To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: DSm Theory.
Journal articles on the topic 'DSm Theory'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'DSm Theory.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Natoli, Adam P. "The DSM’s Reconnection to Psychoanalytic Theory through the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 67, no. 6 (2019): 1023–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065120903060.
Full textAbstract:
Often believed to have Kraepelinian origins, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—5th Edition (DSM-5) defines personality disorders using a categorical, hierarchical taxonomic system. This system possesses many long-standing problems for clinical practice, including a large assortment of symptom combinations that contribute to problematic heterogeneity and likely impair diagnostic validity. The DSM diagnostic system was at one time heavily influenced by psychoanalytic theory (Shorter 2005). A desire for greater theoretical neutrality then encouraged a shift away from psychoanalytic theory, resulting in the problematic atheoretical model of personality pathology introduced in DSM-III (1980) and still used today. The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), introduced in DSM-5 (2013), is an attempt to reconcile many of the categorical model’s issues and directly parallels primary themes that characterize psychoanalytic models of personality. After a review of the historical development of DSM, three current systems for diagnosing personality pathology—the DSM-5’s categorical model (2013), its AMPD (2013), and the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (2nd ed.; Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations 2017) are compared. The comparison illustrates how the AMPD brings psychoanalytic theory back into the DSM system and acknowledges the implications of a more psychoanalytic DSM.
2
Eto, J., S. Stoft, and S. Kito. "DSM shareholder incentives: recent designs and economic theory." Utilities Policy 7, no. 1 (1998): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-1787(98)00035-6.
Full text
3
Obirikorang, Yaa, Emmanuel Acheampong, Enoch Odame Anto, et al. "Nexus between constructs of social cognitive theory model and diabetes self-management among Ghanaian diabetic patients: A mediation modelling approach." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 7 (2022): e0000736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000736.
Full textAbstract:
The promotion of Diabetes Self-Management (DSM) practices, education, and support is vital to improving the care and wellbeing of diabetic patients. Identifying factors that affect DSM behaviours may be useful to promote healthy living among these patients. The study assessed the determinants of DSM practices among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using a model-based social cognitive theory (SCT). This cross-sectional study comprised 420 (T2DM) patients who visited the Diabetic Clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi-Ghana. Data was collected using self-structured questionnaires to obtain socio-demographic characteristics, T2DM-related knowledge, DSM practices, SCT constructs; beliefs in treatment effectiveness, level of self-efficacy, perceived family support, and healthcare provider-patient communication. Path analysis was used to determine direct and indirect effects of T2DM-related knowledge, perceived family support, and healthcare provider service on DSM practices with level of self-efficacy mediating the relationships, and beliefs in treatment effectiveness as moderators. The mean age of the participants was 53.1(SD = 11.4) years and the average disease duration of T2DM was 10 years. Most of the participants (65.5%) had high (>6.1mmol/L) fasting blood glucose (FBG) with an average of 6.93(SD = 2.41). The path analysis model revealed that age (p = 0.176), gender (p = 0.901), and duration of T2DM (p = 0.119) did not confound the relationships between the SCT constructs and DSM specified in the model. A significant direct positive effect of family and friends’ support (Critical ratio (CR) = 5.279, p < 0.001) on DSM was observed. Self-efficacy was a significant mediator in this relationship (CR = 4.833, p < 0.001). There were significant conditional indirect effects (CIE) for knowledge of T2DM and family and friends’ support at medium and high levels of belief in treatment effectiveness (p < 0.05) via level of self-efficacy on DSM practices. However, no evidence of moderated-mediation was observed for the exogenous variables on DSM. Diabetes-related knowledge of T2DM, family and friends’ support, level of self-efficacy, and belief in treatment effectiveness are crucial in DSM practices among Ghanaian T2DM patients. It is incumbent to consider these factors when designing interventions to improve DSM adherence.
4
Cooper, Rachel. "Understanding the DSM-5: stasis and change." History of Psychiatry 29, no. 1 (2017): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x17741783.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to understand the DSM-5 through situating it within the context of the historical development of the DSM series. When one looks at the sets of diagnostic criteria, the DSM-5 is strikingly similar to the DSM-IV. I argue that at this level the DSM has become ‘locked-in’ and difficult to change. At the same time, at the structural, or conceptual, level there have been radical changes, for example in the definition of ‘mental disorder’, in the role of theory and of values, and in the abandonment of the multiaxial approach to diagnosis. The way that the DSM-5 was constructed means that the overall conceptual framework of the classification only barely constrains the sets of diagnostic criteria it contains.
5
Sharp, Carla, Lynne Steinberg, Jared Michonski, et al. "DSM Borderline Criterion Function Across Age-Groups: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Method Study." Assessment 26, no. 6 (2018): 1014–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191118786587.
Full textAbstract:
DSM-5 ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) Section II criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) lack developmental operationalization. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether DSM criteria operate similarly across adolescents and adults to determine if developmental adjustment for DSM criteria was needed. Three age cohorts were recruited: adolescents (ages 12-17 years; n = 484), young adults (ages 18-25 years; n = 442), and adults (ages ≥26 years; n = 953). The Child Interview for DSM-IV BPD and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders were administered to adolescents and adults, respectively. Item response theory methods were used to evaluate differential item (or criterion) functioning (DIF) of BPD criteria across adolescents and adults. Qualitative analyses were then used to evaluate the potential sources of DIF. Item response theory results demonstrated DIF across adolescents and adults for all DSM BPD criteria. Qualitative analyses suggested that the source of DIF was most likely due to rater/interviewer bias. Results furthermore suggested that behavioral criteria may represent the heterotypic features of BPD, while intra- and interpersonal criteria represent the homotypic features of the disorder. The article concludes with recommendations for developmentally informed guidelines for the assessment of BPD.
6
Shen, Xin, Jianlin Tang, Yijing Zhang, et al. "Dynamic Evolution Game Strategy of Government, Power Grid, and Users in Electricity Market Demand-Side Management." Mathematics 12, no. 20 (2024): 3249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12203249.
Full textAbstract:
In the process of promoting demand-side management, the core stakeholder groups are government departments, power grid companies, and electricity users. Due to the different positions and conflicting interests of the three parties in the game, intense and complex battles will occur. This paper investigates a tripartite evolutionary game involving government, power grid companies, and electricity users in the context of demand-side management (DSM) and analyzes the dynamic interactions between government departments, power grid companies, and electricity users within the framework of DSM using evolutionary game theory. Using evolutionary game theory, we explore how incentives and strategic interactions among these three stakeholders evolve over time, affecting the stability of DSM policies. The model addresses the asymmetry in the decision-making process and examines the dynamic equilibrium outcomes under various scenarios. The results provide insights into the optimal design of incentive mechanisms to enhance DSM adoption. The findings offer practical recommendations to improve DSM policies, fostering balanced interests between government, grid companies, and users. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of strategic interactions in DSM, revealing how adaptive behaviors can enhance energy efficiency. It also underscores the importance of carefully designed incentive mechanisms in achieving long-term stability and cooperation among key stakeholders.
7
Zhu, Yiping, and Zan Zhou. "Research on Power Demand Side Information Quality Indicators and Evaluation Based on Grounded Theory Approach." Information 11, no. 10 (2020): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11100477.
Full textAbstract:
High-quality power demand side information is necessary for scientific decision-making of power grid construction projects. Literature research shows that the current demand side management (DSM) information quality theories and methods need to be improved, and the information quality indicators and evaluation work are essential. In this paper, based on the grounded theory, about 250 copies of relevant literatures and interview records are reviewed. Through open coding, spindle coding, and selective coding, 105 initial concepts are finally extracted to 35 categories and 10 main categories. On this basis, four information dimensions including load extraction, monitoring, management, and government planning are summarized. An index system containing 34 indicators for DSM information quality evaluation on the power demand side is constructed. Finally, using matter-element extension evaluation method, a case study in China is performed to verify the feasibility and scientificity of the indexes. The results show that DSM information quality evaluation indexes are effective, and the evaluation method is also applicable. The establishment of DSM information quality indicators and the evaluation methods in this paper can provide a reference for similar information quality evaluation work in power systems.
8
Park, Won-Kwang. "Theoretical Identification of Coupling Effect and Performance Analysis of Single-Source Direct Sampling Method." Mathematics 9, no. 9 (2021): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9091065.
Full textAbstract:
Although the direct sampling method (DSM) has demonstrated its feasibility in identifying small anomalies from measured scattering parameter data in microwave imaging, inaccurate imaging results that cannot be explained by conventional research approaches have often emerged. It has been heuristically identified that the reason for this phenomenon is due to the coupling effect between the antenna and dipole antennas, but related mathematical theory has not been investigated satisfactorily yet. The main purpose of this contribution is to explain the theoretical elucidation of such a phenomenon and to design an improved DSM for successful application to microwave imaging. For this, we first survey traditional DSM and design an improved DSM, which is based on the fact that the measured scattering parameter is influenced by both the anomaly and the antennas. We then establish a new mathematical theory of both the traditional and the designed indicator functions of DSM by constructing a relationship between the antenna arrangement and an infinite series of Bessel functions of integer order of the first kind. On the basis of the theoretical results, we discover various factors that influence the imaging performance of traditional DSM and explain why the designed indicator function successfully improves the traditional one. Several numerical experiments with synthetic data support the established theoretical results and illustrate the pros and cons of traditional and designed DSMs.
9
Sadovnychiy, S. "Physical modelling of a flight control system." Aeronautical Journal 107, no. 1071 (2003): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000097293.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper deals with the methods of physical modelling of Flight Control Systems (FCS) by means of Dynamically Similar free-flying Models (DSM) for the investigation of stability and controllability of aircraft at subsonic flight speeds. The subsonic flight regime allows us to avoid Mach number similarity considerations. The large scale of the DSM meets autosimilarity of Reynolds numbers, whilst Froude similarity is assured during the development and manufacturing of the DSM. This paper proves the presence of necessary and sufficient conditions of similarity for the FCS of an aircraft, and that of its DSM. The existence of necessary conditions have been proved both mathematically (by means of the π – Theorem from the theory of dimensions), and with equations involving physical quantities. The generalised scale coefficients for transitioning from the FCS’s aircraft gain factors, to those of the FCS of the DSM have been obtained, and it is shown that the coefficients depend only on the linear scale of the DSM.
10
Liu, Bing Feng. "Study on Demand Side Management of Railway Electricity System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.1347.
Full textAbstract:
An index system for evaluating the demand side management (DSM) on railway temporary power system is established in this thesis, and the part weight and the whole weight of the index system are calculated by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The basic theory of fuzzy evaluation is introduced, and the feasibility of applying it to DSM on railway temporary power system is analyzed. Through the establishment of index system, evaluation and comparison to DSM projects can be carried out horizontal and vertical. Then identify gaps and weaknesses, analyze the causes, guide the consciousness of energy conservation and environmental protection, supervised of electricity in an orderly manner, establish DSM long-term management mechanism.
11
Jakubassa-Amundsen, D. H. "An asymptotic DSM theory for high-energy near-tip bremsstrahlung." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 47, no. 7 (2020): 075102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab871e.
Full text
12
Gelhorn, Heather, Christie Hartman, Joseph Sakai, et al. "An Item Response Theory Analysis of DSM-IV Conduct Disorder." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 48, no. 1 (2009): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e31818b1c4e.
Full text
13
JENSEN, PETER S., and KIMBERLY HOAGWOOD. "The book of names: DSM-IV in context." Development and Psychopathology 9, no. 2 (1997): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497002034.
Full textAbstract:
The authors review the constraints of current mental disorder classification systems that rely upon descriptive symptom-based approaches, and weigh the benefits and hazards of these classification and diagnostic strategies. By focusing principally on superficial descriptions of symptoms, current systems fail to address the complex nature of persons' transactions within and adaptations to difficult environments. While attempting to be atheoretical, current systems exclude types of information that may elucidate individuals' functioning across various contexts, often because it is difficult to obtain such data reliably. With current approaches, misdiagnosis is likely, particularly when diagnostic criteria are applied to persons in nonclinical settings. Alternative approaches that take fuller advantage of clinicians' expertise and other forms of clinical data are reviewed, and recommendations are made for the next generation of classification systems. Application of evolutionary theory to psychiatry and psychology, as well as development of a theory and nosology of context in terms of persons' adaptations, are needed to expand our knowledge of normal and abnormal human development and psychopathology.
14
Silverstein, Madison W., Jessica M. Petri, Lindsay B. Kramer, and Frank W. Weathers. "An item response theory analysis of the PTSD checklist for DSM-5: Implications for DSM-5 and ICD-11." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 70 (March 2020): 102190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102190.
Full text
15
Keyes, K. M., R. F. Krueger, B. F. Grant, and D. S. Hasin. "Alcohol craving and the dimensionality of alcohol disorders." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 3 (2010): 629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171000053x.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundICD-10 includes a craving criterion for alcohol dependence while DSM-IV does not. Little is known about whether craving fits with or improves the DSM-IV criteria set for alcohol-use disorders.MethodData were derived from current drinkers (n=18 352) in the 1991–1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES), a nationally representative survey of US adults >17 years of age. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule was used to assess the eleven DSM-IV dependence and abuse criteria, and alcohol craving. Exploratory factor, item response theory, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the psychometric properties and concurrent validity of DSM-based alcohol disorder criteria with the addition of alcohol craving.ResultsThe past 12-month prevalence of craving was 1.3%. Craving formed part of a unidimensional latent variable that included existing DSM-IV criteria. Craving demonstrated high severity on the alcohol-use disorder continuum, resulting in an improved dimensional model with greater discriminatory ability compared with current DSM-IV criteria. Correlates of the diagnosis did not change with the addition of craving, and past 12-month craving was associated with prior alcohol dependence, depression, and earlier age of alcohol disorder onset among those with current DSM-IV alcohol dependence.ConclusionsThe addition of craving to the existing DSM-IV criteria yields a continuous measure that better differentiates individuals with and without alcohol problems along the alcohol-use disorder continuum. Few individuals are newly diagnosed with alcohol dependence given the addition of craving, indicating construct validity but redundancy with existing criteria.
16
Liu, Xiang, Chen Xie, and Han-cheng Dan. "Exact Free Vibration Analysis for Plate Built-Up Structures under Comprehensive Combinations of Boundary Conditions." Shock and Vibration 2020 (March 20, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5305692.
Full textAbstract:
In this research, an exact dynamic stiffness model for spatial plate built-up structures under comprehensive combinations of different boundary conditions is newly proposed. Dynamic stiffness formulations for plate elements with 16 different types of supported opposite edges and arbitrarily supported boundary conditions along other edges are developed, which makes the dynamic stiffness method (DSM) more applicable to engineering problems compared to existing works. The Wittrick–Williams algorithm of the DSM is applied with the explicit expressions of the J0 count for plate elements under all above support conditions. In return, there is no need to refine the element in the DSM, and thus, it becomes immensely efficient. Moreover, the present theory is applied for exact free vibration analysis within the whole frequency range of three built-up structures which are commonly encountered in engineering. The results show that the DSM gives exact results with as much as 100-fold computational efficiency advantage over the commercial finite element method. Besides, benchmark results are also provided.
17
Preuss, U. W., S. Watzke, and F. M. Wurst. "Dimensionality and stages of severity of DSM-5 criteria in an international sample of alcohol-consuming individuals." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 15 (2014): 3303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000889.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction.The DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria proposal contains 11 criteria that include most of the DSM-IV abuse and dependence criteria plus craving. The aims of the current study in a large and international alcohol-consuming sample were to confirm the dimensionality of the DSM-5 AUD criteria and to differentiate grades of severity of DSM-5 AUD in subjects who pass the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic threshold of two criteria.Method.We used the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society on Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ISBRA) Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcohol Use and Dependence dataset. Subjects included in the analyses were aged ⩾18 years and were recruited in five countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Finland and Japan. Assessment of AUD and additional characteristics was conducted using an adapted version of the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS). Dimensionality of the DSM-5 criteria was evaluated using factor analysis and item response theory (IRT) models. The IRT results led to the classification of AUD patients into three severity groups. External validators were used to differentiate statistically across subgroups.Results.A total of 1424 currently drinking individuals were included in the analyses. Factor and IRT analyses confirmed the dimensional structure of DSM-5 AUD criteria. More than 99% of the subjects could be allocated to one of the suggested severity subgroups. The magnitude of the external validators differed significantly across the severity groups.Conclusions.The results confirm the dimensional structure of the proposed DSM-5 AUD criteria. The suggested stages of severity (mild, moderate and severe) may be useful to clinicians by grouping individuals not only in the mild but also in the moderate to severe spectrum of DSM-5 AUD.
18
Zaudig, Michael. "Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 and Beyond (ICD-11)." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (2000): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006736.
Full textAbstract:
“A classification is the reification of an ideological position, of an accepted stand of theory and knowledge. It means creating, defining or confirming boundaries of concepts. These in turn define ourselves, our future and our past…” (Sartorius, 1991). The 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), Chapter V on Mental and Behavioral Disorders (World Healthorganization [WHO], 1992, 1993), and the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) have been adapted to the current clinical and scientific knowledge of mental disorders. Because ICD-10 has adapted the primarily descriptive and criteria-related approach from DSM-111, the general structures of both classifications are quite similar. However, complete congruency between ICD-10 and DSM-IV has not yet been reached.
19
Gilder, David A., Ian R. Gizer, Philip Lau, and Cindy L. Ehlers. "Item Response Theory analyses of DSM-IV and DSM-5 stimulant use disorder criteria in an American Indian community sample." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 135 (February 2014): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.010.
Full text
20
Samoylova, Katarina, and Elena Zamyatina. "Architecture of a software system for designing robust business processes." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 34, no. 2 (2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2022-34(2)-6.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, in order for a company to remain competitive, efficient and attractive to investors it needs to have reliable and threat-resistant business processes. The question of methods for building such business processes remains relevant. This paper proposes a software system, which involves the use of methods and tools of DSM (Domain Specific Modeling), ontological approach, simulation modeling methods, mass service theory, Petri nets. As an example, the logistics process of ship boarding in the port is considered. Software tools implementing simulation modeling and DSM are ANYLOGIC and METALANGUAGE.
21
Krueger, R. F., J. Derringer, K. E. Markon, D. Watson, and A. E. Skodol. "Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 9 (2011): 1879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002674.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundDSM-IV-TR suggests that clinicians should assess clinically relevant personality traits that do not necessarily constitute a formal personality disorder (PD), and should note these traits on Axis II, but DSM-IV-TR does not provide a trait model to guide the clinician. Our goal was to provide a provisional trait model and a preliminary corresponding assessment instrument, in our roles as members of the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Workgroup and workgroup advisors.MethodAn initial list of specific traits and domains (broader groups of traits) was derived from DSM-5 literature reviews and workgroup deliberations, with a focus on capturing maladaptive personality characteristics deemed clinically salient, including those related to the criteria for DSM-IV-TR PDs. The model and instrument were then developed iteratively using data from community samples of treatment-seeking participants. The analytic approach relied on tools of modern psychometrics (e.g. item response theory models).ResultsA total of 25 reliably measured core elements of personality description emerged that, together, delineate five broad domains of maladaptive personality variation: negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism.ConclusionsWe developed a maladaptive personality trait model and corresponding instrument as a step on the path toward helping users of DSM-5 assess traits that may or may not constitute a formal PD. The inventory we developed is reprinted in its entirety in the Supplementary online material, with the goal of encouraging additional refinement and development by other investigators prior to the finalization of DSM-5. Continuing discussion should focus on various options for integrating personality traits into DSM-5.
22
Faraone, S. V., M. Blehar, J. Pepple, et al. "Diagnostic accuracy and confusability analyses: an application to the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 2 (1996): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700034796.
Full textAbstract:
SynopsisThe dominant, contemporary paradigm for developing and refining diagnoses relies heavily on assessing reliability with kappa coefficients and virtually ignores a core component of psychometric practice: the theory of latent structures. This article describes a psychometric approach to psychiatric nosology that emphasizes the diagnostic accuracy and confusability of diagnostic categories. We apply these methods to the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS), a structured psychiatric interview designed by the NIMH Genetics Initiative for genetic studies of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Our results show that sensitivity and specificity were excellent for both DSM-III-R and RDC diagnoses of major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. In contrast, diagnostic accuracy was substantially lower for subtypes of schizoaffective disorder – especially for the DSM-III-R definitions. Both the bipolar and depressed subtypes of DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder had excellent specificity but poor sensitivity. The RDC definitions also had excellent specificity but were more sensitive than the DSM-III-R schizoaffective diagnoses. The source of low sensitivity for schizoaffective subtypes differed for the two diagnostic systems. For RDC criteria, the schizoaffective subtypes were frequently confused with one another; they were less frequently confused with other diagnoses. In contrast, the DSM-III-R subtypes were often confused with schizophrenia, but not with each other.
23
CEBECİ, Ebru Sena. "Somatik Belirti Bozukluğunun Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi İle Tedavisi Üzerine Bir Derleme." International Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 40 (2025): 19–47. https://doi.org/10.52096/qsms.6.12.02.
Full textAbstract:
Somatic symptom disorder is defined as a psychiatric condition characterized by physical complaints that cannot be fully explained by an underlying organic cause, where psychological factors play a prominent role. This disorder significantly impairs individuals’ quality of life and often leads to excessive utilization of healthcare services. Historical changes in DSM classifications demonstrate how the diagnostic criteria for the disorder have evolved over time. DSM-5 approaches somatic symptom disorder with a holistic perspective, emphasizing the central importance of psychological distress in diagnosis. This review addresses the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, and theoretical explanations of somatic symptom disorder. Theoretical approaches such as the psychoanalytic theory, behavioral theory, and object relations theory contribute significantly to the understanding of the disorder’s developmental and psychodynamic aspects. In addition, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) stands out as an effective intervention in the treatment of somatic symptom disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to reduce symptoms by restructuring individuals’ dysfunctional thought patterns and behaviors. Studies in the literature have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy has significant effects in reducing symptom severity and improving quality of life. In this context, structured cognitive behavioral therapy intervention protocols strengthen the collaboration between patient and therapist and support the achievement of long-term positive outcomes. This review aims to provide a guiding resource for both clinicians and researchers by compiling up-to-date knowledge in the literature. Keywords: Somatic symptom disorder, theoretical approaches, DSM-5, cognitive behavioral therapy.
24
Kendler, K. S. "DSM disorders and their criteria: how should they inter-relate?" Psychological Medicine 47, no. 12 (2017): 2054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000678.
Full textAbstract:
While the changes in psychiatric diagnosis introduced by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual third edition (DSM-III) have had major benefits to the field of psychiatry, the reification of its diagnostic criteria and the widespread adoption of diagnostic literalism have been problematic. I argue that, at root, these developments can be best understood by contrasting two approaches to the relationship between DSM disorders and their criteria. In a constitutive relationship, criteria definitively define the disorder. Having a disorder is nothing more than meeting the criteria. In an indexical relationship, the criteria are fallible indices of a disorder understood as a hypothetical, tentative diagnostic construct. I trace the origins of the constitutive model to the philosophical theory of operationalism. I then examine a range of historical and empirical results that favor the indexical over the constitutive position including (i) evidence that individual criteria for DSM-III were selected from a broader pool of possible symptoms/signs, (ii) revisions of DSM have implicitly assumed an indexical criteria-disorder relationship, (iii) the indexical position allows DSM criteria to be wrong and misdiagnose patients while such a result is incoherent for a constitutive model, an implausible position, (iv) we assume an indexical criteria-scale relationships for many personality and symptom measures commonly used in psychiatric practice and research, and (v) empirical studies suggesting similar performance for DSM and non-DSM symptoms for major depression. I then review four reasons for the rise of the constitutive position: (i) the ‘official’ nature of the DSM criteria, (ii) the strong investment psychiatry has had in the DSM manual and its widespread use and success, iii) lack of a clear pathophysiology for our disorders, and (iv) the absence of informative diagnostic signs of minimal clinical importance. I conclude that the constitutive position is premature and reflects a conceptual error. It assumes a definitiveness and a literalism about the nature of our criteria that is far beyond our current knowledge. The indexical position with its tentativeness and modesty accurately reflects the current state of our field.
25
Jakubassa-Amundsen, D. H. "The DSM theory for tip electron-atom bremsstrahlung at 5−500 MeV." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 162 (September 2019): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.04.049.
Full text
26
Hoogenhout, Michelle, and Susan Malcolm-Smith. "Theory of mind in autism spectrum disorder: Does DSM classification predict development?" Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 8, no. 6 (2014): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.02.005.
Full text
27
Shan, Quan, and Yan Chen. "Harmony Search Algorithm and its Application to Product Module Identification." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 1100–1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.1100.
Full textAbstract:
Point to product module identification, a new optimization method is proposed in this paper. This approach uses the harmony search (HS) algorithm with the synthesis design structure matrix (DSM). The synthesis DSM thinks a series of property correlations facing the product lifecycle, such as function, geometer, physics, assistant and so on. An optimization function for module identification, based on the axiomatic design theory, is established. This optimization approach, which used HS algorithm, is tested several times and compared with other classical algorithms, such as simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) and genetic algorithm (GA). The result demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approaches.
28
Lin, Wen Guang, Liang Hou, Rong Shen Lai, Na Zhao, and Yong Ming Wu. "Method to Aid Product Innovation by TRIZ, DSM and Patent Knowledge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.825.
Full textAbstract:
For effectively use patents as information resource for aiding product innovation and avoid patent infringement, a method using patent knowledge based on Design Structure Matrix (DSM) and Theory of Innovative Problem Solving (TRIZ) is proposed. First the couple relationship between different components in objective patent of product is analyzed by DSM. Next deep knowledge of component which has least couple relationship with other components and lower restriction of creation is acquired from patent. Last the component is redesigned by TRIZ according to the design requirements. The method is illustrated by the innovation design of an ATV with shock-absorption function.
29
Sanderson, William C., and Simon A. Rego. "Empirically Supported Treatment for Panic Disorder: Research, Theory, and Application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 14, no. 3 (2000): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.14.3.219.
Full textAbstract:
In this article we review the DSM-IV criteria for Panic Disorder (PD), provide a brief overview of the cognitive model of PD, discuss empirically supported treatment components, and review pivotal experiments examining cognitive behavioral therapy for PD. A case example is also included to illustrate the application of treatment components.
30
Hemsley, Christine. "Why this trauma and why now? The contribution that psychodynamic theory can make to the understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder." Counselling Psychology Review 25, no. 2 (2010): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2010.25.2.13.
Full textAbstract:
Although trauma and its consequences have long been recognised, the understanding of the associated emotions and symptoms is a relatively recent development (Shea & Zlotnick, 2002). Indeed, the first appearance of trauma in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manualof Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980 is confirmation of this fact. This paper discussesthe categorisation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)as outlined within DSM-IV-TR;recommendations by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2005) guidelines; and then situate this within an exploration of psychodynamic interventions that relate to the treatment of PTSD. My work with one particular client will be explored, although some details have been altered to ensure anonymity
31
Dai, Yeming, and Yan Gao. "Real-Time Pricing Decision Making for Retailer-Wholesaler in Smart Grid Based on Game Theory." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/708584.
Full textAbstract:
Real-time pricing DSM (demand side management) is widely used to dynamically change or shift the electricity consumption in the smart grid. In this paper, a game decision making scheme is proposed in the smart grid with DSM. The interaction between two retailers and their wholesaler is modeled as a two-stage game model. Considering the competition between two retailers, two different game models are developed in terms of the different action order between retailers and their wholesaler. Through analyzing the equilibrium revenues of the retailers for different situations we find that although the wholesaler expects to decentralize certain management powers to the retailers, it has retained the right to change the rules of the game and frequently reneged on the promises. More specifically, the law should ensure that any change of the revenue-sharing formula must go through certain legal procedures. Imposing legal restrictions on the wholesaler’s discretionary policy suggests that the time-inconsistency problem is mitigated. Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of proposed scheme.
32
Phillips, James. "Rethinking Categories and Dimensions in the DSM." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 6 (2020): 663–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper addresses the role of categories and dimensions in the classification of psychopathology. While psychopathology does not sort itself out neatly into natural categories, we do find rough, symptom-based groupings that, through refinement, become diagnostic categories. Given that these categories suffer from comorbidity, uncertain boundaries, and excessive “unspecified disorder” diagnoses, there has been a move toward refining the diagnoses with dimensional measures. The paper traces efforts both to improve the diagnostic categories with validators that allow at least partial validity and to introduce dimensional measures into the diagnostic manual. Drawing from the philosophical pragmatism of Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey, which emphasizes the practical, effect-sensitive consequences of a theory along with an emphasis on empirical evidence and the progressive, probabilistic character of knowledge, the paper argues that these efforts must be guided both by scientific validity and clinical utility.
33
Gelhorn, Heather, Christie Hartman, Joseph Sakai, et al. "Toward DSM-V: An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Diagnostic Process for DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in Adolescents." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 47, no. 11 (2008): 1329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e318184ff2e.
Full text
34
Trimble, Michael. "Anxieties Over the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders." CNS Spectrums 6, no. 11 (2001): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900000912.
Full textAbstract:
Rumor has it that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) is on the way. Apart from giving the American Psychiatric Association an enormous financial boost, this should be an opportunity to improve on some of the terrible intellectual lapses of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Revised (DSM-IV-R), to bring DSM and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) schemes closer together, and to expand on biological and other markers as diagnostic components in the classificatory process. It is hoped that more than the first of these possibilities will be realized.Since the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, (DSM-III), the DSM manuals have brought a measure of good sense to clinical practice and have improved communication among researchers, so that at least in theory schizophrenia is similar on both sides of the Atlantic, and most probably is similar on both coasts of the United States. The slavish adherence to listed criteria has developed a sense of renewed interest in phenomenology of a practical kind, and exclusion criteria mean that not all individuals who visit a psychiatrist's office can be guaranteed a diagnosis. The distinction between Axis 1 and Axis 2 categories and the removal of any psychoanalytic taints was a stunning acceptance of Jaspers pace Freud.
35
De Uribe-Viloria, N., A. Alonso-Sanchez, S. Cepedello Perez, et al. "Body dysmorphic disorder: Classification challenges and variants." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.503.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionThe main feature of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is impairing preoccupation with a physical defect that appears slight to others. Previously, its delusional and nondelusional variants were sorted in two separate categories, but owing to new data suggesting that there are more similitudes than differences between them, DSM-5 now classifies both as levels of insight of the same disorder.ObjectivesTo enunciate the similarities and differences between the two variants of BDD.AimsTo better understand the features and comorbidity of BDD, so as to improve its management and treatment.MethodsTaking DSM-5 and DSM-IV-TR as a reference, we have made a bibliographic search in MEDLINE (PubMed), reviewing articles no older than 5 years that fit into the following keywords: body dysmorphic disorder, delusions, comorbidity, DSM-IV, DSM-5.ResultsBoth the delusional and nondelusional form presented many similarities in different validators, which include family and personal history, pathophysiology, core symptoms, comorbidity, course and response to pharmacotherapy.ConclusionsThe new classification of delusional and nondelusional forms of BDD as levels of insight of the same disorder, which places them closer to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum than to the psychotic one, not only improves treatment options, but also reinforces the theory that delusions are not exclusive of psychotic disorders, setting a precedent for the understanding and classification of other disorders with delusional/nondelusional symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
36
Pilecki, B. C., J. W. Clegg, and D. McKay. "The influence of corporate and political interests on models of illness in the evolution of the DSM." European Psychiatry 26, no. 3 (2011): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.005.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) is an evolving document that serves the many mental health care disciplines as the primary reference guide for classifying mental disorders. While the successive framers of the DSM have attempted to base it on scientific evidence, political and economic factors have also shaped the conceptualization of mental illness. These economic and institutional forces have reinforced the DSM's use of a medical model in understanding psychopathology. Though the scientific evidence for a medical model is mixed and evidence for other types of conceptualizations have been given less attention, the medical model provides for reliable diagnoses that allot diverse benefits to treatment providers and researchers, as well as to the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. This article will outline the development of a medical model of mental illness, highlighting connections between this model and corporate and political interests, and will show how this model relates to the various revisions of, and developments within, the DSM. Such an analysis is especially relevant today as the field looks towards the publication of the newest revision of the DSM and attempts to understand and integrate its proposed changes into current treatment, theory, and research.
37
Li, Xiang, Bo Cheng Zhao, Xue Qing Li, Shen Hua Zhou, Hai Yu Tang, and Zhi Hong Sun. "Innovative Design of Circular Loom Based on Integration of Axiomatic Design and Design Structure Matrix." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.197.
Full textAbstract:
A new kind of three-dimensional (3D) circular loom was advanced. With the help of the integration theory of the Axiomatic Design (AD) and Design Structure Matrix (DSM), the whole system of the 3D circular loom was well designed. It not only can weave nylon yarn and aramid yarn which have good wear-resistance property, but also can weave special fibers without serious damage such as carbon fibers which are fragile. And based on this, one case was used to present the theoretical derivation of compound design matrix AD and DSM. Some schemes of mechanical design were proposed to solve the current problems in the process of carbon fiber weaving.
38
Botha, Derek. "A “GENERAL THEORY OF MENTAL SUFFERING”, AND THE ROLE OF AN INNOVATIVE NARRATIVE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH." Psychological Thought 14, no. 2 (2021): 282–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/psyct.v14i2.572.
Full textAbstract:
This article proposes alternative understandings of certain structuralist informed (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-IIIrd to 5th Eds.) configurations of mental disorders. Life’s negative discourses and the mind’s captive responses present a “general theory of mental suffering” which phenomena are classified as modernist, DSM mental disorders, such as addictions, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Recent research has indicated that the psychedelic drug, psilocybin, has produced safe and effective outcomes for these mental suffering states. In this context, the article draws on the concept of brain plasticity order, firstly, to identify the means for a person to move away from subjection of life’s negative, dominant discourses that “capture” the brain, and then to intentionally move towards more acceptable, preferred, ethical subjectivities. These explanations, using the phenomenon of depression, provide the foundation for further proposals that an innovative form of narrative therapy could be a safe, effective and meaningful approach for persons in relationship with other similar ways of mental suffering, such as, anxiety, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anorexia nervosa.
39
Zhang, Zhi Chuang, Xiao Ping Hu, and Chang Qing Xi. "A DSM-Based Multiple-Domain Modeling of Product Information." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.947.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge cannot be promptly shared is the main problem in current ship design processes. Knowledge sharing depended on complete expression of the product information. Therefore, the project management tool—design structure matrix was applied in ship design. Three domains of design structure matrixes including products, tasks and people were built; three domain mapping matrixes which contain each two of the three fields were built too; finally the multiple-domain matrix including these three domains were built. The models established the theory basis for the development of collaborative design prototype system.
40
Talwariya, Akash, Santosh Kumar Sharma, Pushpendra Singh, and Mohan Kolhe. "GAME THEORY: DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT WITH DG’S AND STORAGE UNITS." International Journal of Technical Research & Science 3, no. 04 (2018): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30780/ijtrs.v3.i3.2018.020.
Full textAbstract:
DSM (Demand side management) is an approach have the objective to make our consumers energy efficient for long term. DSM can be designed to control the electricity consumption of individual users. DSM categorized the load in two groups’ base line load which are constant and uninterruptible loads and interruptible loads which can shift from peak duration to normal duration and their consumption duration is also manageable. Demand side Management for the consumer in the presence of storage units and DG’s is executed by NonCooperative Game Theory. Non-cooperative game theory deals with individual consumers without any cooperation with other consumers and provide the benefit to the active consumers who manage their load from peak hour to normal hour to reduce the PAPCR (peak to average power consumption ratio). DG’s generation is variable depending upon load forecasting and storage units also have some minimum and maximum capacity of storage will manage by machine learning with load forecasting used as learning source and storage units characteristics will manage by non-cooperative game theory. If assume that the energy provider adjudicate the electricity cost with reference to normal peak hour, consumer stop consuming electricity during peak hour and started to sell the electricity to energy provider to enhance their profit and store electricity during low cost hours and introduce a new peak at a different time frame. The system required another game for energy provider to manage the electricity cost on real time bases to stop the generation of new peak and try to minimize the PAPCR and minimize the benefit of the energy provider. Every energy provider and consumer want to earn maximum benefit. A new stackelberg game is introduce to provide maximum benefit to the provider. When a consumer shift their load to newly introduced peak duration, the energy provider will respond and accommodate the electricity price again. In stackelberg game energy provider part as leader and consumer will participate as followers. Objective of the research is to provide maximum benefit to the energy provider and active consumers; 1. INTRODUCTION design a mathematical model through the algorithm of non-cooperative game and stackelberg game for both consumer and energy provider respectively to find out the nash equilibrium between consumer and energy provider. The outcome of the problem will introduce by two defined games non-cooperative game will reduce the cost of electricity for the consumers have storage units and DG’s and manage the load and Stackelberg game will minimize the power to average consumption ratio.
41
Livesley, W. John, and Malcolm West. "The DSM-III Distinction between Schizoid and Avoidant Personality Disorders." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 1 (1986): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100112.
Full textAbstract:
The DSM-III distinction between schizoid and avoidant personality disorders is examined. This distinction derives from Mi/Ion's bio-social learning theory and his interpretation of Kretschmer's personality types. Kretschmer's depiction of schizoid personality emphasizes the ratio between hyperaesthetic and anaesthetic tendencies. It is argued, therefore, that the division of this continuous distribution into two distinct personality disorders is historically inaccurate. Clinical case material is used to illustrate this misconception.
42
Ágoston, Csilla, Róbert Urbán, Mara J. Richman, and Zsolt Demetrovics. "Caffeine use disorder: An item-response theory analysis of proposed DSM-5 criteria." Addictive Behaviors 81 (June 2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.012.
Full text
43
Frosio, Giancarlo. "Reforming the C-DSM Reform: A User-Based Copyright Theory for Commonplace Creativity." IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 51, no. 6 (2020): 709–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-020-00931-0.
Full text
44
Major, J., A. Matúz, B. Gács, and B. Birkás. "Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and DSM-5 Pathological Personality Traits from a Dimensional Diagnostic Approach." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.213.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionIn DSM-5 Section III, the Alternative Model for Personality disorders (AMPD), a dimensional approach for conceptualization and diagnosing complex character problems was introduced. Based on recent findings, AMPD aligns well with the theory of Young’s Schema Therapy (ST). ST seems to offer a valuable clinical framework that complements the empirically based AMPD, which is not built upon a certain theory of psychopathology.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to explore the association between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), DSM-5 pathological personality traits and certain psychological symptoms to gain a better understanding of their relationship and highlight the connection points between AMPD and the theory of ST.MethodsA total of 490 Hungarian participants, including 98 males, took part in the cross-sectional research, with an average age of 26.9 (SD = 9.34). All participants completed the short form of Young’s schema questionnaire (YSQ-S3), the brief form of PID-5 (PID-5 BF) and the revised version of the Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90 R).ResultsResults of a series of hierarchical regression analyses found that all five schema domains were able to predict psychological symptoms and DSM-5 pathological personality traits at a statistically significant level. Moreover, in accordance with our data, specific EMS patterns are associated with different psychological symptoms and pathological personality traits. Ultimately, we identified two EMSs, namely Negativity/Pessimism and Insufficient Self-control, which predicted all of our dependent variables.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the relationship between EMSs and DSM-5 pathological personality traits goes beyond the established fact that EMSs, like any other indicators of personality problems are associated with psychopathological symptoms and traits. This is supported by the fact that we could link specific EMS patterns to the pathological personality traits and psychological symptoms that we investigated. We believe that our results contribute to the clinical utility of AMPD, by assisting the creation of schema profiles tailored to personality pathologies, thereby facilitate the diagnostic process and the development of schema - focused interventions. Furthermore, it seems that the identified EMSs, Negativity/Pessimism and Insufficient Self-control play a special role in relation to pathological personality traits and psychological symptoms and should be considered with particular emphasis in terms of risk group classification and vulnerability.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
45
Rofé, Yacov. "Which Diagnostic Approach Is More Valid? The DSM or the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis." International Journal of Psychological Studies 8, no. 3 (2016): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v8n3p98.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This article challenges the validity of the DSM-III to exclude neurosis, a decision that has led the DSM to become “an expanding list of disease, from a few dozen disorders in the first edition to well over 200” (Grinker, 2010, p. 169; see also Warelow &amp; Holmes, 2011). It points out the unanimous consensus that the best diagnostic approach would be a theory that can account for the development and treatment of certain diagnostic categories and, at the same time, provide measurable criteria that can distinguish them from other behaviors. Accordingly, it shows that a new theory, the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis (RCTN) (Rofé, 2000, 2010, 2016; Rofé &amp; Rofé, 2013, 2015), which despite profound differences is similar to psychoanalysis in several fundamental respects, can offer practical diagnostic criteria that differentiate neurosis from other disorders. Three types of evidence, including a review of research literature, case studies and a new study that directly examined the validity of RCTN’s diagnostic criteria, support the validity of neurosis. The greatest advantage of RCTN’s diagnostic approach is not only is based on empirical evidence instead of the consensus of biased researchers. Rather, their main contribution is that it emerged out of a theory that succeeded to integrate research and clinical data pertaining to the development and treatment of neurosis.</p>
46
Massey, Douglas S. "La racialización de los mexicanos en Estados Unidos: estratificación racial en la teoría y en la práctica." Migración y Desarrollo 06, no. 10 (2008): 65–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/myd.0610.dsm.
Full text
47
Kubarych, Thomas S., Kenneth S. Kendler, Steven H. Aggen, et al. "Comparing Factor, Class, and Mixture Models of Cannabis Initiation and DSM Cannabis Use Disorder Criteria, Including Craving, in the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study." Twin Research and Human Genetics 17, no. 2 (2014): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2014.9.
Full textAbstract:
Accumulating evidence suggests that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic criteria for cannabis abuse and dependence are best represented by a single underlying factor. However, it remains possible that models with additional factors, or latent class models or hybrid models, may better explain the data. Using structured interviews, 626 adult male and female twins provided complete data on symptoms of cannabis abuse and dependence, plus a craving criterion. We compared latent factor analysis, latent class analysis, and factor mixture modeling using normal theory marginal maximum likelihood for ordinal data. Our aim was to derive a parsimonious, best-fitting cannabis use disorder (CUD) phenotype based on DSM-IV criteria and determine whether DSM-5 craving loads onto a general factor. When compared with latent class and mixture models, factor models provided a better fit to the data. When conditioned on initiation and cannabis use, the association between criteria for abuse, dependence, withdrawal, and craving were best explained by two correlated latent factors for males and females: a general risk factor to CUD and a factor capturing the symptoms of social and occupational impairment as a consequence of frequent use. Secondary analyses revealed a modest increase in the prevalence of DSM-5 CUD compared with DSM-IV cannabis abuse or dependence. It is concluded that, in addition to a general factor with loadings on cannabis use and symptoms of abuse, dependence, withdrawal, and craving, a second clinically relevant factor defined by features of social and occupational impairment was also found for frequent cannabis use.
48
Stampfer, Hans G. "“Negative Symptoms”: A Cu Mu Latlve Trauma Stress Disorder?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (1990): 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009062908.
Full textAbstract:
A theory is proposed that “negative symptoms”, which are usually associated with schizophrenia, are manifestations of a traumatic stress disorder that is fundamentally similar in terms of the clinical phenomena and pathophysiological disturbance to chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as defined in DSM-Ill-R. Wider theoretical implications are explored briefly.
49
Johnston, Emily. "Pathologizing the Wounded?: Interrogating the Efficacy of 'Post-traumatic Stress Disorder' in An Era of Gun Violence." Rhetoric of Health and Medicine 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/rhm.2020.1001.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on the 2017 Las Vegas Shooting as a potent example of trauma, this article investigates how classifying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (APA, 2013) shapes cultural understandings of traumatization and survival in an era of gun violence. “PTSD” reproduces colonizing arrangements of power, as elucidated by an activ¬ity theory analysis of the DSM-5, the global authority on psychiatric diagnoses, alongside both diagnostic protocols for PTSD and PTSD discourse in news cov¬erage of the Las Vegas Shooting. This rhetorical approach to the DSM-5 as a complex system of activity exposes conflicting effects: classifying post-traumatic stress as “mental disorder” qualifies traumatized survivors for medical treatment, while also pathologizing the debilitating, long-term trauma that mass shootings can cause. This potential conflict between alleviating and pathologizing suffering shores up an individual or biomedical model of health, in contrast to a public health model oriented around the health of populations, that may shame survivors and commodify their pain.
50
Fatic, Aleksandar. "The intentionality of madness: Checking the cognitive issues in DSM-based diagnosis." Filozofija i drustvo 25, no. 2 (2014): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1402204f.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper I discuss John Searle?s selective view of intentionality of mental states, and place it in the context of impairment to personal identity that occurs in mental illness. I criticize Searle?s view that intentionality characterizes some but not all mental states; I do so both on principled and on empirical grounds. I then proceed to examine the narrative theory of self, advanced by Paul Ricoeur, Marya Schechtman and others, and explore the extent to which the theory fits a more generalized view of intentionality that would apply to all mental states. This discussion is followed by a brief consideration of the way in which the modern DSM-based psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, reductively and mechanistically, dispenses with the issues of ?strong ontology?, namely the life events and values that mental states might in fact reach for, even when ostensibly without reference. In this sense, DSM-inspired psychiatry is based on a Searlian view of mental states. It is contrasted with the narrative theory of self (and therefore also of mental states) which, rather than defining madness by clusters of symptoms, seeks to understand the underlying ontology of reference by looking for both the initial script of the person?s ?life narrative? and for ruptures and knots in that narrative that might give rise to madness. Finally I discuss and evaluate the perspective of personality enhancement through counseling aimed at repairing the personal narrative.