Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DTS passif'
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Susanto, Kusnahadi. "Mesures distribuées de la température du sol pour l'hydrologie proche de la surface : utilisation de la technologie passive des fibres optiques pour déduire l'humidité du sol dans un bassin versant Méditerranéen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH010.
Full textKnowledge of soil surface water content dynamics provides valuable information on soil-water interaction and changes in groundwater. This variability can be measured by direct and indirect methods. This thesis deals with the relationship between temperature observation and soil water content. Temperature observation is used as an indirect method to understand the hydrology and thermo-physics of soil water flow. To improve knowledge of the interaction between water and soil in the shallow surface, fiber-optic DTS technology was used to measure long-term soil temperature. This strategy is expected to provide more detailed hydrological information. Three soil types were considered in this field experiment: colluvial forest, colluvial shrubland or grassland, and black marl
Garnier, Antoine. "Développement d'un échantillonneur passif pour un diagnostic de la contamination des zones portuaires par des organoétains." Thesis, IMT Mines Alès, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAL0009.
Full textThe problem of aquatic environment contamination is one of the major concerns today. With a view of progress, optimization and efficiency, chemical compounds have been widely used in many areas. This is the case of organotin mainly used in antifouling paints for boat hulls. These compounds of a biocidal nature are ultimately transferred to the water and are ingested by living organisms or can be adsorbed on suspended particles and sediments on the seabed where they can persist for several years. The impact of these compounds on human health and the environment has led to the establishment of standards regulating their use, as well as environmental quality standards. Monitoring of the concentration of these compounds in the environment is therefore necessary to ensure the compliance with these standards.In order to contribute to the monitoring of organotin contamination in port areas, this thesis deals with the development of a diagnostic tool adapted to the measurement of organotin concentration in the marine environment. Passive sampling, which has gained interest in recent years, has a real potential to provide an operational answer to this problem.Initially, the development and validation of the Chemcatcher ® passive sampler is carried out on one hand through the study of the accumulation kinetics of organotin compounds, and on the other hand through laboratory and in-situ calibrations at the study site located in Port Camargue harbour. An environmental application was also carried out with this device in order to validate the use of this passive sampler for the diagnosis of organotin contamination of harbour areas.A new device was then proposed, the ePSOM (Passive Sampling Organotin Marina) passive sampler, intended for the specific and optimal accumulation of organotins in the marine environment. This device has been developed and validated both in the laboratory and in situ. Its use in Port Camargue harbour demonstrates its applicability to meet the needs for environmental diagnosis in these port areas.Finally, in order to increase the specificity of this type of sampling, a new retention phase has been developed thanks to the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer. Different syntheses were tested in order to obtain different particle sizes and shapes. Organotin accumulation kinetics of the molecularly imprinted polymers were tested to verify the retention capacity of this phase with respect to these compounds.The results obtained will help address the problem of monitoring organotin contamination in port areas by providing a diagnostic tool adapted to this environment and these compounds
Aliouane, Kamel. "Contribution à l'étude du filtrage d'harmoniques des réseaux de distribution à l'aide de l'association de filtres actif et passif parallèle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL012N.
Full textMilhau, Vincent. "Choix de portefeuille en gestion de passif et en gestion acti-passif." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0033.
Full textIs thesis consists of a literature survey three essays in Liability Management and Asset and Liability Management. In the first part we introduce a general framework for analyzing liability allocation decisions, with potential applications to debt management by sovereign states, corporations and households. In a static mean-variance setting that extends Markowitz (1952) analysis to encompass liability allocation decisions, we distinguish between a pure liability management focus and a situation where the presence of assets to be financed is accounted for. Is last situation is analyzed from the perspective of a sole optimization of the debt structure given the assets in place, as well as from the more general perspective of a joint optimization of the asset and liability structures. In the latter case, optimal asset and liability allocation decisions are found to be deeply intertwined, with an infinite series of joint influences between hedging components within the demand for various asset and liability classes. As an extension, we also analyze optimal liability allocation decisions in a dynamic setting with CARA preferences. Overall, our analysis emphasizes that debt management should be perceived as an optimal mixture of various forms of debt, as opposed to a choice between various forms of debt. In the second part we study Asset Management for a pension fund in the presence of regulatory constraints.
Castellani, Cristina. "Rôle des auxiliaires du passif en italien." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC020.
Full textItalian passive form offers a variety of choices that are hardly comparable to those of French. Apart from the canonical form essere and Past Participle, there are also the forms with venire, andare, finire, rimanere, risultare, restare, stare. The objective of this work is to understand the use of essere, venire, andare, rimanere and restare, auxiliaries of the Italian passive form, and the function of the existence of such a diversity within the framework of the Lexicon-Grammar of Maurice Gross and Amr H. Ibrahim's Methodology of Analytical Defining Matrixes (ADM).The study develops through 10 chapters.The first part introduces the state of the art on the Italian passive and the description of the chosen five auxiliaries, according to the traditional description of linguists and grammarians. The following chapters are devoted to the description of each auxiliary and the comparison of their uses.The work concludes with the synthesis of the different characteristics of passive periphrases and considerations of an aspectual-temporal order with an attempt at systematization.The aim of this work is to prove that the said auxiliaries are rarely commutable and that each of them introduces different morpho-syntactic and aspectual restrictions
Buddhapong, Sudarat. "Étude contrastive des moyens exprimant le passif en français et en thaï." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040151.
Full textThis research is a contrastive study of various passive syntactic constructions in French and Thai. The study also extends to examine the general definitions of passive, by studying various passive constructions in both languages. The findings reveal that in French, the language constructions with passive meaning are characterized thematically more than semantically, and the passive forms are presented according to focalization or verbal expressions. However, in Thai, the passive forms are characterized semantically – detrimental, benefactive, and neutral – the meaning governing the choice of passive structures. Constructions with passive meaning are more frequently used in French than in Thai. Besides, grammatical subjects with patient role can be omitted in Thai, but not in French. Agents can be deleted in both languages. In French, noun phrase order constructions with passive meaning are from singular impersonal noun to singular impersonal noun, while in Thai they are from singular personal noun to singular personal noun. Furthermore, some verbs which can be employed in the various constructions with passive meaning cannot always freely substitute in all constructions. Finally, the study shows that the general definitions of passive cannot be accepted without considering semantic factors
Horvai, Peter. "Advection passive par des champs de vitesse stochastiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000712.
Full textGuitteny, Pierre. "Le passif en langue des signes." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00423884.
Full textTernet, François. "Caloduc miniature pour le refroidissement passif des composants électroniques d'un décodeur Orange." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC221.
Full textThis report presents the study of a passive two-phase cooling of a television decoder using heat pipe. It is composed into two main parts: a first part concerns the numerical studies and the second an experimentalstudy. Numerical study is conducted in order to determine the geometric and physico-chemicalcharacteristics of heat pipes in order to optimally cool the TV decoder. Two numerical analyses arecarried out: a first one, which is analytical model that is based on the global study of the heat pipe inorder to determine the maximum heat flux that can be dissipated. Different working fluid could bestudied and various architectural design of heat pipe are tested. Different fluids are tested in order todetermine the best configuration of the micro-channel respecting heat pipes working limitations. Asecond model is carried out to characterize the local physical parameters such as: pressure in the liquidand vapour phases, temperature, thermal resistances, capillary radius, etc. This second simulation iscarried out by a Runge-Kutta method to solve differential equations. In the experimental part, an experimentalset up is has been installed in the laboratory to study heat pipes performances under variousexperimental conditions. A filling system has been developed for heat pipes in order to test variousworking fluids and different charges. Finally, the best configuration of the heat pipe is tested to coolOrange decoder. Different tests are conducted previously in order to make characterization of the conventionalcooling system and heat pipe cooling mod
Neto, Rafael Tobias Moretti. "Determinação de níveis ótimos de passividade em prótese sobre implante em função da deformação dos intermediários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25135/tde-04092007-143032/.
Full textPassive fit has been considered one of the most important requirements for the success of implant supported prostheses. This in vitro study investigated the abutment deformation of an implant-supported prosthesis after screw tightening of palladium-silver and cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinder. A master model was used to simulate a human mandible with five implants. The Strain gauges were attached on the sides of each abutment to capture deformations because of the cylinders screws after was tightened. The abutments were mounted onto implant replicas and the screws were tightened to a 20 Ncm torque, and the readings were recorded. After this step, palladiumsilver and cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinders were tightened to a 10 Ncm torque and the readings were recorded. The measurements were repeated five times. Mann-Whitney statistical test was applied to the results. No statistical differences were found between the deformation generated by palladium-silver and cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinders. However, there were differences relative to the quality of the strain. The deformation generated by screw tightness of the cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinders was compressive while palladium-silver prosthetic cylinders generated compressive and tensile strain.
Aliakbari, Alireza. "Étude et optimisation des processus d’usinage utilisant des dispositifs à amortissement passif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAE002.
Full textThe most significant and critical objectives of all industrial units nowadays are mass production at a lower cost in terms of material and resources and machining industry is not and exception. Vibration is one of the most harmful problems facing machining process, which significantly affects the quality of the final product. Machine tools vibration is a result of generated forces in the process. During the last decades many research has been done in relation to this topic from different aspects. Understanding, modeling, detection, suppression, etc. have recently been the aim of previous research that has led to various methodologies to avoid chatter and machine tools vibration.This project with the title of " Study and optimization of machining processes using passive damping devices " is a CIFRE Ph.D. contract that stands for Industrial Agreement of Training through Research. The proposal is granted by ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie) in collaboration with the SECO company and AMVALOR (Arts et Métiers commercial branch). This project brings together SECO R&D and LISPEN Laboratory to boost Steadyline product efficiency and productivity by undertaking technical and scientifical investigation of the dynamics behavior of the process using these devices. Steadyline is a family of anti-vibration toolholders known for minimizing or even eliminating vibration during all sorts of machining processes. The key principle of the Steadyline is a tuned mass damper which mitigate the toolholder vibration resulting in better surface finish and higher productivity. This kind of solution, adopted by most of the toolholder maker in the world, become popular among the machinist, but the feed-back from machinists points out some drawbacks like insufficient robustness and erratic efficiency. The key objectives of this research are to analyze existing Steadyline behavior, both with and without machining process, and to propose solutions to improve its efficiency and to better mitigate chatter problems. These solutions are intended to be fed to industry and the market in an later industrialization phase
Marin, Josiane. "Tabagisme passif des entreprises de milieu rural." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23105.
Full textAmrane, Mohamed Nadir. "Contrôle passif et actif des structures planes." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECDL0006.
Full textKaboré, Madi. "Enjeux de la simulation pour l'étude des performances énergétiques des bâtiments en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA001/document.
Full textIn sub-Saharan African countries, the energy context, the high urban growth, inadequate construction techniques and climate offer great potential for bio-climatic approach and sustainable construction particularly on the energy level. However, this potential and the use of passive cooling techniques are weakly explored. To do so, it requires a good knowledge of building’s behaviour and their adaptation to the climatic context. As part of our contribution to this issue, a study on the thermal behaviour of buildings is initiated by numerical simulation. Indeed the building’s energy performance simulation tools are becoming more essential in the building’s design processes and analysis. Investigations are conducted on a building built with typical materials in Burkina Faso by following two main approaches. In the first approach a model of the building is faced with measurements from field experiments on the building. A calibration methodology based on the sensitivity analysis and optimization has been applied for the comparison of results. This helped to calibrate the model and diagnostic studies are performed.In the second approach, investigations on methods which can help to improve the building performance are realized through the application building performance simulation as a design aid tool. Interoperability and optimization techniques are used to deal with passive cooling techniques and their impacts on the building thermal behaviour are assessed. Finally in this work analysis techniques and performance criteria are used to characterize and make recommendations on building designs for the tropical climate context
Stefania, Marco. "Effacement du passif et non-reprise des poursuites." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010284.
Full textBoudaoud, Hakim. "Modélisation de l'amortissement actif-passif des structures sandwichs." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ035S/document.
Full textSince the last decade, active and passive control of noise and vibration became a main issue in industrial application. Concerning passive solutions, sandwich panels and beams with viscoelastic core layer are used in many applications for vibration and noise control thanks to their superior capability in energy absorption. In active control, piezoelectric layers and patch are most widely used due to their effectiveness. Coupling both control types, in the so named ”hybrid control”, results in multi-modal vibration control. Using sandwich panels, this coupling leads to some identified problems. The first one is that the global stiffness matrix is complex, frequency and control dependant, leading to a non linear eigenvalue problem. The second problem is that the model should take into account the viscoelastic shear effect. In this work, analytical and numerical models and methods are developed for determining the modal properties, frequency and hybrid damping introduced by viscoelastic and piezoelectric sandwich structure
Boudaoud, Hakim Daya El Mostafa. "Modélisation de l'amortissement actif-passif des structures sandwichs." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2007/Boudaoud.HakimSMZ0735.pdf.
Full textRanger, Julie-Anne. "Amortissement passif des vibrations par patchs piézocéramiques shuntés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1041.
Full textFauvelle, Vincent. "Evaluation de la contamination en pesticides des tributaires du Bassin d’Arcachon et développement d’un échantillonneur passif spécifique des herbicides anioniques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14715/document.
Full textFrom the early 2000s, the Arcachon Bay suffers from environmental crises that have led to the decline of the Zostera spp. meadows, and to the episodic mortality of oysters spats. Therefore, the toxic pressure (including pesticides) has been questioned, and several environmental monitoring programs have been established since 2005. This new monitoring program consisted to expand the range of monitored compounds (including acidic herbicides), to use POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) for the passive sampling of polar compounds, and to monitor continuously the main Arcachon Bay tributaries for nearly two years. Because of the inadequacy of POCIS (and other devices currently available), a monthly grab sampling strategy has been implemented for the monitoring of acidic herbicides. The highlighting of the predominance of the acidic metabolites of chloroacetanilides in the Arcachon Bay tributaries has been a major advance in the characterization of the toxic pressure, and pointed out, otherwise, the needs for a specific passive sampling tool for these contaminants. Therefore, several passive samplers have been developed, based on existing devices (POCIS and Diffusive Gradient in Thin-film). The integrative behaviour of the samplers has been first optimized by adapting the geometry (exposure surface area, and amount of receiving phase), or by changing the nature of the receiving phase. Then, the quantitative behaviour has been improved by adapting the PRC (performance and reference compound) approach, or using a diffusive gel
Vogel, Petra Maria. "Das unpersönliche Passiv eine funktionale Untersuchung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Deutschen und seiner historischen Entwicklung." Berlin New York de Gruyter, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2672564&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textBelles, Angel. "Développement et applications environnementales des échantillonneurs passifs pour la surveillance des écosystèmes aquatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14723/document.
Full textFor a better understanding and management of the environmental quality, contaminant analysis in the various compartments is a natural first step in the understanding of the dynamics of pollutants and of their impacts on ecosystems. However sampling strategies commonly used have not changed since the advent of analytical chemistry. These techniques in general consist of taking a certain amount of sample (water, air, solid) to extract the substances of interest to assay. The issue of representativeness of such sampling practices arises since for a given site the contamination can vary over time and over short distances. Detailed understanding of the contamination of an ecosystem using such sampling techniques requires the multiplication of samples over time and space.Since the 80’s and more especially the beginning of 2000, passive sampling tools have been developed in many areas. They provide an integrated monitoring of contamination over time at low cost. These new approaches are based on the fact that the sample are taken continuously in-situ and without energy supply, thus providing an average value of the contamination.To use these devices, a number of laboratory developments must first be conducted to determine the kinetic constants to deduce the necessary characteristics of the environmental contamination. Thus, as part of this work, a selection of existing samplers has been tested and adapted in laboratory experiments and evaluated in real conditions at various environmental sites.Laboratory developments have been conducted to develop different configuration tools in order to be used for a wide range of pollutants with the best quantitative capacity. For example, suitable devices have been developed for sampling highly polar molecules which previously were not strongly sampled by existing devices.On-site, sampling tools were mainly implemented in the framework of broader research programs and consequently have been tested during large field studies (Bassin d'Arcachon, Gironde Estuary) to compare their performance to grab sampling techniques. The results provided by the tools are similar to those obtained by grab sampling. However, the quantitative aspect appears still improvable either by the use of new performance reference compounds or by using devices more robust and slightly affected in their performance by environmental conditions
Garcia, Aurélien. "Etude et modélisation de la structure fine des champs scalaires en écoulement turbulent." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES041.
Full textThis work concerns the study of passive scalar gradient properties in idealized models of turbulence. First, the orientation and the response of scalar gradient to flow topology nonstationarity are addressed with a simple numerical analysis and with experimental data obtained in a low-Reynolds number Bénard-von Kármán street where temperature is generated using a small heated line source. Then, an analytical approach is developed to establish the passive scalar properties in a three-dimensional idealized case. Moreover, this approach is check in two flow models. Finally, two turbulent flow models are used to investigate the correlation between passive scalar gradients and velocity gradients
Devillers, Delphine. "Fiabilisation de la quantification des éléments traces cationiques et anioniques par la technique d'échantillonnage DGT en milieu aquatique naturel." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0058/document.
Full textThe passive sampling DGT technique (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films) has a lot of benefits (time-weighted average concentrations, low limits of quantification) and would therefore be a useful tool for monitoring studies to quantify trace elements in natural water. However, there are still some limitations and grey areas that put the brakes on the development of the method for regulatory applications. The aim of this work is to identify potential biases and contribute to increase the method reliability. This study shows that a minimized uncertainty on results can be obtained only if elution factors are experimentally determined; however, standard values of 0.8 for Cr(III) and 0.85 for Al(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) are suggested to reduce manipulations while keeping reasonable uncertainty (<10%). Studying the influence of fouling developed on DGT devices showed that the sorption of cations Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) had, respectively, a slight, moderate and strong impact on their accumulation in DGT samplers and therefore on their quantification. Samplers should then be deployed for less than one week. In contrast, fouling had a negligible impact on oxyanions As(V), Cr(VI), Sb(V) and Se(VI). Finally, a method was developed to simultaneously quantify both Cr oxidation states naturally occurring in natural waters, which are Cr(III), essential to life, and Cr(VI), toxic. Both forms are accumulated in a single DGT sampler before being selectively separated during an elution step. This method is robust for wide ranges of ionic strengths and sulfate concentrations but for a narrower range of pH (4 to 6)
Bailly, Emilie. "Étude de l'applicabilité des POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) au dosage des résidus de médicaments dans les effluents hospitaliers." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818919.
Full textSurchamp, Alexia. "Emissions potentielles de polluants organiques persistants à partir du milieu urbain et par les activités de traitement des déchets : impact sur la qualité de l'air au voisinage des sources." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066010/document.
Full textThe objective was to characterize the indirect emissions of SVOCs (PCB, HCB, PeCB, PAHs, phthalates and PBDE) on potentially contaminated environments by their uses (underground railway zones, traffic roads) and waste treatment sites (wastewater treatment plants, elimination, vehicle destruction sites). Measuring networks including "large volume" active air samplers, passive samplers and environmental bio-accumulators have been used to acquire data in the vicinity of potential sources. The results reveal an ubiquity of all the measured compounds in the air, where their presence in the gas phase prevails. The air contamination of the study sites shows a common ranking (phthalates> PAHs> HCB> PeCB> PCBs> PBDEs), where air contamination in summer is more important, confirming the relative importance of diffuse emissions by passive volatilization The results from passive sensors demonstrate the value of this complementary tool for the realization of large spatio-temporal scale study. The interpretation of environmental state from air, soil, atmospheric deposition and plant bio-accumulators analyzes indicates that the contamination remains mostly equivalent to urban area.. The results reveal that diffuse emissions of non-halogenated SVOCs (phthalates and PAHs) by passive volatilization, represent an environmental and health challenge where that could exceed those of past POPs (PCBs, PBDE, ...)
Gourdon, Emmanuel. "Contrôle passif de vibrations par pompage énergétique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/egourdon.pdf.
Full textIn Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vibrations of structures are one of the risks of damage of a structure and can involve serious consequences, sometimes without comparison with the implementation of the suitable means of prevention. Thus, the dynamic study of structures is a stage impossible to circumvent in the development phase of a project. Passive control of vibrations, i. E. Control without the need for providing an external energy, became a true stake. Passive control of vibrations can be performed through the energy pumping phenomenon. Energy pumping is the irreversible transfer of vibrational energy from a main structure, which must be protected against external disturbances, to a coupled, essentially nonlinear, auxiliary structure, which is very light. The principle which is involved is the localization of nonlinear normal modes allowing strong vibrations of the added structure and very small vibrations of the primary structure. The phenomenon is first studied during non-stationary regime, and then during stationary regime. An optimisation of both energy pumping and parameters of the system is performed in order to apply it to real structures. Experimental verifications are carried out on reduced-scale building models
Park, Byeong-Heum. "Recherche sur le rôle des constructions adverbiales dans la voix passive en français moderne." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUEL192.
Full textThis thesis on the role of adverbial constructions in the passive voice in modern french is didided into two parts. In the first part, we found it relevant to determine the notion and the field of the voice, according to various grammarians, and we tried to give a definition of the voice. Then, we analyzed the passive voice according to several grammatical theories and we put forward the various related problems. We also observed some subtler nuances expressed by the passive form, the use of prepositions and some turns in the passive mode. In the second part, we defined and classified the adverbs with a special concern for those used in this study, quantity, intensity and assertion adverbs. We noticed the function of these adverbs with three types of sentences : first passive with an agent, then passive without an agent, and eventually reduced sentences, each time there were action and psychological verbs. It clearly appears that the adverbial constructions play an important part in the passivation, namely at the semantic and pragmatic level
Vigier, Yves. "Matériaux composites à fibres piézoélectriques pour applications en contrôle de vibrations : élaboration, modélisation, caractérisation." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS019.
Full textCondaxakis, Constantin. "Contrôle passif des pales d'éoliennes et simulation de leur comportement." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS058.
Full textStaub, Anne Kolf-Clauw Martine. "Tabagisme passif et animaux de compagnie bilan des connaissances actuelles /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2894/1/hartmann_2894.pdf.
Full textPafume, Coelho João Flavio. "Contrôle Passif Nonlinéaire du Phénomène de Résonance Sol des Hélicoptères." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0012/document.
Full textHelicopter ground resonance (HGR) is an instability phenomenon that can occur when helicopters exhibit a spinning rotor when grounded; it can lead the structure to rapidly break apart. The phenomenon originates from a coupling between asymmetric modes of in plane blade oscillations (lead/ lag) and the roll of a grounded fuselage. The verification of alternative stabilization devices such as tuned mass dampers (TMD) and nonlinear absorbers (nonlinear energy sinks - NES) is the objective of this thesis. These possibilities are theoretically investigated by embedding a four-bladed helicopter minimal model - proposed and previously studied by the ISAE team - first, with a TMD in the fuselage, then with four identical TMDs in each blade lag hinge. Then, a NES attached to the fuselage is considered and eventually a set of four identical NES attached to the blade lag hinges of the model is proposed and analyzed
Marinacce, Fabien. "Étude d’un sillage dynamique symétrique associé à un sillage asymétrique d’un scalaire passif." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69193.
Full textNovo, Sylvia Marquart Fontes. "Efeito dos leucócitos do colostro materno na resposta imune de bezerros recém-nascidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-25082015-113618/.
Full textThis study evaluated the effect of leukocytes passive transference from bovine colostrum in specific immunity of newborn calves. During neonatal period, 20 Holstein calves were followed. Animals were distributed in two experimental groups: COL+ which received fresh colostrum (4L) from their mothers, and COL- which received frozen and acellular colostrum (4L) that came from donor cows. The evaluations were performed in the following moments: before colostrum intake (M0), 1-2 (M1), 7 (M2), 14 (M3), 21 (M4) and 28 days after birth (M5). Heifers were submitted to clinical examination. Then, blood samples were harvested for hemogram, immunophenotyping and cell culture. Both groups were fed with the same quality of colostrum (immunoglobulin concentration 70-120 g/L). The cell concentration of fresh colostrum that was provided to COL+ group was 1.895.849 cells/mL. It was not possible to detect differences in vital functions concerning the experimental groups. The system specific examination reveled one case of bronchopneumonia, three cases of umbilical inflammation and major rates of diarrhea score 3 in group COL-. Clinical alterations were reflected in calves erythrogram. It was found lower mean value for hemoglobin (HGB) in M3 for COL-. Regarding age, a gradual reduction in mean values for erythrocytes, HGB, HCT (hematocrit) and hematimetric rates were observed in the first month of life. The frequency of anemic heifers was higher in COL- group at moments M4 and M5. Regarding leukogram, it was observed difference between groups for lymphocytes in M0 and M2 with higher values in COL-. Concerning moments, it was possible to detect leukocytosis by neutrophilia from M0 up to M1 and inversion of neutrophil:lymphocyte relation from this moment. Values of CD45+CD45RO- was higher in M0 for COL-, furthermore, increase of cellular memory marker expression CD45RO+ was observed from M0 to M1 in both groups. The CD3+gamma-delta- increased during the study. On the other hand, CD3+gamma-delta+ were lower in M5 in relation to M0-M3. Increase of CD14+MHCII+ values were also detected in the first month of life, indicating maturation of antigen presenting cells. Regarding cytokine production by mononuclear cells of heifers blood, it was possible to identify higher concentration of IFN-gamma in M4 when cells of COL- were stimulated with S. aureus (1 mononuclear: 10 inactivated bacteria). The concentration of IL-17 detected from COL+ cells was higher in M3, when cells were stimulated with ConA. Based on these results, it can be concluded that: a) COL- heifers presented higher frequency and intensity of diseases that evolved to anemia of inflammation; b) COL- heifers presented higher lymphocyte absolute number, represented specially by CD3+gamma-delta+ subsets in episodes of higher frequency of diarrhea; c) memory lymphocytes CD45RO+ increased after colostrum intake in both groups, suggesting that other acellular colostrum components can present fundamental role in development of immunological response in newborn heifers; d) the subset of CD3+gamma-delta- and the cells CD14+MHCII- and CD14+MHCII+ increased during the first month of life, indicating immunological maturation; e) heifers mononuclear cells did not respond for herpes virus bovine type 1, however, responded for bacterial stimulus, specially Escherichia coli. The interpretation of leukogram with the variation of presented analyses for inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-17, allow to state that heifers presented delayed inflammatory response and of lesser magnitude in COL-.
Peng, Hao. "Composition chimique et nanostructure des films passifs formés sur acier inoxydable austénitique : effet du molybdène." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066493/document.
Full textThe chemical composition of the air-formed native oxide film and the passive film formed in acidic medium (0.05 M H2SO4) at 500 mV/SHE on the (100)-oriented Fe-17Cr-14.5Ni-2.3Mo single crystal stainless steel surface was studied by Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These films can be considered as having a duplex structure with an outer layer enriched in Fe and an inner layer enriched in Cr. The passivation causes a net enrichment of Mo concentrated in the outer layer of the passive films. Aging in the passive state promotes the enrichment of molybdenum and its localization to the outermost surface of the passive film. The electronic properties of these films were studied by Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). The comparison of the Eg values measured by STS shows that the width of the band gap becomes much higher after passivation and aging in the passive state of the surface, in agreement with the enrichment of Cr3+, demonstrated by our ToF-SIMS and XPS measurements. The nanostructural modifications induced by passivation in acidic medium of the Fe-17Cr-14.5Ni-2.3Mo(100) surface covered by a native oxide film were studied by Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) ex situ and in situ, and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). An observed effect of Mo is to promote the nanostructural homogeneity of the passivated surface. Another effect of Mo could be to form an amorphous outer layer
Meinhardt, Miriam. "Der Einfluss der Informationsstruktur auf das Verständnis von Aktiv- und Passivsätzen im ungestörten Spracherwerb." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5956/.
Full textChildren acquire passive constructions later than most other syntactic structures. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether this phenomenon can be explained with an information-structural account. In former studies problems in the acquisition of the passive voice have often been attributed to its low input frequency or to its specific syntactic characteristics. However, none of these theories could sufficiently explain the late age of acquisition of passive structures. Sentences in the active voice, the canonical, unmarked, structure in German can be used in any discourse context while passive sentences are almost always used if the patient of the described action is GIVEN in the context and/ or serves as the TOPIC of the sentence. Therefore passive sentences cannot be used in any context without violating information structural constraints. It is more difficult for children – due to their less developed syntactic abilities – than for adults to process sentences which do not occur in an information structurally appropriate context. The present study examines the influence of the context on sentence comprehension abilities of German speaking children. Children at the age of 3;0 – 4;11 years were presented active or passive sentences in an information structurally appropriate, inappropriate or neutral context. As expected, children comprehended active sentences better than passive sentences, and 4-year olds performed better than 3-year olds. There was a tendency that 3-year olds comprehended passive sentences better but active sentences worse if the subject of the sentence was GIVEN in the context. However, there were no statistically significant context effects, in contrast to a similar study with English-speaking children (Gourley and Catlin, 1978). In addition, it could be shown that German-speaking children comprehended passive sentences better than English-speaking children in other studies. The results are explained with the Competition Model (Mac Whinney and Bates, 1987) and Stromswold’s (2002) theory of language processing. It is also discussed why German-speaking children showed different language comprehension abilities than English-speaking children.
Horvai, Peter. "Advection passive par des champs de vitesse stochastiques." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0003.
Full textMouchel, Paul. "Fonctions optiques basées sur des composants fibrés passifs : Collimation du signal issu d’une fibre optique et verrouillage de mode." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0055.
Full textThe development of fiber-based passive components is at stakes in the industry of fiber lasers.They are key components in order to meet the needs of critical markets. Two kinds of components are studied: collimators and real saturable absorbers. The former’s goal is to reduce the divergence of the output signal of a laser. When inserted in a cavity, the latter allows the generation of ultrashort pulses (order of the picosecond). We first developed a compact fiber collimator capable of transmitting up to 20 W of continuous optical signal. A more complex collimator was then developed. We are able to control the deviation and centring of the optical axes thanks to its design. The simulation of the component, the process of fabrication and the optical bench we specifically created for the alignment are discussed. The second component that we worked on is a real saturable absorber : a taper with graphene deposited on its waist. The reduction of the fiber diameter, the fabrication of the component and the process of deposition of graphene are described. We also studied the way the component behaves in the resonant cavity of a laser. The laser generated ultrashort pulses with an energy of 1 nJ and a duration of 4 ps. The average power of the laser is 520 mW. The limitations of the component are also discussed
Allani, Anissa. "Conception et optimisation d'amortisseurs à masse accordée pour les structures du génie civil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1137/document.
Full textThe architectural demand and the desire to reduce costs permit the construction of light structures with innovating shapes. The great flexibility of these structures makes them increasingly sensitive to the external dynamic loads such as traffic, wind and earthquakes. Vibration control techniques allow to construct modern buildings increasingly slender, and, whether they are economic or architecturally audacious. Instead of modifying the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of a structure, vibration control consists in producing reaction forces which are opposed to the negative effects of the external excitations when they appear. This technological advance has the great advantage to not influencing planners and architects’ work and it provides them with additional creative options in both geometrical and mechanical characteristics of buildings. We restrict our focus to passive vibration control. Among available passive vibration absorber systems, Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) were selected for their simplicity and reliability. A TMD consists of a mass, a dashpot, and a spring, and is commonly attached to a vibrating primary system to suppress undesirable vibrations. The performance of TMDs is strongly affected by the adjustment of their parameters. The problem is the optimization of the mechanical parameters of TMD and their location in order to attenuate vibrations of the main structure. This thesis is based on understanding the dynamic characteristics of TMD. It aims to make an innovative and original contribution to classify, generalize and optimize some criteria in order to ensure an optimal design of TMDs, depending on their application. Our work consisted to treat these criteria in an original way. After solving the direct problem based on the modelling of systems with one or several TMD, we tackled the indirect problem by considering various optimization criteria. Thus, several optimization criteria of the mechanical parameters of TMDs applied to a main system (single (SDOF) or multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF)) are used. The excitation of the main system can be done in two different ways; either on the base (for seismic application) or on the structure (for wind effects).Numerical simulations based on a time and frequency approach are used to examine the performance of each optimized model. The robustness of each optimization criterion is assessed by taken into account the uncertainties related to the change of the physical parameters of the main structure. Such problems can be discussed by considering sensitivity analysis for criteria under uncertainty of the optimum TMD parameters. A new and original contribution of this thesis is the design and optimization of multiple TMDs in parallel with a MDOF main structure. In this context, during seismic loads, modes in the main structure with relatively high effective masses can be readily excited by base excitation. Afterwards, optimization criterion can be developed based on the most sensitive storeys to vibration modes which are a cumulative modal effective mass fraction exceeding 90%. To protect structures under earthquake loads, we seek to assess the effectiveness of TMDs in mitigating the response of structure under different real earthquakes. A comparative study is then achieved with four real earthquakes applied on systems with TMD optimized parameters. To illustrate the results obtained, characterization tests are conducted on a TMD with damping by eddy currents effect and adjustable stiffness. They allow the validation of the model and optimization criterion adopted
Rigot, Sandra. "Stratégies et gouvernance des fonds de pension." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100204.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to identify theoretically and empirically strategies and governance of institutional investors specific to long term investors’ behavior. Indeed, these last investors have the advantage in term of strategic asset allocation because of their long horizon and their liabilities more and less defined. Because pension funds have contractual obligations to deliver benefits, we analyze their current strategies and governance and determine to what extent they are in line with long term behavior. Moreover, we investigate pension funds allocation to hedge funds and we underline key issues in this delegation relationship
Drouot, Philippe. "Reconfiguration de sonar passif comportant des hydrophones en panne : approche connexionniste." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30038.
Full textDanaila, Luminita. "Influence des grandes échelles sur le mélange turbulent d'un scalaire passif." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22125.
Full textNguyen, Trong Dai. "Influences des propriétés non-Newtoniennes sur un mélange de scalaire passif." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0084.
Full textThis thesis presents an experimental study of the mixing in complex fluids which is conducted in partnership with Sanofi Pasteur. The mixture is one of the most common act in everyday life and also in industrial activities. We found in the literature many studies focusing on the mixing tanks with objective to improve performance based on observation of large scale. By cons, in our knowledge, there is few or no research on the hydrodynamics of a mixture in complex fluides. In our work, we study non-Newtonian fluids formed of diluted solution of polymer which characterized by their viscoelastic and shear thinning properties. We used in this study aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide (PAA) or xanthan gum (XG). To identify the difference in behavior with Newtonian fluid, an experimental study with water is carried out under the same conditions as those non-Newtonian fluids. At first, this study was on a reduced mixing tank of Sanofi Pasteur. The results, which not shown in this thesis, led us to develop a fundamental study of flow in a mixer with a simple geometry. The objective is to be able to control the initial conditions and to avoid the side effects of agitation to focus on the mixture. For this, we chose a mixer in a T shape with two perpendicular inputs. Exploring 2D velocity and scalar concentration fields in this T-junction is provided simultaneously of optical techniques (PIV and PLIF). Observations show a significant effect on the hydodynamic and mixture related to the presence of polymers in the flow. In addition, results are used to calculate the Reynolds stress uv and the scalar flux vc and uc. They will be used to check their compliance with the k epsilon model that commonly used in industry
Asroun, Aïssa. "Étude du comportement des ancrages passifs scellés au rocher." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0297.
Full textPoulier, Gaelle. "Etude de l’échantillonnage intégratif passif pour l’évaluation réglementaire de la qualité des milieux aquatiques : application à la contamination en pesticides et en éléments trace métalliques des bassins versants du Trec et de l’Auvézère." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0032/document.
Full textThe intensive use of pesticides in agriculture and urban activities since the 1950s has led to diffuse contamination of environmental compartments (air, soil, water). The presence of these molecules can lead to toxic effects for biota. The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the use of an efficient monitoring network, based on reliable sampling and analytical techniques. Nowadays, grab sampling followed by extraction of analytes and chromatographic analysis is the most widespread strategy because of its simplicity of implementation but it also has numerous drawbacks. The crux of the issue lies in the lack of temporal representativeness and the low analytical sensibility. An alternative strategy to overcome some of these problems could be the use of passive samplers. This contribution aims at discuss about the possible application of passive samplers in regulatory monitoring programs. The originality of this work lies in :The variety of tested devices: three different samplers was studied (The Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS), the Chemcatcher and the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT). Conventional grab sampling strategies were also evaluated.The variety of studied environments: two very different watersheds were selected. The first one presented a high level of contamination; the second had a low contamination in pesticides.The implementation of passive samplers in a real regulatory context, as the selected streams were monitored by the Water Agency for operational control. Data from the Water Agency could therefore be compared with passive sampler data
Dorenlor, Julie. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement en corrosion et des évolutions microstructurales d’alliages Ni-Co : application au cas d’un alliage Ni-20Co utilisé dans l’aéronautique." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC207.
Full textNi-Co alloys are used in shielding of leading edge of helicopter blades, due to their good corrosion and wear resistance, mechanical strength and magnetic properties. These binary alloys form a solid solution with a face-centered cubic structure when the cobalt content is less than about 70 %. The study materials Ni, Ni-20Co and Ni-50Co were produced by fusion, before undergoing cold rolling deformation, and annealing at 850 °C. They are characterized by a microstructure with a grain size between 5 and 14 µm, a high fraction of Σ3 boundaries, a low stress state and an absence of texture. The observation of the microstructural evolution during annealing made it possible to determine the kinetics of recrystallization and to identify the Cube texture as a limiting factor. The electroformed, nanocrystalline industrial alloy Ni-20Co was also examined, and its grain size was increased to resemble the model material. Corrosion properties were studied in two electrolytes (30 g/L NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4) to determine the impact of composition and microstructural parameters on corrosion resistance and passivation mechanisms. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed the passive character of nickel rich samples, and revealed the detrimental influence of cobalt. However, a composition similar to that of the industrial alloy does not significantly degrade the corrosion performance. A high density of grain boundaries, a large fraction of twin boundaries, or a (111) orientation, are identified as beneficial microstructural parameters for corrosion resistance. A higher susceptibility to pitting, due to Cl- ions, is observed for the industrial alloy, certainly related to the electroforming process. Finally, the model materials exhibit an active-passive behaviour, typical of nickel alloys in an acidic medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky tests enable to characterize the electrochemical and semiconductor properties of the passive layers. The different results seem to converge towards a less efficient passivity linked to an increasing fraction of cobalt in solid solution
Mettot, Clément. "Stabilité linéaire, sensibilité et contrôle passif d'écoulements turbulents par différences finies." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00921908.
Full textFuks, Bruno. "Contribution à l'étude du transport passif des ions au travers des membranes du chloroplaste." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212552.
Full textSouto, Marta Oliveira. "Avaliação electromiográfica dos efeitos da aplicação de bandas neuromusculares nos músculos extensores lombares durante uma tarefa de mobilização passiva." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4966.
Full textObjectivo: Avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de bandas neuromusculares (BNM) na actividade electromiográfica (EMG) dos extensores lombares do terapeuta, durante a execução de uma tarefa de mobilização passiva fisiológica da articulação coxofemoral para hiperextensão. Métodos: 15 participantes (7 femininos e 8 masculinos) com média de idades de 23,20±3,28 anos, foram submetidos a avaliação electromiográfica antes, durante e após a tarefa de mobilização passiva. Cada participante foi avaliado nos mesmos 3 dias da mesma semana. Resultados: Existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o primeiro dia, correspondeste ao controlo, e o segundo dia de avaliação, com aplicação aguda da BNM nos músculos extensores lombares esquerdos. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a aplicação aguda da BNM reduziu a actividade electromiográfica dos músculos erectores da coluna lombar esquerdos durante a tarefa de mobilização passiva da articulação coxo-femoral.
Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the application of kinesiology tape (KT) in the electromyographic (EMG) signal on the therapist lumbar extensor muscles, during a task of physiological passive mobilization of the hip joint for hyperextension. Methods: 15 subjects (7 female and 8 male) with a mean age of 23,20±3,28 years, participated in the study. They were evaluated with surface electromyography before, during and after the task of passive mobilization. Each subject was assessed on the same 3 days of the same weak. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the first day of evaluation, corresponding to control, and the second day of evaluation, with acute KT application, on the left lumbar extensor muscles during a task of passive mobilization, between the first and second days. Conclusion: The results suggest that the application of KT reduces the electromyographic activity on the left lumbar extensor muscles during the task of physiological passive mobilization of the hip joint.
Bem, Samuel Henrique Camara de. "Avaliação dos efeitos da irrigação ultrassônica passiva, por meio de microtomografia computadorizada, microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58133/tde-24052016-161824/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to determine by μCT the internal volume increasing, after using of P.U.I., in different dental substrates (human and bovine); the removal of the smear layer and debris from the root canal, after using P.U.I. with different irrigation solutions, using SEM e OM. In order to verify the internal volume increasing, 20 teeth (ten humans and ten bovine) were selected and standardized with 17 mm ± 1 mm of length. Human teeth were prepared to a final diameter of #50/05. As the bovine teeth presents large root canal, they did not receive biomechanical preparation. Each tooth was fixed on a movable platform on the μCT device and the first test was carried out. The specimens were subjected to P.U.I. (EMS device with 32 KHz of frequency) in order to performed the second μCT test respecting the same standards. Images were captured and compared before and after P.U.I. Fourth six mandibular canine teeth were selected to verify the smear layer and debris removal. The teeth were prepared to the final diameter of #50/05 and subjected to P.U.I. with different irrigation solutions: G3 (Saline); G4 (NaOCl 1 %); G5 (EDTA-C 17 %); G6 (NaOCl 1% / EDTA-C 17 %). After P.U.I. 24 teeth were prepared and analyzed using SEM and 22 teeth were subjected to histological processing and thus analyzed with OM. The present smear layer was determined by score s\' attribution ranging from 1 - 4. Presence of debris was determined by attribution of the screen integration from the Image J software. Data were analyzed with the support of BioEstat 5.0 software. The results showed that P.U.I. significantly increased the internal volume of root canal of human (p=0,008) and bovine teeth (p=0,002). The P.U.I. did not remove the smear layer nor debris (p=0,1923) statistically significant. It was concluded that P.U.I. is not passive, it increases the internal volume of root canal independently of the tested dental substrates; it did not remove the smear layer, but significantly decreased the onset of action of the final solution; it did not promote statistically significant differences regarding the debris removal however independently of the final irrigation solution to carry out P.U.I. increases the root canal debris removal.
Renteux, Elisabeth. "Exposition et effets du tabagisme passif pour la santé des non-fumeurs." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P077.
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