj Foged, Thue Bording, Neil Foley, Peter T. Doran, Jill Mikucki, et al. "Induced polarization effects in airborne transient electromagnetic data collected in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 3 (May 5, 2021): 1574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab148.

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SUMMARY Airborne electromagnetics (EM) is a geophysical tool well suited to mapping glacial and hydrogeological structures in polar environments. This non-invasive method offers significant spatial coverage without requiring access to the ground surface, enabling the mapping of geological units to hundreds of metres depth over highly varied terrain. This method shows great potential for large-scale surveys in polar environments, as common targets such as permafrost, ice and brine-rich groundwater systems in these settings can be easily differentiated because of their significant contrasts in e

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Yang, Jie, Yousry A. El-Kassaby, and Wenbin Guan. "Multiple Ecological Drivers Determining Vegetation Attributes across Scales in a Mountainous Dry Valley, Southwest China." Forests 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111140.

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Identifying the ecological processes determining spatial variation in community composition and structure is a central issue in arid areas, especially in the face of climate change. This study aims to estimate how environmental and spatial processes jointly determine vegetation attributes across scales in the Min dry valley, one of the dry valleys in Hengduan Mountainous region suffering severe ecological degradation. A total of 48 plots along slope transects were investigated at three sites along the dry valley, with vegetation and environmental information gathered. Distance-based Moran’s ei

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MONTAÑO-ARIAS, GENARO, ISOLDA LUNA-VEGA, JUAN J. MORRONE, and DAVID ESPINOSA. "Biogeographical identity of the Mesoamerican dominion with emphasis on seasonally dry tropical forests." Phytotaxa 376, no. 6 (November 22, 2018): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.376.6.3.

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Several studies on the geographical limits and regionalization of the Neotropics have recognized this region as a biogeographical unit. Recent regionalization proposals recognize the existence of a Mesoamerican dominion within the Neotropics, extending from the northern portion of the Mexican Pacific coast into the lowlands of south-central Mexico and most of northern Central America (Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua). In this study, we assessed the biogeographical identity of the Mesoamerican dominion through the analysis of the geographical patterns of diversity of 356

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Gardner, Christopher B., and W. Berry Lyons. "Modelled composition of cryogenically produced subglacial brines, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 31, no. 3 (March 29, 2019): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410201900004x.

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Polar subglacial hydrologic systems have garnered much interest since the recognition of Lake Vostok in 1996. In Antarctica, these environments are hydrologically diverse, including isolated lakes of different sizes, river–lake flow-through systems, “swamps” and groundwater (Siegert 2016). The refreezing of subglacial meltwater is also an important process beneath a large portion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (Bell et al. 2011). As subglacial water refreezes it exsolves salts, potentially leaving behind saline and hypersaline brines. Brines thought to derive from this cryoconcentration proce

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Vandenberghe, J. "Paleoenvironment and Stratigraphy during the Last Glacial in the Belgian-Dutch Border Region." Quaternary Research 24, no. 1 (July 1985): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90081-x.

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The Weichselian deposits of the flat Dutch-Belgian coversand area are characterized by highly varying facies types. The geomorphological location and the role of water during the deposition and the transportation of the original eolian sediments may fully explain the texture and sedimentary structures of the lithostratigraphic units. Directly deposited eolian loams and sands on the dry interfluves contrast with the same, but reworked, sediments in wet valleys and depressions. The formation of periglacial phenomena is also dependent on the geomorphologic, lithologic, and hydrologic conditions.

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Howkins, Adrian, Stephen Chignell, and Andrew Fountain. "Vanda Station, Antarctica: a biography of the Anthropocene." Journal of the British Academy 9s6 (2021): 61–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/009s6.061.

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This article uses the history of New Zealand�s Vanda Station in Antarctica as a case study of the inseparability of human history and environmental change in the age of the Anthropocene. Vanda Station was built in the late 1960s to promote New Zealand�s sovereignty claims to Antarctica and to promote scientific research in the predominantly ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys region. Over the course of the 1970s and 1980s, the levels of the nearby Lake Vanda rose dramatically, and in the early 1990s the decision was taken to close the station. Rather than seeing the closure of Vanda simply as a conse

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Vanham, D., E. Fleischhacker, and W. Rauch. "Impact of an extreme dry and hot summer on water supply security in an alpine region." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 3 (February 1, 2009): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.887.

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Climate change will induce an increasing drought risk in western and southern Europe and a resulting increase in water stress. This paper investigates the impact of both the extreme hot and dry summer of 2003 and the PRUDENCE CHRM climate change scenario summer for 2071–2100 on the monthly water balance (available water resources versus water demand) within the Kitzbueheler Region in the Austrian Alps. As a baseline period the climate normal period from 1961 to 1990 was chosen. In both summer scenarios total flow and ground water recharge decrease substantially, due to the decrease in precipit

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Wyłupek, Teresa Grażyna, Marta Ziemińska-Smyk, and Zbigniew Czarnecki. "Floristic diversity and agricultural value of Phalaridetum arundinaceae (Koch 1926 n.n.) Lib. 1931 in the selected river valleys of the Zamość region." Acta Agrobotanica 32, no. 2 (2015): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2015.017.

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<p>The study presents the results of a floristic survey conducted using the Braun-Blanquet method (50 phytosociological relevés) in permanent grasslands in three river valleys of the Zamość region (Por, Huczwa, Wieprz). The goal of the survey was to determine the floristic diversity and fodder value of the <em>Phalaridetum arundinaceae</em> association (Koch 1926 n.n.) Lib. 1931. </p><p>A total of 93 plant species from 25 botanical families were identified in the areas under study. The species richness of the <em>Phalaridetum arundinaceae</em> differed

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PRADO, D. E. "SEASONALLY DRY FORESTS OF TROPICAL SOUTH AMERICA: FROM FORGOTTEN ECOSYSTEMS TO A NEW PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC UNIT." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57, no. 3 (November 2000): 437–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096042860000041x.

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The Pleistocenic Arc, which must have originated from the climatic shifts in South America during the late Pleistocene, ranges from the Caatingas of north-eastern Brazil through south-eastern Brazil to the Paraguay and Paraná rivers confluence, into south-western Bolivia and north-western Argentina, and extends sporadically into dry Andean valleys of Peru or coastal western Ecuador. It is regarded as a new phytogeographic unit for South America, here named the Tropical Seasonal Forests Region, as it is characterized by a considerable number of endemic plant taxa at both generic and species lev

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Foley, Neil, Slawek M. Tulaczyk, Denys Grombacher, Peter T. Doran, Jill Mikucki, Krista F. Myers, Nikolaj Foged, Hilary Dugan, Esben Auken, and Ross Virginia. "Evidence for Pathways of Concentrated Submarine Groundwater Discharge in East Antarctica from Helicopter-Borne Electrical Resistivity Measurements." Hydrology 6, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6020054.

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The Southern Ocean receives limited liquid surface water input from the Antarctic continent. It has been speculated, however, that significant liquid water may flow from beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet, and that this subglacial flow carries that water along with dissolved nutrients to the coast. The delivery of solutes, particularly limiting nutrients like bioavailable iron, to the Southern Ocean may contribute to ecosystem processes including primary productivity. Using a helicopter-borne time domain electromagnetic survey along the coastal margins of the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Souther

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Chwala, C., A. Gmeiner, W. Qiu, S. Hipp, D. Nienaber, U. Siart, T. Eibert, et al. "Precipitation observation using microwave backhaul links in the alpine and pre-alpine region of Southern Germany." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 13, 2012): 2647–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2647-2012.

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Abstract. Measuring rain rates over complex terrain is afflicted with large uncertainties, because rain gauges are influenced by orography and weather radars are mostly not able to look into mountain valleys. We apply a new method to estimate near surface rain rates exploiting attenuation data from commercial microwave links in the alpine region of Southern Germany. Received signal level (RSL) data are recorded minutely with small data loggers at the towers and then sent to a database server via GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). Due to the large RSL fluctuations in periods without

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Arenz, B. E., and R. A. Blanchette. "Distribution and abundance of soil fungi in Antarctica at sites on the Peninsula, Ross Sea Region and McMurdo Dry Valleys." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43, no. 2 (February 2011): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.016.

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Wang, Yanjun, Lei Wang, Xu Liu, Yashan Li, Xueqiu Wang, and Yulin Fang. "Climatic regionalization of wine grapes in the Hengduan Mountain region of China." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 2 (July 11, 2018): e0303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018162-12457.

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The Hengduan Mountain region of China is one of the world's highest altitude and lowest latitude wine grape cultivation areas. This study screened the existing regional indexes; the active accumulated temperature (AAT) for grapes in the growing season was chosen as the heat index, and the dryness index (DI) in the growing season was chosen as the water index for climatic regionalization. An analysis of 90-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data and the corresponding slope degree and direction for the Hengduan Mountain region in the range of 97°E-103°E, 27°N-33°N, as well as daily m

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Whitlock, Cathy, and Rosemary Sherriff. "A 14,000-Yr Fire History From the Mixed Conifer Forest of Southern Yellowstone National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 20 (January 1, 1996): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1996.3305.

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The Yellowstone region has been divided into geovegetation regions based on characteristics of the vegetation, climate, and geology (Despain, 1990). The Northern Range or Yellowstone-Lamar valleys features open Douglas-fir parkland, summerÂwet conditions, and substrates composed of glacial debris and sedimentary and granitic material. The Central Plateau is an area of lodgepole forest, relatively dry summers, and infertile rhyolite soils. The Absaroka region consists of mixed conifer forest, relatively dry summers, and andesitic and sedimentary rock types. The environmental history of the geo

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Bishop, Janice L., Brandy L. Anglen, Lisa M. Pratt, Howell G. M. Edwards, David J. Des Marais, and Peter T. Doran. "A spectroscopy and isotope study of sediments from the Antarctic Dry Valleys as analogues for potential paleolakes on Mars." International Journal of Astrobiology 2, no. 4 (October 2003): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550403001654.

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A spectroscopy and isotope study has been performed on igneous sediments from Lake Hoare, a nearly isolated ecosystem in the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. The mineralogy and chemistry of these sediments were studied in order to gain insights into the biogeochemical processes occurring in a permanently ice-covered lake and to assist in characterizing potential habitats for life in paleolakes on Mars. Obtaining visible/near-infrared, mid-infrared and Raman spectra of such sediments provides the ground truth needed for using reflectance, emittance and Raman spectroscopy for exploration of geo

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Summerfield, M. A., D. E. Sugden, G. H. Denton, D. R. Marchant, H. A. P. Cockburn, and F. M. Stuart. "Cosmogenic isotope data support previous evidence of extremely low rates of denudation in the Dry Valleys region, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 162, no. 1 (1999): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1999.162.01.20.

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McKay, Christopher P., Edward Balaban, Simon Abrahams, and Nick Lewis. "Dry permafrost over ice-cemented ground at Elephant Head, Ellsworth Land, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 31, no. 05 (July 30, 2019): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102019000269.

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AbstractDry permafrost - ground with temperature always below 0°C and containing negligible ice - overlying ice-cemented ground has been reported in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica and on Mars. Here we report on a new site (79°49.213'S, 83°18.860'W, 718 m elevation) located on the side of Mount Dolence in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. Year-round temperature and humidity measurements indicate that dry permafrost is present between depths of 13.5 and 49.0 cm - the location of ice-cemented ground. The mean annual frost point of the ice-cemented ground is -17.0 ± 0.2°C and the mean annual frost point

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WINANT, GABRIEL. "“Green Pastures of Plenty from Dry Desert Ground”: Nature, Labor, and the Growth and Structure of a California Grape Company." Enterprise & Society 16, no. 1 (January 16, 2015): 109–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2014.13.

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This article examines the growth and change of a southern California table grape firm, the George F. Johnston Company. Combining business, labor, and environmental history, it traces the company’s expansion from a semi-arid region just east of Los Angeles to the fully arid deserts of the Coachella and Imperial Valleys of California. The Johnston Company moved south and east into this more hostile environment to produce grapes out of the traditional season, beating the competition to market. In the process, it produced a racially stratified workforce and contributed to an ecological catastrophe

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Dugan, H. A., P. T. Doran, B. Wagner, F. Kenig, C. H. Fritsen, S. Arcone, E. Kuhn, N. E. Ostrom, J. Warnock, and A. E. Murray. "27 m of lake ice on an Antarctic lake reveals past hydrologic variability." Cryosphere Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 23, 2014): 4127–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-4127-2014.

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Abstract. Lake Vida, located in Victoria Valley, is one of the largest lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Unlike other lakes in the region, the surface ice extends at least 27 m, which has created an extreme and unique habitat by isolating a liquid-brine with salinity of 195 g L−1. Below 21 m, the ice is marked by well-sorted sand layers up to 20 cm thick, within a matrix of salty ice. From ice chemistry, isotopic abundances of 18O and 2H, ground penetrating radar profiles, and mineralogy, we conclude that the entire 27 m of ice formed from surface runoff, and the sediment layers represent the

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