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Books on the topic 'Dual basis'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Billings, S. A. Dual-orthogonal radial basis function networks for nonlinear time series prediction. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, 1996.

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2

ill, Gurmeet, ed. Basic duas for children. New Delhi: Goodword Books, 2007.

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3

(Group), Double Trouble in Recovery. Double Trouble in Recovery: Basic guide. Center City, Minn: Hazelden, 2010.

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4

Boger, Dan C. On the feasibility of creating a comparable database for nonrecurring cost analysis under dual source competition. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1987.

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5

Robson, Stanley G. Alluvial and bedrock aquifers of the Denver basin--eastern Colorado's dual ground-water resource. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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6

Robson, Stanley G. Alluvial and bedrock aquifers of the Denver basin-eastern Colorado's dual ground-water resources. Denver, CO: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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7

National Association for the Education of Young Children, ed. Basics of supporting dual language learners: An introduction for educators of children from birth through age 8. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2012.

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8

Visual Basic 6. 0 Cheng Xu She Ji Ying Yong Duan Qi Pei Xun Jiao Cheng. Bei jing: Bei jing gong ye da xue chu ban she, 2000.

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9

Shi jie xing yu min zu xing de shuang chong bian zou: Shi jie hua shi ye zhong de jin dai Zhongguo ji chu wai yu jiao yu yan jiu = Dual variations of cosmopolitan and nationality : research on the basic foreign language education of modern China in a cosmopolitanization field of vision. Beijing Shi: Guang ming ri bao chu ban she, 2009.

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10

Ulvi, Saran, and İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi, eds. Uluslararası Üç Deniz Havzası Ülkeleri Ortak Yönetim Kültürü ve Yeniden Yapılanma Sorunları Sempozyumu, 13-16 Ekim 2011, bildiriler kitabı = International Symposium on Common Governance Culture & Restructuring Problems in Three Seas Basin Countries, papers = Mezhdunarodnyĭ Basseĭn trekh moreĭ: Kulʹtura edinogo rukovodstva i problemy pereobrazovanii︠a︡ = Nadwah al-Duwalīyah Ḥawla al-Thaqāfah al-Idārīyah al-Mushtarakah wa-Mashākil Iʻādat al-Haykalah fī Duwal Ḥawḍ al-Biḥār al-Thalāth. Ankara: Kamu Araştırmaları Vakfı, 2012.

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11

Schechter, Elizabeth. Dual Intentional Agency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809654.003.0003.

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This chapter defends the 2-agents claim, according to which the two hemispheres of a split-brain subject are associated with distinct intentional agents. The empirical basis of this claim is that, while both hemispheres are the source or site of intentions, the capacity to integrate them in practical reasoning no longer operates interhemispherically after split-brain surgery. As a result, the right hemisphere-associated agent, R, and the left hemisphere-associated agent, L, enjoy intentional autonomy from each other. Although the positive case for the 2-agents claim is grounded mainly in experimental findings, the claim is not contradicted by what we know of split-brain subjects’ ordinary behavior, that is, the way they act outside of experimental conditions.
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12

Hari, Riitta. Magnetoencephalography. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0035.

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This chapter introduces magnetoencephalography (MEG), a tool to study brain dynamics in basic and clinical neuroscience. MEG picks up brain signals with millisecond resolution, as does electroencephalography, but without distortion by skull and scalp. The chapter describes current instrumentation based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). It delineates basic characteristics of measured signals: (1) brain rhythms and their reactivity during sensory processing and various tasks and (2) evoked responses elicited by sensory stimuli, and the dependence of these responses on various stimulus characteristics. Signals are described from healthy and diseased brains. The chapter presents studies of the brain basis of cognition and social interaction studied in dual-MEG setups and describes how MEG applications can be broadened by innovative setups, including frequency tagging. Progress in the field is predicted regarding sensor technology, data analysis, and multimodal brain imaging, all of which could strengthen MEG’s role in the study of brain dynamics.
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13

Shcherbakov, Stanislav. DUAL BASES, OR AN INTRODUCTION TO TENSOR ANALYSIS. Área de Innovación y Desarrollo, S.L., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17993/ingytec.2016.15.

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14

Double Trouble in Recovery (Group), ed. Double Trouble in Recovery: Basic guide. Center City, Minn: Hazelden, 2010.

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15

Straub, Katrin. Creative Suite/creative Suite: Proyectos Basicos Version Dual/basic Projects Dual Version (Diseno Y Creatividad). Anaya Multimedia, 2005.

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16

Cole, William Howard. Sediment and contaminant removal by dual-purpose detention basins. 1993.

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17

Hanson, Ardis, Bruce Lubotsky Levin, and Aimon Miranda. Informatics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190238308.003.0013.

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Given the amount and types of data collected by public and private organizations, as well as by local, city, county, state, and national agencies, purposes and information systems remain disparate in their structure and function. Hence, there is a significant need to develop high-quality data standards that provide the basis for uniform, comparable, and good-quality information on populations, disorders, and services that address the dual needs of pharmacy and public health. This chapter examines initiatives at the global, regional, and national levels, tying the semantics of health and surveillance to pharmacy practice to issues of technology, such as m-health, re-engineering, and automation.
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18

Alexy, Robert. Law's Ideal Dimension. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796831.001.0001.

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Law in general, including constitutional rights and legal argumentation, has a dual nature. This is the underlying thesis of this collection of twenty-one chapters devoted to legal philosophy and constitutional law. Law connects a real dimension, defined by authoritative issuance and social efficacy, with an ideal dimension, defined by the claim to correctness, which essentially includes a claim to justice. The chapters of the first part of the book establish on this basis a non-positivistic concept of law. In the second part, the concept of constitutional rights is connected with proportionality analysis, explicated by principles theory and understood as a necessary condition of the rationality of the application of constitutional rights. In the third part, it is shown that rationality is possible in law because rational legal argumentation is possible. Here the basis is discourse theory. The final result is a system that brings the formal idea of legal certainty together with the substantive idea of justice.
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19

Gerken, Mikkel. The Psychology of Knowledge Ascriptions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803454.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 surveys some empirical psychology and outlines some folk epistemological principles. By considering the heuristic and biases tradition, it is argued that ordinary knowledge ascriptions are standardly driven by heuristic processes and, therefore, associated with biases. This idea is integrated with a dual process framework for mental state ascriptions. On this basis, some of the central heuristic principles that govern intuitive judgments about knowledge ascriptions are articulated, and some of the biases associated with these principles are identified. The result is an account of an epistemic focal bias in intuitive judgments about knowledge ascription. Thus, Chapter 5 provides both a survey of relevant psychology and a development of the folk psychological principles governing knowledge ascriptions.
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20

Lorence, James J. Mine-Mill and Social Change. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037559.003.0004.

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This chapter illustrates how Clinton Jencks began searching for the residences of local union leaders on his first day in Silver City. As Jencks scoured the towns and canyons in search of union officers, it became clear to him that these communities were rigidly segregated by race. Mexican Americans in Grant County suffered dual discrimination. First, there existed rigid social and educational discrimination within the community. Second, Latino/a workers faced sharp inequality in the workplace, where skilled jobs were denied them on the basis of race. Thus, from an early date he was certain that the key to success in organizing for Mine-Mill would be an effort that coupled economic freedom with a drive to gain racial equality and promote social justice.
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21

Yunnan duan xian hu po huan jing yu chen ji. Xin hua shu dian Beijing fa xing suo fa xing, 1989.

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22

Shagrir, Oron, and William Bechtel. Marr’s Computational Level and Delineating Phenomena. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685509.003.0009.

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A key component of scientific inquiry, especially inquiry devoted to developing mechanistic explanations, is delineating the phenomenon to be explained. The task of delineating phenomena, however, has not been sufficiently analyzed. We contend that Marr’s characterization of the computational level (CL) provides a valuable resource for understanding what is involved in delineating phenomena. Unfortunately, the distinctive feature of Marr’s computational level, his dual emphasis on what is computed and why it is computed, has not been appreciated in philosophical discussions of Marr. Accordingly we offer a distinctive account of CL. This then allows us to develop two important points about delineating phenomena. First, the accounts of phenomena that figure in explanatory practice are typically not qualitative but precise, formal, or mathematical representations. Second, delineating phenomena requires consideration of the demands the environment places on the mechanism—identifying, as Marr put it, the basis of the computed function in the world.
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23

May, Joshua. Defending Moral Judgment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811572.003.0004.

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Wide-ranging debunking arguments aim to support moral skepticism based on empirical evidence (particularly of evolutionary pressures, framing effects, automatic emotional heuristics, and incidental emotions). But such arguments are subject to a debunker’s dilemma: they can identify an influence on moral belief that is either substantial or defective, but not both. When one identifies a genuinely defective influence on a large class of moral beliefs (e.g. framing effects), this influence is insubstantial, failing to render the beliefs unjustified. When one identifies a main basis for belief (e.g. automatic heuristics), the influence is not roundly defective. There is ultimately a trade-off for sweeping debunking arguments in ethics: identifying a substantial influence on moral belief implicates a process that is not genuinely defective. We thus lack empirical reason to believe that moral judgment is fundamentally flawed. Our dual process minds can yield justified moral beliefs despite automatically valuing more than an action’s consequences.
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24

Alves, Cláudio, Francois Clautiaux, José Valério de Carvalho, and Jürgen Rietz. Dual-Feasible Functions for Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization: Basics, Extensions and Applications. Springer, 2018.

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25

Alves, Cláudio, Francois Clautiaux, José Valério de Carvalho, and Jürgen Rietz. Dual-Feasible Functions for Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization: Basics, Extensions and Applications. Springer, 2016.

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26

Robinson, D. H. The Idea of Europe and the Origins of the American Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862925.001.0001.

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This book advances a new interpretation of the origins of the American Revolution by looking at how conceptions of Europe and Europeanness shaped British-American political culture. It reconstructs colonial debates about the European states system and European civilization, and Britain’s position within both. From this basis, it shows how these concerns informed colonial attitudes towards American identity and America’s place inside—and, ultimately, outside—the emerging British Empire. The book explores the way in which colonists inherited and adapted Anglo-British traditions of thinking about international politics, how they navigated imperial politics during the European wars of 1740–63, and how the burgeoning patriot movement negotiated the dual crisis of Europe and Empire in the period between 1763 and 1775. In the process, it sheds new light on the development of public politics in colonial America, the anglicization/Americanization debate, the political economy of empire, the place of art and poetry in political culture, the interplay of history and prophecy with identity, eighteenth-century geopolitical thinking, and the relationship between international affairs and revolution. What emerges from this story is an imperial crisis and an American Revolution that seem both decidedly arcane and strikingly relevant to the political challenges of the twenty-first century.
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27

(Editor), Harry W. McConnell, and Peter J. Snyder (Editor), eds. Psychiatric Comorbidity in Epilepsy: Basic Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 1998.

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28

H, McConnell, and Snyder Peter J. 1964-, eds. Psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy: Basic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1998.

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29

Duan xian pen di fen xi yu mei ju ji gui lu: Zhongguo dong bei bu wan zhong sheng dai duan xian pen di chen ji, gou zao yan hua he neng yuan yu ce yan jiu di fang fa yu cheng guo. Di zhi chu ban she, 1988.

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30

Zorman, Rachel. Itur beayot ba-kehilah ke-basis le-itsuv mediniyut hitarvut hinukhit: Model maarakhot (Duah mehkar). Mekhon Henriyetah Sold, ha-Makhon ha-artsi le-mehkar be-madae ha-hitnahagut, 1985.

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31

Dubber, Markus D. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744290.003.0001.

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Dual Penal State is about the collective failure to address the fundamental challenge of legitimating the threat and use of penal violence in modern liberal states. The introduction introduces key notions that frame the discussion throughout the book, including the dual penal state and the concepts of penal law and penal police that constitute it, and the idea of the penal paradox of state punishment in a modern liberal democracy ostensibly grounded in the fundamental commitment to the autonomy of each person as such. The introduction also introduces the comparative-historical approach driving the book’s analysis and lays out the basic argument of the book, divided into three parts.
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32

Zhongguo dong bu han you qi duan xian pen di di cheng yan zuo yong. Ke xue chu ban she, 1996.

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33

Charnavel, Isabelle. Locality and Logophoricity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190902100.001.0001.

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Anaphors such as English herself, French elle-même, and Mandarin ziji are usually claimed to obey locality requirements stated by Condition A of Binding Theory. But we observe that in various languages, the same anaphors can be exempt from these locality requirements under certain conditions. The goal of this book is to describe and explain this widespread dual behavior of anaphors on the basis of French, English, Mandarin, Korean, and Icelandic. First, several strategies are proposed for distinguishing between the two possible behaviors of anaphors. Plain instances of anaphors require local and exhaustive binding, as well as sloppy readings in ellipsis. Exempt instances of anaphors, however, only require a logophorical interpretation, that is, to occur in phrases expressing the first-personal, mental perspective of their antecedent. Second, a new theory of exempt anaphora is proposed, which consists in deriving all properties distinguishing exempt from plain anaphors to one: the presence of a silent, syntactically represented logophoric operator introducing a local, perspectival binder for superficially exempt anaphors. This hypothesis parsimoniously reduces exempt to plain anaphors obeying Condition A, thus directly accounting for the cross-linguistically widespread morphological identity of plain and exempt anaphors. Under this proposal, the reason why exempt anaphors appear to escape locality requirements is that their binder is implicit, and their mandatory logophoric interpretation derives from the nature of this binder. Finally, several diagnostics are provided for testing the hypothesis that so-called long-distance anaphors can be analyzed just like exempt instances of anaphors.
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34

Fuchs, Thomas. Ecology of the Brain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199646883.001.0001.

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Overcoming the brain centrism of current neuroscience, Ecology of the Brain develops an ecological and embodied concept of the brain as a mediating or resonance organ. Accordingly, the mind is not a product of the brain: it is an activity of the living being as a whole, which integrates the brain in its superordinate life functions. Similarly, consciousness is not an inner domain located somewhere within the organism, but a continuous process of engaging with the world, which extends to all objects that we are in contact with. The traditional mind–brain problem is thus reformulated as a dual aspect of the living being, conceived both as a lived or subjective body and as a living or objective body. Processes of life and of experiencing life are inseparably linked. Hence, it is not the brain, but the living human person as a whole who feels, thinks, and acts. This concept is elaborated on a broad philosophical, neurobiological, and developmental basis. Based on a phenomenology of the lived body and an enactive concept of the living organism as an autopoietic system, the brain is conceived in this book as a resonance organ, mediating the circular interactions within the body as well as the interactions between the body and the environment. Above all, a person’s relations to others continuously restructure the human brain which thus becomes an organ shaped by social interaction, biography, and culture. This concept is also crucial for a non-reductionist theory of mental disorders, psychiatry, and psychotherapy, which is developed in a special chapter.
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35

Gustavsson, Gina, and David Miller, eds. Liberal Nationalism and Its Critics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842545.001.0001.

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The thesis of liberal nationalism is that national identities can serve as a source of unity in culturally diverse liberal societies, thereby lending support to democracy and social justice. The chapters in this book examine that thesis from both normative and empirical perspectives, in the latter case using survey data or psychological experiments from the USA, Canada, the Netherlands, Denmark, France, and the UK. They explore how people understand what it means to belong to their nation, and show that different aspects of national attachment—national identity, national pride, and national chauvinism—have contrasting effects on support for redistribution and on attitudes towards immigrants. The psychological mechanisms that may explain why people’s identity matters for their willingness to extend support to others are examined in depth. Equally important is how the potential recipients of such support are perceived. ‘Ethnic’ and ‘civic’ conceptions of national identity are often contrasted, but the empirical basis for such a distinction is shown to be weak. In their place, a cultural conception of national identity is explored, and defended against the charge that it is ‘essentialist’ and therefore exclusive of minorities. Particular attention is given to the role that religion can legitimately play within such identities. Finally the book examines the challenges involved in integrating immigrants, dual nationals, and other minorities into the national community. It shows that although these groups mostly share the liberal values of the majority, their full inclusion depends on whether they are seen as committed and trustworthy members of the national ‘we’.
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36

Huybrechts, D. Abelian Varieties. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296866.003.0009.

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Historically, Mukai's equivalence with the Poincare bundle on the product of an abelian variety and its dual as kernel was the fist Fourier-Mukai transform. The first section in this chapter functions as a reminder of the basic facts from the rich theory of abelian varieties, and the case of principally polarized abelian varieties is studied. A general investigation of derived equivalences between abelian varieties and derived autoequivalences of a single abelian variety is included.
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37

Tilley, Terrence W. Religious Diversity and the American Experience. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501383342.

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This book surveys the 8 basic approaches to religious pluralism, ranging from exclusivism (evangelical right) through classic inclusivism (Rahner), revised inclusivism (DuPuis), particularism (Paul Griffith), radical diversity (S. Mark Heim), pluralism (Knitter), comparative theologies (Frank Clooney), and dual belonging (Raimundo Panikkar). The unique contribution of this book is the ability to situate the issue of pluralism in the cultural site in the US (here relying on "thick" cultural analyses of Robert Wuthnow, Vincent Miller, and others) and in the religious site of Roman Catholicism (as offering mainstream Christian responses to religious diversity).
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38

Papathomas, Thomas V. The Hollow-Mask Illusion and Variations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0087.

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When viewers see a hollow mask, they misperceive it as a regular convex face. This is the basic form of the hollow-mask illusion, but the illusion involves misperceived motion as well. Namely, when stationary observers view a rotating hollow mask, they perceive a convex face that appears to rotate in the opposite direction; in a dual situation, moving observers perceive a stationary hollow mask as a convex face that appears to rotate as if to “follow” them. This chapter reviews the hollow-mask illusion and examines factors that enhance or weaken it, pathological responses to it, developmental and computational issues, some variants of the illusion, as well its significance in brain research.
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39

Golan, Amos. Entropy Maximization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199349524.003.0004.

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In this chapter I develop the essential maximum entropy procedure, which is an inversion procedure for inferring an unknown probability distribution function from incomplete information. The formulation here is the root of info-metrics and is grounded in the motivations provided in Chapter 2 and the metrics defined in Chapter 3. Once the basic maximum entropy problem is defined and the solution is derived via the method of Lagrange multipliers, I derive and discuss its dual formulation. I then define and discuss the concept of conjugate variables, which is related to the Lagrange multipliers. Throughout, the mathematical derivations are supported by graphical illustrations and supplemented with heuristic arguments and with numerous examples in ideal settings.
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40

Rao, Koneru Ramakrishna. Satya and Ahimsa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199477548.003.0003.

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The third chapter discusses truth (satya) and non-violence (ahimsa) as the basic principles encompassing the entire spectrum of Gandhi’s thought. This chapter deals primarily with the philosophical foundations of Gandhian thought and practices. In Gandhi’s ontology, reality comprises two aspects—the transcendent and the immanent, the ideal and the actual. The dual aspects of reality often appear in the human condition as polarized. The perceived bipolarity sets up a dialectical process and results in a sequence of attempts to find practical synthesis of the ideal and the actual. This chapter is an attempt to address the theoretical conundrums surfacing in Gandhi’s work and sketch a plausible framework for a philosophical structure in order to understand Gandhi’s ideas and practices in the chapters that follow.
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41

Ray, Keith, and Julian Thomas. Neolithic Britain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823896.001.0001.

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The Neolithic in Britain was a period of fundamental change: human communities were transformed, collectively owning domesticated plants and animals, and inhabiting a richer world of material things: timber houses and halls, pottery vessels, polished flint and stone axes, and massive monuments of earth and stone. Equally important was the development of a suite of new social practices, and an emphasis on descent, continuity and inheritance. These innovations set in train social processes that culminated with the construction of Stonehenge, the most remarkable surviving structure from prehistoric Europe. Neolithic Britain provides an up to date, concise introduction to the period of British prehistory from c. 4000-2200 BCE. Written on the basis of a new appreciation of the chronology of the period, the result reflects both on the way that archaeologists write narratives of the Neolithic, and how Neolithic people constructed histories of their own. Incorporating new insights from the extraordinary pace of archaeological discoveries in recent years, a world emerges which is unfamiliar, complex and challenging, and yet played a decisive role in forging the landscape of contemporary Britain. Important recent developments have resulted in a dual realisation: firstly, highly focused research into individual site chronologies can indicate precise and particular time narratives; and secondly, this new awareness of time implies original insights about the fabric of Neolithic society, embracing matters of inheritance, kinship and social ties, and the 'descent' of cultural practices. Moreover, our understanding of Neolithic society has been radically affected by individual discoveries and investigative projects, whether in the Stonehenge area, on mainland Orkney, or in less well-known localities across the British Isles. The new perspective provided in this volume stems from a greater awareness of the ways in which unfolding events and transformations in societies depend upon the changing relations between individuals and groups, mediated by objects and architecture. This concise panorama into Neolithic Britain offers new conclusions and an academically-stimulating but accessible overview. It covers key material and social developments, and reflects on the nature of cultural practices, tradition, genealogy, and society across nearly two millennia.
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42

Kirollos, Ramez, Adel Helmy, Simon Thomson, and Peter Hutchinson, eds. Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746706.001.0001.

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Neurosurgery is a rapidly developing and technically demanding branch of surgery that requires a detailed knowledge of the basic sciences and a thorough clinical approach. The Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery is an up-to-date, objective, and readable text that covers the full scope of neurosurgical practice. Each section takes a dual approach with ‘generic surgical management’ chapters that focus on specific clinical problems facing the neurosurgeon (e.g. sellar/suprasellar tumour, intradural spina tumours, and others) and ‘pathology-specific’ chapters (e.g. glioma, meningeal tumours, scoliosis and spinal deformity, aneurysm, and others). Where appropriate, this division provides the reader with easily accessible information for both clinical problems which present in a regional fashion and specific pathologies. The generic chapters cover aspects such as operative approaches, neuroanatomy, and nuances.
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43

Cameron, Robert, and Vinothan Naidoo. Education Policymaking at National Level. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824053.003.0003.

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When one looks at the arrangements that have been put in place for managing performance in South Africa’s public sector since 1994—and specifically in the education sector—they are enormously impressive. But in general these efforts have not translated into strong performance. We find that policies for managing performance in basic education could best be explained as the outcome of a strategic interaction among three sets of actors: technocratically oriented public officials in the bureaucracy, teacher labour unions (especially SADTU, as the dominant union), and the African National Congress, in its dual role overseeing the education bureaucracy and as head of a ruling political alliance. In practice, the political strength of organized labour has resulted in outwardly impressive initiatives to promote performance management being diluted and falling well short of the aspiration of robust performance management.
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44

Broyde, Michael J. Refining Religious Arbitration in the United States and AbroadThe Jewish Experience. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190640286.003.0008.

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The general framework established by American arbitration law creates various basic requirements for arbitration agreements to be recognized and arbitral awards to be enforced by courts. Even if faith-based arbitrators have observed all the formal legal requirements, they must still convince state courts and judges that their religious dispute resolution processes are genuinely fair, effective, and worth upholding as an alternative form of just adjudication. This chapter uses the Jewish-American arbitration experience to identify six measures that religious arbitration organizations can and should take in order to ensure an effective, legally viable, and judicially enforceable arbitration process, namely publication of formal, sophisticated rules of procedure; development of an internal appellate process; respect for both religious and secular legal norms; acknowledgment of commercial customs and general equity; reliance on arbitrators with broad dual-system expertise; assumption of an active role in internal communal governance, and external communal representation.
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45

Apel, Robert, and Daniel S. Nagin. Perceptual Deterrence. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.6.

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In theory, deterrence is a behavioral response to an individual’s perceptions about the certainty and/or severity of criminal justice sanctions. The perceptual underpinnings of compliance with the law are therefore of long-standing interest in perceptual deterrence scholarship. This chapter provides an overview of the broad scope of this scholarship. After reviewing the basic perceptual elements of crime decision-making models, attention turns to a consideration of research on the determinants of sanction perceptions. First, the overall accuracy of sanction perceptions with respect to existing statutes and penalties is discussed. Second, the degree to which an individual’s sanction perceptions are updated in response to his or her experiences as a successful or unsuccessful offender is examined. Third, the manifold research traditions speaking to situational influences on sanction perceptions are surveyed. Emerging dual-process models inspired by research on judgment and decision making are finally considered.
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46

Cheng, Christine. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199673346.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the concept of extralegal groups and a theoretical framework for analyzing them—how they emerge, develop, and become entrenched over time. It explores their dual nature as threats to the state and as local statebuilders. Formally, an extralegal group is defined as a set of individuals with a proven capacity for violence who work outside the law for profit and provide basic governance functions to sustain its business interests. This framing shows how political authority can develop as a by-product of the commercial environment, even where the state has little or no presence. In post-conflict societies, the predatory nature and historical abuses of citizens conducted in the name of the state means that government is not always more trusted or better able to look after the interests of local populations than an extralegal group. Ultimately, extralegal groups blur the lines between the formal and informal; the licit and illicit.
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47

Hörnle, Tatjana, Christoph Möllers, and Gerhard Wagner, eds. Gerichte und ihre Äquivalente. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845281582.

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This book addresses the forms and ramifications of conflict regulation, which has been the increasing focus of context-sensitive legal research. It paints a theoretically and empirically rich picture of the search for justice and the balancing of interests outside the formal legal system and on the basis of religious or cultural values that differ from those of a liberal ‘Western’ constitutional state. A focal point of the book is the role played by the European Union in strengthening such legal alternatives. It also presents selected lectures from the seminar ‘Recht im Kontext’, which was held at the Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin, and is aimed at both legal scholars and those in the social sciences who desire interdisciplinary debate. With contributions by Antoine Duval, Steffen Hintelang, Michael Stürner, Naoko Matsumoto, Sylvia Tellenbach, Alejandro Chhetman.
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48

Hinton, David G. Running a Small Flock of Sheep. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643093874.

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Running a Small Flock of Sheep uses a step-by-step approach and has been written for small-scale sheep farmers and inexperienced people considering a rural life-style change. It will prepare the reader for each procedure and event on a sheep farm. The book begins with an introduction to the basic principles and procedures of sheep farming and the economics and required farm infrastructure for different sheep enterprises. There are chapters on handling techniques, the obligations of owners, and laws and regulations covering the welfare of sheep. The remainder of the text deals with sheep husbandry including health and nutrition, condition scoring, breeding, lamb care and weaner management. There are separate chapters on wool production and prime lamb production. The final chapter covers the diagnosis, control and prevention of sheep diseases. This reliable and understandable guide provides all the information anyone needs to make the right choices in successfully managing a small flock of sheep, whether you're running a single pet or several hundred sheep for prime lamb, wool or dual purpose.
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Rickard, David. Pyrite. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203672.001.0001.

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Most people have heard of pyrite, the brassy yellow mineral sometimes known as fool's gold. Pyrite behaves like stone and shines like metal, and its dual nature makes it a source of both metals and sulfur. Despite being the most common sulfide mineral on the earth's surface, pyrite's bright crystals have attracted the attention of many different cultures, and its nearly identical visual appearance to gold has led to tales of fraud, trickery, and claims of alchemy. Pyrite occupies a unique place in human history: it became an integral part of mining culture in America during the 19th century, and it has a presence in ancient Sumerian texts, Greek philosophy, and medieval poetry, becoming a symbol for anything overvalued. In Pyrite, geochemist and author David Rickard blends basic science and historical narrative to describe the many unique ways pyrite is integral to our world. He explains the basic science of oxidation, showing us why the mineral looks like gold, and inspects death zones of present oceans where pyrite-related hydrogen sulfide destroys oxygen in the waters. Rickard analyzes pyrite's role in manufacturing sulfuric acid and discusses the significant appearance of the mineral in literature, history, and the development of societies. The mineral's influence extends from human evolution and culture, through science and industry, to our understanding of ancient, modern, and future earth environments. Energetic and accessible, Pyrite is the first book to show readers the history and science of a mineral that helped make the modern world.
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Cheng, Christine. Extralegal Groups in Post-Conflict Liberia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199673346.001.0001.

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In the aftermath of the Liberian civil war, groups of ex-combatants took control of natural resource enclaves. With some of them threatening a return to war, these groups were widely viewed as the most significant threats to Liberia’s hard-won peace. Building on fieldwork and socio-historical analysis, this study shows how extralegal groups emerge as a product of livelihood strategies and the political economy of war. It analyzes the trajectory of extralegal groups in three sectors of the Liberian economy: rubber, diamonds, and timber. The findings offer a counterpoint to the prevailing narrative, arguing that extralegal groups have a dual nature and should be viewed as accidental statebuilders driven to provide basic governance goods in order to create a stable commercial environment. These groups do not seek to rule; they provide governance because they need to trade—not as an end in itself. This leads to the book’s broader argument: it is trade, rather than war, that drives contemporary statebuilding. In areas where the state is weak and political authority is contested, where the rule of law is corrupt and government distrust runs deep, extralegal groups can provide order and dispute resolution, forming the basic kernel of the state. Extralegal groups also perform a series of hidden governance functions that establish public norms of compliance and cooperation with local populations. This sheds new light on how we understand violent nonstate actors, allowing us to view them as part of an evolutionary process of state-making, rather than simply as national security threats.
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