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Knobel, Meyer, Célia Regina Nogueira, and Geraldo Medeiros-Neto. "Genética molecular do hipotireoidismo congênito." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 45, no. 1 (February 2001): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302001000100005.
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O hipotireoidismo congênito (HC) ocorre, mundialmente, em 1/3000-4000 neonatos e pode ser classificado em permanente ou transitório. O HC primário é responsável pela maioria dos afetados, enquanto o secundário e terciário são raros. Nos países iodo-suficientes, a disgenesia tireóidea (DT) é a causa mais freqüente de HC. Os defeitos hereditários da síntese hormonal ocorrem em minoria de crianças portadoras de HC. Fatores ambientais, genéticos e auto-imunes concorrem na etiologia do HC, mas na maioria dos casos de DT a causa é obscura. Atribui-se aos genes envolvidos na ontogenia da glândula tireóidea, como os fatores de transcrição TITF1, TITF2, PAX-8 e receptor de TSH (TSHR), função patogenética na DT. Até o momento não foi descrita anormalidade no gene TITF1 como causa de HC, enquanto foram identificadas mutações no PAX-8 em cinco recém-nascidos com DT. Embora não envolvidas na DT, mutações inativadoras do TSHR podem produzir espectro de defeitos congênitos oscilando entre hipertirotropinemia com eutireoidismo e hipotireoidismo com hipoplasia glandular. A clonagem dos genes envolvidos na biossíntese dos hormônios tireóideos, como o da tireoperoxidase (TPO) e tireoglobulina (Tg), permitiu a identificação de mutações responsáveis por alguns casos de bócio e hipotireoidismo decorrente de defeito de incorporação de iodeto ou anormalidades na síntese de Tg. Recentemente, foi demonstrada a base molecular do defeito de transporte ativo de iodeto e da síndrome de Pendred, respectivamente, devidas a mutações no gene NIS (simportador de sódio e iodeto) e no gene PDS (pendrina). Em conclusão, grande parte dos pacientes com HC e DT não tem esclarecida, ainda, a causa molecular desta síndrome.
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Goulart Silva, Glaura, Patterson Patrício de Souza, Ana Júlia Silveira Mizher, and Marcos A. Pimenta. "Amorphous Structure of Poly(Propylene Glycol) Electrolytes." Materials Science Forum 480-481 (March 2005): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.480-481.273.
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Changes in glass transition and ionic association of PPG/LiClO4 samples with increasing salt concentration have been studied using temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC)and micro Raman spectroscopy, respectively. PPG, of average molar mass of 3000, was used as host for LiClO4 over the range O:Li = 35 – 4. The analysis of the Raman band, obtained at room temperature, associated with the ν1 symmetric stretching mode of ClO4 - anions, shows the presence of ionic association (ion pair) for electrolytes with salt concentration higher than O:Li = 8. The glass transition changes in the electrolytes were investigated using the differential of heat capacity with respect to temperature [dCp/dT], obtained from TMDSC. The analysis of the dCp/dT signal, by fitting with Gaussian curves, showed that there is a glass transition splitting in samples with concentrations higher than O:Li = 16, which indicates the presence of nanoheterogeneities in these amorphous electrolytes. Raman results pemit to affirm that this nanoheterogeneities were associated mainly with solvent separated ion pairs regions of different concentrations, and not with aggregate of ionic species.
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Datt, Ravi, Mangal Bhist, Alok Kothiyal, Rajesh Maithani, and Anil Kumar. "Fluid flow and heat transfer enhancement in wings with combined solid ring twisted tape inserts circular heat exchanger tube." Thermal Science 23, no. 6 Part B (2019): 3893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170613095d.
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Experimental examination is carried out to study the turbulent heat transfer and fluid-flow characteristics in circular heat exchanger tube using combined wing with solid ring twisted tape inserts. A series of experiments has been performed with the range of Reynolds number varied from 3000 to 21000, number of twisted taped inserts, NTT, varied from 1.0 to 4.0 with constant value of other twisted tape parameters such as rings pitch ratio, dR /DT = 1.0, wing pitch ratio, PW /WT = = 3.0, and wing depth ratio, Wd /WT = 1.67. Based on the examined, turbulent heat transfer and fluid-flow in wing with combined solid ring twisted tape inserts results are compared with plain circular tube under same operating conditions. The experimental results show that the heat transfer is increased around 5.66 times than plane circular heat exchanger tube. The thermal and hydrodynamic performance parameter based on equal pumping power, ?p, was found to be highest for NTT = 3.0. The optimum value of thermal and hydrodynamic performance has been found to be 2.74 for Reynolds mumber of 3000 within the range of the parameters investigated. Multiple wings with solid rings twisted tape inserts have been also shown to be thermally as well as hydraulically better in comparison to other similar twisted tape insert geometries.
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Sen, S., S. Mukhopadhyay, J. Wetzel, and T. K. Biswas. "Characterization of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Acta Biochimica Polonica 41, no. 1 (March 31, 1994): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1994_4777.
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The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase was isolated from a protease-deficient yeast strain (PY2), and purified about 3000 fold by a column chromatography on phosphocellulose, heparin-agarose, and single-stranded DNA cellulose. The purified polymerase was characterized with respect to optimal nucleotide concentrations, template-primer specificity and sensitivity to some inhibitors. These results were compared with the nuclear DNA polymerase I activity. Both polymerases showed similar requirement of deoxynucleotide concentrations (Km < 1 microM), and highest activity with poly(dA-dT) template. However, the mtDNA polymerase was more sensitive to ddTTP, EtBr and Mn2+ inhibition in comparison to the nuclear DNA polymerase I. The mtDNA polymerase did not need ATP as an energy source for in vitro DNA synthesis. This mtDNA polymerase preparation also showed 3'-->5' exonuclease activity.
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Rakhmetova, S. Yu, S. P. Radko, O. V. Gnedenko, N. V. Bodoev, A. S. Ivanov, and A. I. Archakov. "Photoaptamer heterodimeric constructs as a new approach to enhance the efficiency of formation of photocrosslinking with a target protein." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 56, no. 1 (January 2010): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20105601072.
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Using two DNA aptamers selectively recognizing anion-binding exosites 1 and 2 of thrombin as a model, it has been demonstrated that their conjugation by a poly-(dT)-linker (ranging from 5 to 65 nt in length) to produce aptamer heterodimeric constructs results into affinity enhancement. The apparent dissociation constant (Kdapp) measured at the optical biosensor Biacore-3000 for complexes of thrombin with the heterodimeric constructs reached minimum values (Kdapp = 0,2-0,4 nМ) which were approximately 30-fold less than for the complexes with the primary aptamers. A photoaptamer heterodimeric construct was designed connecting photoaptamer and aptamer sequences with the poly-(dT)-linker of 35 nt long. The photoaptamer used could form photo-induced cross-links with the exosite 2 of thrombin and the aptamer used could bind to the exosite 1. The measured value of Kdapp for the photoaptamer construct was approximately 40-fold less than that for the primary photoaptamer (5,3 and 190 nM, respectively). Upon exposure to the UV radiation at 308 nm of the equimolar mixtures of thrombin with the photoaptamer construct, the equal yield of the crosslinked complexes was observed at concentrations which were lower by two orders of magnitude than in the case of the primary photoaptamer. It was found that concurrently with crosslinking to thrombin a photo-induced inactivation of the photoaptamer occurs presumably due to formation of the intermolecular crosslinking.
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HORA, H., G. H. MILEY, F. OSMAN, P. EVANS, P. TOUPS, K. MIMA, M. MURAKAMI, et al. "Single-event high-compression inertial confinement fusion at low temperatures compared with two-step fast ignitor." Journal of Plasma Physics 69, no. 5 (September 9, 2003): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377803002320.
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Compression of plasmas with laser pulses in the 10-kJ range produced densities in the range of 1000 times that of the solid state, where however the temperatures within a few hundred eV were rather low. This induced the fast ignitor scheme for central or peripheral deposition of some 10-kJ ps laser pulses on conventional $n_{\rm s}$-precompressed DT plasma of 3000 times solid-state density. We present results where the ps ignition is avoided and only a single-event conventional compression is used. Following our computations of volume ignition and the excellent agreement with measured highest fusion gains of volume compression, we found conditions where compression to 5000 times that of the solid state and by using laser pulses of 10 MJ produce volume ignition with temperatures between 400 and 800 eV only for high-gain volume ignition.
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O'BRIEN, HEATHER, and M. GAIL KOEBKE. "PACKAGING AND WIDE-PULSE SWITCHING OF 4 MM × 4 MM SILICON CARBIDE GTOs." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 19, no. 01 (March 2009): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156409006230.
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The U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is investigating compact, energy-dense electronic components to realize high-power, vehicle-mounted survivability and lethality systems. These applications require switching components that are low in weight and volume, exhibit reliable performance, and are easy to integrate into the vehicles' systems. The devices reported here are 4 mm × 4 mm silicon carbide GTOs rated for 3000 V blocking. These devices were packaged at ARL for high pulse current capability, high voltage protection, and minimum package inductance. The GTOs were switched in a 1-ms half-sine, single-pulse discharge circuit to determine reliable peak current and recovery time (or Tq). The GTOs were repeatedly switched over 300 A peak (3.3 A/cm2 and an action of 60 A2s) with a recovery time of 20 µs. The switches were also evaluated for dV/dt immunity up to an instantaneous slope of 3 kV/ µs.
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Ali, Mohammad Yeakub, A. R. Mohamed, Banu Asfana, Mohamed Lutfi, and M. I. Fahmi. "Investigation of Vibration and Surface Roughness in Micro Milling of PMMA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2187.
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This paper presents the vibration and surface roughness issue of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) workpiece produced by micro end milling using integrated multi-process machine tools DT 110 (Mikrotools Inc., Singapore) with control parameter; spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The vibration was measured using accelerometer, DYTRAN Instrument and the average surface roughness Ra was measured using Wyko NT1100. The optimum solution for minimum average vibration is 64.3 Hz with spindle speed 3000 rpm, feed rate 2 mm/min, and depth of cut 1.5 μm. However, the optimum solution for minimum average surface roughness, Ra is 0.352 μm with spindle speed 2000 rpm, feed rate 2 mm/min, and depth of cut 1.5 μm. The micro end milling parameters are suitable to machine PMMA to get good precision surface roughness. The analysis revealed that the feed rate and depth of cut is the most influential parameter on vibration during machining process meanwhile for average surface roughness, Ra spindle speed is the most influential parameter.
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Rakhmetova, S. Yu, S. P. Radko, O. V. Gnedenko, N. V. Bodoev, A. S. Ivanov, and A. I. Archakov. "Comparative termodynamic analysis of thrombin interaction with anti-thrombin aptamers and their heterodimeric construct." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 56, no. 3 (2010): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20105603404.
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Aptamers interacting selectively with the anion-binding exosites 1 and 2 of thrombin were merged into dimeric oligonucleotide constructs with use of a poly-(dT)-linker of 35 nucleotides (nt) long. Complexes of thrombin with the aptamers and their hetero- and homodimeric constructs were measured using the optical biosensor Biacore-3000. KD values measured for the hetero- and homodimeric constructs were correspondingly 25-30- and 2-3-fold lower than those for the primary aptamers. Analysis of temperature dependencies of KD values within the temperature interval of 10°C-40°C has shown that the values of enthalpy change ΔH upon formation of complexes of thrombin with the aptamers and the hetrodimeric construct are close. The value of the entropy change ΔS upon complex formation of thrombin with the aptamer heterodimeric construct was 1.5-2-fold higher than ΔS values for the complexes with the aptamers. The complex formation and dissociation rates increased with the elevation of temperature from 10°С to 37°С. However, the dissociation rate for the complex of thrombin with the heterodimeric construct was evidently lower that that for the complexes with the aptamers.
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Morera Perilla, Niyer Obed, Diego Mauricio Riaño Peña, and Amanda Silva Parra. "Influencia del uso de carbonato de calcio en la fertilización de Brachiaria decumbens y Brachiaria dictyoneura." Revista Sistemas de Producción Agroecológicos 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22579/22484817.708.
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Este experimento se realizó en una región de clima cálido húmedo con precipitaciones entre 2700 y 3000 mm/año, con suelos ácidos y de baja fertilidad, cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la aplicación de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) y fertilizantes en dos tipos de gramíneas para establecer interacciones entre las propiedades químicas del suelo y producción de forraje. El cálculo de la cantidad de cal a aplicar (dosis total (DT)) se realizó con base en el porcentaje de aluminio tolerable, por lo cual los tratamientos fueron: E1= 0 ton/ha (testigo), E2 = 0.74 ton/ha (1/3 de DT), E3 = 1.49 ton/ha (2/3 de DT) y E4 = 2.24 ton/ha (3/3 de DT) de CaCO3 aplicado en todos los tratamientos después de la recuperación de la pastura a los 45 días. El diseño fue bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial por tipo de gramínea (Brachiaria decumbens y Brachiaria dictyoneura), dosis de cal aplicada (4 enmiendas) y tres componentes de fertilización (N, P, y K), con tres repeticiones para un total de 72 unidades experimentales (2x4x3x3), cada una de 16 m2, factores que se relacionaron con materia orgánica (MO), fósforo (P), pH, aluminio (Al), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), potasio (K) y sodio (Na). Las variables analizadas fueron: producción de forraje verde (FV) y materia seca (MS). El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante ANOVA con significancia del 95%, y comparación de medias con el test de Tukey. El Al intercambiable en B. decumbens aumentó conforme incrementó la dosis de encalado, puesto que en E3 y E4 fue mayor a 2.2 cmolc/kg de suelo; en tanto que con B. dictyoneura la dosis de cal 1/3 del total lo disminuyó siendo menor a 1.98, aunque ambos valores seguían siendo altos en el suelo, indicando que las dosis aplicadas no lograron reducir el exceso de Al, siendo diferentes entre sí (P<0.05). B. decumbens presentó mayor producción de FV y MS que B. dictyoneura (P<0.05), la diferencia entre las producciones de biomasa fresca y seca en ambas especies de pastos, estuvo relacionada con las características propias de las pasturas y la tolerancia de B. decumbens a las condiciones de acidez y poca influencia de los factores limitantes como el exceso de Al; bajo pH y contenido de MO y P. La dosis de cal más alta con urea en E3 mejoró la eficiencia del P disponible en el suelo de las pasturas, igualmente generó una mayor producción de biomasa bajo condiciones de suelos ácidos. Potencializar los factores de producción de B. dictyoneura en la zona sería importante para mejorar su producción, puesto que con esta especie se incrementa la MO, el P disponible, y se reduce el Al intercambiable y el pH; en comparación con B. decumbens, cuando se fertiliza con N se mejoran los contenidos de MO, por otra parte, con todas las dosis de encalado evaluadas se redujo el Al intercambiable del suelo.
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Bartoli, F., and R. Philippy. "The colloidal stability of variable-charge mineral suspensions." Clay Minerals 22, no. 1 (March 1987): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1987.022.1.08.
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AbstractA method of analysing the colloidal stability of variable-charge mineral suspensions as a function of pH is described, which combines light scattering with soluble element and surface charge measurements. The absorbance of the suspensions closely follows the A = k−m equation, where m = −dlgA/dlgλ is an aggregate light-scattering index which is inversely related to the limiting sedimentation speed v = dA600nm/dt. Usually, suspensions of variable-charge minerals scatter less near their point of zero charge where the aggregation process is a maximum, in contrast to environments where they are charged and well-dispersed. Although the morphology of goethite is that of elongated needles, kaolinite plates, and imogolite tubes, the coalesced sphere approach of the Mie theory allows rapid correlation of the absorbance at 600 nm with aggregate-size distribution, indirectly measured by the light- scattering aggregate-size index m confirmed by electron microscopy experiments. Kaolinite and goethite suspensions obey the diffraction scattering law with a variation in size of 2–20 µm from the dispersed to the aggregated particles. Imogolite and alumina gel suspensions possibly obey the anomalous diffraction scattering law and are present as 0·05–1 µm aggregates of their 50–100 Å structural units. Silica gel and the more dispersed imogolite suspensions possibly obey the anomalous Rayleigh scattering law with a variation of aggregate size from 700–3000 Å.
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Elshafei, Mohamed, and Emad Shihab. "Towards Detecting Biceps Muscle Fatigue in Gym Activity Using Wearables." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030759.
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Fatigue is a naturally occurring phenomenon during human activities, but it poses a bigger risk for injuries during physically demanding activities, such as gym activities and athletics. Several studies show that bicep muscle fatigue can lead to various injuries that may require up to 22 weeks of treatment. In this work, we adopt a wearable approach to detect biceps muscle fatigue during a bicep concentration curl exercise as an example of a gym activity. Our dataset consists of 3000 bicep curls from twenty middle-aged volunteers at ages between 27 to 30 and Body Mass Index (BMI) ranging between 18 to 28. All volunteers have been gym-goers for at least 1 year with no records of chronic diseases, muscle, or bone surgeries. We encountered two main challenges while collecting our dataset. The first challenge was the dumbbell’s suitability, where we found that a dumbbell weight (4.5 kg) provides the best tradeoff between longer recording sessions and the occurrence of fatigue on exercises. The second challenge is the subjectivity of RPE, where we average the reported RPE with the measured heart rate converted to RPE. We observed from our data that fatigue reduces the biceps’ angular velocity; therefore, it increases the completion time for later sets. We extracted a total of 33 features from our dataset, which have been reduced to 16 features. These features are the most overall representative and correlated with bicep curl movement, yet they are fatigue-specific features. We utilized these features in five machine learning models, which are Generalized Linear Models (GLM), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forests (RF), Decision Trees (DT), and Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN). We found that using a two-layer FNN achieves an accuracy of 98% and 88% for subject-specific and cross-subject models, respectively. The results presented in this work are useful and represent a solid start for moving into a real-world application for detecting the fatigue level in bicep muscles using wearable sensors as we advise athletes to take fatigue into consideration to avoid fatigue-induced injuries.
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Paul, Thresia, and M. M. Prajapati. "Ethno-Therapeutic Remedies for Bone Fracture, Dang Dt. Gujarat. India." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 9, no. 2 (2014): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-09224550.
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Rao, K. Rama. "Diversity of Ornamental Fishes in Lower Manair Dam at Karimnagar Dt. Andhra Pradesh." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 9, no. 1 (2014): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-09112024.
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Day, Nancy, Evan Shereck, Janet Ayello, Catherine McGuinn, Prakash Satwani, Duane Lewis, Carmella van de Ven, Ronald J. Wapner, Megan S. Lim, and Mitchell S. Cairo. "NK Receptor (NKR)-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Cord Blood (CB) CD56dim Versus Peripheral Blood (PB) CD56dim NK Cells: Implication for Immaturity in Cord Blood NK CD56dim Innate Immunity." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4897.4897.
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Abstract Background: NK cells are characterized by absent CD3 but expression of CD56dim (90%, cytotoxic) and CD56bright (10%, mediator). NK cells may contribute to the immaturity in cord blood innate and adaptive immunity, and play an important role in the GVL effect post CBT. However, little is known regarding the NKR signaling pathways in CB vs PB CD56dim NK cells and its relationship to the cytotoxic activity. We previously demonstrated the ability to ex-vivo expand CB into NK subsets with profound NK in-vitro and in-vivo cytotoxic activity (Ayello/Cairo BBMT 2006). We further observed that there were 33 and 37 proteins over and under expressed by proteomic expression profiling studies of CB vs PB CD56dim (Shereck/Cairo, ASH 2007; ASPHO 2007; AACR 2007). The differential protein expressions included NKG2A, IP3R type 3, NCR3, MAPKAPK5, Notch 2, PLEK, and NF-X1 using both immunophenotype and proteomic profiling studies. Objectives: To understand the importance of NKR signaling pathways in mediating the differential protein expression and thus in regulating the NK cytotoxic activities in CB vs PB CD56dim, we compared the genomic expression pattern in CB vs PB CD56dim. Methods: For CD56dim isolation, first, NK cells were isolated indirectly by magnetic separation from non-NK cells. Second, the pre-enriched NK cells (CD56+/CD3−) from CB and PB were directly labeled with CD16 (FCGR3) MicroBeads, and the CD56+ CD16+ NK cells (CD56dim) were eluted after removing the column from the magnetic field (Miltenyi). Purity of CD56dim NK cells were then examined by flow cytometry (BD FACScan). For genomic studies, total RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed to cDNA using T7-Oligo (dT) primer. cRNA was Biotin-labeled by in vitro transcription. Fragmented biotin-labeled cRNA was hybridized to GeneChip U133A_2 in GCOS-operated Fluidics Station 450, and then scanned by GeneChip Scanner 3000 (Affymetrix). Data were analyzed using Agilent GeneSpring. Signal intensities were compared using one way ANOVA and Welch Test for statistical analysis. Results: There were 193 and 222 genes over and under expressed at the genomic level between CB vs PB CD56dim NK cells, respectively. CB vs PB CD56dim significantly overexpressed NKG2A (2.14F), CD16b (2.46F), KIR2D (2.13F), NKp44 (NCR2; 2.62F), PBX1 (4.29F), ENPEP (3.93F). There was no significant difference in NKR gene expression of CD16a, CD161, NKG2C, and NKp46 in CB vs PB CD56dim. CB vs PB CD56dim underexpressed the following NK genes: IP3R (1.32F), MAPKAPK5 (1.77F), NCR3 (1.24F), ACACB (3.23F), BBS1 (2.00F). Conclusion: CB vs PB CD56dim overexpressed NKG2A, CD16b, KIR2D, and NKp44 genes compared to only NKG2A was overexpressed at the protein level. These results suggest that NKR protein product levels in CB CD56dim may be directly regulated at the translation level, but not the transcription level. The discrepancy of IP3R, ENPEP, PBX1, and MAPKAPK5 gene expression suggest the involvements of IP3 and calcium ions in NKR signaling pathways. Since the Notch2, PLEK, and NF-X1 gene expression patterns were not increased, the augmented protein levels may result from the regulation of protein translation. The potential regulators of this process may include PBX1, ENPEP, ACACB, and BBS1 though the roles of these regulators need to be defined. We conclude that genomic differences between CB vs PB CD56dim may play an important role in regulating NKR signaling pathway, and thus contribute to disparate cytotoxic activity between CB vs PB and suggest a possible explanation for immaturity of cord blood innate and adaptive immunity.
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Et al., Prof Preeti S. Topannavar. "Rotational Wavelet Filters for Analysis of Brain MRI in Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 5, 2021): 2817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.5789.
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In this paper, a method is suggested for multi directional analysis of Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) scans for detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is a novel technique which utilizes, two-dimensional (2-D) rotated complex wavelet filters (RCWF) for feature identification. DTCWT identifies the features in 6 directions (±150±450, ±750) while RCWT identifies the features in different 6 directions (-300,0, +300, +600, +900, +1200), which enhances the directional selectivity of the transform coefficients and results in well description of corresponding textures. Dual-tree rotated complex wavelet transform (DT- RCWF) and dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT- CWT) are applied to the sample images at a time thus the transform coefficients in twelve different directions is obtained simultaneously. The obtained transform coefficients are used for calculation of various texture features such as energy, entropy and standard deviation. The obtained parameters form the feature vectors which are given as input to the classifiers to get the input classified as Normal control or AD sufferer. This proposed algorithm produces results which are superior in terms of accuracy, feature extraction rate, sensitivity, specificity, precision and recall necessary to realize the efficiency of diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease as compared to other existing methods.
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Deiana, V., L. Sanna, P. Milia, F. Pinna, L. Puddu, F. Fatteri, S. Lostia di Santa Sofia, et al. "Gender and age differences in eating and drinking risk behaviors in Italian high school students." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.030.
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Drunkorexia, limiting food intake before alcohol consumption, increases teenagers and young adults’ risk for negative alcohol-related health consequences.The purpose of the present study is to explore gender and age differences regarding weight management behaviors and alcohol consumption among 3004 students aged 13 to 24 years.The following questionnaires were administered: Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS).EDI-3 showed that 11.3% of the sample met the threshold on the “Drive for Thinness” (DT) scale, 28.9% on the “Bulimia” (B) scale, 17.2% on the “Body Dissatisfaction” (BD) scale. Females presented a higher risk at DT, B and BD scales (P < 0.001), and the risk of bulimia was higher in those aged ≤ 16 years (P = 0.028). AUDIT revealed a greater clinical risk of alcohol-related problems in males (P < 0.001) and in those aged > 16 years (P < 0.001). Drunkorexia was found in 44% of the sample, without significant difference in relation to gender and age.Girls and younger students have more weight concerns, while boys and older students are at greater risk of alcohol use disorders. Therefore, no specific group should be considered risk-free with respect to drunkorexia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Badros, Ashrof Z., Javier Bolaños-Meade, Aaron Rapoport, Bashi Ratterree, Sabrina Natt, Kathy Ruehle, Kathy McNamara, et al. "Effect of the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Combination with “DT-PACE” on Stem Cell Collection and Engraftment in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients (Pts)." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 5007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.5007.5007.
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Abstract In vitro data suggest that the addition of bortezomib to chemotherapy can enhance the anti-myeloma activity achieved with either therapy alone. We hypothesized that combining bortezomib and DT-PACE in newly diagnosed MM can increase the CR rate and serve as a new mobilization regimen. The primary objective of the study is to determine the MTD of bortezomib (3 dose levels: 0.7, 1.0, 1.3 mg/m2 days 1, 4, and 8) in combination with thalidomide-based regimen (DT-PACE: dexamethasone 40 mg/day and thalidomide 200–400 mg/day orally x 4 days, Cisplatinum 10 mg/m2, Adriamycin 10 mg/m2, Cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2 and Etoposide 40 mg/m2 all given by IVCI for 4 days). G-CSF 10 ug/kg/day was given from day 5 until stem cell collection or ANC > 2000, G-CSF was held on day 8 for Bortezomib dose. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the effects of the mobilization regimen on the cellular composition of the graft and subsequent engraftment after high-dose chemotherapy. Five Pts have been enrolled on the study, median age 55 (range: 55–69), all had received 1–2 cycle of thalidomide based therapy, 2 had PD and 3 had PR. Three Pts were enrolled on dose level I; one Pt had grade III diarrhea and DVT with cycle one and tolerated cycle 2 well. One Pt had syncope with cycle 2. Two additional Pts were enrolled at dose level I with no grade III toxicity. After cycle 1, Pts underwent stem cell collections on day 13 (2 Pts had 1 collection and 3 had 2-day collection). Four Pts had a median of 21.7x 106 CD 34+/kg (range: 18.8–33.3) collected. One Pt continued thalidomide after day 4 through mobilization; he collected 4.3 x 106 CD 34+/kg. These collections compares favorably to those obtained from 14 Pts who collected stem cells after DT-PACE at our center in the past yr. This retrospective control group had a median of 14.5 days to collection (range: 11– 22d) with a median 17.8 x 106 CD 34+/kg (range: 9– 35). All 5 Pts responded to therapy; 3 had near CR and 2 PR after cycle 2. To date, 3 Pts received melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by 4.3–5 x 106 CD 34+/kg and GCSF 5 mg/kg/day SC from day 5 until ANC > 1000 x 2 days. The first patient developed CMV antigenemia treated with ganciclovir. He received a boost of 5 x 106 CD 34/kg on day 21 and engrafted ANC > 1000 on day 25 and Plt > 20000 by day 49. The second patient reached ANC > 1000 on day 24 and plt > 20,000 by day 31. He developed autologous GVHD clinical grade II (skin and gut) upon engraftment, biopsy proven. He responded to steroids. The third patient whose cells were collected on thalidomide, engrafted ANC> 1000 by day 12 and Plt> 20000 by day 21, he has Plt < 30000 at day +35. The other 2 Pts await transplant. In comparison, control Pts mobilized with DT-PACE Pts (n=14) reached ANC > 1000 at a median of 12 days (range: 11-20) and plt > 20000 at 18 days (range: 13–25). Colony counts from DVT-PACE collections yielded a median CFU-C of 525 x 104/kg (range: 118–1000) compared to 540 (range: 153–1388) for DT-PACE. The effects of Bortezomib on the mobilized stem cells is unclear at this time, the delayed engraftment is concerning and will be better defined after additional Pts are treated on this protocol. Theoretically Bortezomib could affect stem cell adhesion molecules resulting in adequate stem cell collections and CFU-C in vitro that later affect stem cell homing and subsequent engraftment.
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Atiqah, Nur, Mohammad Yeakub Ali, Abdul Rahman Mohamed, and Md Sazzad Hossein Chowdhury. "Investigation of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate for High Speed Micro End Milling on PMMA." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.12.
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Micro end milling is one of the most important micromachining process and widely used for producing miniaturized components with high accuracy and surface finish. This paper present the influence of three micro end milling process parameters; spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR). The machining was performed using multi-process micro machine tools (DT-110 Mikrotools Inc., Singapore) with poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the workpiece and tungsten carbide as its tool. To develop the mathematical model for the responses in high speed micro end milling machining, Taguchi design has been used to design the experiment by using the orthogonal array of three levels L18 (21×37). The developed models were used for multiple response optimizations by desirability function approach to obtain minimum Ra and maximum MRR. The optimized values of Ra and MRR were 128.24 nm, and 0.0463 mg/min, respectively obtained at spindle speed of 30000 rpm, feed rate of 2.65 mm/min, and depth of cut of 40 μm. The analysis of variance revealed that spindle speeds are the most influential parameters on Ra. The optimization of MRR is mostly influence by feed rate. Keywords:Micromilling,surfaceroughness,MRR,PMMA
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Takizawa, Hitoshi. "Innate Immune Signal-Regulated Hematopoiesis." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): SCI—1—SCI—1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121288.
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Adult bone marrow (BM) had been long thought to be an immune-privileged organ where little immune reactions occur upon immunological challenges, and thus to form an advantageous environment to preserve long-lived hematopoietic and immune cells, e.g., hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that maintain lifelong hematopoiesis. They are mostly kept in quiescence, i.e., very slowly dividing within the steady state BM microenvironment, often referred to as niche, which consists of various type of non-hematopoietic cells such as endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal cells1. In contrast, recent studies have suggested that a broad range of immunological and inflammatory responses occur in BM and largely influence HSC function2. Upon hematopoietic challenges, e.g., infection, inflammation, cancer, both HSCs and the surrounding niche cells can sense hematopoietic demand signals and integrate it to hematopoiesis via direct (HSC-mediated) and indirect (niche-mediated) sensing mechanisms. As a consequence, primitive HSC and their differentiated progenitors (HSPCs) migrate to inflamed organs, proliferate and differentiate into specific cell lineages that are locally consumed and to be replenished. Infection is one of hemato-immunological challenges that are highly conserved in evolution and relevant to pathogenesis of many diseases, e.g., cancer. Host defense against infection is initiated by rapid but relatively non-specific responses that involve innate immune effector cells, e.g., macrophages, granulocytes, and then is followed by slower but specific responses that involve acquired immunity. Recent studies have shown that not only immune cells but also HSPCs express innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the ligation of receptors results in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell migration, proliferation and differentiation into myeloid lineage cells (King, Nat Rev Immunol 2016). We have also shown that systemic infection of gram negative bacterial activates quiescent HSCs to proliferation through its cognate receptor, TLR4, and eventually impairs their hematopoietic repopulating ability3. More recently, we have found that intestinal tissue damage activates early hematopoiesis in BM via microbial signals and direct early HSPCs to inflamed lymph node to produce myeloid cells and promote tissue repair. Given the fact that innate immune cells are epigenetically programmed with innate immune memory upon sensitization ("training") infection to resist future infectious insults4, and that HSPCs are long-lived and immune-responsive, it has been demonstrated that upon exposure to pathogen, HSPCs also are able to memorize infection through metabolic and epigenetic changes, and build hemato-immune system with better protection to subsequent pathogen insults5. Taken together, these findings define the BM not as an immune-privileged reservoir, but rather as an organ of active immune reactions where immature HSPCs are capable of adapting the demand signal to hematopoiesis in response to hemato-immunological challenges, and of being trained by innate immune activation to reconstitute host defense with more resistance against future infection. Morrison SJ, Scadden DT. The bone marrow niche for haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2014 Jan 16;505(7483):327-34 Takizawa H, Boettcher S, Manz MG. Demand-adapted regulation of early hematopoiesis in infection and inflammation.Blood. 2012 Mar 29;119(13):2991-3002. Takizawa H, Fritsch K, Kovtonyuk LV, et al. Pathogen-Induced TLR4-TRIF Innate Immune Signaling in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Promotes Proliferation but Reduces Competitive Fitness.Cell Stem Cell. 2017 Aug 3;21(2):225-240.e5. Netea MG, Joosten LA, Latz E, et al. Trained immunity: A program of innate immune memory in health and disease.Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):aaf1098. Kopf M, Nielsen PJ. Training myeloid precursors with fungi, bacteria and chips. Nat Immunol. 2018 Apr;19(4):320-322. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Klopsch, Christian, Dario Furlani, Ralf Gäbel, Klaus Wagner, Weiwei Wang, Lee-lee Ong, Wenzhong Li, et al. "Abstract 1063: Intracardiac Injection of Epoetin-α Upregulates Stem Cell Chemoattractant Gene Expression In a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model." Circulation 116, suppl_16 (October 16, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_212-d.
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Emerging evidence suggests that Erythropoietin (EPO) protects the myocardium from ischemic injury and promotes beneficial remodelling. However, the role of EPO and its receptor (EPO-R) in mediating cardiac regeneration remains unclear. We hypothese that stem cell homing and proliferation modulated by EPO could contribute to its cardio-protective effects. Epoetin-α (3000 U/kg) was injected along the infarction border after the induction of a rat myocardial infarction (MI) by permanent ligation of the left descending coronary artery. At six weeks after MI, cardiac function was measured by pressure-volume loops in left and right ventricles. Infarction size, angiogenesis and pathologic effects were evaluated. Gene expressions of EPO-R, SDF-1α, CXCR-4, c-kit, eNOS, TNF-α, IL-8, Integrin-β and CdK4 were analyzed by RT-PCR at different time points of the first week (24h, 48h, 96h and 7 days). We found EPO treatment improved left ventricular function both at baseline levels and under Dobutamine stress (tau, cardiac output, stroke work, ejection fraction, dp/dt maximum and minimum, n=11–14, p<0.05) and decreased right ventricular wall stress (maximum and endsystolic pressure, n=5– 8, p<0.05). Infarction size was reduced from 27.8±3.4% to 20.1±2.8% (n=6 – 8, p<0.01). Capillary density was increased from 257.7±24.5 to 338.5±35.9 (vessels per square mm, n=6 – 8, p<0.05). Mortality was decreased from 29.0% to 22.2% (n=53– 69). EPO-R was down regulated in infarcted, peri-infarcted and non infarcted areas at all time points (n=7, p<0.05). Cardiac SDF-1α, CXCR-4 and eNOS gene expressions were increased at 24 hours. C-kit was up regulated significantly at 48 hours compared to 24 hours in the EPO treated hearts. In untreated hearts, c-kit expression remained constant. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-β, IL-8 and Integrin-γ) were down regulated. Cell cycle re-entry marker (CdK4) was increased at 24 hours in non infarcted zones. In conclusion, we demonstrate intramyocardium Epoetin-α injection induces an earlier up regulation of stem cell chemoattractants, reduces inflammation, enhances angiogenesis and restores heart function after MI.
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Tsai, Ping-Chung, Chia Liu, Yi-Chen Yeh, Chun-Ku Chen, Po-Kuei Hsu, Hui-Shan Chen, Chien-Sheng Huang, Chih-Cheng Hsieh, Han-Shui Hsu, and Biing-Shiun Huang. "Prognostic histologic subtyping of dominant tumor in resected synchronous multiple adenocarcinomas of lung." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (May 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88193-9.
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AbstractThe prognostic role of histological patterns of dominant tumor (DT) and second dominant tumor (sDT) in synchronous multiple adenocarcinoma (SMADC) of lung remains unclear. SMADC patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. DT and sDT were defined as two maximum diameters of consolidation among multiple tumors. Histological pattern was determined using IASLC/ATS/ERS classification system. DTs were divided into low- (lepidic), intermediate- (acinar, papillary) and high-grade (micropapillary, solid) subtypes, and sDTs into non-invasive predominant (lepidic) and invasive predominant (acinar, papillary, micropapillary, solid) subtypes. During mean 74-month follow-up among 149 nodal-negative patients having SMADC resected, recurrence was noted in 44 (29.5%), with significantly higher percentage in high-grade DT (p < 0.001). Five-year overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survivals in low-, intermediate- and high-grade DT were 96.9%, 94.3%, 63.3% (p < 0.001) and 100%, 87.2%, 30.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). Cox-regression multivariate analysis demonstrated high-grade DT as a significant predictor for DFS (Hazard ratio [HR] 5.324; 95% CI 2.570–11.462, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 3.287; 95% CI 1.323–8.168, p = 0.010). Analyzing DT and sDT together, we found no significant differences in DFS, either in intermediate- or high-grade DT plus invasive or non-invasive sDT. DT was histologically an independent risk factor of DFS and OS in completely resected nodal-negative SMADCs.
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Hogsette, Jerome A., and James E. Cilek. "Evaluation of the DynaTrap Flylight (DT-3009) Against House Flies and Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Under Indoor Conditions." Journal of Insect Science 19, no. 6 (November 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iez114.
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Abstract Ultraviolet light traps are commonly used to manage house flies in indoor situations. Many indoor traps are longer than their 46-cm fluorescent tubes and have glue boards to capture attracted flies. Smaller traps have been sold to use in homes and small rooms, but few if any trap evaluations can be found in the literature. One trap, the DynaTrap Flylight DT-3009 (DTFL) has become quite common and a performance evaluation between it and an open-front commercial trap seemed warranted. Evaluations were conducted at the USDA-ARS-CMAVE laboratory in Gainesville, FL. The DTFL and the Gardner GT-200 open-front trap were evaluated individually and then in pairs. Traps were placed approximately 90 cm above the floor at the edge of a 2.4- × 0.76-m wide counter. Traps tested individually were centered on the long axis of the counter. For paired tests, traps were placed approximately 2.1 m apart. Fifty mixed-sex, 3- to 5-d-old house or stable flies were released and counts of captured flies were made after 1, 4, and 24 h. In individual tests, the DTFL and the GT-200 captured 38 and 76% of the house flies, respectively, and 3 and 18% of the stable flies, respectively, after 4 h. At 4 h in paired tests, the DTFL and the GT-200 captured 3 and 66% of the house flies, respectively, and 2 and 16% of the stable flies, respectively. Depending on the intended use, either trap was considered efficacious in capturing house flies when used alone. Differences in trap performance are discussed.
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Clements, Richard T., and Brenda Cordeiro. "Abstract 335: Activation of BKCa Channels With Rottlerin Greatly Improves Cardiac Functional Improvement Following Surgical Ischemia Associated With Cardioplegic Arrest." Circulation Research 113, suppl_1 (August 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a335.
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Introduction: BKCa channels are thought to provide protection during ischemic insults in the heart. Rottlerin, has been implicated as a potent BKCa activator, however this has not been firmly established. The purpose of this study was two fold: 1) assess the specificity of rottlerin for BKCa channels and 2) investigate the efficacy of BKCa channel activation as a cardioprotective agent during cardioplegia/reperfusion (CP/R). Methods: Wild type and BKCa knock-out mice with and without rottlerin (only administered in CP) were subjected to an isolated heart model of CP/R. Hearts were perfused for 30 min at 37C (baseline), followed by intermittent cold crystalloid cardioplegia (intermittent St Thomas II, 10C), and normothermic, normoxic, reperfusion for 30 min. In additional studies, mechanism of rottlerin-induced cardioprotection was investigated using H9c2 cells subjected to in vitro CP/reoxygenation and assessed for mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRE) and ROS (DCFDA) production. Results: CP and 30 min reperfusion decreased LVDP (58.7 +/- 5 % baseline, n=8 ), +/- dP/dt ( 71.1+/- 6.4, 59.2 +/-6.6, % baseline respectively) and coronary flow (CF) (66.8+/-7.4, %baseline) in wild type mice. Rottlerin, (100 (n=3), 500 nM (n=5)) delivered in the CP solution dose dependently increased the recovery of LV function and CF to near baseline levels (500 nM rottlerin, LVDP: 94.1+/- 2.3, +/-dPdt: 99.6 +/- 7.2, 111.0+/- 15.0, % baseline, and CF: 128.9 +/-30.0 %baseline ). BKCa KO hearts treated with (n=4)or without (n=3) 500nM rottlerin, were similar to wt CP hearts, showing no improved cardioprotection (BKCa KO + 500 nM rott: LVDP: 57.7+/- 4.0, +/-dP/dt 69.5 +/-12.0, 59.8+/- 4.9, and CF 73 +/- 6.7). H9c2 cells subjected to in vitro CP/R, displayed reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (39% +/-.09 % decrease relative to control, p<.01) and increased ROS generation (50%+/-.04 increase, p<.01), both of which were dose dependently normalized by rottlerin (100 nM-1 uM) (minimum n=8). Conclusions: Activation of BKCa channels profoundly rescues ischemic damage associated with CP, likely via mitochondrial effects on improved mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced ROS generation.
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Zapata-Sudo, Gisele, Tais N. Frazão, Jaqueline S. da Silva, Eliezer J. Barreiro, Carlos A. Fraga, and Roberto T. Sudo. "Abstract 69: Reduction of Diastolic Dysfunction by Treatment of a Combination of Agonists of Adenosine Receptor in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Submitted to Myocardial Infarction." Circulation Research 117, suppl_1 (July 17, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/res.117.suppl_1.69.
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Introduction: This work investigated the cardioprotective actions of the combination of a positive inotropic agent (LASSBio-294 ) and a potent vasodilator (LASSBio-897) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) submitted to myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Twenty four SHR (180-200 g) were randomly divided in sham-operated (SO) and infarcted groups (MI) and each group subdivided in two: treatment with vehicle (DMSO) or with LASSBio-294 + LASSBio-897 (5mg/kg each, p.o.) during 8 weeks. After treatment period, the animals were submitted to echocardiography to determine the anterior wall thickness (AWT), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS) and the ratio of early and late transmitral filling velocity (E/A). In addition, the following hemodynamic parameters were evaluated: mean blood pressure (MBP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP) and LV contractility and relaxation (dp/dt max ). Hypertrophy was measured using the relation between heart weight to body weight (HW/BW). The volume fraction of collagen (%) was determined by measuring the area of H&E stained tissue within a given field. Results: MI induced in SHR promoted a decrease in AWT; EF; FS and E/A from 2.0 ± 0.4 to 1.6 ± 0.9 mm; from 53.1 ± 7.5 to 25.3 ± 6.4 %; from 40.0 ± 0.9 to 25.3 ± 11.0 %; and from 1.4 ± 0.1 to 0.9 ± 0.1, respectively. Treatment with the combination of drugs, increased AWT to 2.5 ± 0.6 mm; EF to 73.2 ± 1.0 %; FS to 43.5 ± 6.6%; and E/A to 1.3 ± 0.1. Increase of LVEDP from 4.6 ± 0.3 to 30.0 ± 3.6 mmHg and duplicated oxygen consumption were observed in MI-SHR. The negative dP/dt was reduced from 6152 ± 1015 to 3957 ± 1225 mm Hg/s. After treatment, all hemodynamic parameters were restored to values similar to SO group. Mean blood pressure which was increased after MI from 168. 2 ± 18.6 to 197.7 ± 10.7 returned to 137.0 ± 19.3 mm Hg after treatment. Increased deposition of colagen from 15.1 ± 3.9 to 24.0 ± 0.9 % induced by MI was prevented with treatment with the combination of drugs (12.9 ± 3.8 %). Conclusion: Oral administration of the combination of LASSBio-294 and LASSBio-897 could be considered promising in preventing cardiac dysfunction in SHR submitted to MI.
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"Biodecolourization and biotransformation of textile dyes remazol violet-5R and remazol brillant orange-3R by Bacillus sp. DT9 isolated from textile effluents." Issue 1 19, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002080.
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<p>The present study aims to evaluate RV-5R and RBO-3R decolourizing potential of <em>Bacillus</em> sp. DT9 isolated from textile effluent in Denizli (Turkey). In present study, maximum dye-decolourizing efficiency of the culture was achieved at 25 mg l<sup>-1</sup> concentration of RV-5R and 500 mg l<sup>-1</sup> concentration of RBO-3R. While the optimum dye-decolorizing activity of DT9 was observed at pH 7.5 and 37<sup>o</sup>C in sucrose for RV-5R (91.66% decolourization rate), 500 mg l<sup>-1</sup> RBO-3R concentration by<em> Bacillus</em> sp. DT9 was decolourized at pH 9.0 and 30°C in sucrose/peptone containing medium (98.41% decolourization rate). In other step of study, DT9 was immobilized in Ca-alginate. According to immobilization results, the percentage of decolourization of RV-5R was found very similar to cell free result. But, the percentage of decolourization of RBO-3R decreased 30.0%, when DT-9 cells were immobilized in Ca-alginate. Metabolites of the RV-5R and RBO-3R biodegradation were analysed via ESI-TOF/MS analysis at the end of decolourization process, and the biotransformation and dimerization was confirmed.</p>