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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Du brome'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Howard, Claire L. "Comparative ecology of four brome grasses." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316635.

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2

Huttanus, Temsha D. "Introduction and spread of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) into midwestern United States : population genetic and evolutionary consequences /." [Boise, Idaho] : Boise State University, 2009. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/52/.

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3

Agbalog, Rose E. Medler Michael. "Effects of fire on cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) : a case study of fire restoration in the Lake Chelan National Recreation Area, Washington /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=350&CISOBOX=1&REC=16.

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4

Hohnhorst, Amanda Kay. "The effects of suppressive bacteria on the germination and growth of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.)." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/a_hohnhorst_062509.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in natural resource sciences)--Washington State University, August 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 5, 2009). "Department of Natural Resource Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 12-15).
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5

McEvilla, Joshua. "Richard Brome, 1632-1659 : reconceptualising Caroline drama through Commonwealth print." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/773/.

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The present study considers Brome’s playbooks and his reputation as a dramatist from the perspective of different approaches to ‘the history of the book.’ It examines various methods of critical discourse while it re-evaluates the worth of a dramatist whose work has been underappreciated. The study takes seven unconventional approaches as the Complete Works of Richard Brome Project (forthcoming 2010) will be addressing the theatricality of Brome’s plays; and, because Matthew Steggle’s 2004 monograph, Richard Brome: Place and Politics on the Caroline Stage, synthesises most discoveries about Brome’s life and career found in recent years. Chapter 1 speculates on how the commercial and political context of play publication can impact the received meaning of plays as texts. It reflects on how bibliographical environments can create meaning. Chapter 2, on the other hand, looks at the effect that delayed publication had on Brome’s late-Caroline revivals. It explores twentieth-century ideas of “decadence” once associated with Brome. Chapter 3 addresses a series of related issues bearing in mind certain print conventions and performance practices. In it, I contend that certain print conventions had yet to become standardised in the 1630s. I do so using a cast list and a pamphlet to suggest community expectation behind the staging of Brome’s Antipodes. Chapter 4 examines Brome’s syncretic texts. This examination is founded upon an understanding that play-writers could act as ‘play patchers’ – Tiffany Stern’s term – and that such ‘patching’ must be acknowledged in the study of printed books. Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 show how Brome’s career as an author, which has been studied through his plays, involved theatrical and non-theatrical creativity. Brome’s commendatory verses allow me to address issues of “paratext,” i.e., concerns that have become apparent because of English translations of Seuils. Brome’s non-theatrical publications indicate to me that Brome, as a dramatist, was more than simply aware of print – as Lukas Erne has argued of Shakespeare. Brome’s skills as a literary contributor (c. 1639) provided him with opportunities for employment (c. 1649). My final chapter stresses the significance of playtexts of the 1630s and playtexts of the 1650s by reconsidering the reception of Brome’s plays as playbooks. It also suggests that the Commonwealth period – a period in which the public performance of Brome’s plays was forbidden – became a defining force in his twentieth-century biography.
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6

Elwood, Heather. "Integrated Management of Downy Brome (Bromus Tectorum L.) Infested Rangeland." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2019.

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Invasive weed species are a threat to the health and functionality of many rangeland systems. Downy brome (Bromus tectorum) is an invasive annual grass that affects the productivity of rangelands by decreasing the grazing capacity for livestock as well as altering the wildfire cycle and competing against more desirable vegetation for limited resources.In 2006, an Invasive Plant Management Plan and Environmental Assessment was approved for Dinosaur National Monument, calling for prioritization of invasive species management on high value wildlife habitat, vector areas, and for species with a high ecological impact. The Cub Creek Watershed was identified as a priority for immediate attention due to its high historical, recreational, and environmental significance.This research was another phase of an integrated effort to manage vegetation in the Cub Creek Watershed and surrounding rangelands. Field work at two locations within Dinosaur National Monument was coupled with greenhouse experiments to evaluate chemical and mechanical methods of downy brome seed reduction and control, and to evaluate the response of four weedy grasses to herbicides used in broadleaf weed management practices.
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7

Preister, Lisa. "Smooth Brome (Bromus Inermis) Phenology in the Northern Tallgrass Prairie." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27461.

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Smooth brome (Bromus inermis) invasion into tallgrass prairie has led to development of methods of control. Prescribed burning is used by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to manage prairie according to a provisional model developed by Willson and Stubbendieck (2000). The model recommends conducting a prescribed burn at the onset of elongation of smooth brome. The USFWS uses the 5-leaf stage as a phenological cue, signaling the initiation of elongation. Variability in smooth brome development limits the reliability of this method. Our objective was to develop an alternative method to determine when smooth brome populations reach the targeted 50% elongation by correlating accumulated growing degree days and population level plant phenological stages (mean stage count) throughout sites in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. A linear regression model was used to determine the onset of elongation in the smooth brome population, regardless of leaf stage variation. Field and greenhouse studies confirmed accumulated growing degree days predicted the initiation of elongation. We also compared smooth brome response to different seasonal burn treatments, determining it could be decreased by burning at other times. As part of the USFWS Native Prairie Adaptive Management program, results will be used to assist management decisions regarding the timing of control.
United States Fish & Wildlife Service
North Dakota State University (NDSU)
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8

Bricault, Christine. "La Route des vins de Brome-Missisquoi. Vers la construction d'une identité régionale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24176/24176.pdf.

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9

Lindon, Heather Lynn. "Genetic variation in Bromus tectorum (L.) (Poaceae) in the Eastern Mediterranean region." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2007/H_Lindon_042707.pdf.

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10

Fraile, Martin Carmen. "Taxonomy and adaptive radiation of the Pnigma brome-grasses of Europe." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13842.

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Perennial species of Bromus (Gramineae) embracing section Pnigma in Europe were investigated. Four groups were compared as a working hypothesis. The objective of this research was twofold: first, to make a formal taxonomic assessment of all the putative taxa and second, to contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary trends occurring among them. In the most recent taxonomic account of this group in Flora Europaea (Smith 1980), 9 species and 8 subspecies were recognised. The final view of the relationship amoung different taxa can be summarised as 24 taxa, 5 species and 19 subspecies. New taxa or combinations were reported, B. parilicus, B. caprinus, B. condensatus subsp. microtrichus, B. condensatus subsp. moellendorffianus, B. riparius subsp. macedonicus, B. cappadocicus subsp. crassipes, B. pannonicus subsp. vernalis, B. erectus subsp. montenegrinus, B. erectus subsp. longiflorus, B. erectus subsp. laxus, and b. erectus subsp. aurouzensis (the latter being a novel subspecies in Pnigna brome-grasses). Several techniques were brought to bear on the problems including: micro and macromorphology, anatomy, cytology, taximetric analysis, as well as the formal herbarium study. Significant results were obtained. The chromosome counts here reported agreed with other researchers' work. The intuitive view of taxonomy of the taxa studied clashed to some extent with the results obtained from the taximetric analysis, probably because of the limited amount of information manipulated by the computer. Nevertheless, greater confidence was felt in the "intuitive" classification than in those generated taximetrically. Research on sheath morphology was also carried out. Different kinds of sheath (used as states of a pivotal taxonomic character) were shown to have different functional characteristics. Thus they may be pivotal characters in explaining the evolutionary divergence of different species groups.
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11

Dohi, Koji. "Studies on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex of brome mosaic virus." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144993.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第11674号
論農博第2557号
新制||農||912(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N4057(農学部図書室)
23487
UT51-2005-D592
京都大学大学院農学研究科農林生物学専攻
(主査)教授 奥野 哲郎, 教授 遠藤 隆, 教授 西岡 孝明
学位規則第4条第2項該当
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12

Damayanti, Tri Asmira. "Studies on Generation, Amplification, and Packaging of Brome mosaic virus Defective RNAs." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149903.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9613号
農博第1241号
新制||農||841(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3645(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-G371
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 奥野 哲郎, 教授 西岡 孝明, 教授 泉井 桂
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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13

Eddington, Daniel B. "Effects of cheatgrass control on Wyoming big sagebrush in Southeastern Utah /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1606.pdf.

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14

Bird, Janine E. "Predicting slender false brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum ) invasion in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1547084.

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Early detection of an invasive species facilitates control and eradication. Slender false brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum) was first discovered in the Santa Cruz Mountains of Central California in 2003 as a non-native grass in redwood forests, competing with native vegetation. The current infestation in the Santa Cruz Mountains, estimated to be 300 acres, is concentrated in San Mateo County and could be eradicated. This study sought to determine most likely locations of slender false brome in the Santa Cruz Mountains by assessing environmental attributes of known presence locations using species distribution modeling and Maxent software. The study used 1,320 species presence points collected in field surveys conducted from 2009 to 2012, GIS environmental layers covering a 940 km2 study area, and the machine-learning program Maxent to identify slender false brome habitat at a 30 m resolution in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Maxent models successfully identified locations of potential distribution of slender false brome (training AUC = 0.961, test AUC = 0.960). Annual precipitation, average annual maximum or minimum temperature, and soils were the most important predictors. An independent dataset corroborated the performance of the Maxent model. Maxent could be used by land managers for targeting field surveys by predicting most likely B. sylvaticum habitat in the Santa Cruz Mountains.

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15

Srivatsavai, Venkata Suresh Kumar Huettel Robin Norton. "Identification, distribution and vector biology of brome mosaic virus of wheat in Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1266.

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16

Efstathiou-Lavabre, Athéna. "Jeux d'espace et lieux de théâtre : l'œuvre dramatique de Richard Brome (1590?-1652)." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030129.

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Longtemps relégué dans les coulisses de l'histoire du théâtre anglais, Richard Brome (1590?-1652) suscite depuis peu un regain d'intérêt. Si les comédies du dramaturge caroléen sont autant de perles irrégulières, elles révèlent néanmoins une indéniable marque de fabrique à travers l'usage récurrent du procédé baroque du théâtre dans le théâtre, ce jeu d'espace par excellence, qui est donc le principal objet de cette étude. Interrogé dans son rapport parfois complexe à l'espace, confronté aux connaissances sur les lieux de théâtre londoniens du XVIIe siècle, le procédé est ensuite mis à nu, disséqué, afin de saisir les mécanismes de la poétique bromienne. L'analyse de l'esthétique du théâtre dans le théâtre débouche sur une mise en perspective des différents rapports mimétiques que les pièces enchâssées entretiennent avec leurs pièces cadres. Sont ensuite considérés les deux groupes consubstantiels du procédé : les comédiens et les spectateurs fictifs, dont les propos donnent naissance à un truculent discours métathéâtral. C'est enfin la fonction de catharsis comique des pièces imbriquées qui est analysée. La réflexion engendrée par le recours au théâtre dans le théâtre permet alors de questionner le théâtre lui-même. Si le dédoublement structurel est également un dédoublement fonctionnel et puisque le théâtre dans le théâtre de Brome vise essentiellement à guérir les spectateurs fictifs des mélancolies qui les accablent, faut-il alors considérer le théâtre de Brome, dans sa globalité, comme un instrument thérapeutique?
Left in the wings for a long time in the history of English theatre, Richard Brome (1590?-1652) has prompted renewed interest of late. If the Caroline dramatist's comedies are indeed irregular pearls, they reveal nonetheless an undeniable hallmark through the recurring use of the baroque process of a play-within-a-play, the play of space par excellence which is the main object of this study. Examined in its sometimes complex relationship with space and confronted with our knowledge of London theatres in the early 17th century, the process is laid bare and dissected in order to understand the mechanisms of Brome's poetics. The analysis of the aesthetics of a play-within-a-play leads then to putting into perspective the different mimetic relationships that the inset plays maintain with the frame plays. Two consubstantial groups of the process are then considered, that is, the fictional actors and fictional spectators, whose comments give rise to a vibrant metatheatrical discourse. Finally, the function of comic catharsis in the inset plays is analysed. The reflection which the use of a play-within-the-play generates enables us to question theatre itself. If his structural duplication is also a functional duplication, and since Brome's use of a play-within-the-play aims essentially at curing its fictional spectators of the melancholy that affects them, should Brome's theatre in its entirety be considered a therapeutic instrument?
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17

Boguena, Toupta. "Epidemiology of Ustilago bullata Berk. on Bromus tectorum L. and implications for biological control /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd261.pdf.

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18

Bradford, John B. "The influence of climate, soils, and land-use on primary productivity and cheatgrass invasion in semi-arid ecosystems submitted by John B. Bradford." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 13.42 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131658.

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19

Munter, Emily J. "Seasonal prescribed fire effects on cheatgrass and native mixed grass prairie vegetation /." Chadron, Neb. : Chadron State College, 2008. http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/epubs/G1000/B134-2008.pdf.

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Thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of Chadron State College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education.
"October, 2008". Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64). Also available in PDF via the World Wide Web.
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20

Picard, Nathalie. "L'ajout de bromes en position N-allyl de porphyrines cationiques améliore leurs propriétés radio- et photosensibilisantes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3991.

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La radiothérapie et la photothérapie consistent à cibler spécifiquement les cellules cancéreuses. Les cellules et tumeurs cancéreuses absorbent davantage les porphyrines que le tissu normal. Bien que quelques photosensibilisateurs aient été approuvés en clinique, aucun radiosensibilisateur n'a été approuvé jusqu'à présent. D'intenses efforts de recherche se dévouent à améliorer l'efficacité et à minimiser les effets secondaires des photo- et radiosensibilisateurs. Les halogènes et le métal central dans les porphyrines modifient la durée de leur état excité. Plus l'état excité dure longtemps, plus d'espèces réactives sont générées pour médier l'élimination thérapeutique des cellules cancéreuses. Le but de cette étude: comparer par une étude structure-activité les propriétés photo- et radiosensibilisatrices de porphyrines cationiques bromées. Méthodes : Une série de porphyrines cationiques ont été synthétisées avec des bromes en position [beta]- ou N-allyl. La survie métabolique des cellules cancéreuses a été mesurée par un essai MTT après une thérapie photodynamique en utilisant tout le spectre visible. D'autre part, la survie globale des cellules a été mesurée par un essai clonogénique après une irradiation de 0 à 6 Gy avec des rayons gamma provenant de sources de [indice supérieur 60]Co. La microscopie confocale à fluorescence a montré la localisation cellulaire des porphyrines cationiques. Résultats : À une concentration de 1[micro]M, le sensibilisateur le plus efficace à la fois comme photo- et radiosensibilisateur portait huit bromes en position N-allyl. La microscopie confocale à fluorescence a révélé un ciblage spécifique des mitochondries et un peu au noyau. Discussion : L'augmentation des propriétés radio- et photosensibilisantes par l'ajout de bromes en position N-allyl sur des porphyrines cationiques pourrait être exploitée pour développer de nouveaux agents radio- et photosensibilisants pour traiter le cancer en combinaison avec la radiothérapie ou en thérapie photodynamique.
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21

Salo, Lucinda. "Ecology and biogeography of red brome (Bromus madritensis subspecies rubens) in western North America." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279993.

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Red brome [Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (L.) Husn.] arrived in western North America before 1880 and has since invaded even relatively undisturbed areas. Populations of this annual grass, native to the Mediterranean Basin, fluctuate widely in response to variations in winter precipitation and can produce large amounts of persistent fine fuels. The biogeography portion of this research describes the arrival, spread, and current extent of red brome in western North America and estimates the potential climatic range of this grass in the USA. The ecology portion of this research investigates interactions between native Sonoran Desert winter annuals and four densities of red brome, from the equivalent of 300 to 1200 plants m⁻², at low (3) and high (540 μg NO₃ - g soil⁻¹) levels of soil nitrogen (N), to evaluate the relative intensity of interactions at low and high fertility. This study found no evidence of red brome occurrence in North America prior to 1879. This grass may have arrived with immigrants or agricultural products after the start of the California Gold Rush in 1848, perhaps in crop seed or in the fleece of sheep. Red brome appears best adapted to areas with minimum January temperatures between -5.4 and 3.9°C and total winter precipitation between 9.0 and 76.4 cm. However, the myriad factors mediating interactions among red brome, other species, and local environments in these areas will determine if this grass becomes established in any of these regions. This study found no evidence of reduced richness or diversity of Sonoran Desert annuals occurring with red brome. Red brome did not exclude species from this study, as neither emergence nor survival of native species were affected by this grass. However, red brome significantly interfered with growth of native species. Declines in total biomass of each of 11 analyzed species growing with red brome averaged 58.4% of biomass produced when this grass was not present. The intensity of interactions between red brome and Sonoran Desert annuals rarely varied with soil fertility and differences in growth of red brome and of native annuals between low and high N were similar.
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22

Stewart, Thomas E. "The Grass Seed Pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda as a Biocontrol Agent for Annual Brome Grasses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2267.

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Bromus tectorum and other annual brome grasses have invaded many ecosystems of the western United States, and because of an annual-grass influenced alteration of the natural fire cycle on arid western range lands near monocultures are created and conditions in which the native vegetation cannot compete are established. Each year thousands of hectares become near monocultures of annual brome grasses. Pyrenophora semeniperda, a generalist seed pathogen of annual grasses, shows major potential as a possible mycoherbicide that could help in reducing the monocultures created by annual grasses. The purpose of this research was to identify the requirements for isolating cultures of P. semeniperda, search for a hypervirulent strain, and evaluate its effect in the field. The techniques for isolating the fungus have evolved and become more efficient. The first two years of working with P. semeniperda resulted in 11 isolates. During the third year of this study, we developed a single spore isolation technique that resulted in 480 additional isolates. Virulence screening resulted in detection of a range of isolate ability to kill non-dormant B. tectorum seeds. Ninety-two isolates represented a range of virulence from 0-44%. The variation in virulence was expressed mostly within populations rather than between populations. Similarly, virulence varied significantly within Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) genotypes and habitats but not between them. When conidial inoculum was applied in the field there was no observed difference in disease incidence between different levels of inoculum. This is thought to have been due to applying the inoculum under conditions in which most in situ seeds were infected and killed by already high field inoculum loads. While additional field trials are needed to optimize the inoculum effectiveness, the overall results of this research provide a good foundation for using P. semeniperda as a biological control for seed banks of annual brome grasses.
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Skrebels, Paul. "Ample privilege to wit and learning : the Renaissance humanist literary tradition in the plays of Richard Brome /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs6287.pdf.

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24

Mazzola, Monica B. "Spatio-temporal heterogeneity and habitat invasibility [sic] sagebrush steppe ecosystems." abstract, 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3307539.

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25

Najem, Leïla-Isabelle. "De l'épibromohydrine à la synthèse d'éthers glycidyliques à partir d'alcools gras et étherification du glycérol." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT044G.

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La premiere partie de ce travail est consacree a la mise au point d'une nouvelle technique de synthese d'ethers glycidyliques a partir d'epihalohydrine (x = cl ou br) et d'alcools gras satures (r = c8 a c16), insatures (r = c11 et c18) ou ramifies (r = c8), en presence d'une base solide (naoh ou koh), d'un solvant organique (hexane) et d'une faible quantite d'eau. L'optimisation des conditions experimentales nous a permis d'atteindre des rendements tres eleves surtout avec les alcools gras a chaines grasses courtes. La chimioselectivite est dans tous les cas tres elevee puisqu'aucun produit secondaire n'est observe. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous avons etudie l'etherification du glycerol avec les ethers glycidyliques satures soit en milieu acide avec la terre activee et la resine m31 comme catalyseur ou bien en milieu basique avec le methylate et l'acetate de sodium comme catalyseur. Cette reaction conduit principalement a l'obtention de monomeres et de dimeres mais aussi a celles de produits secondaires. Ceux-ci correspondent au diol issu de l'ouverture du cycle epoxyde et a des produits de masses plus elevees que les dimeres formes par polycondensation des ethers glycidyliques d'une part et des molecules de glycerol d'autre part. L'utilisation d'un exces de glycerol par rapport a l'epoxyde a permis de diminuer la quantite de ces produits secondaires. L'utilisation de micro-ondes a la place d'un chauffage classique conduit aux memes resultats mais en quelques minutes au lieu de quelques heures. Enfin, une etude des mecanismes reactionnels des reactions principales mais egalement des reactions secondaires est proposee dans les deux parties de ce travail
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Atluri, Sruthi. "Evolutionary Status of Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein Genes rps19 and rpl2 and their Transfer to the Nucleus in Grasses." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32268.

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Massive mitochondrial gene transfer to the nucleus occurred very early during eukaryotic evolution following endosymbiosis, and is still ongoing in plants. Tracking recent gene transfer events can give us insight into the evolutionary processes by which a transferred gene becomes functional in the nucleus and how its protein gets targeted back into the mitochondrion, where it is needed. Rps19 and rpl2 are two such ribosomal protein genes that are known to have been transferred to the nucleus, many times independently during flowering plant evolution. My research project focusses on determining the status and expression of rps19 and rpl2 in the mitochondrion and nucleus of selected grasses and in particular brome (close relative to agronomically important crops such as wheat, rye and barley). My results at the level of DNA and RNA (PCR and RT-PCR, respectively) show that the mitochondrial brome rpl2 copy is a pseudogene while its functional gene is in the nucleus. The brome mitochondrial genome has a copy of rps19 which is transcribed and C-U edited. Surprisingly, the brome nuclear genome also has functional copies of rps19.The targeting sequence for the nuclear rps19 gene was acquired from duplication of mitochondrial targeting heat shock protein (hsp70) presequence. Comparative analysis strongly suggests that a functional rps19 gene was transferred to the nucleus before rice and maize lineages split and now that brome rps19 has been found to be present in both compartments, this implies a transition stage of about 60 million years. Oats was found to have a functional rps19 copy in the nucleus and has a novel presequence due to lineage specific rearrangements and exon shuffling. Functional paralogous copies were found in wheat, and maize while barley lost one of the copy. Thus, following transfer, duplication of rps19 gene must have occurred in the ancestor of barley and wheat clade. Maize might have had a recent duplication or gene conversion events along its lineage as its paralogous copies are very similar to each other. More information is needed to determine if this duplication event extends to wheat-brome, wheat-oats or even before rice and maize split. Barley was also found to have a recent independent DNA mediated transfer in addition to the common transfer, as it possesses an unedited nuc-mt rps19 in its nuclear genome. This suggests that barley must also have had a transition stage for ~60MY and lost its mitochondrial copy very recently.
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27

Lemay, Rosalie. "Développement de nouveaux radiosensibilisateurs bromés pour la thérapie des cellules cancéreuses du sein." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3853.

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Les cellules cancéreuses du sein sont souvent réfractaires aux morts radio-induites, diminuant ainsi l'efficacité des traitements de radiothérapie. L'irradiation d'atomes radiosensibilisants, comme le brome, l'iode et le platine, peut augmenter la concentration locale de radicaux libres dans les cellules. Cet effet peut être obtenu en amplifiant la création d'électrons Auger générés par un mécanisme résonant, ou non résonant impliquant des électrons secondaires créés suite à l'ionisation de l'eau par la radiation. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer et de comparer des dérivés de porphyrines cationiques bromées comme nouveaux radiosensibilisateurs potentiels pour le traitement du cancer du sein. La capacité radiosensibilisante de trois porphyrines bromées a été mesurée et comparée avec celle de leur homologue non bromé par test de formation de colonies sur les cellules cancéreuses mammaires humaines MDA-MB-231. Seulement les deux porphyrines portant des atomes de bromes en périphérie ont démontré un pouvoir radiosensibilisant, soit le CuPBr[indice inférieur 8](PyPrBr[indice inférieur 2])[indice inférieur 4] et le CuP(PyPreBr[indice inférieur 2])[indice inférieur 4]. Le CupBr[indice inférieur 8](PyPrBr[indice inférieur 2)[indice inférieur 4] est un dérivé de porphyrine avec 16 bromes répartis équitablement sur les chaînes propyles périphériques et sur le centre de la molécule. Ce composé à une concentration de 10 [micro]M, en combinaison avec une dose de radiation de 2 Gy, a conduit à une radiosensibilisation de 76,6% avec des rayons-x de 14,8 keV, de 53,8% avec des rayons-x de 70,1 keV et de 48,4% avec des rayons gamma ([indice supérieur 60]Co). Son effet radiosensibilisateur a été dépendant de la dose de radiation pour les 3 sources entre 1 et 3,5 Gy et de la concentration entre 5 et 10 [micro]M au [indice supérieur 60]Co. L'effet radiosensibilisateur du CuPBr[indice inférieur 8](PyPrBr[indice inférieur 2])[indice inférieur 4] mesuré suite à l'irradiation de 2 Gy au [indice supérieur 60]Co a été indépendant de la présence du métal au centre de la porphyrine bromée et semblable à celui du CuP(PyPreBr[indice inférieur 2])[indice inférieur 4], un dérivé portant 8 bromes uniquement sur ses groupements périphériques. Alors qu'aucun effet radiosensibilisateur n'a été observé avec la troisième porphyrine, le CuPBr[indice inférieur 8](PyM)[indice inférieur 4] dont les huit bromes ont été ajoutés uniquement sur le centre de la molécule. D'autre part l'ajout du CuPBr[indice inférieur 8](PyPrBr[indice inférieur 2)[indice inférieur 4] sur les cellules cancéreuses mammaires de souris MC7-L1, combiné avec 2 Gy de rayons-x de 14,8 keV, a amené une radiosensibilisation de 41,4%. Dans le cas des cellules MDA-MB-231, la radiosensibilisation des porphyrines bromées en périphérie a corrélé avec une accumulation cellulaire de drogue supérieure à leur homologue non bromé de 2,5 fois pour le CuPBr[indice inférieur 8](PyPrBr[indice inférieur 2])[indice inférieur 4], la porphyrine portant 16 bromes et de 4 fois pour le CuP(PyPreBr[indice inférieur 2)[indice inférieur 4], la porphyrine avec 8 bromes uniquement en périphérie. Cette augmentation de la radiosensibilité n'a cependant pas été associée à une formation d'espèces toxiques issues de la dégradation des porphyrines lors de l'irradiation, démontré par analyse des porphyrines irradiées en solution et traitement des cellules avec les radiosensibilisateurs pré-irradiés seuls. La radiosensibilisation par ces composés bromés n'a pas non plus conduit à une externalisation des phosphatidylsérines, ni à une perméabilisation de la membrane cellulaire et aucune variation du potentiel de la membrane mitochondriale n'a été mesurée. Ces observations ont permis de conclure que la mort cellulaire principalement associée à la radio sensibilisation n'était pas l'apoptose. En conclusion, l'étude de ces porphyrines bromées en périphérie a démontré que cette classe de radiosensibilisateurs pourrait avoir un bon potentiel d'application pour traiter les cellules cancéreuses mammaires.
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28

Akamatsu, Naoko. "Studies on the Regulation of Function of Brome mosaic virus 3a Movement and Coat Proteins." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123957.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第14057号
農博第1727号
新制||農||961(附属図書館)
学位論文||H20||N4395(農学部図書室)
UT51-2008-F449
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 奥野 哲郎, 教授 遠藤 隆, 教授 佐久間 正幸
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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29

Humerickhouse, Natalie. "Productivity and quality of smooth brome pastures under continuous, rotational, and mob grazing by sheep." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18226.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
Peter J. Tomlinson
In recent years, an alternative grazing method to continuous and rotational methods has gained popularity among producers and has been termed mob grazing. Mob grazing uses high animal densities grazing for a short period of time. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of continuous, rotational, and mob grazing on forage production and the quality of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss), along with soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Twelve paddocks, 4 continuous (40 X 10 m), 4 rotational and 4 mob (15 X 10 m), were designated at the Kansas State University Sheep and Meat Goat Center in Manhattan, KS. Forage quality samples were collected by hand clipping randomly throughout the paddock. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined using ANKOM technology and crude protein (CP) content was calculated by multiplying total nitrogen determined by combustion by 6.25. Soil samples were extracted with 0.5 M K2SO4 and analyzed for DOC and MBC using the chloroform-fumigation-extraction method and soil dehydrogenase activity using the colorimetric method. Forage quality declined as the spring grazing season progressed in all treatments. Sheep grazed higher quality forage in the continuous and rotational treatments in the period prior to the spring mob grazing event. No treatment differences were found for DOC, MBC, dehydrogenase, or total forage biomass accumulation. Dissolved organic carbon and soil biological parameters have not been altered by the grazing management. Forage quality was found to be poorest in the mob treatment at the time of grazing. The mob treatment accumulated the greatest amount of aboveground biomass prior to grazing, however season-long total biomass accumulation was not different from the other treatments. Based on this research, in the short-term, there are no advantages of mob grazing over rotational grazing.
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30

García, Addy Laura. "Integrated Management of Bromus diandrus in dry land cereal fields under no-till." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116328.

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Es van dur a terme diferents assajos amb la finalitat d'establir un programa de maneig integrat de Bromus diandrus en cereals d'hivern en sembra directa. Es va desenvolupar un model d'emergència en funció de graus hidrotèrmics i va ser validat i aplicat amb èxit en diferents escenaris. El maneig més òptim d'aquesta espècie es va obtenir combinant una rotació ordi – blat, un retard en la data de sembra (meitat de novembre) i l'aplicació d'un herbicida selectiu en blat. Després de tres anys es va obtenir la pràctica reducció de la població. La població de B. diandrus va mostrar una fitness denso-dependent en la majoria de paràmetres vegetatius i reproductors i una clara disrupció quan l'aplicació de l'herbicida. A llarg termini (22 anys) la sembra directa permet una major reducció de la densitat i de l'emergència acumulada d'aquesta espècie, que sistemes de laboreo reduït com chisel o subsolador.
Se llevaron a cabo distintos ensayos con el fin de establecer un programa de manejo integrado de B. diandrus en cereales de invierno en siembra directa. Se desarrolló un modelo de emergencia en base a grados hidrotérmicos y fue validado y aplicado con éxito en diferentes escenarios. El manejo más óptimo de esta especie se obtuvo combinando una rotación cebada – trigo, un retraso en la fecha de siembra (mitad de noviembre) y la aplicación de un herbicida antigramíneo selectivo en trigo. Tras tres años se obtuvo la práctica reducción de la población. La población de B. diandrus mostró una fitness densodependiente en la mayoría de parámetros vegetativos y reproductores y una clara disrupción cuando la aplicación del herbicida. A largo plazo (22 años) la siembra directa permite una mayor reducción de la densidad y de la emergencia acumulada de esta especie, que sistemas de laboreo reducido como chisel o subsolador.
The trials were carried out in order to establish an integrated management program for Bromus diandrus in winter cereals under no-tillage. A model emergence based on hydrothermal degrees was developed, validated and successfully applied in different scenarios. The most optimal management of this species was obtained by barley – wheat rotation, delayed sowing date (mid-November) and a selective herbicide application in wheat. After three years of this management a population decline was obtained. B. diandrus populations showed density-dependent fitness in vegetative and reproductive parameters and a clear disruption when herbicide was applied. A long term (22 years) the no-tillage allows a greater reduction of B. diandrus density and cumulative emergence compared with reduced tillage systems as chisel plow or subsoiler.
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31

Ball, Matthew Thomas Auric. "Subarctic nitrogen fixation in monoculture alfalfa and mixed alfalfa/grass forage swards." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2528.

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Forage growth in the subarctic is sub-optimal due to low soil nutrient levels. Forage crops in the Yukon Territory consistently require nitrogen (N) and phosphorus fertilization to meet plant requirements. Fertilization is expensive due to transportation costs and potentially harmful to the environment so alternative, more sustainable, sources of nutrients are being sought. Alfalfa is an alternative, but there is limited knowledge in the Yukon of the benefits and management of this crop as a replacement for fertilizer N. Experiments were carried out in south central Yukon during the 2005 and 2006 field seasons to examine the potential of co-inoculation of alfalfa with N-fixing Ensifer meliloti and phosphate-solubilizing Penicillium bilaii to increase the dry matter yield and N fixation of monoculture alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cv Peace and binary mixed alfalfa with smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) cv Carlton or timothy (Phleum pratense) cv Climax forage swards. Interactions between alfalfa inoculation and N fertilization and late season harvest treatments were assessed. The TagTeam® inoculant from Philom Bios was used as the rhizobium source which contains both Ensifer meliloti isolate NRG-34 and Penicillium bilaii isolate PB-50. Nitrogen fixation was determined using the total plant N difference method. Alfalfa growth and nodulation was successful in the trials. Inoculation had a positive impact on N fixation, whereas urea fertilizer at 25 kg N/ha had a negative impact in most cases. In the mixed alfalfa and smooth bromegrass stand there was a positive contribution from the alfalfa in both the establishment and second year with N fixation rates of up to 14 kg/ha. In the mixed timothy and alfalfa stand the N fixation reached 35 kg/ha in the establishment year and 102 kg/ha in the second year. In the establishment year the dry matter yield and N fixation of the TagTeam® inoculated, monoculture alfalfa plots were 3.1 t/ha and 77 kg N/ha. In the second year, the unharvested inoculated alfalfa treatment yielded 3.4 t/ha with N fixation of 66 kg/ha compared to the late harvest treatment which yielded only 1.5 t/ha and an N fixation rate of 20 kg/ha. The effects of the late season harvest are startling and reflect the importance of removing grazing animals during the fall to allow plant energy reserves to accumulate in the roots. Fertilizer N replacement is possible with the seeding of alfalfa into existing hay stands or in monoculture.
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32

Weigel, Timothy J. "Assessing post-fire reseeding potential using Bureau of Land Management criteria in northeastern Nevada a spatial modeling approach /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1446450.

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33

Jetté, Sylvie. "Évaluation formative du programme de promotion et de soutien à l'allaitement maternel de l'hôpital Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.

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34

Abdallah, Pamela. "Chloration de produits de soins corporels dans l'eau en présence d'ions bromure et d'azote ammoniacal." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2345.

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Le chlore, désinfectant largement employé dans le traitement de l’eau potable et des eaux de piscines (sous forme de chloroisocyanurates), est un oxydant puissant vis-à-vis des molécules organiques. Cependant, il peut également réagir avec les composés inorganiques présents dans l’eau traitée, notamment les ions bromure et l’azote ammoniacal, pour former du brome et des chloramines. L’objectif de ce travail a été d’évaluer l’impact des constituants inorganiques de l’eau sur la chloration de deux molécules rentrant dans la composition de la majorité des produits de soins corporels : la 3-benzophénone (BP3) et le methylparabène (MP). Ces composés sont de plus en plus retrouvés dans les eaux naturelles et les eaux de piscine.Une étude d’identification des sous-produits susceptibles de se former au cours de la chloration et de la bromation des eaux, a été réalisée par CLHP/UV/SM/SM. Parallèlement, un suivi de la toxicité a été effectué. Quel que soit le pH, les deux molécules sont dégradées relativement rapidement par le chlore et le brome, contre une réactivité restreinte pour la monochloramine à pH 8,5, laissant conclure un effet promoteur pour Br- et inhibiteur pour NH3 sur la dégradation des molécules organiques au cours de la chloration. Au cours de ce travail, les constantes cinétiques du chlore, du brome et de la monochloramine sur BP3 et MP ont été déterminées. Pour finir, et à partir des constantes cinétiques calculées, une modélisation a été réalisée sur Copasi®, afin d’estimer la cinétique de dégradation de BP3 et MP par le chlore et les chloroisocyanurates en présence de différentes concentrations de Br- et NH4+/NH3
Chlorine, a widely used disinfectant in water treatment and swimming pools (chloroisocyanurates) is found to be very reactive with organic compounds. However when found in the presence of inorganic moieties, particularly bromide and ammonia, chlorine reacts to form two main oxidants: bromine and chloramines. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of inorganic compounds on the chlorination of two of the most commonly used personal care products, benzophenone-3 (BP3) and methylparaben (MP). These personal care products are nowadays found in natural waters as well as pool waters.A by-product identification study during chlorination of pure and bromide containing waters was first conducted using HPLC/UV/MS/MS followed by a toxicity study during chlorination and bromination. Moreover, a kinetic study of chlorination, bromination and chloramination of benzophenone-3 and methylparaben was conducted. This study showed that chlorine and bromine react rapidly with BP3 and MP over a wide pH range. However, monochloramine showed a minimal reactivity at pH 8.5 confirming the accelerating role of bromide and the inhibitory role of ammonia during chlorination of micropolluants. Finally a kinetic model was established using Copasi® in order to predict the elimination profile of BP3 and MP during chlorination using chlorine or chloroisocyanurates in aqueous solutions in the presence of different concentrations of bromide and/or ammonia
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35

Jetté, Sylvie. "Évaluation formative du programme de promotion et de soutien à l'allaitement maternel de l'hôpital Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/MQ56919.pdf.

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36

Pitcher, Lance R. "Beef average daily gain and enteric methane emissions on birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch and meadow brome pastures." Thesis, Utah State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1584437.

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This thesis project explored the use of perennial legumes, including the non-bloating birdsfoot trefoil (BFT; Lotus corniculatus L.) for beef production. In 2011 and 2012, cattle averaged approximately 300 kg at the beginning of the grazing season, and approximately 450 kg in 2013. Average daily gain on pastures ranged from a low of 0.63 kg d-1 on cicer milkvetch (CMV; Astragalus cicer L.) in 2011 and 2013 to a high of 1.03 kg d-1 on Norcen BFT in 2013. Feedlot gains ranged from 1.14 to 1.57 kg d-1. Blood plasma fatty acids did not differ when feeding treatments were imposed, but at the end of each grazing season saturated and omega-6 fatty acids were elevated in feedlot-fed cattle compared with pasture-fed cattle, while trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) and omega-3 fatty acids were elevated in pasture-fed cattle. The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was always higher in feedlot-fed cattle at the end of the grazing season, but in 2013, when all cattle were nearing slaughter weight, the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was 50% higher for feedlot-fed than for BFT-fed cattle and double that of grass-fed cattle. Digestive (enteric) methane (CH4) production of beef cows was lower when cattle grazed BFT and CMV pastures (167 and 159 g CH4 per cow per d, respectively) compared to cows on meadow bromegrass (MB; Bromus riparus Rehmann) (355 g CH4 per cow per d). Meadow bromegrass has more fiber than legume forages, which will increase the proportion of acetate to propionate created by microbial digestion in the rumen, increasing the production and release of CH4. Perennial legume forages fix nitrogen, eliminating the need for chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and tannin-containing legumes can be grazed without risk of bloat. These forages will play an important role in developing more environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural production systems.

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37

Gasch-Salava, Caley. "Comparison of vegetation, soil, and AM fungal activity in native and exotic annual brome dominated Wyoming rangeland." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594494571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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38

Tapie, Nathalie. "Contamination des écosystèmes aquatiques par les PCB et PBDE : application à l'estuaire de la Gironde." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13325.

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Parmi la multitude de composés d’origine anthropique qui terminent leur course dans les écosystèmes aquatiques, les Polychlorobiphényles (PCB) connaissent un regain d’intérêt dû à la réévaluation de leur toxicité (perturbateur endocrinien, neurotoxicité) et à l’identification dans de nombreux écosystèmes aquatiques de composés aux propriétés similaires, les Polybromodiphényles éthers (PBDE). Dans cette étude des protocoles d’analyse simples, rapides et efficaces, permettant de traiter un grand nombre d’échantillons, ont été mis en place pour la quantification des PCB et PBDE. Ces protocoles ont permis de réaliser des expérimentations en milieux contrôlés et un suivi environnemental de grande ampleur. Une étude en milieux contrôlés des phénomènes d’accumulation et de dépuration des PCB et des PBDE a été réalisée sur trois espèces sentinelles : une algue (Isochrysis galbana), un bivalve (Mytilus edulis) et un poisson (Sparus aurata). Les cinétiques d’accumulation ont été réalisées à deux concentrations sur des composés modèles (CB 77, CB 153, BDE 47, BDE 153, chrysène, benzo(a)pyrène, fluoranthène). Parallèlement à ces études en milieu contrôlé, un suivi environnemental des niveaux de contamination des organismes du réseau trophique pélagique de l’estuaire de la Gironde a été réalisé (phase dissoute, phase particulaire, copépodes, mysidacés, gammares, crevettes, anguilles, mulets, flets, soles, maigres). Afin de replacer les niveaux de contamination de l’estuaire de la Gironde dans un contexte plus global, une étude des niveaux de contamination de flets issus des différents estuaires français a également été réalisée
Due to the recent re-evaluation of their toxic properties, the study of environmental distribution of Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) has regained a great interest. At the same time, concentration of similar compounds with similar properties, such as Polybromodiphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), seems to increase in environment. In order to understand transfer phenomenon of PCBs and PBDEs in aquatic ecosystems, fast and reliable analytical methods using ASE (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) and MAE (Microwave Extraction) have been developed. These protocols allow handling a lot of samples per day and managing environmental study and field experiment at large scale. Field experiments on different trophic status (algae (Isochrysis galbana), mussels (Mytilus edulis) and fishes (Sparus aurata)) were realised in order to understand the mechanisms of bioaccumulation or depuration of organic compounds (PCB 77, PCB 153, PBDE 47, PBDE 153, Bap, Fluoranthene, Chrysene). At the same time, Gironde estuary has been selected as a specific study area to study transfer of PCBs and PBDEs in aquatic ecosystems. The contamination of pelagic food web was evaluated by analysing water, particles, crustaceans and fishes. To compare Gironde estuary contamination to other French Atlantic coast estuaries (Seine, Ster, Loire, Vilaine and Gironde), flounder was selected as a model specie and its levels of contamination were characterised. Results show a relatively low contamination of French estuaries by PBDEs, but PCB contamination is still important and could be problematic particularly if we consider level of contamination of eel in Gironde estuary
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Aguiar, Acrísio Lins de. "Nanotubos de carbono de parede dupla submetidos à condições extremas de altas pressões e altas temperaturas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/12537.

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AGUIAR, Acrísio Lins de. Nanotubos de carbono de parede dupla submetidos à condições extremas de altas pressões e altas temperaturas. 2012. 197 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2012.
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Nesta tese apresentamos os resultados referentes aos estudos de nanotubos de carbono de parede dupla submetidos à condições de pressão hidrostática usando ferramentas experimentais e teóricas. A partir de cálculos teóricos de propriedades estruturais e de estrutura eletrônica usando primeiros princípios e potenciais clássicos, estudamos a evolução estrutural dos nanotubos de carbono e suas propriedades vibracionais em função da pressão hidrostática. Estudamos amostras de nanotubos de carbono em feixes bundles puros e modificados quimicamente através da dopagem (intercalação) de moléculas de bromo quando submetidos a condições extremas de altas pressões, utilizando principalmente técnicas de espectroscopia Raman. Medidas de Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (TEM), análise de composição química por XPS e absorção de raios-X foram utilizadas de forma complementar. Apresentamos a perspectiva de entender os efeitos químicos sob o comportamento estrutural dos nanotubos de carbono ao aplicarmos altas pressões. As propriedades vibracionais dos nanotubos foram estudadas até pressões de 30 GPa usando dois diferentes meios de transmissão de pressão: óleo de parafina e NaCl sólido. Estudamos o comportamento do nanotubo interno em relação à estabilidade do nanotubo externo quando submetido a pressão e suas implicações durante o colapso da estrutura. O efeito de incluir uma espécie no interior de um nanotubo também é discutido com respeito ao colapso. O comportamento eletrônico, vibracional e estrutural das moléculas de Bromo intercaladas nos canais intersticiais 1D dos feixes de nanotubos foi estudado e observamos que a formação de poliânions do tipo Brn (n=2,3,5) é preferencial mesmo no regime de altas pressões. Além disso, o comportamento dos poliânions é profundamente modificado quando a estrutura atinge o colapso com o aumento da pressão aplicada. Apresentaremos também resultados de nanotubos de carbono de parede dupla sob condições de altas pressões e altas temperaturas. Estes estudos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de obter novas estruturas de carbono através do colapso da estrutura e/ou criação de ligações sp3 entre os tubos, o qual é potencializado pelo aumento da temperatura em condições extremas de pressão. Diferentes experimentos foram realizados usando a célula Paris-Edinburg que é capaz de submeter um sistema à um ponto específico do diagrama de fase p-T (pressão x Temperatura) ao mesmo tempo. Nossos resultados foram discutidos em termos do conhecimento atual na área e contribui com pontos adicionais no diagrama de fase para nanotubos de carbono. Diversas estruturas como grafite desordenado, diamante, nanotubos estruturalmente modificados e possíveis formações polimerizadas de nanotubos foram discutidas em termos dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho. Esses idéias servem de base para a possibilidade de criação de estruturas híbridas com os nanotubos de paredes duplas. Neste caso, o tubo externo participaria ativamente através do ambiente químico externo a fim de obter ligações do tipo sp3 e o tubo interno poderia servir de suporte para o sistema como um todo.
Dans cette thèse, nous présentons les résultats de l’étude nanotubes de carbone double parois soumis à l’application de la pression hydrostatique à l’aide d’outils expérimentaux et théoriques. En utilisant des calculs théoriques ab initio et avec des potentiels classique nous avons étudié l’évolution structurelle sous pression de nanotubes de carbone et ses propriétés électroniques et vibrationnels. En parallèle, nous avons étudié des échantillons de nanotubes de carbone en fagot (bundles) pures et chimiquement modifiés par le dopage (intercalation) avec des molécules de brome (Br2) lorsqu’ils sont étés soumis à des conditions extrêmes de pression très élevée en utilisant principalement la spectroscopie Raman. Des mesures de microscopie de transmission électronique (TEM), l’analyse de composition chimique par spectroscopie de photon-électron par rayons-X (XPS) et l’absorption des rayons X (XAS) ont également été utilisées pour donner une interprétation complémentaire. Ces résultats donnent une meilleure compréhension des effets chimiques sur le comportement de la structure des nanotubes de carbone sous contraintes de pression élevées. Les propriétés vibrationnels de l’échantillon ont été observées jusqu’à des pressions de 30 GPa en utilisant deux milieux de transmission de la pression: l’huile de paraffine et du NaCl solide. En utilisant le spectre Raman des modes tangentiels (G band) et des modes de respirations radial (RBM), nous étudions le comportement du nanotube interne par rapport à la stabilité du nanotube externe lorsqu’il est soumis à la pression et ses implications pour le renforcement de la structure. L’effet de l’inclusion d’une espèce à l’intérieur d’un nanotube est également discuté par rapport à la stabilité du tube. Les propriétés électroniques, vibrationnels et structurales des molécules de brome intercalés dans les canaux interstitiels des fagot de nanotubes 1D a été étudié et on a observé que la formation de chaines de poly anions Brn (n = 2,3,5) est préférée même sous haute pression. Le comportement des polyanions est encore profondément modifié lorsque la structure atteint la pression critique de collapse. Nous présentons ensuite les résultats de l’étude nanotubes de carbone double-parois soumis à des conditions de pressions et températures très élevés. Ces travaux ont été conduits avec l’objectif d’obtenir de nouvelles structures à base de de carbone grâce à le renforcement de la structure par le tube interne et en créant des liaisons sp3 entre les tubes, ce que peut être stimulé par l’augmentation de température dans des conditions extrêmes de pression. Différentes expériences ont été réalisées à l’aide de la cellule Paris-Edimbourg qui peut conduire le système `a un point spécifique du diagramme de phase pT (pression x température). Nos résultats ont été discutés par rapport les connaissances actuelles avec une compilation des études récents pour les nanotubes de carbone soumis à des conditions extrêmes. Plusieurs structures ont été proposées avec les nanotubes double-parois avec la possible formation aussi du graphite désordonné, diamant, nanotubes structurellement modifiés ou des nanotubes polymérises. Ces différentes structures ont été discutées en termes des résultats obtenus dans ce travail après la caractérisation des échantillons traités dans la presse Paris-Edinburg. Ces idées sont le fondement de la possibilité de créer des nouvelles structures hybrides à base des nanotubes de carbone à double-parois. Dans ce cas, le tube externe participe activement pour le system à l’environnement chimique externe peut être à travers des liaisons sp3 et le tube interne pourrait servir de support mécanique pour tout le système.
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40

Kim, Mi-Su. "Men on the road: beggars and vagrants in early modern drama (William Shakespeare, John Fletcher, and Richard Brome)." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/308.

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This dissertation examines beggars, gypsies, rogues, and vagrants presented in early modern English drama, with the discussion of how these peripatetic characters represent the discourses of vagrancy of the period. The first chapter introduces Tudor and early Stuart governments' legislation and proclamations on vagabondage and discusses these governmental policies in their social and economic contexts. The chapter also deals with the literature of roguery to point out that the literature (especially in the Elizabethan era) disseminated such a negative image of beggars as impostors and established the antagonistic atmosphere against the wandering poor. The second chapter explores the anti-theatrical aspect of the discourses of vagrancy. Along with the discussion of early playing companies' traveling convention, this chapter investigates how the long-held association of players with beggars is addressed in the plays that are dated from the early 1570s to the closing of the playhouses in 1642. In the third chapter I read Shakespeare's King Lear with the focus on its critical allusions to the discourses of vagrancy and interpret King Lear's symbolic experience of vagrancy in that context. The chapter demonstrates that King Lear represents the spatial politics embedded in the discourses of vagrancy and evokes a sympathetic understanding of the wandering poor. Chapter IV focuses on Beggars' Bush and analyzes the beggars' utopian community in the play. By juxtaposing the play with a variety of documents relating to the vagrancy issue in the early seventeen century, I contend that Beggars' Bush reflects the cultural aspirations for colonial enterprises in the early Stuart age. Chapter V examines John Taylor's conceptualization of vagrancy as a trope of travel and free mobility, and discusses the "wanderlust" represented in A Jovial Crew: Merry Beggars as an exemplary anecdote showing the mid seventeenth century's perceptions on vagrancy and spatial mobility. Thus, by exploring diverse associations and investments regarding vagrants, this study demonstrates that the early modern discourses of vagrancy have been informed and inflected by shifting economic, socio-historical, and national interests and demands.
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41

Tenorio, Castilleros Maria Dolores. "Contribution à l'étude de l'émission X induite par des ions brome et krypton accélérés et possibilités d'applications analytiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376014806.

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42

Hirsch, Merilynn Carol. "Process_Based Management of Downy Brome in Salt Desert Shrublands: Assessing Pre- and Post-Rehabilitation Soil and Vegetation Attributes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1032.

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A number of technical approaches had to be employed within the planner, namely, 1) translating expected reward into a probability of goal satisfaction criterion, 2) monitoring belief states with a Rao-Blackwellized particle, and 3) employing Rao-Blackwellized particles in the McLUG probabilistic conformant planning graph heuristic. POND-Hindsight is an action selection mechanism that evaluates each possible action by generating a number of lookahead samples (up to a xed horizon) that greedily select actions based on their heuristic value and samples the actions' observation; the average goal satisfaction probability of the end horizon belief states is used as the value of each action.
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Pomerleau, Julie. "Comment appliquer les politiques provinciales d'hygiène: le cas des comtés de Brome et Missisquoi de 1870 à 1920." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10936.

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Aujourd'hui nous vivons dans une société médicalisée où les mesures d'hygiène font tellement partie de notre quotidien que nous n'y portons presque pas d'attention. Nous nous référons régulièrement à des médecins pour nos problèmes de santé, nous exécutons machinalement les gestes d'hygiène personnelle et les mesures d'hygiène publique sont systématiquement prises en charge par les autorités gouvernementales. Pourtant au 19e siècle et au début du 20e siècle, il n'en était pas ainsi. A cette époque les autorités gouvernementales, les hommes de science et les médecins devaient lutter contre des habitudes et des mentalités bien enracinées en Europe comme en Amérique du Nord…
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44

Vila, Stéphane. "Etude du mode d'action de la calcimycine (ou A23187)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21256.

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45

Monteil, Fanny. "Carbonylation de l'oct-1-ène et du bromobenzène catalysée par des complexes hydrosolubles du palladium ou du rhodium." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT044G.

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Dans le but d'assurer un recyclage aise du complexe organometallique dans un procede utilisant la catalyse homogene, les derives rh#2(s#tbu)#2(co)#2l#2, (1) et pdl#3, (2) ont ete synthetises avec un ligand l hydrosoluble, la tris(m-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine. Dans la reaction d'hydroformylation de l'oct-1-ene, un cosolvant est ajoute pour ameliorer le transfert du substrat dans la phase aqueuse contenant le complexe (1) tout en minimisant les quantites d'eau dans la phase organique. La vitesse de reaction est augmentee, mais le complexe evolue vers l'espece hrh(co)l#3 qui, au detriment de l'activite, requiert un grand exces de ligand l pour etre stable. En outre, environ 20% du rhodium fuient dans la phase organique. En revanche, la catalyse en phase aqueuse supportee permet de combiner des vitesses importantes de reaction, une absence complete de fuites de rhodium dans la phase organique et la separation tres facile du catalyseur en vue de son recyclage. La reaction de carbonylation du bromobenzene catalysee par le complexe (2) conduit selectivement a l'acide benzoique. Il n'est pas possible d'orienter la reaction vers la formation preferentielle de benzaldehyde. L'addition d'un faible exces de ligand permet d'eviter la formation de palladium metallique a l'inverse de ce qui est observe en milieu homogene avec pd(pph#3)#n
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46

Medaghri-Alaoui, Abdelouahid. "Réduction électrochimique du dibromodifluorométhane. Formation du radical anion (CF2Br2). ̱, du radical CF2Br. , du bromodifluorométhylure CF2Bṟ et du difluorocarbène : cf2." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20135.

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La presente etude porte sur le comportement du dibromodifluoromethane lors d'une reduction a une electrode de carbone. On montre que cette reduction est bielectronique conduisant au difluorocarbene, via le bromodifluoromethylure. Les electrolyses conduites en presence de diverses olefines, mettent en evidence la formation de composes resultant de la presence intermediaire du radical bromodifluoromethyle: composes d'addition dans le cas de l'hex-i-ene, oligomeres dans le cas de l'acrylate d'ethyle, composes d'addition et difluorocyclopropane dans le cas du 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene. Une etude des mecanismes mis en jeu, en voltametrie a variation lineaire de potentiel, permet de preciser les points suivants: la reduction cathodique du dibromodifluoromethane, correspond initialement a la formation du radical anion dibromodifluoromethane. Celui-ci diffuse au voisinage de l'electrode et se decompose en radical bromodifluoromethyle et ion bromure. La vitesse de coupure correspondante a pu etre calculee. Le radical libere peut reagir avec une olefine, ou en l'absence etre reduit en bromodifluoromethylure, connu comme source de difluorocarbene. On a pu montrer que les difluorocyclopropanes formes resultent en partie de la cyclisation des adducts intermediaires et non uniquement d'une reaction directe du difluorocarbene. Les vitesses de reactions du radical bromodifluoromethyle sur les trois olefines etudiees ont ete determinees. Au total, la reduction cathodique du dibromodifluoromethane montre que l'electrochimie permet de developper a la fois les potentialites des methodes radicalaires d'activation de ce compose et les methodes de reduction sur les metaux conduisant au carbene libre. En particulier, la formation initiale d'un radical anion par transfert monoelectronique a pu etre etablie
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CASSELYN, Marina. "Modifications structurales du Virus de la Mosaïque du Brome et interactions entre particules virales en solution : application à la cristallisation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006118.

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Les virus sont des objets biologiques dont les mécanismes de prolifération restent mal compris, et dont la taille et l'organisation du génome rendent la cristallisation difficile. Nous avons étudié les modifications structurales d'un virus sphérique de plante, le Virus de la Mosaïque du Brome (BMV), ainsi que les interactions entre particules virales en solution afin de définir des conditions de cristallisation. Le gonflement de la capside lors de l'entrée du virus dans les cellules de plantes est impliqué dans la prolifération virale. Dans un premier temps, nous avons modélisé la capside du BMV, sous sa forme compacte à pH 5,9 et sous sa forme gonflée à pH 7,5, par reconstruction tridimensionnelle à partir de clichés de cryomicroscopie. Nous avons ainsi pu observer le réarrangement de l'ARN entre les deux états. Nous avons ensuite étudié les interactions entre particules virales en solution par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles. Nous avons fait varier plusieurs paramètres physico-chimiques comme le pH, et la concentration en sels et en polymères, afin d'induire des interactions attractives entre virus en solution. En effet, la cristallisation des protéines a lieu en régime attractif. Grâce aux résultats obtenus par l'utilisation de polyéthylène glycol (PEG), nous avons pu déterminer des conditions de cristallisation du BMV, et montrer la corrélation existant entre la nature des interactions en solution et la cristallisation de macromolécules de la taille du BMV. Nous avons également mis en évidence qu'un excès de PEG provoque la précipitation microcristalline des virus. L'étude de la cinétique d'apparition et de croissance des microcristaux nous a permis de mieux caractériser les étapes précoces de cristallisation du BMV en présence de PEG.
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48

Casselyn, Marina. "Modifications structurales du virus de la mosai͏̈que du Brome et interactions entre particules virales en solution : application à la cristallisation." Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006118.

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49

Fowers, Beth. "Ecologically-Based Manipulation Practices for Managing Bromus tectorum-infested Rangelands." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1019.

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Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is an invasive annual grass common in several semiarid plant communities in the western U.S. B. tectorum presence increases fire frequency and size, reducing species diversity, and leading to annual species-dominated systems with inconsistent livestock forage potential and degraded wildlife habitat value. Most efforts to manage B. tectorum-dominated rangelands have focused on controlling the plant itself rather than addressing the causes of vegetation change. An alternative approach, ecologically-based invasive plant management (EBIPM), identifies treatments that can alter factors associated with the causes of succession, leading to a more desirable vegetation state. This study utilized the EBIPM framework to design a large-scale demonstration project, which implemented a series of manipulation treatments (mowing, prescribed fire, imazapic herbicide, and seeding with perennial species) to suppress B. tectorum and promote desirable species. The treatments were implemented at two semiarid shrubland sites in northwestern Utah. Treatments were evaluated by measuring resident vegetation cover, density, aboveground biomass, and litter and soil seed banks. Herbicide was most effective in reducing B. tectorum cover, density, and biomass, while fire was effective in reducing seed density in the litter seed bank. Treatment interactions were rarely significant; however, by combining fire and herbicide, increased B. tectorum control was achieved. Seedlings of seeded perennial grasses emerged in all treatments; however, establishment by the end of the first growing season was greatest in treatments involving fire. The results of this study indicate that using a decision-making framework to select a series of treatments that alter the causes of succession can improve the management of B. tectroum-dominated rangelands.
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50

Theys, Nicolas. "Atmospheric bromine monoxide: multi-platform observations and model calculations." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210185.

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Bromine compounds play an important role as catalyst of the ozone destruction in both the stratosphere and troposphere. While the impact of bromine species on the chemistry of the stratosphere is known to a large extend, a number of uncertainties remain regarding the sources and sinks of atmospheric bromine as well as the chemistry and impact of bromine species on the troposphere.

This work describes remote-sensing observations of bromine monoxide (BrO) derived from scattered sunlight spectra in the ultraviolet region measured by ground-based multi-axis and satellite nadir viewing instruments (GOME and GOME-2). The method of differential optical absorption spectroscopy is used to retrieve the columnar concentration of BrO along the effective light path through the atmosphere. New algorithms to derive vertical columns of BrO resolved into their stratospheric and tropospheric contributions are developed and described. For the ground-based geometry a way was found to determine independently the stratospheric and tropospheric BrO columns from the diurnal variation of the BrO measurements. For the satellite observations, the contribution of the stratospheric BrO to the measured column is estimated using an innovative stratospheric BrO climatology. This climatology is based on a state-of-the-art stratospheric chemical transport model, and explicitly accounts for the impact of atmospheric dynamics and photochemistry on the stratospheric BrO distribution. As for the tropospheric fraction of the measured total BrO column, it is derived using a residual technique accounting for the effects of clouds and surface reflectivity.

Supported by an extensive set of correlative data, the results presented here allow to study properly the spatial and temporal evolution of atmospheric BrO at the global scale and enable to better assess the significance of BrO in the polar planetary boundary layer and free-troposphere as well as the contribution from very short-lived brominated sources gases to the stratospheric bromine budget. We also report on the first satellite detection of BrO in a volcanic plume, using GOME-2 measurements.

Les composés bromés jouent un rôle important dans la stratosphère et la troposphère en tant que catalyseurs de la destruction d’ozone. Bien que l’impact des espèces bromées sur la chimie de la stratosphère soit largement compris, il reste de nombreuses incertitudes en ce qui concerne les sources et les pertes de brome dans l’atmosphère ainsi qu’à propos de la chimie et de l’impact des espèces bromées sur la troposphère.

Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit porte sur la télédétection du monoxyde de brome (BrO) à partir de spectres du rayonnement solaire diffusé, mesurés dans l’ultraviolet à partir d’instruments au sol de type multi-axis et satellitaires à visée nadir (GOME et GOME-2). La méthode de spectroscopie d’absorption optique différentielle est utilisée pour inverser la colonne intégrée de BrO le long du chemin optique effectif dans l’atmosphère. Nous avons développé de nouveaux algorithmes afin de dériver les colonnes verticales de BrO résolues en leurs contributions stratosphérique et troposphérique. Pour la géométrie d’observation au sol, un moyen a été trouvé pour déterminer indépendamment les colonnes de BrO stratosphérique et troposphérique, et cela à partir de la variation diurne des mesures de BrO. Pour les observations satellitaires, la contribution de la stratosphère à la colonne mesurée de BrO est estimée à partir d’une climatologie innovante de BrO stratosphérique. Cette climatologie est basée sur un modèle de pointe de la chimie et du transport de la stratosphère; par ailleurs, elle tient compte explicitement de l’impact de la dynamique atmosphérique et de la photochimie sur la distribution du BrO dans la stratosphère. La fraction troposphérique de la colonne totale mesurée de BrO est quant à elle dérivée à partir d’une technique résiduelle tenant compte des effets des nuages et de la réflectivité de la surface.

Soutenus par un vaste jeu de données corrélatives, les résultats présentés dans ce travail permettent d’étudier de manière appropriée l’évolution spatiale et temporelle du BrO atmosphérique à l’échelle globale. Ces résultats permettent également de mieux estimer l’importance du BrO dans la couche limite planétaire polaire et dans la troposphère libre ainsi que la contribution des précurseurs bromés à temps de vie court sur le budget de brome dans la stratosphère. Nous présentons également la première détection satellitaire de BrO dans un panache volcanique, à l’aide de mesures effectuées avec l’instrument GOME-2.


Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
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