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Journal articles on the topic 'Dryophytes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Andersen, Desiree, Irina Maslova, Zoljargal Purevdorj, et al. "East palearctic treefrog past and present habitat suitability using ecological niche models." PeerJ 10 (March 3, 2022): e12999. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12999.

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Ecological niche modeling is a tool used to determine current potential species’ distribution or habitat suitability models which can then be used to project suitable areas in time. Projections of suitability into past climates can identify locations of climate refugia, or areas with high climatic stability likely to contain the highest levels of genetic diversity and stable populations when climatic conditions are less suitable in other parts of the range. Modeling habitat suitability for closely related species in recent past can also reveal potential periods and regions of contact and possible admixture. In the east palearctic, there are five Dryophytes (Hylid treefrog) clades belonging to two groups: Dryophytes japonicus group: Clades A and B; and Dryophytes immaculatus group: Dryophytes immaculatus, Dryophytes flaviventris, and Dryophytes suweonensis. We used maximum entropy modeling to determine the suitable ranges of these five clades during the present and projected to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Last Interglacial (LIG) periods. We also calculated climatic stability for each clade to identify possible areas of climate refugia. Our models indicated suitable range expansion during the LGM for four clades with the exclusion of D. immaculatus. High climatic stability in our models corresponded to areas with the highest numbers of recorded occurrences in the present. The models produced here can additionally serve as baselines for models of suitability under climate change scenarios and indicate species ecological requirements.
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2

Julián Caballero, César Camilo. "Dryophytes euphorbiaceus (ANURA: HYLIDAE)." Revista Latinoamericana de Herpetología 4, no. 2 (2021): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fc.25942158e.2021.02.332.

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3

Yoo, Nakyung, Kang-Rae Kim, Biet Thanh Tran, et al. "First Complete Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of Tree Frog, Dryophytes flaviventris and Comparison with Dryophytes suweonensis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 6 (2025): 2423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062423.

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Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) play a key role in species identification and phylogenetic studies due to their stable gene arrangements and evolutionary insights. Dryophytes flaviventris, classified in 2020 and closely related to D. suweonensis, lacks mitochondrial DNA data for differentiation. This gap hinders accurate species identification, highlighting the need for further genomic studies. The complete mitogenome size of two D. flaviventris were 18,616–18,617 bp and those for two D. suweonensis were 18,610–18,616 bp, the mitogenomes of the two species consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a D-loop. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the mitochondrial DNA of all four individuals formed a monophyletic group, showing no genetic differentiation. As a result, the two species do not form distinct clades, and mitogenomes could not differentiate them, suggesting they are not reciprocally monophyletic. This study presents the first mitogenome data for D. flaviventris and provides valuable insights into tree frog taxonomy.
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4

Aguillon-Gutierrez, David Ramiro, Aurelio Ramirez-Bautista, and Claudia Romo-Gomez. "Spectrochemical Analysis of Tissues of Frog Dryophytes plicatus Tadpoles (Amphibia: Hylidae) Developing under Lead and Iron Pollution." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 21, no. 1 (2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_1/07.

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This study conducted a bioassay on frog tadpoles of the Mexican endemic species Dryophytes plicatus exposed to lead and iron. This species was used because some of its populations live near urban areas that may exposed them to pollutants, such as heavy metals due to industrial processes or mining industry. Specimens in a post-embryonic stage of Dryophytes plicatus were collected in water bodies near El Chico National Park. For the bioassay, the collected samples were grouped into three namely; tadpoles in contact with steel cloves (99% Fe, 1% C); the second group in contact with lead plates; and the last was the control group (without heavy metals). A spectrochemical analysis was held to identify the concentrations of these elements in the liver, intestines, and gills. This study shows that Dryophytes plicatus can bioaccumulate these heavy metals in their tissues, particularly in the liver and the intestine. The concentration of lead and iron was similar in both the control and experimental groups, due to the use of tap water of a mining place, but the concentration in the tadpoles tissues indicates a bioaccumulation process.
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5

Borzée, Amaël. "Recommendations for IUCN Red List Conservation Status of the “Dryophytes immaculatus Group” in North East Asia." Diversity 12, no. 9 (2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090336.

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Threat assessment is important to prioritize species conservation projects and planning. The taxonomic resolution regarding the status of the “Dryophytes immaculatus group” and the description of a new species in the Republic of Korea resulted in a shift in ranges and population sizes. Thus, reviewing the IUCN Red List status of the three species from the group: D. immaculatus, D. suweonensis and D. flaviventris and recommending an update is needed. While the three species have similar ecological requirements and are distributed around the Yellow Sea, they are under contrasting anthropological pressure and threats. Here, based on the literature available, I have applied all IUCN Red List criterion and tested the fit of each species in each criteria to recommend listing under the appropriate threat level. This resulted in the recommendation of the following categories: Near Threatened for D. immaculatus, Endangered following the criteria C2a(i)b for D. suweonensis and Critically Endangered following the criteria E for D. flaviventris. All three species are declining, mostly because of landscape changes as a result of human activities, but the differences in range, population dynamics and already extirpated subpopulations result in different threat levels for each species. Dryophytes flaviventris is under the highest threat category mostly because of its limited range segregated into two subpopulations; and several known extirpated subpopulations. Immediate actions for the conservation of this species are required. Dryophytes suweonensis is present in both the Republic of Korea and the Democratic Republic of Korea (DPR Korea) and is under lower ecological pressure in DPR Korea. Dryophytes immaculatus is present in the People’s Republic of China, over a very large range despite a marked decline. I recommend joint efforts for the conservation of these species.
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6

Sánchez-Sánchez, Renato, Olga Méndez-Méndez, Jazmín Hernández-Luría, Geoffrey R. Smith, and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal. "Selection of substrate type, substrate color, and vegetation by tadpoles of Dryophytes plicatus." Herpetozoa 36 (July 5, 2023): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e105332.

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The characteristics of microhabitats in streams can drive the distribution of tadpoles. We experimentally examined microhabitat selection of tadpoles of Dryophytes plicatus. We used a series of choice experiments to test if tadpoles had preferences for particular substrate types, substrate colors, and vegetation. Tadpoles of D. plicatus had a strong preference for mud substrates over sand, gravel, and rock substrates and preferred darker substrates over lighter substrates. Dryophytes plicatus tadpoles used the non-vegetated side of an aquarium more than the vegetated side. Our experimental results matched previous field observations in the case of the preference for mud substrates but differed from the field observations for substrate color and vegetation, suggesting that basic underlying preferences may be modified by various factors in nature or by learning or conditioning.
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7

Sánchez-Sánchez, Renato, Olga Méndez-Méndez, Jazmín Hernández-Luría, Geoffrey R. Smith, and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal. "Selection of substrate type, substrate color, and vegetation by tadpoles of Dryophytes plicatus." Herpetozoa 36, no. () (2023): 153–57. https://doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e105332.

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The characteristics of microhabitats in streams can drive the distribution of tadpoles. We experimentally examined microhabitat selection of tadpoles of Dryophytes plicatus. We used a series of choice experiments to test if tadpoles had preferences for particular substrate types, substrate colors, and vegetation. Tadpoles of D. plicatus had a strong preference for mud substrates over sand, gravel, and rock substrates and preferred darker substrates over lighter substrates. Dryophytes plicatus tadpoles used the non-vegetated side of an aquarium more than the vegetated side. Our experimental results matched previous field observations in the case of the preference for mud substrates but differed from the field observations for substrate color and vegetation, suggesting that basic underlying preferences may be modified by various factors in nature or by learning or conditioning.
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8

Osnaya Becerril, Janet Elizabeth, Roberto Tenorio Mendoza, and Matías Martínez Coronel. "REPORTE DEL AMPLEXO EN UNA PAREJA DE Dryophytes eximius (HYLIDAE) DENTRO DE UN BALDE CON AGUA." Revista Latinoamericana de Herpetología 5, no. 2 (2022): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fc.25942158e.2022.2.441.

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9

Geiss, Loren, M. Clara F. do Amaral, James Frisbie, David L. Goldstein, and Carissa M. Krane. "Postfreeze viability of erythrocytes from Dryophytes chrysoscelis." Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology 331, no. 5 (2019): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.2262.

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10

Shimada, Tomohiko, Masafumi Matsui, and Keito Tanaka. "Genetic and morphological variation analyses of Dryophytes japonicus (Anura, Hylidae) with description of a new species from northeastern Japan." Zootaxa 5590, no. 1 (2025): 61–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5590.1.3.

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Shimada, Tomohiko, Matsui, Masafumi, Tanaka, Keito (2025): Genetic and morphological variation analyses of Dryophytes japonicus (Anura, Hylidae) with description of a new species from northeastern Japan. Zootaxa 5590 (1): 61-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5590.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5590.1.3
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11

Hernández-Pérez, Jesús, Aida Serra, Siu Sze, Patricia Conway, Jørgen Schlundt, and Jorge Benavides. "Identification of Arenin, a Novel Kunitz-Like Polypeptide from the Skin Secretions of Dryophytes arenicolor." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (2018): 3644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113644.

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Amphibian skin secretions are enriched with complex cocktails of bioactive molecules such as proteins, peptides, biogenic amines, alkaloids guanidine derivatives, steroids and other minor components spanning a wide spectrum of pharmacological actions exploited for centuries in folk medicine. This study presents evidence on the protein profile of the skin secretions of the canyon tree frog, Dryophytes arenicolor. At the same time, it presents the reverse-phase liquid chromatography isolation, mass spectrometry characterization and identification at mRNA level of a novel 58 amino acids Kunitz-like polypeptide from the skin secretions of Dryophytes arenicolor, arenin. Cell viability assays performed on HDFa, CaCo2 and MCF7 cells cultured with different concentrations of arenin showed a discrete effect at low concentrations (2, 4, 8 and 16 µg/mL) suggesting a multi-target interaction in a hormetic-like dose-response. Further work is required to investigate the mechanisms underlying the variable effect on cell viability produced by different concentrations of arenin.
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12

Kim, Erick, Andi Nugraha Cahyana, Yikweon Jang, and Amaël Borzée. "Breeding range variation between Korean hylids (Dryophytes sp.)." Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 12, no. 2 (2019): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.12.002.

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13

Borzée, Amaël, Zoljargal Purevdorj, Ye Inn Kim, et al. "Breeding preferences in the treefrogs Dryophytes japonicus (Hylidae) in Mongolia." Journal of Natural History 53, no. 43-44 (2020): 2685–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1704458.

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Borzée, Amaël, Purevdorj, Zoljargal, Kim, Ye Inn, Kong, Sungsik, Choe, Minjee, Yi, Yoonjung, Kim, Kyungmin, Kim, Ajoung, Jang, Yikweon (2020): Breeding preferences in the treefrogs Dryophytes japonicus (Hylidae) in Mongolia. Journal of Natural History 53 (43-44): 2685-2698, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1704458, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1704458
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14

SHIMADA, TOMOHIKO, MASAFUMI MATSUI, and KEITO TANAKA. "Genetic and morphological variation analyses of Dryophytes japonicus (Anura, Hylidae) with description of a new species from northeastern Japan." Zootaxa 5590, no. 1 (2025): 61–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5590.1.3.

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Japanese tree frog, Dryophytes japonicus, formerly known as Hyla japonica, is known to include several geographic groups recognized in mitochondrial phylogeny. By analyzing genetic and morphological variations in a large number of individuals of Dryophytes, we studied their taxonomic relationships. A mitochondrial DNA phylogeny was consistent with previous studies in that a high molecular divergence existed between populations from northeastern Japan and Sakhalin (Clade A) and those from southwestern Japan and Korea (Clade B). Nuclear DNA analyses based on SNP data also support such separation, whereas hybrid populations were found at some localities near the border of mitochondrial clades in Honshu Island, forming a hybrid zone. The width of hybrid zone was estimated to be narrow (approx. 25 km) and the migration rates into/beyond it were relatively low. Those results indicate that two genetic groups have long been parapatrically maintained with a narrow hybrid zone in Honshu Island. We examined syntypes of Hyla japonica and designated lectotypes. In adult morphology, the clades could be differentiated mainly by the pattern of rear of thigh, and the lectotypes proved to be Clade B. From these results, we describe the frogs of Clade A as a new species, D. leopardus sp. nov., distinct from D. japonicus.
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15

Borzée, Amaël, Kevin R. Messenger, Shinhyeok Chae, et al. "Yellow sea mediated segregation between North East Asian Dryophytes species." PLOS ONE 15, no. 6 (2020): e0234299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234299.

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16

Borzée, Amaël, Zoljargal Purevdorj, Ye Inn Kim, et al. "Breeding preferences in the treefrogs Dryophytes japonicus (Hylidae) in Mongolia." Journal of Natural History 53, no. 43-44 (2019): 2685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1704458.

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17

Borzée, Amaël, Miyeon Kim, Jun Young Kim, Taeho Kim, and Yikweon Jang. "Microhabitat use during brumation in the Japanese treefrog, Dryophytes japonicus." Amphibia-Reptilia 39, no. 2 (2018): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-17000036.

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Abstract Although amphibians undergo drastic changes in physiology and behaviour before hibernation, this phase of their life cycle (i.e., brumation) is the least understood. We investigated the patterns of microhabitat use by Dryophytes japonicus during brumation using a Harmonic Direction Finder to track 27 adults in October 2013. Most frogs used chestnut trees throughout their diel cycle. The species was most active within the “leafy vegetation” microhabitat, moving about 2 m within 72 h on average, and mostly circa 10 AM. Frogs moved less in the four other microhabitats, with individuals moving between 1 m and 50 cm, typically during the early afternoon. Around 3 pm, the microhabitat mostly used was “on bark”, with displacements almost totally halted. The use of microhabitats and shelters, as well as movements in relation to time of day, suggests that D. japonicus displays behavioural thermoregulation during brumation. This research is the first providing insights in the brumation ecology of a non-freeze-resistant Palearctic anuran.
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18

Heo, Kyongman, Ye Inn Kim, Yoonhyuk Bae, Yikweon Jang, and Amael Borzee. "First Report of Dryophytes japonicus Tadpoles in Saline Environment." Russian Journal of Herpetology 26, no. 2 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-2-87-90.

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19

Guzmán Ramírez, Rodolfo, César Adrián Díaz Marín, Alan Isaac Olvera Mendoza, Aurelio Ramírez Bautista, Tonantzin Carmona Zamora, and Emiliano Hernández Jiménez. "Anoftalmia en un juvenil de <i>Dryophytes plicatus</i> (Anura: Hylidae), una rana arborícola endémica de México." Herpetología Mexicana, no. 9 (June 30, 2025): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.69905/gcbbrb42.

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We report anophthalmia in a juvenile of the Ridged Treefrog Dryophytes plicatus from Santiago Tulantepec, Hidalgo, Mexico, where the specimen lacked the left eye, presenting a reduced ocular cavity covered by skin. This rare anomaly may result from genetic factors or agrochemical exposure, as fertilizers are used in nearby crops and due to other related cases, highlighting the need for further studies about morphological anomalies in amphibians and the main causes. This finding expands the knowledge of morphological anomalies in D. plicatus and emphasizes the importance of conservation efforts.
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20

Hong, Yue-Huan, Hai-Ming Huang, Lian Wu, et al. "Characterization of Two Mitogenomes of Hyla sanchiangensis (Anura: Hylidae), with Phylogenetic Relationships and Selection Pressure Analyses of Hylidae." Animals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13101593.

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Hyla sanchiangensis (Anura: Hylidae) is endemic to China and is distributed across Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces. The mitogenomes of H. sanchiangensis from two different sites (Jinxiu, Guangxi, and Wencheng, Zhejiang) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted, including 38 mitogenomes of Hylidae from the NCBI database, and assessed the phylogenetic relationship of H. sanchiangensis within the analyzed dataset. Two mitogenomes of H. sanchiangensis showed the typical mitochondrial gene arrangement with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and one non-coding control region (D-loop). The lengths of the 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes from both samples (Jinxiu and Wencheng) were 933 bp and 1604 bp, respectively. The genetic distance (p-distance transformed into percent) on the basis of the mitogenomes (excluding the control region) of the two samples was calculated as 4.4%. Hyla sanchiangensis showed a close phylogenetic relationship with the clade of (H. annectans + H. tsinlingensis), which was supported by ML and BI analyses. In the branch-site model, five positive selection sites were found in the clade of Hyla and Dryophytes: Cytb protein (at position 316), ND3 protein (at position 85), and ND5 protein (at position 400) have one site, respectively, and two sites in ND4 protein (at positions 47 and 200). Based on the results, we hypothesized that the positive selection of Hyla and Dryophytes was due to their experience of cold stress in historical events, but more evidence is needed to support this conclusion.
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21

Park, Il-Kook, Daesik Park, and Amaël Borzée. "Defining Conservation Requirements for the Suweon Treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis) Using Species Distribution Models." Diversity 13, no. 2 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020069.

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Numerous amphibian species are declining because of habitat loss and fragmentation due to urbanization of landscapes and the construction of roads. This is a mounting threat to species restricted to habitats close to urban areas, such as agricultural wetlands in North East Asia. The Suweon treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis) falls into the list of species threatened with habitat loss and most populations are under threat of extirpation. Over the last decades, sub-populations have become increasingly disconnected and specifically the density of paved roads has increased around the only site connecting northern and southern Seoul populations. We surveyed this locality in Hojobeol, Siheung, Republic of Korea in 2012, 2015 and 2019 to first confirm the decline in the number of sites where D. suweonensis was present. The second objective was to analyze the habitat characteristics and determine the remaining suitable habitat for D. suweonensis through a species distribution model following the maximum entropy method. Our results show that rice paddy cover and distance from the paved road are the most important factor defining suitable habitat for D. suweonensis. At this locality, uninterrupted rice paddies are a suitable habitat for the species when reaching at least 0.19 km2, with an average distance of 138 ± 93 m2 from the roads. We link the decrease in the number of sites where D. suweonensis is present with the decrease in rice paddy cover, generally replaced by localized infrastructures, greenhouses and habitat fragmentation. Rice paddies should remain connected over a large area for the protection of the remaining populations. In addition, habitat requirements should be integrated in the requisites to designate protected areas.
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22

Koo, Kyo Soung, Min Seock Do, Nakyung Yoo, and Hacheol Sung. "A Report on the Largest Population of a Critically Endangered Treefrog, <i>Dryophytes suweonensis</i>, in Republic of Korea." Russian Journal of Herpetology 29, no. 3 (2022): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-187-190.

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On 26 June 2019, a large number of Suweon treefrogs, Dryophytes suweonensis, was found in a rice paddy located in Gimpo-si, South Korea. A total of 31 adults of D. suweonensis were found, breeding in a single rice paddy. No other Suweon treefrog was found within a radius of approximately 1 km from the rice paddy. The number of Suweon treefrogs recorded was much higher than in any other rice paddy. However, the reason for the large number of Suweon treefrogs gathering in only one rice paddy is unclear. Further studies on the areas where Suweon treefrogs have been found, and protection of the areas and the endangered species is recommended.
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23

FRÉTEY, THIERRY. "Etymology of nomina of Amphibians and Reptiles of the French Antilles." Bionomina 35, no. 1 (2023): 20–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.35.1.3.

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We provide a catalogue of 41 genus substantives and 110 species or subspecies epithets of amphibians and reptiles of the French Antilles, with presentation of some nomenclatural consequences that result from our observations, especially for Dryophytes squirella, Iguana rhinolophus, Pholidoscelis cineraceus and Pholidoscelis plei analifer. In order to solve some nomenclatural cases, we had to resort to 9 Articles of the Code (11.3, 28, 30.1.3, 30.1.4.2, 31.2.3, 33.3.1, 51.3, 51.3.1, 58) and to 21 technical nomenclatural terms. Once again, this highlights the fact that nomenclatural problems concerning ancient nomina cannot be properly dealt with in a hurry and without a good, but also critical, knowledge of the Code, and that the use of a more detailed terminology than that of the Code facilitates such a work.
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Borzée, Amaël, Jonathan J. Fong, Hoa Quynh Nguyen, and Yikweon Jang. "Large-Scale Hybridisation as an Extinction Threat to the Suweon Treefrog (Hylidae: Dryophytes suweonensis)." Animals 10, no. 5 (2020): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050764.

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Amphibians are in the midst of a sixth mass extinction, and human activities play a major role in pushing species towards extinction. Landscape anthropisation has impacts that indirectly threaten species, in addition to the obvious destruction of natural habitats. For instance, land modification may bring human-commensal species in contact with sister-clades from which they were previously isolated. The species in these new contact zones are then able to hybridise to the point of reaching lineage fusion, through which the gene pool of the two species merges and one of the parental lineages becomes extirpated. Here, we documented the patterns of hybridisation between the spatially restricted D. suweonensis and the widespread D. japonicus. On the basis of the analysis of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial DNA sequences (404 individuals from 35 sites) and six polymorphic microsatellites (381 individuals from 34 sites), we revealed a generalised, bi-directional, and geographically widespread hybridisation between the two species. Evidence of fertile back-crosses is provided by relatively high numbers of individuals in cyto-nuclear disequilibrium, as well as the presence of hybrid individuals further south than the species distribution limit, determined on the basis of call properties. Hybridisation is an additional threat to the endangered D. suweonensis.
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25

Gartin, Michael, and Lance Jessee. "A long-lived leucistic Cope’s Gray Treefrog (Dryophytes chrysoscelis) tadpole from northeastern Tennessee, USA." Reptiles & Amphibians 31, no. 1 (2024): e21294. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v31i1.21294.

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26

Yoo, Nakyung, Keun-Yong Kim, Jung Soo Heo, Ju-Duk Yoon, and Keun-Sik Kim. "Novel non-invasive molecular identification method for two tree frogs, <i>Dryophytes suweonensis</i> and <i>Dryophytes japonicus</i>, based on high resolution melting (HRM) analysis." Environmental Biology Research 40, no. 2 (2022): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/kjeb.2022.40.2.199.

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27

Kidov, A. A., R. A. Ivolga, and T. E. Kondratova. "Age structure and growth of Dryophytes japonicus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) on Sakhalin and Kunashir Islands (Russian Far East)." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 328, no. 4 (2024): 658–70. https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2024.328.4.658.

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The article presents the results of studying the age and growth in island populations of the Japanese tree frog, Dryophytes japonicus (Günther, 1859), by the skeletochronology method. The material was collected in the last ten days of July 2023 on Sakhalin Island (Pionery village, Kholmsky District) and on Kunashir Island (between the Yuzhno-Kurilsk settlement, Lagunnoe village, and Otrada village). In total, preparations (sections of the third phalanx from a hind-limb finger) from 91 individuals were studied: 43 from Sakhalin (25 immature, 1 female, and 17 males) and 48 from Kunashir (3 immature, 6 females, and 39 males). The average age of sexually mature males from Sakhalin was 1–5 years (on average 3.2±1.60) and from Kunashir 1–8 years (on average 2.6±1.61). The estimated life expectancy of males after puberty on Sakhalin was 3.88 years (S = 0.704) and on Kunashir 3.13 years (S = 0.620). The only adult female captured on Sakhalin was 2 years old. The age of adult females on Kunashir was 2–6 years (on average 3.0±1.55). The estimated life expectancy of females on Kunashir after reaching puberty was 2.70 years (S = 0.545). The body length of males on Sakhalin was 36.17–41.07 mm (on average 38.50±1.66) and on Kunashir 35.17–43.13 mm (on average 39.41±2.07). The body length of females on Kunashir was 39.81–45.18 mm (on average 42.17±1.93). The aggregate of females of all ages on Kunashir was statistically significantly larger than aggregates of males from each locality. Body lengths of males of all ages from Sakhalin and Kunashir did not differ between them. Body lengths of sexually mature hylids of different ages and sexes from Sakhalin and Kunashir differed significantly. Dryophytes japonicus in both localities grow intensively until puberty, after which their growth rate slows down. The body length of males increased statistically significantly with age. It is noted that tree frogs on Sakhalin and Kunashir reach puberty (males after the first wintering and females after the second) earlier than individuals from mainland populations, with island D. japonicus being characterised by similar longevity to mainland populations. It is assumed that this phenomenon is due to the mild climate of this island and the almost complete absence of predators.
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Borzée, Amaël, Ye Inn Kim, Zoljargal Purevdorj, Irina Maslova, Natalya Schepina, and Yikweon Jang. "Relationship between anuran larvae occurrence and aquatic environment in septentrional east Palearctic landscapes." Herpetozoa 34 (December 14, 2021): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e68577.

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The presence of amphibian larvae is restricted by both biotic and abiotic variables of the environment. Some of these variables are still undetermined in the septentrional eastern Palearctic where Rana amurensis, Strauchbufo raddei and Dryophytes japonicus are found in large numbers. In this study, we sampled 92 sites across Mongolia, Russia and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and measured biotic and abiotic water variables, as well as the height of flooded terrestrial and emergent aquatic vegetation at the breeding site. We determined that the presence of anuran larvae is generally, but not always, linked to pH and temperature. Rana amurensis was not significantly affected by any of the variables measured, while S. raddei was impacted by water conductivity and D. japonicus by pH, temperature and vegetation. Our results highlight a potential risk for these species due to the changes in aquatic variables in response to desertification.
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Borzée, Amaël, Ye Inn Kim, Zoljargal Purevdorj, Irina Maslova, Natalya Schepina, and Yikweon Jang. "Relationship between anuran larvae occurrence and aquatic environment in septentrional east Palearctic landscapes." Herpetozoa 34, no. () (2021): 265–70. https://doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e68577.

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The presence of amphibian larvae is restricted by both biotic and abiotic variables of the environment. Some of these variables are still undetermined in the septentrional eastern Palearctic where Rana amurensis, Strauchbufo raddei and Dryophytes japonicus are found in large numbers. In this study, we sampled 92 sites across Mongolia, Russia and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and measured biotic and abiotic water variables, as well as the height of flooded terrestrial and emergent aquatic vegetation at the breeding site. We determined that the presence of anuran larvae is generally, but not always, linked to pH and temperature. Rana amurensis was not significantly affected by any of the variables measured, while S. raddei was impacted by water conductivity and D. japonicus by pH, temperature and vegetation. Our results highlight a potential risk for these species due to the changes in aquatic variables in response to desertification.
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do Amaral, M. Clara F., James Frisbie, David L. Goldstein, and Carissa M. Krane. "The cryoprotectant system of Cope’s gray treefrog, Dryophytes chrysoscelis: responses to cold acclimation, freezing, and thawing." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 188, no. 4 (2018): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-018-1153-6.

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Park, Jun-Kyu, and Yuno Do. "Seasonal Pattern of Advertisement Calling and Physiology in Prolonged Breeding Anurans, Japanese Tree Frog (Dryophytes japonicus)." Animals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13101612.

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The calling behavior of anurans should be studied in detail as it greatly influences their physiology and immunity, particularly in prolonged breeding species. The effect can be further complicated by the emergence timing in the breeding season. We conducted a study comparing the physiology and calling behavior of the Japanese tree frog (Dryophytes japonicus), a prolonged breeder species, according to the breeding timing. During the middle of the breeding season, a high chorus size appeared, indicating a breeding peak. However, chorus size did not dominate physiology and calling behavior. In the early breeding season, frogs had a high energy storage state and immunity. In the middle of the breeding season, individuals from the early breeding season were considered to have exhausted their energy stores and had low immunity. Towards the end of the breeding season, frogs appeared to have newly introduced, at which time energy stores and immunity were as high as in the beginning. However, unlike the physiology, the pattern of calling constantly varied as the breeding season progressed. Frogs from the early season conserved energy used for calling, and frogs from the late season showed a breeding spurt for mating. Our results can help in understanding the energy metabolism of calling behavior, physiology, and disease epidemiology in prolonged breeder species. They also suggest that individuals coordinate their participation in the breeding season and that the timing of their appearance at breeding sites may not be random.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Jiyoung Yun, KaHyun Lee, et al. "Population-level call properties of endangered Dryophytes suweonensissensu lato (Anura: Amphibia) in South Korea." PeerJ 11 (December 1, 2023): e16492. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16492.

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Calling is one of the unique amphibian characteristics that facilitates social communication and shows individuality; however, it also makes them vulnerable to predators. Researchers use amphibian call properties to study their population status, ecology, and behavior. This research scope has recently broadened to species identification and taxonomy. Dryophytes flaviventris has been separated from the endangered anuran species, D. suweonensis, based on small variations in genetic, morphometric, and temporal call properties observed in South Korea. The Chilgap Mountain (CM) was considered as the potential geographic barrier for the speciation. However, it initiated taxonomic debates as CM has been hardly used and is considered a potential barrier for other species. The calls of populations from both sides are also apparently similar. Thus, to verify the differences in call properties among populations of D. suweonensis sensu lato (s.l.; both of the species), we sampled and analyzed call data from five localities covering its distribution range, including the southern (S) and northern (N) parts of CM. We found significant differences in many call properties among populations; however, no specific pattern was observed. Some geographically close populations, such as Iksan (S), Wanju (S), and Gunsan (S), had significant differences, whereas many distant populations, such as Pyeongtaek (N) and Wanju (S), had no significant differences. Considering the goal of this study was only to observe the call properties, we cautiously conclude that the differences are at the population level rather than the species level. Our study indicates the necessity of further investigation into the specific status of D. flaviventris using robust integrated taxonomic approaches, including genetic and morphological parameters from a broader array of localities.
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Rehman, Saif, and Kenneth B. Storey. "Small RNA and Freeze Survival: The Cryoprotective Functions of MicroRNA in the Frozen Muscle Tissue of the Grey Tree Frog." Metabolites 14, no. 7 (2024): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo14070387.

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The grey tree frog, Dryophytes versicolor, survives whole-body freezing for weeks during cold winter months. Survival in a state devoid of available food, water, or oxygen forces a reliance on metabolic rate depression (MRD) and the reprioritization of bodily functions. This study utilizes next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatic analyses to characterize changes in the microRNAome of D. versicolor. When comparing control to frozen groups, five microRNAs (miRNA) were found to be differentially regulated (miR-143-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-10a-5p, miR-140-3p, and miR-148a-3p), suggesting that they play key roles in freeze survival. The KEGG and GO analyses of these changes predicted a significant negative enrichment of terms associated with cell proliferation and active metabolism while simultaneously predicting the upregulation of cell signalling terms. These results suggest a fast-acting regulatory role for miRNA in contributing to the reorganization of gene expression and the limitation of energy-expensive processes during MRD in the hind leg skeletal muscle of the frog.
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Roh, Namho, Jaejin Park, Jongsun Kim, Hyerim Kwon, and Daesik Park. "Prevalence of Ranavirus Infection in Three Anuran Species across South Korea." Viruses 14, no. 5 (2022): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14051073.

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To cope with amphibian die-offs caused by ranavirus, it is important to know the underlying ranavirus prevalence in a region. We studied the ranavirus prevalence in tadpoles of two native and one introduced anuran species inhabiting agricultural and surrounding areas at 49 locations across eight provinces of South Korea by applying qPCR. The local ranavirus prevalence and the individual infection rates at infected locations were 32.6% and 16.1%, respectively, for Dryophytes japonicus (Japanese tree frog); 25.6% and 26.1% for Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Black-spotted pond frog); and 30.5% and 50.0% for Lithobates catesbeianus (American bullfrog). The individual infection rate of L. catesbeianus was significantly greater than that of D. japonicus. The individual infection rate of P. nigromaculatus was related to the site-specific precipitation and air temperature. The individual infection rate gradually increased from Gosner development stage 39, and intermittent infection was confirmed in the early and middle developmental stages. Our results show that ranavirus is widespread among wild amphibians living in agricultural areas of South Korea, and mass die-offs by ranavirus could occur at any time.
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Hernández, Viridiana Villarreal, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith, and Raymundo Montoya-Ayala. "NATURAL HISTORY OBSERVATIONS OF AMBYSTOMA ALTAMIRANI AND DRYOPHYTES PLICATUS AT SIERRA DE LAS CRUCES, STATE OF MÉXICO, MEXICO." Southwestern Naturalist 64, no. 2 (2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-64-2-135.

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Yoo, Nakyung, Ju-Duk Yoon, Jeongwoo Yoo, Keun-Yong Kim, Jung Soo Heo, and Keun-Sik Kim. "Development of molecular identification methods for Dryophytes suweonensis and D. japonicus, and their hybrids." PeerJ 12 (January 19, 2024): e16728. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16728.

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Background As hybridization can reduce biodiversity or cause extinction, it is important to identify both purebred parental species and their hybrids prior to conserving them. The Suwon tree frog, Dryophytes suweonensis, is an endangered wildlife species in Korea that shares its habitat and often hybridizes with the Japanese tree frog, D. japonicus. In particular, D. suweonensis, D. japonicus, and their hybrids often have abnormal ovaries and gonads, which are known causes that could threaten their existence. Methods We collected 57 individuals from six localities where D. suweonensis is known to be present. High-resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene was performed to determine the maternal species. Thereafter, the DNA sequences of five nuclear genes (SIAH, TYR, POMC, RAG1, and C-MYC) were analyzed to determine their parental species and hybrid status. Results The HRM analysis showed that the melting temperature of D. suweonensis was in the range of 79.0–79.3 °C, and that of D. japonicus was 77.7–78.0 °C, which clearly distinguished the two tree frog species. DNA sequencing of the five nuclear genes revealed 37 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites, and STRUCTURE analysis showed a two-group structure as the most likely grouping solution. No heterozygous position in the purebred parental sequences with Q values ≥ 0.995 were found, which clearly distinguished the two treefrog species from their hybrids; 11 individuals were found to be D. suweonensis, eight were found to be D. japonicus, and the remaining 38 individuals were found to be hybrids. Conclusion Thus, it was possible to unambiguously identify the parental species and their hybrids using HRM analysis and DNA sequencing methods. This study provided fundamental information for D. suweonensis conservation and restoration research.
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Borzée, Amaël, Kyungmin Kim, Kyongman Heo, Piotr G. Jablonski, and Yikweon Jang. "Impact of land reclamation and agricultural water regime on the distribution and conservation status of the endangered Dryophytes suweonensis." PeerJ 5 (October 4, 2017): e3872. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3872.

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Knowledge about the distribution and habitat preferences of a species is critical for its conservation. The Suweon Treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis) is an endangered species endemic to the Republic of Korea. We conducted surveys from 2014 to 2016 at 890 potentially suitable sites across the entire range of the species in South Korea. We then assessed whether D. suweonensis was found in the current and ancestral predicted ranges, reclaimed and protected areas, and how the presence of agricultural floodwater affected its occurrence. Our results describe a 120 km increase in the southernmost known distribution of the species, and the absence of the species at lower latitudes. We then demonstrate a putative constriction on the species ancestral range due to urban encroachment, and provide evidence for a significant increase in its coastal range due to the colonisation of reclaimed land by the species. In addition, we demonstrate that D. suweonensis is present in rice fields that are flooded with water originating from rivers as opposed to being present in rice fields that are irrigated from underground water. Finally, the non-overlap of protected areas and the occurrence of the species shows that only the edge of a single site where D. suweonensis occurs is legally protected. Based on our results and the literature, we suggest the design of a site fitting all the ecological requirements of the species, and suggest the use of such sites to prevent further erosion in the range of D. suweonensis.
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Koo, Kyo-Soung, Jeong-Min Oh, Soo-Jeong Park, and Jong-Yoon Im. "Accessing the Accuracy of Citizen Science Data Based on iNaturalist Data." Diversity 14, no. 5 (2022): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14050316.

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The number of science projects with citizen (volunteer) participants is increasing nowadays. Despite some advantages citizen science have which directly influence science fields, the largest weakness of citizen science is the issue of the reliability of data collected by non-specialists. In this study, we assess the reliability of data collected by citizens and identify the factors that impede the credibility. We selected two species, Pelophylax chosenicus and Dryophytes suweonensis, which have specific habitat, breeding and brumation positions. The location data for both species were collected by the global citizen engagement project “iNaturalist”. As a result, 89.3% for P. chosenicus and 37.1% for D. suweonensis of the location data were estimated to be erroneous. No difference was observed in the data accuracy between experts and citizens for D. suweonensis because the mating call is the main classification key for the species. On the other hand, a significant difference was confirmed in the case of P. chosenicus, whose external characteristics are its classification key. Our study shows that efforts to improve reliability, including appropriate species selection and survey methods, are necessary to use citizen participation data in science research.
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Hernández-Salinas, Uriel, Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista, Barry P. Stephenson, Raciel Cruz-Elizalde, Christian Berriozabal-Islas, and Carlos Jesús Balderas-Valdivia. "Amphibian life history in a temperate environment of the Mexican Plateau: dimorphism, phenology and trophic ecology of a hylid frog, Hyla eximia (=Dryophytes eximius)." PeerJ 6 (November 8, 2018): e5897. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5897.

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The study of demographic and life history aspects of an organism provides valuable information for its conservation. Here, we analyze the phenology of the Mountain Treefrog Hyla eximia (= Dryophytes eximius) in a temperate environment of the Mexican Plateau. Females were larger in snout-vent length and body mass than males. The peak period of activity occurred in the rainy season (May–September), with amplexus and egg deposition occurring between June and July, and larval development from July to August. A logistic model best explained observed male growth patterns, while the Von Bertalanffy model better described female growth. Notably, males grew faster than females, although females reached a larger overall body size. The diet of this species is made up of 10 prey categories. The index of diet importance indicated that males feed mainly on Coleoptera and Diptera, while females feed on Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Aranea. Both females and males showed a significant abundance of plant material in their stomachs, suggesting that H. eximia might exhibit highly specialized feeding behavior. Reproduction was seasonal, and both female and male reproductive cycles are synchronized with the rainy season. These natural history characteristics provide information to better understand their responses to environmental conditions.
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Borzée, Amaël, Desiree Andersen, and Yikweon Jang. "Population trend inferred from aural surveys for calling anurans in Korea." PeerJ 6 (September 19, 2018): e5568. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5568.

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Amphibian populations fluctuate naturally in size and range and large datasets are required to establish trends in species dynamics. To determine population trends for the endangered Suweon Treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis), we conducted aural surveys in 2015, 2016, and 2017 at each of 122 sites where the species was known to occur in the Republic of Korea. Despite being based on individual counts, the focus of this study was to establish population trends rather than population size estimates, and we found both environmental and landscape variables to be significant factors. Encroachment was also a key factor that influenced both the decreasing number of calling individuals and the negative population dynamics, represented here by the difference in the number of calling individuals between years. Generally, most sites displayed minimal differences in the number of calling males between years, although there was a large fluctuation in the number of individuals at some sites. Finally, when adjusted for the overall population size difference between years, we found the population size to be decreasing between 2015 and 2017, with a significant decrease in the number of calling individuals at specific sites. High rate of encroachment was the principal explanatory factor behind these marked negative peaks in population dynamics.
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Kidov, A. A., R. A. Ivolga, and T. E. Kondratova. "Age Structure of the Japanese Treefrog Dryophytes japonicas (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) in the Southern Part of Primorskii Krai (Russian Far East)." Biology Bulletin 51, no. 10 (2024): 3213–18. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024701991.

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Borzée, Amaël, Yikweon Jang, Siti N. Othman, et al. "Integrating phylogeographic and phenotypic evidence to delimit deep evolutionary lineages in the Dryophytes japonicus species complex, with an assessment of their conservation needs." Herpetozoa 38 (February 7, 2025): 25–42. https://doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.38.e137747.

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Proper taxonomic and phylogeographic frameworks are a prerequisite in evolutionary, ecological, and conservation research, but many species still lack adequate assessments. Earlier studies on the northeast Asian treefrog, Dryophytes japonicus, identified a deep Mio-Pliocene diversification; however, phenotypic assessments were lacking, and the taxonomic identity of the identified clades is under debate. In this study, we assessed the genetic, genomic, morphological, and acoustic diversity and differentiation within the D. japonicus complex to propose taxonomic arrangements and assess taxon-specific threats for each defined clade. Analyses of four mtDNA genes and 42.8 kb nuclear loci obtained by RAD-sequencing (RAD-seq) confirmed two distinct species-level clades that diverged ~6 Mya, one provisionally assigned to D. japonicus in southern Japan and mainland Asia and the other unnamed (D. cf. japonicus) in northern Japan and adjacent Russian islands. According to the mitochondrial data, each species is further divided into two subclades of Pleistocene age that display differences in morphological and call properties that may represent candidate subspecies: D. j. japonicus in southwestern Japan and D. j. stepheni on the Asian mainland and two unnamed lineages in Central and Northern Japan for D. cf. japonicus. Phenotypic differentiation between populations was only partly linked to their phylogenetic relationships. Finally, despite the relatively narrow ranges of many lineages, none crosses the threshold to be currently listed as threatened. The conservation of the diversity of the D. japonicus complex will necessarily require proper population monitoring and additional investigations to evaluate whether the unnamed delimited lineages merit taxonomic descriptions.
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43

Zhang, Jia-Yong, Bryan E. Luu, Dan-Na Yu, Le-Ping Zhang, Rasha Al-attar, and Kenneth B. Storey. "The complete mitochondrial genome of Dryophytes versicolor: Phylogenetic relationship among Hylidae and mitochondrial protein-coding gene expression in response to freezing and anoxia." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 132 (July 2019): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.220.

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Castro-Bastidas, Héctor Alexis, Juan Carlos Herrera-Salazar, Marisol Magdalena Moreno-Chávez, and David Aguillón. "Anomalies and parasite infestation in the Canyon Tree Frog <i>Dryophytes arenicolor</i> Cope 1866 (Anura: Hylidae) from Mexico." Reptiles & Amphibians 31, no. 1 (2024): e20336. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v31i1.20336.

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45

Borzée, Amaël, Yikweon Jang, Siti N. Othman, et al. "Integrating phylogeographic and phenotypic evidence to delimit deep evolutionary lineages in the Dryophytes japonicus species complex, with an assessment of their conservation needs." Herpetozoa 38 (February 7, 2025): 25–42. https://doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.38.e137747.

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Proper taxonomic and phylogeographic frameworks are a prerequisite in evolutionary, ecological, and conservation research, but many species still lack adequate assessments. Earlier studies on the northeast Asian treefrog, <i>Dryophytes japonicus</i>, identified a deep Mio-Pliocene diversification; however, phenotypic assessments were lacking, and the taxonomic identity of the identified clades is under debate. In this study, we assessed the genetic, genomic, morphological, and acoustic diversity and differentiation within the <i>D. japonicus</i> complex to propose taxonomic arrangements and assess taxon-specific threats for each defined clade. Analyses of four mtDNA genes and 42.8 kb nuclear loci obtained by RAD-sequencing (RAD-seq) confirmed two distinct species-level clades that diverged ~6 Mya, one provisionally assigned to <i>D. japonicus</i> in southern Japan and mainland Asia and the other unnamed (D. cf. japonicus) in northern Japan and adjacent Russian islands. According to the mitochondrial data, each species is further divided into two subclades of Pleistocene age that display differences in morphological and call properties that may represent candidate subspecies: <i>D. j. japonicus</i> in southwestern Japan and <i>D. j. stepheni</i> on the Asian mainland and two unnamed lineages in Central and Northern Japan for D. cf. japonicus. Phenotypic differentiation between populations was only partly linked to their phylogenetic relationships. Finally, despite the relatively narrow ranges of many lineages, none crosses the threshold to be currently listed as threatened. The conservation of the diversity of the <i>D. japonicus</i> complex will necessarily require proper population monitoring and additional investigations to evaluate whether the unnamed delimited lineages merit taxonomic descriptions.
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46

Yartsev, Vadim V., Anastasia E. Bastrikova, and Valentina N. Kuranova. "Herpetological collection of Mikhail Dmitrievich Ruzsky in the museum holdings of Tomsk State University." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 67 (2024): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/67/5.

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New methods and approaches to the study of historical zoological collections make it possible to identify their new value for science. In this regard, it is relevant to analyze the diversity of specimens presented in various zoological collections and publish current information about their composition and history of formation. We analyzed the collection of amphibians and reptiles by a famous Russian zoologist M.D. Ruzsky, stored in the holdings of the Zoological Museum of Tomsk State University. This collection was formed in the period from 1892 to 1916 during his expeditions to the Caucasus, the Volga basin and the Urals, Siberia, the Far East, and Mongolia. It includes 31 museum objects - fluid preserved specimens (See Fig. 1): 3 specimens of 1 species of salamanders, 23 specimens of 8 species of anurans, 19 specimens of 7 species of lizards, and 6 specimens of 4 species of snakes. In this collection, there are specimens of 2 species of amphibians and 3 species of reptiles from territories where they are included in the regional Red Data Books: Triturus cristatus from Ulyanovsk Oblast, Dryophytes japonica from Buryatia, Anguis fragilis and Vipera (Pelias) renardi from Bashkortostan, V. (P.) berus from Krasnoyarsk Krai. This collection, formed more than a hundred years ago by an outstanding research scientist, is of historical and cultural significance. The article contains 1 Figure, 23 References. The authors sincerely thank S.N. Litvinchuk (St. Petersburg) for consultations, also I.V. Doronin (St. Petersburg) and L.F. Mazanaeva (Makhachkala, Dagestan) for help in identifying rock lizards. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Lee, Ji-Eun, Jun-Kyu Park, and Yuno Do. "Analysis of Reproductive Strategies and Immunological Interactions in Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis-Resistant Japanese Tree Frogs." Animals 15, no. 2 (2025): 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020154.

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The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been implicated as an agent of acute declines in amphibian populations worldwide. East Asian amphibians have been coexisting with Bd for long periods and thus are considered resistant; among the many is the Japanese tree frog, Dryophytes japonicus. Our study focused Bd infection effects on reproductive behaviors and physiological parameters in D. japonicus as a function of better understanding the chronic effect of the disease on long-term population viability. During the peak breeding season, we captured 70 males and quantified the chorus size, calling behaviors, physiological states, innate immunity, and sperm quality of individuals. In a simple comparison, all parameters were not significantly different. However, in the NMDS analysis, we were able to confirm subtle trends in some items according to infection and correlations between several items. Importantly, sperm density and sperm vitality tend to increase with Bd infection load, suggesting increased reproductive effort following infection. Additionally, this analysis indicated that innate immunity was positively related to Bd infection intensities, indicating the activation of immunity upon infection. These findings indicate that Bd-resistant D. japonicus maintains reproductive capabilities and physio-logical stability despite Bd infection, likely due to a co-evolved immune system. The present work offers insight into how amphibian populations may have some endurance in the presence of Bd and points out the importance of studying resistant species as a means to understand long-term ecological effects. Our results suggest that resistance to Bd may not simply prevent cata-strophic declines but actively contribute to the dynamics of Bd prevalence in amphibian communities, and confer implications for conservation strategies.
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Kidov, A. A., R. A. Ivolga, and T. E. Kondratova. "Age structure of the Japanese treefrog – <i>Dryophytes japonicus</i> (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) in the south of the Primorsky krai (Russian Far East)." Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, no. 2 (July 14, 2024): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2024-2-235-244.

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The article presents the results of age structure studying in a population of the Japanese treefrog (Dryophytes japonicus) by skeletochronology. Animals were caught in the vicinity of Fokino town and Dunay settlement (Primorsky Krai, Russian Federation) in the third decade of July, 2022–2023. Cross sections of a finger’s phalanges were used as a registering structure. To es- timate age, preparations from 59 individuals (12 females and 47 males) were used. The body length of females and males was in a range of 29.40–44.80 mm (on average 38.50 ± 5.69) and 34.16–44.16 mm (on average 38.30 ± 2.36), respectively. The age of females and males varied in a range of 1–4 years (on average 2.7 ± 1.3) and 1–5 years (on average 2.2 ± 1.1), respectively. The modal age in females and males was 4 years (41.6 % of all studied individuals) and 1–2 years (63.8 %), respectively. The average age of males and females did not differ statistically significant- ly. Body length depended on age, in both females (r = 0.82, p &lt; 0.05) and males (r = 0.54, p &lt; 0.05). The expectancy longevity in females and males was 4.41 years (S = 0.744) and 3.76 years (S = 0.693), respectively. The growth of males stops after reaching puberty. Females continue to grow after maturation; that is why the most adult individuals are the largest ones. The growth rate coefficient (k) was higher in males (2.22) than in females (0.89). The authors note that in the south of the Primorsky Krai, D. japonicus is characterized by the minimum age of puberty and life longevity among all studied populations.
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49

Park, Jun-Kyu, and Yuno Do. "Wind Turbine Noise Behaviorally and Physiologically Changes Male Frogs." Biology 11, no. 4 (2022): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11040516.

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As the advantages of wind energy as an eco-friendly strategy for power generation continue to be revealed, the number of offshore wind farms also increases worldwide. However, wind turbines can induce behavioral and physiological responses in animals by emitting various types of noises. In this study, we investigated the behavioral, physiological, and immunological responses of male Japanese tree frogs (Dryophytes japonicus) when exposed to wind turbine noise. To determine the effects during the breeding season, frogs were collected from areas with and without wind turbines. Additionally, we exposed the frogs to recorded wind turbine noise at a site without a wind generator for 1 h to 24 h to analyze the short-term effects. Three types of calling patterns (dominant frequency, note duration, and call rate) were analyzed to investigate behavioral responses. Physiological responses were assessed using two steroid hormones assays, namely testosterone and corticosterone detection in the saliva. The immunity of each individual was assessed using a bacterial killing assay. The wind turbine group in the field had a higher call rate and corticosterone levels and lower immunity than the group in the field without turbines present, and all three of these variables were correlated with each other. Conversely, in the noise exposure experiment, a higher call rate was only observed post-exposure compared to pre-exposure. Thus, turbine noise seems to induce decreased immunity in Japanese tree frogs as an increase in energy investment that triggers a behavioral response rather than acting as a sole physiological response that leads to a direct increase in corticosterone. This decreased immunity due to energy tradeoff or physiological response can change the disease epidemiology of the population and create new adaptive patterns in these habitats.
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50

Hong, Yue-Huan, Ya-Ni Yuan, Ke Li, et al. "Differential Mitochondrial Genome Expression of Four Hylid Frog Species under Low-Temperature Stress and Its Relationship with Amphibian Temperature Adaptation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (2024): 5967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115967.

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Extreme weather poses huge challenges for animals that must adapt to wide variations in environmental temperature and, in many cases, it can lead to the local extirpation of populations or even the extinction of an entire species. Previous studies have found that one element of amphibian adaptation to environmental stress involves changes in mitochondrial gene expression at low temperatures. However, to date, comparative studies of gene expression in organisms living at extreme temperatures have focused mainly on nuclear genes. This study sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of five Asian hylid frog species: Dryophytes japonicus, D. immaculata, Hyla annectans, H. chinensis and H. zhaopingensis. It compared the phylogenetic relationships within the Hylidae family and explored the association between mitochondrial gene expression and evolutionary adaptations to cold stress. The present results showed that in D. immaculata, transcript levels of 12 out of 13 mitochondria genes were significantly reduced under cold exposure (p &lt; 0.05); hence, we put forward the conjecture that D. immaculata adapts by entering a hibernation state at low temperature. In H. annectans, the transcripts of 10 genes (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L, ND5, ND6, COX1, COX2 and ATP8) were significantly reduced in response to cold exposure, and five mitochondrial genes in H. chinensis (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4L and ATP6) also showed significantly reduced expression and transcript levels under cold conditions. By contrast, transcript levels of ND2 and ATP6 in H. zhaopingensis were significantly increased at low temperatures, possibly related to the narrow distribution of this species primarily at low latitudes. Indeed, H. zhaopingensis has little ability to adapt to low temperature (4 °C), or maybe to enter into hibernation, and it shows metabolic disorder in the cold. The present study demonstrates that the regulatory trend of mitochondrial gene expression in amphibians is correlated with their ability to adapt to variable climates in extreme environments. These results can predict which species are more likely to undergo extirpation or extinction with climate change and, thereby, provide new ideas for the study of species extinction in highly variable winter climates.
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