Academic literature on the topic 'DS3231'

Perkembangan pada zaman ini semakin meningkat, manusia mengharapkan sebuah alat atau teknologi yang dapat membantu pekerjaan manusia, sehingga teknologi menjadi kebutuhan manusia. Alat penyiram tanaman otomatis bertujuan untuk menggantikan penyiraman manual menjadi otomatis sesuai waktu yang diinginkan oleh pengguna, adapun manfaat yang didapatkan dari alat ini adalah dapat mempermudah pekerjaan manusia dalam penyiraman. Alat ini menggunakan RTC (Real Time Clock) DS3231 yang berfungsi mengatur waktu yang diinginkan untuk melakukan penyiraman, sensor soil moisture yang berfungsi mendeteksi tingkat kelembaban tanah, sensor cahaya GY-302 yang berfungsi mengukur tingkat intensitas cahaya matahari lalu mengirim perintah kepada Arduino Nano untuk menghidupkan relay agar pompa dapat menyiram air sesuai kebutuhan tanah secara otomatis tanpa perlu melakukan penyiraman secara manual. Kata Kunci: Arduino Nano, RTC DS3231, Sensor Soil Moisture, Sensor GY-302

ABSTRAK Instrumen monitoring tingkat kekeruhan air dapat dirancang dengan Arduino Uno. Modul turbidity sensor dan modul RTC DS3231 digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kekeruhan air secara real time yang hasil pengukuran tersimpan otomatis di dalam SD card. Instrumen tingkat kekeruhan air ini dapat digunakan dalam pengukuran tingkat kekeruhan air tanpa harus tersambung dengan sumber listrik PLN karena menggunakan baterai dengan kapasitas yang besar yaitu 2200 mAh. Berdasarkan desain yang telah dirancang, terdapat beberapa port pada instrumen seperti connector arduino ke PC, adabtor DC 12 V dan slot SD card. Terdapat dua langkah pengujian diterapkan antara lain pengujian alat untuk dikalibrasi dan pengujian tingkat kesalahan relatifnya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pertama diperoleh persamaan fungsi y = -104,17 x2 + 431,83x + 2 yang digunakan untuk kalibrasi alat sesuai dengan alat standar turbiditimeter 2100. Selanjutnya, melakukan perhitungan kesalahan relatif alat instrumen. Hasilnya, instrumen monitoring kekeruhan air ini dapat mengukur tingkat kekeruhan air pada rentang 50-500 NTU dengan tingkat kesalahan sebesar 1.67%. Kata kunci : Arduino Uno, DS3231, turbidity sensor, real time clock ABSTRACT The instrument for monitoring the level of water turbidity can be designed with the Arduino Uno. The turbidity sensor module and DS3231 RTC module are used to measure the turbidity level of the water in real time. The measurement results are stored automatically in the SD card. This water turbidity level instrument can be used in the field without having to be connected to a PLN electricity source because it uses a battery with a large capacity of 2200 mAh. Based on the design that has been designed, there are several ports on the instrument such as an Arduino to PC connector, adapter of 12 V DC and SD card slot. There are two testing steps applied, including testing to be calibrated and testing its relative error rate. Based on the results of the first test, the equation of the function y = -104.17 x2 + 431.83x + 2 is obtained which is used for calibration of the instrument according to the standard tool of turbiditimeter 2100. The second, calculate the relative error of the instrument. As a result, this water turbidity monitoring instrument can measure the level of water turbidity in the range of 50-500 NTU with an error rate of 1.67%. Keywords—Arduino Uno, turbidity sensor, real time clock, modul RTC DS3231

Telah dirancang sistem penyemprot tanaman otomatis berdasarkan waktu dengan Real Time Clock (RTC) dan sensor ultrasonik serta notifikasi via SMS. Sistem ini berfungsi untuk menyiram tanaman secara otomatis berdasarkan waktu yang telah diatur pada program dan sistem akan memberikan informasi kepada pengguna saat air dalam wadah habis. Sistem terdiri dari RTC DS3231 sebagai penghitung waktu, satu buah relai sebagi saklar, pompa air mini untuk menyemprot tanaman, sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 untuk mendeteksi ketinggian air, GSM SIM 800L untuk mengirim SMS sebagai peringatan kepada pengguna dan LCD untuk menampilkan jarak dan waktu. Sistem ini bekerja berdasarkan waktu sedemikian rupa sehingga pompa air hidup pada saat pukul 08.00 WIB dan pukul 17.00 WIB. Pada waktu yang sama ketinggian air dalam wadah dideteksi sensor ultrasonik, jika jarak air dengan sensor 25 cm maka peringatan kepada pengguna berupa SMS “air hampir habis” dikirim oleh GSM. Berdasarkan hasil uji sistem jarak GSM yang digunakan dengan lokasi penerima SMS tidak berpengaruh, rata- rata waktu yang didapatkan untuk lima variasi jarak pengiriman yaitu 7,876 s, 8,646 s, 8,824 s, dan 8,676 s. Sistem penyiram tanaman otomatis ini dikontrol dengan modul Arduino Uno.Kata kunci: Arduino Uno, GSM SIM 800L, RTC DS3231, Sistem penyemprot otomatis, Ultrasonik HC-SR04.

Abstrak—Proses penetasan terbagi dua yaitu proses penetasan alami (menggunakan indukan), dan proses penetasan buatan ( menggunakan mesin tetas). Jika hanya mengandalkan penetasan alami persentase keberhasilan telur yang menetas hanya sekitar 50% - 60%. Kegagalan ini dapat disebabkan karena kondisi lingkungan yang tidak stabil dan dapat mengakibatkan embrio didalam telur tidak berkembang dengan sempurna. Untuk itu dibuatlah mesin penetas telur otomatis dengan pengontrolan suhu dan kelembaban yang dikontrol langsung oleh Arduino uno dengan menggunakan sensor DHT11 sebagai sensor utama dan RTC DS3231 sebagai counter waktu penetasan telur, dan waktu berputarnya telur serta LCD Keypad shield 16x2 sebagai penampil menu dan mode, dan juga sebagai input data suhu dan kelembaban pada menu custom. Tujuan dari penelitian ini agar dapat menetaskan telur dengan tingkat keberhasilan yang tinggi. Mesin penetas telur otomatis ini menggunakan lampu pijar sebagai penghasil suhu dan humidifier sebagai alat pelembab udara yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan kelembaban yang dibutuhkan telur yang dikontrol langsung oleh Arduino uno. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode perancangan dan metode eksperimen mesin penetas telur. Hasil penelitian ini adalah rancang bangun mesin penetas telur otomatis menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino uno. Pada pengujian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan telur ayam pada set point suhu : 37 – 38 °C dengan kelembaban yaitu 55 – 60 %, diperoleh hasil dengan persentase yaitu sekitar 98%. Kata Kunci—Mikrokontroller, sensor DHT11, RTC DS3231, humidifier, Suhu dan kelebaban

<em>Permasalahan penting untuk diperhatikan dalam beternak ayam broiler adalah pakan dan kualitas udara didalam kandang. Yaitu bagaimana cara agar peternak bisa mengetahui kadar gas amonia dalam kandang dan pemberian pakan teratur agar ayam pada masa brooding mendapat nutrisi pakan di jam yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem kontrol kualitas udara dan otomatisasi dalam pemberian pakan ayam pada masa brooding. Pengukuran kadar gas amonia menggunakan sensor MQ-135, pengukuran suhu menggunakan sensor DHT11 dan otomatisasi pemberian pakan menggunakan sensor RTC DS3231. Data sensor akan di olah menggunakan mikrokontroller Wemos D1 R1 kemudian dikirimkan pada aplikasi android melalui jaringan internet menggunakan firebase database realtime sehingga dapat diakses dimanapun dan kapanpun.</em>

Makalah ini membahas pengembangan sistem otomatisasi ruangan pada kontrol pintu dan presensi kuliah untuk menambah keamanan ruangan. Sistem ini terintegrasi dengan aplikasi web dan menggunakan papan Arduino Mega 2560 sebagai pusat kontrol sistem. Sistem ini menggunakan RFID MFRC522 sebagai alat komunikasi dua arah dengan kartu RFID dan pembaca, modul ethernet shield sebagai penghubung ke jaringan internet, solenoid sebagai pengunci pintu, LCD untuk penampil notifikasi, serta RTC DS3231 sebagai pewaktu. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan, sistem mampu mencocokkan kartu tag dosen dengan data jadwal pada basis data dan mencocokkan kartu tag mahasiswa dengan data mahasiswa di mata kuliah yang terjadwal pada basis data. Jadwal akses ruang sesuai dengan jadwal kuliah yang dapat diatur melalui aplikasi web. Selain dari itu, pada aplikasi web yang dibangun dapat mengolah data presensi, jadwal, mata kuliah, mahasiswa, dosen dan kelas. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, pembacaan kartu RFID dapat dilakukan sampai jarak 4 cm. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah sistem otomasi pintu berbasis RFID dan Arduino yang terintegrasi dengan sistem database berbasis web. This paper presenst an automation systems for controling the door’s room and lecture attendance which can enhance room security. This study build a college room control system integrated with a web application. This system uses the Arduino Mega 2560 board as the control center of the system. Furthermore, we used RFID MFRC522 as a two-way communication device with an RFID tag card and reader, an ethernet shield module that providing internet access to the network, a solenoid as a door lock, LCD for notification display, and RTC DS3231 as a timer. This system can control door access and attendance automation, and send the data to web application. The application can match the lecturer tag cards with his scheduled in the database and match students' tag cards with their data in scheduled courses. The room access schedule is in accordance to the class schedule, which can be arranged via the web application. The web application can process attendance data, schedules, courses, students, lecturers, and classes. The system can read the RFID tags up to a distance of 4 cm.

Today's school bell technology has been transformed into an electricity-based school bell. An electric school bell is a technology that replaces school bells by hitting them to become a button based school bell to ring it. The purpose of this study is to build an automatic school bell scheduling system that is integrated with the ATMega328P microcontroller as a data processor, RTC (Real Time Clock) as a timer, Bluetooth as a liaison to smartphones to change subject schedules, and PAM8403 as a sound amplifier applicator that is connected to DFPlayer and Speaker. The system circuit is built using the microcontroller module ATMega328P, RTC DS3231 (Real Time Clock), Bluetooth HC05, DFPlayer, PAM8403. This research resulted in an automatic school bell scheduling system based on RTC using a microcontroller ATMega328P

Monitoring of cardiac signals is very important for patients with heart disease. The detection of the ECG signal that is carried out for twenty hours will help the doctor to diagnose heart disease. The purpose of this study was to develop a portable ECG monitoring system and cost as it is called a Holter monitor. The main design of ECG module consists of the AD8232, DS3231 RTC module, Arduino microcontroller, and SD card memory. ECG signals are collected from the body of a standard measurement based LEAD II .. To record the raw data from the ECG signal, SD card memory is used to store data for further data analysis. Calibration is performed using a phantom ECG. This is done to make the design results are in accordance with the standard ECG machine.

Penerapan teknologi Internet Of Thing (IoT) telah berkembang pesat, baik digunakan untuk aplikasi di industri maupun rumah tangga. Dengan penerapan teknologi IoT, peralatan listrik rumah tangga dapat dikendalikan secara otomatis melalui web, baik melalui internet maupun jaringan lokal. Web ini dapat menampilkan pengaturan waktu kapan perangkat dinyalakan dan kapan dimatikan. Pembuatan webserver ini menggunakan modul ESP8266 sebagai mikrokontroller utama. Program HTML dan Javascript diubah dan dimasukkan pada program C++ dengan bantuan aplikasi Arduino IDE. Sistem yang dibuat ini, telah disingkronkan dengan NTP server, sehingga waktu pada sistem ini lebih akurat. Disamping itu, RTC DS3231 juga diintegrasikan dalam sistem sehingga jika jaringan internet tidak ada, RTC ini dapat diandalkan. Hasil pengujian yang didapatkan yaitu webserver telah bekerja dengan baik untuk mengendalikan peralatan rumah tangga. Sistem perhitungan dan konversi tabel waktu menjadi bilangan desimal dan begitu sebaliknya dapat diimplementasikan pada webserver.

<em><span lang="EN-US">Continuous usage of the lamp because it forgot to turn off resulted in electricity costs becoming more expensive. In this regard, a research will be conducted on a switch system that uses a timer to automatically turn on and turn off the electric current. This switch can turn on and turn off the lights automatically with a predetermined time which is controlled by the Atmega328 microcontroller (Arduino UNO R3 DIP). The Relay Module is used as a trigger to turn on and off the switch and also the DS3231 RTC Module as a timer in seconds, minutes and hours. The purpose of making this tool is expected to be able to control the time of the lights, so that the use of lights can be arranged.</span></em>

Улянич, Б. О. Система моніторингу за мікрокліматом в приміщенні на базі платформи Arduino Nano : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 123 "Кoмп’ютepнa iнжeнepiя" / Б. О. Улянич ; керівник роботи С. П. Казнадій ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра iнфopмaцiйниx тa кoмп’ютepниx cиcтeм. – Чернігів, 2021. – 66 с.
Об’єктом розробки дипломної роботи є прилад для відображення даних мікроклімату кімнати та поточної дати. Основу приладу складає платформа Arduino Nano, яка фіксує, обробляє та виводить на дисплей інформацію з датчиків. Arduino – це своєрідне «серце електронного конструктору», зручна та проста платформа для розробки електронних приладів як для починаючих, так і для професіоналів. Програмна частина написана в середовищі розробки «ArduinoIDE» на мові ArduinoС, що являє собою С++ з фреймворком Wiring. За вимір даних мікроклімату приміщення відповідають 2 датчики: BME280 (температура, вологість, атмосферний тиск) та MH-Z19 (рівень вуглекислого газу в повітрі). За відображення даних відповідає рідкокристалічний дисплей 2004, який під’єднується до Arduino за допомогою шини І2С. За відображення поточної дати, після вимкнення живлення приладу відповідає модуль реального часу DS3231. Метою даної роботи є створення приладу для спостереження та сестиматизації даних мікроклімату в приміщенні. За допомогою мікроконтролера можна буде спостерігати та оцінювати графіки коливання температури, атмосферного тиску, вологості та рівня вуглекислого газу, які будуть відображатись на дисплеї. Також по зміні рівня атмосферного тиску можна буде робити прогноз погоди. Світловий індикатор буде сигналізувати про нормальний рівень СО2 (зелений колір) та про високий рівень СО2 (червоний колір). Результатом роботи є реалізація таких можливостей приладу: - Відображення поточного часу, дати, дня тижня. - Відображення температури, атмосферного тиску, вологості, та рівня вуглекислого газу в приміщенні. - Відображення графіків коливання температури, атмосферного тиску, вологості, та рівня вуглекислого газу за годину та за день. - Передбачення погоди. - Світлова індикація про рівень вуглекислого газу. Подальший розвиток проекту можливий шляхом розширення функціональних можливостей (заміна мікроконтролера на більш сучасний, підключення датчиків «Розумний дім» для автоматичного відкриття вікон та провітрювання кімнати при високому рівні СО2, для автоматичного ввімкнення кондиціонеру/опалення/зволожувача для підтримування заданої температури, вологості і т.д.), покращення інтерфейсу (заміна дисплею, вивід та управління за допомогою смартфону).
The object of the thesis is a device for displaying data on the microclimate of the room and the current date. The basis of the device is the Arduino Nano platform, which captures, processes and displays information from sensors. Arduino is a kind of "heart of the electronic designer", a convenient and simple platform for the development of electronic devices for both beginners and professionals. The software part is written in the development environment "ArduinoIDE" on ArduinoC, which is a C ++ language with the Wiring framework. 2 sensors are responsible for measuring the data of the room microclimate: BME280 (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure) and MH-Z19 (level of carbon dioxide in the air). The 2004 LCD is connected to the Arduino via the I2C bus. The DS3231 real-time module is responsible for displaying the current date after the device has been switched off. The purpose of this work is to create a device for monitoring and systematization of microclimate data in the room. With the help of a microcontroller it will be possible to observe and evaluate the graphs of temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity and carbon dioxide fluctuations that will be displayed. It will also be possible to make a weather forecast by changing the level of atmospheric pressure. The indicator light will indicate a low CO2 level (blue), a normal CO2 level (green color) and a high CO2 level (red color). The result is the implementation of the following capabilities of the device: - Display of the current time, date, day of the week. - Display of temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and level of carbon dioxide in the room. - Display graphs of temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and carbon dioxide fluctuations per hour and per day. - Weather forecast. - Light indication of carbon dioxide level. Further development of the project is possible by expanding the functionality (replacement of the microcontroller with a more modern and better, connection of sensors "Smart Home" for automatic opening of windows and ventilation of the room at high CO2, for automatic activation of air conditioning / heating / humidifier to maintain temperature). etc.), improving the interface (replacing the display, output and control using a smartphone). The work has practical value.
The object of the thesis is a device for displaying data on the microclimate of the room and the current date. The basis of the device is the Arduino Nano platform, which captures, processes and displays information from sensors. Arduino is a kind of "heart of the electronic designer", a convenient and simple platform for the development of electronic devices for both beginners and professionals. The software part is written in the development environment "ArduinoIDE" on ArduinoC, which is a C ++ language with the Wiring framework. 2 sensors are responsible for measuring the data of the room microclimate: BME280 (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure) and MH-Z19 (level of carbon dioxide in the air). The 2004 LCD is connected to the Arduino via the I2C bus. The DS3231 real-time module is responsible for displaying the current date after the device has been switched off. The purpose of this work is to create a device for monitoring and systematization of microclimate data in the room. With the help of a microcontroller it will be possible to observe and evaluate the graphs of temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity and carbon dioxide fluctuations that will be displayed. It will also be possible to make a weather forecast by changing the level of atmospheric pressure. The indicator light will indicate a low CO2 level (blue), a normal CO2 level (green color) and a high CO2 level (red color). The result is the implementation of the following capabilities of the device: - Display of the current time, date, day of the week. - Display of temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and level of carbon dioxide in the room. - Display graphs of temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and carbon dioxide fluctuations per hour and per day. - Weather forecast. - Light indication of carbon dioxide level. Further development of the project is possible by expanding the functionality (replacement of the microcontroller with a more modern and better, connection of sensors "Smart Home" for automatic opening of windows and ventilation of the room at high CO2, for automatic activation of air conditioning / heating / humidifier to maintain temperature). etc.), improving the interface (replacing the display, output and control using a smartphone). The work has practical value.

The aim of this master thesis is to propose a system for monitoring and regulating the climate in groups of terrariums using the Raspberry Pi platform and subsequent transparent display through the web server. Each group of terrariums has its own control device that wirelessly communicates with the Raspberry Pi control computer. The measured values are stored in the MySQL database on the control computer. The measured values are graphically displayed on the web page.

The topic of this thesis is the design and realization of a modular Data concentrator for various types of measurements in diverse conditions. The device conception, basic principles, design and functionality are described herein. Also, the lightweight protocol design for radio communication, standardized XML format for data storage and cloud usage are described. The electrical design of the device as well as the design of the printed circuit board was made using the Eagle Autodesk electronic design automation software (Eagle Autodesk EDA). The control software written in C/C++ for a target microcontroller (ESP32-WROOM-32) is based on a FreeRTOS platform and ESP-IDF framework. An IDE for managing this software is Visual Studio Code with PlatformIO extension. Selected and used Cloud Platform is ThingSpeak from Mathworks, which uses certain components from Matlab platform.

Microfinance has attracted, since its inception at the end of the seventies, the attention of many people and institutions, both at academic and donor levels. However, evidence is mixed so far and no definitive conclusion has yet emerged with respect to the positive effects of microfinance, in part because of the great differences among the different microfinance schemes but also because of methodological issues. This work aims to add some further evidence to the impact debate, with three studies in two different rural areas from Bangladesh and India. The first study is based on the second round of a survey in Bangladesh undertaken by the World Bank. A Propensity Score Matching approach was chosen to study the impact of borrowing on household income and expenditures per capita. In this case positive impact can only be seen in extraordinary expenditures, in particular in house extensions and investments in houses and land, but not in current expenditures or food expenditures. The second and third studies analyse a dataset collected in five districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. The former tries to answer the question of whether borrowing from Self- Help groups (SHGs) has any effect on income and income per capita at household level. Pooled ordinary least squares and difference in differences approaches are used to that end. A significant impact is found in this study on income and income per capita. In the last empirical work the main interest is focused on the distributional impact, on the understanding that anti-poverty measures should be focused on households at the bottom tail of income and income per capita distributions. Its analysis is based on quantile regression, with cross sectional and panel data approaches. Distributional impact shows, however, that the poorest might not be benefitting from these interventions as much as better-off or not-so-poor households.

This thesis is concerned with the dynamics and social morphology of resistance to mining in Bangladesh. Using the case of on-going resistance to a government supported open-pit coal mine project proposed by Asia Energy Corporations in Phulbari, Northwest Bangladesh, it considers the resistance within a particular context while investigating how the ideas held by various groups intersect and conflict in developing networks of resistance. Through ethnographic engagement in a particular ‘community', as well as with the activism at the national level, the research attempts to explore how and to what extent the connection and disjuncture of observations and experiences of particular groups shape the resistance movement. The aims of this thesis are two fold. Firstly it expands on anthropological accounts of social movements' rootedness in patterns of daily life. As such I examine how local resistance to mining initiatives emerges in specific contexts and around such located concerns that often remain unexpressed in the public discourse of protests. I show how resistance builds around anxieties of losing ‘home' and accompanying rights and claims. Secondly, this research contributes to the anthropological analysis of ‘connection' and ‘network' in this ‘global' era. Through an ethnographic study of the resistance movement against mining I show how the movement's network is not a smooth integration of groups and actors; tension and ambiguity is central to it. I look at the ways in which friction of disparate ideas attached to different level of analysis, i.e. ‘local', ‘national' and ‘universal', pave way for the formation of tentative alliances as the differential observations come to fit into the common discourses of protest.

The formation of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) in 1981 was perceived by most observers to be a collective security response to the Iran-Iraq war. Despite this view, the group has endured ten years of integration in a turbulent region and has survived: external threats to its sovereignty, Islamic fundamentalism, the decline of oil prices, internal unrest, attempted coups, and the invasion and occupation of a constituent member. This poses the question: has the integration of these countries proved to be a success? This thesis attempts to answer this question with the aid of a three dimensional analysis. The first dimension examines the theory and practice of integration. Its primary objective is to provide an insight into integration. As the GCC can, at best, be categorised as a Customs Union, this chapter concentrates on Free Trade Areas and Customs Union theories and explores their relationships with tariffs, protectionism, developing countries, and politics. A review of the empirical analyses in the field is essential due to the fact that a mathematical technique is applied to GCC trade in the latter part of this thesis. The existence of political, economic and manpower factors are found to be more detrimental to the GCC's interests than its adherence or convergence to the theory and practice of integration. An analysis of these three factors constitutes the second dimension of the thesis. This commences by examining the Islamic antecedents of the member countries, pan-Islamism and nationalism in the 19th century, and Middle Eastern efforts at integration from the decline of the Ottoman Empire to the present. The establishment of the existing GCC nations and an examination of their natural resources, demography, industry, infrastructure, agriculture, and fisheries is covered, as is the impact of the 1990-91 occupation of Kuwait and the BCCI liquidation. A review of manpower factors includes an examination of the labour market in the pre and post 1973 period with emphasis given to the role of expatriate and indigenous labour. In addition, the influence of education, women in the workforce, nationality, and residence policies on indigenous labour is discussed. The third dimension reviews the prospects of the GCC. This is performed through the construction and utilisation of matrices which examine the similarity or dissimilarity of GCC trade to the World, Developed and Developing Countries. United Nations Standard Industrial Trade Category (SITC) data up to 3-digits, has been used to construct twenty seven 22 x 22 matrices. Nine of these matrices indicate GCC trade with the Rest of the World and are linked to economic and financial literature on the Gulf in order to examine their credibility. Eighteen matrices which indicate trade with the Developing and Developed World indentify potential trade creation, trade diversion and prospects. It is the conclusion of the thesis that the GCC has not succeeded in its integration efforts. The lack of co-ordination to perform as a single unit in economic, political, and military areas, the undemocratic political systems, the exploitation of expatriate labour, the segregation of indigenous labour, and most importantly, the wasted opportunities indicated by the matrices of greater trade creation with the Developed and Developing Countries contribute significantly to the ineffectiveness of the group.

This thesis investigates the way that second generation British Indian Bengali middle class, predominantly Hindu respondents, have attempted to communicate their “modern” middle class respectability through their social practices, work and lifestyles. In their reproduction of this respectability, they attempt to distance negative British South Asian stereotypes prevalent in the media, work institutions and in day-to-day life; sometimes to the extent of ‘othering' other South Asians generally or British Bangladeshi Muslim Sylhetis specifically. Second generation's adaptive responses to racism and stigmatised stereotypes prevalent in British society also reaffirms the British Indian Bengali's presumptions of their ethnic distinctiveness and justifying homogenising racist stereotyping of these ‘other' South Asian groups. This thesis examines several aspects of their lives that are affected by these distinguishing tactics, through: presentation of their ethnicity; middle class identity; position of women within “the community”; ideas of love and romance and “type” of marriage. Additionally, there is an examination of how the second generation are increasingly challenging the assertion that all South Asians are primarily driven by ethnicity, religion and regional-language markers in their search for a marriage partner. Marriage trends amongst British Indian Bengalis are showing distinct moves away from finding a partner through ascribed statuses. Likewise, the second generation in their social interaction also exhibit a weaker sense of identification with their regional-language groups.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
自動化科技研究所
97
This thesis proposes a high speed and high accuracy inspection system of small outline package (SOP) IC based on stereo vision. This system can efficiently measure the following specifications of an inspected IC: lead pitch, lead spread, lead sweep, lead stand off, and lead coplanarity. In the presented literatures, the techniques of blob analysis and mass of center based on 2D images are employed to inspect the leads of a SOP IC. This thesis proposes a novel IC lead inspection system based on stereo vision and the subpixel algorithm to fit the high speed and high accuracy requirement. This inspection system includes two stages: 1) image calibration from 2D to 3D image, 2) IC lead inspection. In the first stage, the algorithms of Harris corner detector and robust corresponding point are firstly applied to capture the features in the pair of 2D images. Then, the mapping function with penalty is used to improve the speed and accuracy of image calibration from 2D to 3D image. In the second stage, we use the same algorithms to capture the features of the inspected IC in the pair of 2D images. The 3D information will be calculated by the transform matrix obtained in the first stage. Then the specifications of lead pitch, lead spread, lead sweep, and lead stand off can be easily measured by the IC’s geometry and the corresponding 3D information. In the other hand, we used the heuristic algorithm to replace the traditional algorithm to quickly measure the coplanarity. The proposed inspection system has been evaluated by many experiments to verify the repeatability and accuracy.

碩士
東吳大學
法律學系
100
With the increase of conflict between cultural protection and free trade in WTO system, how to balance between economics and culture is the primary task of a WTO member. A WTO member shall rely on the appropriate measures of cultural policy to improve the development of cultural industry by complying with the rules of WTO. The framework of this thesis is to focus on a study on WTO Dispute DS363 China — Measures Affecting Trading Rights and Distribution Services for Certain Publications and Audiovisual Entertainment Products. This dispute concerns China's obligations under the WTO Agreement with respect to goods and services relating to reading materials (e.g. books, newspapers, periodicals, electronic publications), audiovisual home entertainment (AVHE) products (e.g. videocassettes, video compact discs, digital video discs), sound recordings (e.g. recorded audio tapes), and films for theatrical release, and the dispute arises over certain measures that affect (i) the importation into China of relevant goods, (ii) the distribution within China of relevant goods, and (iii) services and service suppliers in relation to certain of the above mentioned products. After studying this dispute, in the light of the rulings provided by DSB in the dispute, to compare and exam the relevant provisions and regulations governing investment, publication and distribution service for publications and audiovisual entertainment products in European Union United Kingdom, France, Germany and Taiwan. Finally, providing proposals to these mentioned relevant provisions and regulations of European Union and Taiwan. A summary of this thesis is as follows: 1. In this thesis, first clarify the purpose of study, using research methods to compare, analyze and conclude this thesis, and then list the whole framework. 2. Second, introducing Understanding on the Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes, Secretary, the organization of dispute settlement body including dispute settlement panels, appellate body and expert review group, and then the detailed procedure of dispute settlement. 3. Starting to illustrate WTO Dispute DS363, including factual background, arguments of the parties, products and service at issues and applicable rules, claims, findings, conclusion and recommendations, to work out rulings of application of Article XX(a) of the GATT 1994 and a proposal of how to successfully apply Article XX(a) of the GATT 1994 to the Accession Protocol, and judgment standard in deciding whether any breach of national treatment. 4. Applying rulings of DS363 to compare and exam the relevant provisions and regulations governing investment, publication and distribution service for publications and audiovisual entertainment products in European Union and its members United Kingdom, France, Germany and Taiwan separately. To see whether there is any breach of specific commitments on trading rights and market access commitments or national treatment under GATS by European Union, United Kingdom, France, Germany and Taiwan by way of examination. 5. Finally, providing proposals to European Union and to the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) between the government of the People’s Republic of China (China) and the Republic of China (Taiwan) in accordance with findings of DS363, and a proposal to loosen domestic relevant restrictions against the China to improve cultural communication between China and Taiwan.

III.2.1United States—Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products. Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the United States / Second Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Mexico (WT/DS381/AB/RW/USA, WT/DS381/AB/RW2), Appellate Body Report circulated on 14 December 2018, adopted on 11 January 2019...

Abstract A 3D surface seismic data acquisition project was conducted simultaneously with 3D DAS-VSP data acquisition in one well in Jilin Oilfield of Northen China. The 3D surface seismic data acquisition project covered an area of 75 km2, and one borehole (DS32-3) and an armoured optical cable with high temperature single mode fiber were used to acquire the 3D DAS-VSP data simultaneously when the crew was acquiring the 3D surface seismic data. The simultaneously acquired 3D DAS-VSP data were used to extract formation velocity, deconvolution operator, absorption, attenuation (Q value), anisotropy parameters (η, δ, ε) as wel as enhanced the surface seismic data processing including velocity model calibration and modification, static correction, deconvolution, demultiple processing, high frequency restoration, anisotropic migration, and Q-compensation or Q-migration. In this project, anisotropic migration, Q-migration was conducted with the anisotropy parameters (η, δ, ε) data volume and enhanced Q-field data volume obtained from the joint inversion of both the near surface 3D Q-field data volume from uphole data and the mid-deep layer Q-field data volume from all available VSP data in the 3D surface seismic surveey area. The anosotropic migration and Q-migration results show much sharper and focussed faults and and clearer subsutface structure.