Journal articles: 'Du Bois-Reymond'

1

Robertson, Debra, and J. J. Cross. "Paul du Bois-Reymond." Historia Mathematica 12, no. 2 (May 1985): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(85)90005-9.

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Edmunds, Malcolm. "EVELINE DU BOIS REYMOND MARCUS." Journal of Molluscan Studies 57, no. 1 (1991): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/57.1.141.

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FINKELSTEIN, GABRIEL. "M. du Bois-Reymond goes to Paris." British Journal for the History of Science 36, no. 3 (September 2003): 261–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087403005065.

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This article examines the science of electrophysiology developed by Emil du Bois-Reymond in Berlin in the 1840s. In it I recount his major findings, the most significant being his proof of the electrical nature of nerve signals. Du Bois-Reymond also went on to detect this same ‘negative variation’, or action current, in live human subjects. In 1850 he travelled to Paris to defend this startling claim. The essay concludes with a discussion of why his demonstration failed to convince his hosts at the French Academy of Sciences.La science ne consiste pas en faits, mais dans les conséquences que l'on en tire.Claude Bernard, Introduction à l'étude de la médicine expérimentaleGood talkers are only found in Paris.François Villon, Des Femmes de Paris

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Przeworska-Rolewicz, D., and H. Wysocki. "A generalization of Lagrange, du Bois-Reymond and Legendre lemmas using the algebraic analysis theory." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 41, no. 3 (September 2004): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/012.2004.41.3.1.

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PEARCE, J. M. S. "Emil Heinrich Du Bois-Reymond (1818-96)." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 71, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.71.5.620.

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Finkelstein, Gabriel. "Emil du Bois-Reymond vs Ludimar Hermann." Comptes Rendus Biologies 329, no. 5-6 (May 2006): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2006.03.005.

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Finkelstein, Gabriel. "Haeckel and du Bois-Reymond: rival German Darwinists." Theory in Biosciences 138, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12064-019-00282-6.

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Kamocki, Rafał. "Variational Methods for a Fractional Dirichlet Problem Involving Jumarie’s Derivative." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/248517.

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We investigate a fractional Dirichlet problem involving Jumarie’s derivative. Using some variational methods a theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a solution to such problem is proved. In the proof of the main result we use a fractional counterpart of the du Bois-Reymond fundamental lemma.

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Skalny, Marcin. "Intuicyjne koncepcje kontinuum." Humanistyka i Przyrodoznawstwo, no. 22 (August 18, 2018): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/hip.396.

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W artykule autor rozważa koncepcje kontinuum oparte na intuicji stworzone przez Giusseppe Veronesa, Paula du Bois-Reymond, Franza Brentano, Charlesa Sandersa Peirca i Henriego Poincarego w odpowiedzi na idee arytmetycznego kontinuum Richarda Dedekinda i Georga Cantora. Stara się znaleźć wspólny czynnik, który łączy pojęcia intuicyjnego kontinuum użyte przez wspomnianych matematyków i filozofów.

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Winogrodzka, Dominika, and Justyna Sarnowska. "Tranzycyjny efekt jojo w sekwencjach społecznych młodych migrantów." Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej 15, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 130–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.15.4.07.

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Wydłużająca się edukacja czy uelastycznienie się rynków pracy powodują, że poszczególne etapy wczesnodorosłego życia młodych ludzi oraz podejmowane role społeczne przenikają się (Wyn, Dwyer 2002; Mayer 2005; Biggart, Walther 2006; Kohli 2007; Du Bois-Reymond 2009; Heinz 2009; Mary 2014). Młodzi ludzie wchodzą w dorosłość coraz częściej w sposób nielinearny, doświadczając powrotów do etapów czy sytuacji z przeszłości, co w literaturze zostało opisane jako „tranzycja jojo” (Du Bois-Reymond, López Blasco 2003; Heinz 2009; Walther 2009; Hörschelmann 2011; Borlagdan 2015). „Jojoizacja tranzycji” dotyczy również procesu przechodzenia z edukacji do rynku pracy, które jest coraz bardziej rozciągnięte w czasie, zróżnicowane i trudne do przewidzenia (Walther 2006). Jednym z istotnych zjawisk towarzyszących inicjacji zawodowej współczesnych młodych dorosłych jest mobilność międzynarodowa (King 2018; Robertson, Harris, Baldassar 2018), która znacznie wpływa na kształt ścieżek edukacyjno-zawodowych młodych ludzi.Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie o rolę migracji zagranicznych w występowaniu tranzycyjnego efektu jojo. Na bazie studiów przypadku ścieżek edukacyjno-zawodowych migrantów przedstawione zostaną tranzycje ludzi młodych na rodzimy i zagraniczny rynek pracy, zarówno w wymiarze obiektywnym, jak i subiektywnym. Jako metoda analizy posłuży jakościowa adaptacja analizy sekwencji społecznych (Cornwell 2015).

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Finkelstein, Gabriel. "Emil du Bois-Reymond on “The Seat of the Soul”." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964704x.2013.799415.

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Lenoir, Timothy. "Dokumente einer Freundschaft: Briefwechsel zwischen Hermann von Helmholtz und Emil du Bois-Reymond, 1846-1894. Hermann von Helmholtz , Emil du Bois-Reymond , Christa Kirsten." Isis 78, no. 2 (June 1987): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/354454.

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Beiermann, Lea, and Elisabeth Wesseling. "Physiology and philhellenism in the late nineteenth century: The self-fashioning of Emil du Bois-Reymond." Science in Context 33, no. 1 (March 2020): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889720000101.

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ArgumentNineteenth-century Prussia was deeply entrenched in philhellenism, which affected the ideological framework of its public institutions. At Berlin’s Friedrich Wilhelm University, philhellenism provided the rationale for a persistent elevation of the humanities over the burgeoning experimental life sciences. Despite this outspoken hierarchy, professor of physiology Emil du Bois-Reymond eventually managed to increase the prestige of his discipline considerably. We argue that du Bois-Reymond’s use of philhellenic repertoires in his expositions on physiology for the educated German public contributed to the rise of physiology as a renowned scientific discipline. Du Bois-Reymond’s rhetorical strategies helped to disassociate experimental physiology from clinical medicine, legitimize experimental practices, and associate the emerging discipline with the more esteemed humanities and theoretical sciences. His appropriation of philhellenic rhetoric thus spurred the late nineteenth-century change in disciplinary hierarchies and helped to pave the way for the current hegemonic position of the life sciences.

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Pecere, Paolo. "Reconsidering the ignorabimus: du Bois-Reymond and the hard problem of consciousness." Science in Context 33, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889720000095.

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ArgumentIn this paper I present an interpretation of du Bois-Reymond’s thesis on the impossibility of a scientific explanation of consciousness and of its present importance. I reconsider du Bois-Reymond’s speech “On the limits of natural science” (1872) in the context of nineteenth-century German philosophy and neurophysiology, pointing out connections and analogies with contemporary arguments on the “hard problem of consciousness.” Du Bois-Reymond’s position turns out to be grounded on an epistemological argument and characterized by a metaphysical skepticism, motivated by the unfruitful speculative tendency of contemporary German philosophy and natural science. In the final sections, I show how contemporary research can benefit from a reconsideration of this position and its context of emergence, which is a good vantage point to trace open problems in consciousness studies back to their historical development.

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Cranefield, Paul F. "Carl Ludwig and Emil du Bois-Reymond: A Study in Contrasts." Gesnerus 45, no. 2 (November 23, 1988): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-04502008.

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Casper, Stephen T. "Emil du Bois-Reymond and the tradition of German physiological science." Metascience 24, no. 1 (November 20, 2014): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-014-9943-2.

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Baricz, Árpád, Dragana Jankov Maširević, and Tibor K. Pogány. "Approximation of CDF of Non-Central Chi-Square Distribution by Mean-Value Theorems for Integrals." Mathematics 9, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9020129.

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The cumulative distribution function of the non-central chi-square distribution χn′2(λ) of n degrees of freedom possesses an integral representation. Here we rewrite this integral in terms of a lower incomplete gamma function applying two of the second mean-value theorems for definite integrals, which are of Bonnet type and Okamura’s variant of the du Bois–Reymond theorem. Related results are exposed concerning the small argument cases in cumulative distribution function (CDF) and their asymptotic behavior near the origin.

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Baricz, Árpád, Dragana Jankov Maširević, and Tibor K. Pogány. "Approximation of CDF of Non-Central Chi-Square Distribution by Mean-Value Theorems for Integrals." Mathematics 9, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9020129.

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The cumulative distribution function of the non-central chi-square distribution χn′2(λ) of n degrees of freedom possesses an integral representation. Here we rewrite this integral in terms of a lower incomplete gamma function applying two of the second mean-value theorems for definite integrals, which are of Bonnet type and Okamura’s variant of the du Bois–Reymond theorem. Related results are exposed concerning the small argument cases in cumulative distribution function (CDF) and their asymptotic behavior near the origin.

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González Vieli, Francisco Javier. "An analogue of the Du Bois-Reymond theorem for multidimensional Fourier integrals." Integral Transforms and Special Functions 24, no. 1 (January 2013): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10652469.2012.666744.

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Wegener, Daan. "Science and Internationalism in Germany: Helmholtz, Du Bois-Reymond and Their Critics." Centaurus 51, no. 4 (October 27, 2009): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2009.00151.x.

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Bayer, Frederick M. "A new Isidid octocoral (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea) from the Galapagos rift." Boletim de Zoologia 10, no. 10 (October 26, 1986): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-3358.bolzoo.1986.122351.

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É descrito e ilustrado um gorgonáceo isidideo novo, coletado pelo submarino de profundidade "Alvin", das proximidades de aberturas hidrotermais ao longo de falha das Galápagos. A espécie caracteriza-se por sua colônia não ramificada e rígida com internodos distais muito longos e cobertos por mesogléia gelatinosa excepcionalmente grossa contendo muito poucos escleritos esparsos. Os antocódios dos pólipos possuem bastões grossos com extremidades rombudas dispostos em oito áreas que se estendem ao longo dos septos e bastões menores e escama nos tentáculos e pínulas. A espécie é dedicada à Dra. Eveline du Bois-Reymond Marcus.

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MICHALCZYK, ŁUKASZ, and ŁUKASZ KACZMAREK. "A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze." Zootaxa 331, no. 1 (October 21, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.331.1.1.

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Six moss samples collected in the Greek part of Cyprus contained tardigrades and their eggs, also adults and eggs of a new species, Macrobiotus reinhardti sp. nov. The new species belongs to the harmsworthi group and differs from the most similar M. stellaris Du Bois-Reymond Marcus in details of the egg shell and some morphometric characters. In this paper we also propose new terminology describing the oral (mouth) cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze, on the basis of Scanning Electron Microscopy investigation of two macrobiotid species. According to the new terminology, all groups of cuticular structures in the oral cavity should be described as bands of teeth.

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PARETI, GERMANA, and ARMANDO DE PALMA. "THE WAYS OF METAPHOR IN NEUROSCIENCE, OR BEING ON THE RIGHT OR WRONG TRACK." Nuncius 22, no. 1 (2007): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539107x00059.

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Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title In the 19th century progress in communication systems induced Hermann von Helmholtz and Emil du Bois-Reymond to compare nervous fibres to telegraph wires aiming to familiarize the neural net already independently described. Owing to neurophysiological developments, this metaphorical way of speaking collapsed. In the 1820's Edgar Adrian chose the Morse code, shifting the paradigm from a mechanical to a semantical model: the fibre served to communicate information by means of a code based on frequencies of impulses. Later the term 'neural code' became simply a metaphor, thus helping to fill a cognitive gap: this move, however, could lead to snags neurophysiologists might encounter adopting it.

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Guenther, Katja. "Emil du Bois-Reymond: Neuroscience, Self, and Society in Nineteenth-Century Germanyby Gabriel Finkelstein." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 24, no. 2 (December 17, 2014): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964704x.2014.962730.

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Schiller, Francis. "Book Review: Rudolf Virchow und Emil du Bois-Reymond: "Briefe, 1864-1894"." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 71, no. 1 (1997): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.1997.0039.

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Biehler, Rolf. "Functional Thinking with Graphs." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 25, no. 5 (November 1994): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.25.5.0526.

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The representation of functions by curves and areas, however, has opened a new world of notions and taught one of the most fruitful methods by which the human mind has enhanced its own powers, … Between two arbitrary quantities, one of which may be conceived of as being dependent on the other, no relationship, not even the most complicated one, is conceivable which would not be representable by a curve, a fact instructively documented by Quetelelt's representation of the penchant towards crime, literary talent, etc., by curves as a function of the individual's age. This way of imagin ing the connection between things thus is just as useful for the administrator, the national economist, the physicist and the meteorologist. (Emil du Bois-Reymond, my translation. R. B.)

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Przeworska-Rolewicz, Danuta, and Hubert Wysocki. "A generalization of Lagrange, du Bois--Reymond and Legendre lemmas using the algebraic analysis theory." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 41, no. 3 (2004): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sscmath.41.2004.3.1.

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Reiß, Christian. "Emil du Bois-Reymond: Neuroscience, Self and Society in Nineteenth Century Germany - by Gabriel Finkelstein." Centaurus 57, no. 1 (January 27, 2015): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12077.

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Hare, Edward. "The History of ‘Nervous Disorders' from 1600 to 1840, and a Comparison with Modern Views." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 1 (July 1991): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.1.37.

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In the 18th century the main varieties of nervous illness – hypochondria, hysteria, the spleen, the vapours and dyspepsia – became included under the general term ‘nervous disorders'. When no physical disorder of the nerves could be detected in such conditions, the hypothesis of nervous disorder was replaced by the more vague concept of ‘nervous temperament’. The fact that there is still no evidence of pathological change in such cases continues to expose physicians to the alternative hypothesis of a purely psychological cause. The modern era in our understanding of the nervous system may be said to date from 1843 when Du Bois Reymond showed the electrical nature of nervous conduction. The publication of Jordan'sBriefe Discoursein 1603 may be taken to represent the start of a discrete period (1600 to 1840) in the history of neurotic illness.

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OHTAKA, AKIFUMI. "Taxonomical study of Japanese Aulodrilus Bretscher (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificinae) with descriptions of two new species." Zootaxa 4952, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.1.

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Seven species of the genus Aulodrilus (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificinae) are studied, based on new material from Japan. Aulodrilus dentosus sp. nov. is characterized as having tubular atrium, forked or bifid distal ends of dorsal crotchets, but no genital chaetae, and A. aestivus sp. nov. is characterized as having crescent-shaped atrium, median male bursa, and bifid chaetae in the dorsal bundles. Five other congeners are redescribed: A. limnobius Bretscher, A. pluriseta (Piguet), A. pigueti Kowalewski, A. japonicus Yamaguchi, and A. americanus Brinkhurst & Cook. Comparison of taxonomic characters among the 14 species recognized in the genus to date shows that three species differ from other congeners in several features: A. paucichaeta Brinkhurst & Barbour, A. adetus (du Bois-Reymond Marcus), and A. apeniatus Cui & Wang. They are provisionally maintained in the genus.

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Dierig, S. "Urbanization, Place of Experiment And How the Electric Fish Was Caught by Emil Du Bois-Reymond." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2000): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/0964-704x(200004)9:1;1-2;ft005.

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Lemmerich, J. "Die Hertzsche Entdeckung im Briefwechsel zwischen Hermann von Helmholtz, Emil du Bois-Reymond und Karl Runge." Physik Journal 44, no. 7 (July 1988): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19880440721.

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Fullinwider, S. P. "Darwin faces Kant: a study in nineteenth-century physiology." British Journal for the History of Science 24, no. 1 (March 1991): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400028430.

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Recent explorations into Sigmund Freud's intellectual development by Frank Sulloway and Lucille Ritvo have directed attention to the significance of evolutionary theory for psychoanalysis. In this paper I shall pursue the exploration by showing how Darwin was received by members of the so-called Helmholtz circle (Hermann von Helmholtz, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Ernst Brücke) and certain of Freud's teachers in the University of Vienna medical school. I will make the point that the Leibniz–Kant background of these several scientists was important for this reception. I will argue that the Leibniz–Kant tradition came forward to Freud by two roads, Helmholtz's unconscious inference as foundation for a physiology of the senses, and Arthur Schopenhauer's not unrelated uses of the principle of sufficient reason to explain the possibility of lawlikeness in a universe of lawless energies. Finally, I will suggest ways in which Freud received and used the tradition.

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Plotnikov, M. G. "Several properties of generalized multivariate integrals and theorems of the du Bois-Reymond type for Haar series." Sbornik: Mathematics 198, no. 7 (August 31, 2007): 967–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/sm2007v198n07abeh003869.

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Schmidgen, Henning. "Leviathan and the Myograph: Hermann Helmholtz's “Second Note” on the Propagation Speed of Nervous Stimulations." Science in Context 28, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 357–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889715000174.

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ArgumentIn the winter of 1849–1850 in Königsberg, German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894) conducted pioneering measurements concerning the propagation speed of stimulations in the living nerve. While recent historians of science have paid considerable attention to Helmholtz's uses of the graphic method, in particular his construction of an instrument called “myographion,” this paper draws attention to the inscription surfaces that he used in effective ways for capturing and transmitting his findings. Against the background of recent archival findings, I show that Helmholtz used isinglass copies of his graphical recordings in order to communicate the basic principle of previous measurements to the academic public. As the correspondence with his Berlin-based friend and colleague Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896) and the subsequent development of the myographion make clear, these curves were not meant as measurements but functioned as demonstrations. In other words, Helmholtz's curves did provide “images of precision” (Olesko and Holmes 1993) – but they were not precise images.

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DE OLIVEIRA, KARINE GOBETTI, and FERNANDO CARBAYO. "A catalogue of Eudóxia M. Froehlich's collection of planarians (Platyhelminthes) with emphasis on type specimens on histological slides." Zootaxa 4564, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.10.

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Leading taxonomist Prof. Eudóxia Maria Froehlich (1929*–2015†) kept an uncatalogued personal collection of a large set of histological glass slides of land planarians. Many of these slides carry insufficient written information for identification purposes. 2287 slides of her collection were examined under the microscope and compared with relevant literature. We found 1633 slides bearing type material of a total of 119 nominal species, mostly collected in the Neotropical region. Identification of 148 slides (belonging to 16 species) as type material is suspected but not confirmed. Type material represents 110 triclad species. There is also type material of two Polycladida, two Rhabdocoela, three Proseriata, one Prolecitophora, and one Acoelomorpha species. The 119 nominal species were described by Ernest Marcus, Eveline du Bois Reymond-Marcus, Diva Diniz Corrêa, Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich, and Eudóxia Maria Froehlich. While keeping the slides in their original location in cupboards, the catalogue provides a quick means of retrieving desired slides. Slides were deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo.

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LUCENA, RUDÁ AMORIM, and MARTIN LINDSEY CHRISTOFFERSEN. "An annotated checklist of Brazilian sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)." Zootaxa 4370, no. 2 (January 9, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4370.2.1.

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The Brazilian coast is over 7000 km long. It is comprised of diverse environments such as reef, lagoons and mangroves. These diverse habitats support great biological diversity but, due to the extension of the coast, knowledge of the pycnogonid fauna is poor and fragmented. Records from Brazil began with Krøyer in the 1840s. Collections from Brazilian waters by the "H.M.S. Challenger" and "Vettor Pisani" expeditions were published by Hoek (1881) and Schimkewitsch (1888). For almost 50 years there were no further publications, until Marcus (1940c) published his comprehensive paper on the South American fauna. Publications peaked between the 1940s and 1960s, with papers by Marcus, Sawaya, Mello-Leitão, Corrêa, Du Bois- Reymond Marcus, Hedgpeth and Stock. Approximately 40 papers based on material from Brazilian waters were published at this time, which recorded 65 species for Brazil. The aim of the present work is to provide a checklist of the Brazilian pycnogonids while providing a historical review and a full account of the corresponding literature.

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Normandin, Sebastian. "d & D: duplo Dilema: du Bois-Reymond e Driesch, ou a vitalidade do Vitalismo (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 85, no. 2 (2011): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2011.0047.

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Veit-Brause, Irmline. "The making of modern scientific personae: the scientist as a moral person? Emil Du Bois-Reymond and his friends." History of the Human Sciences 15, no. 4 (October 2002): 19–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695102015004678.

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Engstrom, Eric J. "The Mind of the Nation: Völkerpsychologie in Germany, 1851–1955Emil du Bois-Reymond: Neuroscience, Self, and Society in Nineteenth-Century Germany." German History 33, no. 2 (March 3, 2015): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghv013.

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Bacher, Johann, and Claudia Wenzig. "Peter Büchner, Manuela du Bois-Reymond, Jutta Ecarius, Burkhard Fuhs und Heinz-Hermann Krüger: Teenie-Welten. Aufwachsen in drei europäischen Regionen." KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 53, no. 1 (March 2001): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11577-001-0026-1.

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Idczak, Dariusz. "The generalization of the Du Bois-Reymond lemma for functions of two variables to the case of partial derivatives of any order." Banach Center Publications 35, no. 1 (1996): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/-35-1-221-236.

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Koehler, PJ, and H. Isler. "The Early Use of Ergotamine in Migraine. Edward Woakes' Report of 1868, Its Theoretical and Practical Background and Its International Reception." Cephalalgia 22, no. 8 (October 2002): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00422.x.

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Although ergot had been used in obstetrics for several centuries, it was proposed for the treatment of migraine only in the 19th century. The British ENT-surgeon Edward Woakes (1837-1912) recommended ergot as a vasoconstricting agent for migraine and other neurogenic conditions associated with vasodilatation in 1868. He subscribed to the theory of vasodilatation by sympathetic deficit, presented in the early 1850s by Brown-Séquard and Claude Bernard. Du Bois-Reymond proposed vasoconstriction by sympathetic overactivity as the cause of migraine in 1860; Brown-Séquard opposed this in favour of vasodilatation. Vasodilatation due to sympathetic deficit in migraine was again supported by Möllendorf, with clinical evidence, in 1867. Woakes' paper of 1868 introduced ergot as a vasoconstrictor for the same condition. Reception abroad was prompt. A German version appeared in 1869, and Eulenburg cited Woakes in his textbook of 1871. Eulenburg presented the use of ergot for migraine as a routine measure in the second edition of his textbook in 1878, and in a paper published in 1883. The method was internationally accepted, but it became really popular only after the isolation of pure ergotamine in 1918, resulting in the first reliable compounds with stable properties and predictable effects. Contrary to Woakes' theory, in the early 20th century ergot was used for migraine because of its well-documented adrenolytic properties, as migraine was by then again believed to be a sympathotonic and vasospastic condition.

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Vossen, H. "F. Meijers, M. du Bois-Reymond, Op zoek naar een moderne pedagogische norm. Beeldvorming over de jeugd in de jaren vijftig: het massajeugdonderzoek (1948-1952)." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 104, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.3110.

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McNeely, Ian F. "Emil du Bois-Reymond: Neuroscience, Self, and Society in Nineteenth-Century Germany. By Gabriel Finkelstein. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013. Cloth $38.00. ISBN 978-0262019507." Central European History 48, no. 3 (September 2015): 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938915000655.

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Brain, Robert Michael. "Sven Dierig. Wissenschaft in der Machinenstadt: Emil Du Bois‐Reymond und seine Laboratorien in Berlin. 303 pp., figs., bibls. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2006. €39 (paper)." Isis 99, no. 2 (June 2008): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/591361.

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47

Gradmann, Christoph. "Wenig, Klaus: Rudolf Virchöw und Emil du Bois-Reymond. Briefe 1864-1894. Marburg, Basilisken-Presse, 1995. 214 S. DM 110.-. ISBN 3-925347-31-3." Gesnerus 53, no. 1-2 (November 27, 1996): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0530102045.

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48

Vieira, Leandro Manzoni, and Alvaro Esteves Migotto. "Checklist dos Entoprocta do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Biota Neotropica 11, suppl 1 (December 2011): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000500018.

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O Filo Entoprocta compreende cerca de 180 espécies de metazoários aquáticos e sésseis, na grande maioria marinho. Esses animais são encontrados em substratos diversos, incluindo seixos, algas, conchas e outros animais. Apesar da semelhança com outros organismos coloniais, como hidrozoários e briozoários, os entoproctos são distintos pelo corpo constituído por um cálice distal com tentáculos ciliados, sustentado por um pedúnculo fixo no substrato através do pé ou estolão. A relação do grupo é bastante obscura, e estudos taxonômicos e morfológicos são escassos em todo mundo. Devido sobretudo ao trabalho de Ernest Marcus e Eveline Du Bois-Reymond-Marcus, realizado entre as décadas de 1930 e 1970, são conhecidas 18 espécies na costa brasileira, 16 das quais relatadas para o estado de São Paulo. Infelizmente, grande parte do material tipo descrito por eles está provavelmente perdido, sendo localizados apenas alguns nas coleções do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) e Natural History Museum em Londres (NHMUK). Assim, o conhecimento sobre a taxonomia, biologia e ecologia é restrito a algumas espécies e localidades. A ausência de levantamentos faunísticos e monitoramentos dificulta uma avaliação detalhada da composição e alteração da fauna em regiões impactadas. Atualmente, não existem especialistas em Entoprocta em São Paulo ou no Brasil, e devido à baixa diversidade do filo, só se justifica a capacitação de especialistas que se dediquem também a outros grupos, como Ectoprocta (Bryozoa). A formação de coleções científicas, como a do MZUSP, pode atrair o interesse de pesquisadores para estudo taxonômicos e de outros aspectos dos espécimes brasileiros, até agora pouco conhecidos.

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Giulio, Camillo Di, Franca Daniele, and Charles M. Tipton. "Angelo Mosso and muscular fatigue: 116 years after the first congress of physiologists: IUPS commemoration." Advances in Physiology Education 30, no. 2 (June 2006): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00041.2005.

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At the first International Congress of Physiologists in Basel, Switzerland, the Italian physiologist Angelo Mosso (1846–1910) discussed his findings on muscular fatigue while demonstrating the functioning of an ergograph (work recorder). One hundred sixteen years later, Mosso's career, scientific accomplishments, and legacy in the study of muscular fatigue were commemorated at the 2005 International Congress of Physiological Sciences. After receiving his degree in Medicine and Surgery from Turin, Italy, in 1870, Mosso was able to study and interact with renowned physiologists as Wilhelm Ludwig, Du Bois-Reymond, Hugo Kronecker, and Etienne Marey. By 1879, he was Professor of Physiology at the University in Turin, where he conducted research pertaining to blood circulation, respiration, physical education, high-altitude physiology, and muscular fatigue. Using tracings from the ergograph (concentric contractions of the flexor muscles of the middle finger that were volitionally or electrically stimulated), he was able to characterize muscle fatigue and to associate its occurrence with central or peripheral influences. He demonstrated that exercise would increase muscular strength and endurance while prolonging the occurrence of fatigue, which he postulated was a chemical process that involved the production of toxic substances such as carbonic acid. The phenomenon of contracture was described, and his collective studies led to the formulation of laws pertaining to exhaustion and to the 1891 publication of La Fatica (Fatigue). Besides La Fatica, Mosso will be remembered as a scientist with a love for physiology, a concern for the social welfare of his countrymen, and as one who sought to integrate physiological, philosophical, and psychological concepts in his experimental studies.

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Veit-Brause, Irmline. "Scientists and the cultural politics of academic disciplines in late 19th-century Germany: Emil Du Bois-Reymond and the controversy over the role of the cultural sciences." History of the Human Sciences 14, no. 4 (November 2001): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095269510101400402.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Du Bois-Reymond'

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