Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dual basis'

Isogeometric analysis is aimed to mitigate the gap between Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and analysis by using a unified geometric representation. Thanks to the exact geometry representation and high smoothness of adopted basis functions, isogeometric analysis demonstrated excellent mathematical properties and successfully addressed a variety of problems. In particular, it allows to solve higher order Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) directly omitting the usage of mixed approaches. Unfortunately, complex CAD geometries are often constituted by multiple Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) patches and cannot be directly applied for finite element analysis.parIn this work, we presents a dual mortaring framework to couple adjacent patches for higher order PDEs. The development of this formulation is initiated over the simplest 4th order problem-biharmonic problem. In order to speed up the construction and preserve the sparsity of the coupled problem, we derive a dual mortar compatible C1 constraint and utilize the Bezier dual basis to discretize the Lagrange multipler spaces. We prove that this approach leads to a well-posed discrete problem and specify requirements to achieve optimal convergence. After identifying the cause of sub-optimality of Bezier dual basis, we develop an enrichment procedure to endow Bezier dual basis with adequate polynomial reproduction ability. The enrichment process is quadrature-free and independent of the mesh size. Hence, there is no need to take care of the conditioning. In addition, the built-in vertex modification yields compatible basis functions for multi-patch coupling.To extend the dual mortar approach to couple Kirchhoff-Love shell, we develop a dual mortar compatible constraint for Kirchhoff-Love shell based on the Rodrigues' rotation formula. This constraint provides a unified formulation for both smooth couplings and kinks. The enriched Bezier dual basis preserves the sparsity of the coupled Kirchhoff-Love shell formulation and yields accurate results for several benchmark problems.Like the dual mortaring formulation, locking problem can also be derived from the mixed formulation. Hence, we explore the potential of Bezier dual basis in alleviating transverse shear locking in Timoshenko beams and volumetric locking in nearly compressible linear elasticity. Interpreting the well-known B projection in two different ways we develop two formulations for locking problems in beams and nearly incompressible elastic solids. One formulation leads to a sparse symmetric symmetric system and the other leads to a sparse non-symmetric system.

This thesis investigates architectures for multiplying elements in Galois rings of the size 4^m, where m is an integer.

The main question is whether known architectures for multiplying in Galois fields can be used for Galois rings also, with small modifications, and the answer to that question is that they can.

Different representations for elements in Galois rings are also explored, and the performance of multipliers for the different representations is investigated.

The fundamental advantages of applying Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) to shell analysis have been extensively demonstrated across a wide range of problems and formulations. However, a phenomenon called numerical locking is still a major challenge in IGA shell analysis, which can lead to dramatically deteriorated analysis accuracy. Additionally, for complex thin-walled structures, a simple and robust coupling technique is desired to sew together models composed of multiple patches. This dissertation focuses on addressing these challenges of IGA shell analysis. First, an isogeometric dual mortar method is developed for multi-patch coupling. This method is based on Be ?zier extraction and projection and can be employed during the creation and editing of geometry through properly modified extraction operators. It is applicable to any spline space which has a representation in Be ?zier form. The error in the method can be adaptively controlled, in some cases recovering optimal higher-order rates of convergence, by leveraging the exact refineability of the proposed dual spline basis without introducing any additional degrees-of-freedom into the linear system. This method can be used not only for shell elements but also for heat transfer and solid elements, etc. Next, a mixed formulation for IGA shell analysis is proposed that addresses both shear and membrane locking and improves the quality of computed stresses. The starting point of the formulation is the modified Hellinger-Reissner variational principle with independent displacement, membrane, and shear strains as the unknown fields. To overcome locking, the strain variables are interpolated with lower-order spline bases while the variations of the strain variables are interpolated with the proposed dual spline bases. As a result, the strain variables can be condensed out of the system with only a slight increase in the bandwidth of the resulting linear system and the condensed approach preserves the accuracy of the non-condensed mixed approach but with fewer degrees-of-freedom. Finally, as an alternative, new quadrature rules are developed to release membrane and shear locking. These quadrature rules asymptotically only require one point for Reissner-Mindlin (RM) shell elements and two points for Kirchhoff-Love (KL) shell elements in B-spline and NURBS-based isogeometric shell analysis, independent of the polynomial order p of the elements. The quadrature points are Greville abscissae and the quadrature weights are calculated by solving a linear moment fitting problem in each parametric direction. These quadrature rules are free of spurious zero-energy modes and any spurious finite-energy modes in membrane stiffness can be easily stabilized by using a higher-order Greville rule.

Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第20425号
農博第2210号
新制||農||1047(附属図書館)
学位論文||H29||N5046(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 加納 健司, 教授 宮川 恒, 教授 三芳 秀人
学位規則第4条第1項該当

In this research project, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is developed and formulated for the solution of two-dimensional convection-diffusion-reaction problems. A combined approach with the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) has been applied to solve steady-state problems with variable velocity and transient problems with constant and variable velocity fields. Further, the radial integration boundary element method (RIBEM) is utilised to handle non-homogeneous problems with variable source term. For all cases, a boundary-only formulation is produced. Initially, the steady-state case with constant velocity is considered, by employing constant boundary elements and a fundamental solution of the adjoint equation. This fundamental solution leads to a singular integral equation. The conservation laws, usually applied to avoid this integration, do not hold when a chemical reaction is taking place. Then, the integrals are successfully computed using Telles' technique. The application of the BEM for this particular equation is discussed in detail in this work. Next, the steady-state problem for variable velocity fields is presented and investigated. The velocity field is divided into an average value plus a perturbation. The perturbation is taken to the right-hand-side of the equation generating a non-homogeneous term. This nonhomogeneous equation is treated by utilising the DRM approach resulting in a boundary-only equation. Then, an integral equation formulation for the transient problem with constant velocity is derived, based on the DRM approach utilising the fundamental solution of the steady-state case. Therefore, the convective terms will be encompassed by the fundamental solution and lie within the boundary integral after application of Greens's second identity, leaving on the right-hand-side of the equation a domain integral involving the time-derivative only. The proposed DRM method needs the time-derivative to be expanded as a series of functions that will allow the domain integral to be moved to the boundary. The expansion required by the DRM uses functions which take into account the geometry and physics of the problem, if velocity-dependent terms are used. After that, a novel DRBEM model for transient convection-diffusion-reaction problems with variable velocity field is investigated and validated. The fundamental solution for the corresponding steady-state problem is adopted in this formulation. The variable velocity is decomposed into an average which is included into the fundamental solution of the corresponding equation with constant coefficients, and a perturbation which is treated using the DRM approximation. The mathematical formulation permits the numerical solution to be represented in terms of boundary-only integrals. Finally, a new formulation for non-homogeneous convection-diffusion-reaction problems with variable source term is achieved using RIBEM. The RIM is adopted to convert the domain integrals into boundary-only integrals. The proposed technique shows very good solution behaviour and accuracy in all cases studied. The convergence of the methods has been examined by implementing different error norm indicators and increasing the number of boundary elements in all cases. Numerical test cases are presented throughout this research work. Their results are sufficiently encouraging to recommend the use of the techniques developed for solution of general convection-diffusion-reaction problems. All the simulated solutions for several examples showed very good agreement with available analytical solutions, with no numerical problems of oscillation and damping of sharp fronts.

Muitas relações min-max em otimização combinatória podem ser demonstradas através de total dual integralidade de sistemas lineares. O conceito algébrico de bases de Hilbert foi originalmente introduzido com o objetivo de melhor compreender a estrutura geral dos sistemas totalmente dual integrais. Resultados apresentados posteriormente mostraram que bases de Hilbert também são relevantes para a otimização combinatória em geral e para a caracterização de certas classes de objetos discretos. Entre tais resultados, foram provadas, a partir dessas bases, versões do teorema de Carathéodory para programação inteira. Nesta dissertação, estudamos aspectos estruturais e computacionais de bases de Hilbert e relações destas com programação inteira e otimização combinatória. Em particular, consideramos versões inteiras do teorema de Carathéodory e conjecturas relacionadas.
There are several min-max relations in combinatorial optimization that can be proved through total dual integrality of linear systems. The algebraic concept of Hilbert basis was originally introduced with the objective of better understanding the general structure of totally dual integral systems. Some results that were proved later have shown that Hilbert basis are also relevant to combinatorial optimization in a general manner and to characterize certain classes of discrete objects. Among such results, there are versions of Carathéodory\'s theorem for integer programming that were proved through those basis. In this dissertation, we study structural and computational aspects of Hilbert basis and their relations to integer programming and combinatorial optimization. In particular, we consider integer versions of Carathéodory\'s theorem and related conjectures.

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In this work the main objective is to present the development of learning algorithms for online application for the solution of algebraic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. The concepts covered are focused on developing the methodology for control systems, through techniques that aims to design online adaptive controllers to reject noise sensors, parametric variations and modeling errors. Concepts of neurodynamic programming and reinforcement learning are are discussed to design algorithms where the context of a given operating point causes the control system to adapt and thus present the performance according to specifications design. Are designed methods for online estimation of adaptive critic focusing efforts on techniques for gradient estimating of the environment value function.
Neste trabalho o principal objetivo é apresentar o desenvolvimento de algoritmos de aprendizagem para execução online para a solução da equação algébrica de Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman. Os conceitos abordados se concentram no desenvolvimento da metodologia para sistemas de controle, por meio de técnicas que tem como objetivo o projeto online de controladores adaptativos são projetados para rejeitar ruídos de sensores, variações paramétricas e erros de modelagem. Conceitos de programação neurodinâmica e aprendizagem por reforço são abordados para desenvolver algoritmos onde a contextualização de determinado ponto de operação faz com que o sistema de controle se adapte e, dessa forma, apresente o desempenho de acordo com as especificações de projeto. Desenvolve-se métodos para a estimação online do crítico adaptativo concentrando os esforços em técnicas de estimação do gradiente da função valor do ambiente.

Táto diplomová práca sa zaoberá matematickými aparátmi popisujúcimi doprednú a inverznú kinematiku robotického ramena. Pre popis polohy koncového efektoru, teda doprednej kinematiky, je potrebné zaviesť špeciálnu Euklidovskú grupu zobrazení. Táto grupa môže byť reprezentovaná pomocou matíc alebo pomocou duálnych kvaterniónov. Problém inverznej kinematiky, kedy je potrebné z určenej polohy koncového efektoru dopočítať kĺbové parametre robotického ramena, je v tejto práci riešený pomocou exponenciálnych zobrazení a Grobnerovej bázy. Všetky spomenuté popisy doprednej a inverznej kinematiky sú aplikované na robotické rameno s troma rotačnými kĺbami. Odvodené postupy sú následne implementované a vizualizované v prostredí programu Mathematica.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A investigação de sistemas catalíticos duais capazes de mediar as reações de polimerização por abertura de anel via metátese (ROMP) e de polimerização radicalar por transferência de átomo (ATRP) simultaneamente é de grande interesse e importância na obtenção de novos materiais com potencial de aplicação. Neste estudo, novos complexos de rutênio(II) coordenados a diferentes bases de Schiff derivadas de cicloalquilaminas (ciclopentil 1a, cicloexil 1b, cicloheptil 1c e ciclooctil 1d) foram sintetizados: [RuCl(CyPen-Salen)(PPh3)2] 2a, [RuCl(CyHex-Salen)(PPh3)2] 2b, [RuCl(CyHep-Salen)(PPh3)2] 2c e [RuCl(CyOct-Salen)(PPh3)2] 2d. As bases de Schiff e seus respectivos complexos de rutênio foram caracterizados por FTIR, UV-Vis, RMN e voltametria cíclica. Os complexos planejados foram avaliados como precursores catalíticos em reações de ROMP de norborneno (NBE) e em reações de ATRP de metacrilato de metila (MMA). As sínteses de polinorborneno (poliNBE) via ROMP com os complexos 2a-d como pré-catalisadores foram avaliadas sob diferentes condições de reação ([HCl]/[Ru], [EDA]/[Ru], [NBE]/[Ru] e temperatura). Os melhores rendimentos de poliNBE foram obtidos a 50 °C com razão molar [NBE]/[HCl]/[Ru] = 5000/25/1 na presença de 5 µL de EDA por 60 minutos. A polimerização de MMA via ATRP foi conduzida usando os complexos 2a-d na presença de etil-α-bromoisobutirato (EBiB) como iniciador. Os testes catalíticos foram avaliados em função do tempo de reação usando a razão molar [MMA]/[EBiB]/[Ru] = 1000/2/1. Todos os experimentos via ATRP foram conduzidos à 85 °C. A correlação linear do ln([MMA]0/[MMA]) em função do tempo na ATRP de MMA mediada pelos complexos 2a-d indica que a concentração de radicais permanece constante durante a polimerização. As massas moleculares aumentaram linearmente com a conversão com a diminuição dos valores de IPD, no entanto, as massas moleculares experimentais foram maiores do que as massas moleculares teóricas.
The investigation of dual catalytic systems able to mediate simultaneously ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions is of great interest and importance in obtaining new materials with potential for application. In the study, ruthenium(II) complexes of Schiff base derived from cycloalkylamines (cycloalkyl = cyclopentyl 1a, cyclohexyl 1b, cycloheptyl 1c and cyclooctyl) 1d were synthesized: [RuCl(CyPen-Salen)(PPh3)2] 2a, [RuCl(CyHex-Salen)(PPh3)2] 2b, [RuCl(CyHep-Salen)(PPh3)2] 2c and [RuCl(CyOct-Salen)(PPh3)2] 2d. The Schiff bases 1a-d and their respective RuII complexes 2a-d were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, NMR, and cyclic voltammetry. The complexes 2a-d were evaluated as catalytic precursors for ROMP of norbornene (NBE) and for ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The syntheses of polynorbornene (polyNBE) via ROMP with complexes 2a-d as pre-catalysts were evaluated under different reaction conditions ([HCl]/[Ru], [EDA]/[Ru], [NBE]/[Ru], and temperature). The highest yields of polyNBE were obtained with [NBE]/[HCl]/[Ru] = 5000/25/1 molar ratio in the presence of 5 µL of EDA for 60 minutes at 50 °C. MMA polymerization via ATRP was conducted using the complexes 2a-d in the presence of ethyl-α-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator. The catalytic tests were evaluated as a function of the reaction time using the initial molar ratio of [MMA]/[EBiB]/[Ru] = 1000/2/1 at 85 °C. The linear correlation of ln([MMA]0/[MMA]) and time clearly indicates that the concentration of radicals remains constant during the polymerization and that the ATRP of MMA mediated by 2a-d proceeds in a controlled manner. Molecular weights increased linearly with conversion, however, the experimental molecular weights were higher than the theoretical ones.

In questo lavoro vengono analizzati, implementati e sperimentati alcuni metodi per la costruzione di basi duali. Il metodo più effciente viene poi sperimentato per le basi B-spline che hanno la proprietà di essere basi a supporto compatto. Nel primo capitolo vengono presentati tre metodi per il calcolo di basi duali. Prima se ne discutono due più costosi, poi un terzo meno costoso ed elaborato recentemente. Poiché questi possono essere utilizzati per risolvere il problema di approssimazione nel senso dei minimi quadrati, si descrive in linea teorica questa applicazione. Si descrive quindi il calcolo di una base duale nel caso di una base B-spline. Infine si propone un'implementazione in codice MATLAB del metodo. Nel secondo capitolo vengono presentati degli esempi. In alcuni si calcola una base duale, in altri si risolve il problema di approssimazione nel senso dei minimi quadrati. Alcuni sono svolti utilizzando un prodotto interno discreto, altri un prodotto interno continuo. Si calcola, di alcuni di essi, il costo computazionale.

A Tomografia Computadorizada de Energia Dupla (DECT em inglês) é um dos campos das imagens tomográficas que mais evoluiu nos últimos anos. O DECT usa dois espectros para irradiar pacientes e é capaz de diferenciar tecidos com base na sua composição elementar. Apesar de serem semelhantes aos dispositivos padrão de tomografia, para essa modalidade é necessário o desenvolvimento de ferramentas específicas que permitam o estudo de suas propriedades de imagem. O objetivo deste trabalho era construir um sistema simulado de Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) com a capacidade de produzir imagens semelhantes às obtidas em dispositivos DECT reais. O TC simulado também permitiria explorar as propriedades das imagens de materiais de teste antes de sua construção física. Este trabalho presenta a simulação do processo de aquisição de imagens de um dispositivo DECT que funciona a partir da troca rápida de kV, o GE Discovery CT 750 HD. A geometria simulada foi baseada num dispositivo atualmente disponível no InRad (Instituto de Radiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo). As simulações foram realizadas usando o código Monte Carlo PENELOPE/penEasy para simular o transporte de radiação através dos materiais e detectores. Também é apresentada uma comparação entre as imagens obtidas no dispositivo real e nas simulações. Para isso, foi preparado um objeto simulador cilíndrico contendo concentrações de materiais equivalentes a iodo e cálcio. As imagens de tal objeto simulador foram adquiridas no equipamento GE Discovery CT 750 HD. Um objeto simulador equivalente foi modelado e as suas imagens foram simuladas com o código PENELOPE/penEasy. As imagens foram adquiridas e reconstruídas de acordo com as possibilidades do equipamento clínico de tomografia. Imagens de concentração de material e imagens monoenergéticas foram obtidas a partir do dispositivo CT clínico e das simulações. O algoritmo BMD (Basis Material Decomposition em Inglês) baseado nas projeções foi implementado usando os coeficientes de atenuação mássicos da água e do iodo. Consequentemente, imagens de concentração dos materiais água e iodo foram obtidas. A concentração medida nos cilindros de iodo foi equivalente às esperadas tanto no dispositivo real quanto nas imagens simuladas. Foram observados artefatos de endurecimento de feixe nas imagens de concentração de material. Imagens monoenergéticas foram obtidas para diferentes energias. Tais imagens foram obtidas a partir da superposição das imagens de concentração de água e iodo, que foram ponderadas pelos seus respectivos coeficientes de atenuação mássicos. Verificou-se que para as imagens monoenergéticas simuladas e reais em altas energias a imagem de concentração da água é a componente dominante, produzindo imagens que apresentaram as cavidades de iodo como menos atenuantes do que a água. Por outro lado, para energias baixas, a componente dominante nas imagens monoenergéticas foi a imagem de concentração do iodo. O CNR foi analisado nas imagens monoenergéticas como função da energia. As curvas do CNR dos dispositivos simulado e real exibiram semelhanças em sua forma, mas com escala diferente devido à diferença no ruído. Foi possível concluir que o modelo DECT simulado apresenta resultados qualitativos semelhantes aos obtidos no dispositivo real. O sistema de TC simulado permite explorar as características das imagens com diferentes materiais e composições. Ele também pode ser usado como uma ferramenta didática para melhorar a compreensão da diferenciação de materiais em tomografia espectral e DECT.
Dual Energy (DE) Computed Tomography (CT) is one of the fields of tomographic images that has evolved rapidly during the last years. DECT uses two X-ray spectra to irradiate patients It is capable to differentiate materials based on its elementary composition. Despite being similar to standard CT devices, DECT devices require the development of specific tools that allow the study of their image properties. The objective of this work was to build a modelled CT system capable of producing images similar to those obtained in real DECT devices. The modelled CT would also allow exploring the image properties of test materials before their physical construction. This work presents the simulation of the acquisition process of a DECT device that works with rapid kV switching, the GE Discovery CT 750 HD. The simulated geometry was based on a device currently available at the InRad (Institute of Radiology of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo). The simulations were carried out using the PENELOPE/penEasy Monte Carlo code, which simulates radiation transport through the materials and detectors. A comparison between the images obtained in the real device and from simulations is also presented. To do so, a real phantom was prepared to be imaged and an equivalent system was simulated. The phantom contained inserts with concentrations of iodine and calcium. The images were acquired and reconstructed according to the possibilities of the real CT device. Standard, material concentration and virtual monoenergetic images were acquired[L1] from both, the real CT device and simulations. The Projection-Based BMD method was implemented using the mass attenuation coefficients of water and iodine. Then, material concentration images of water and iodine were obtained. The iodine concentrations estimated from the images agreed with the expected values in both real device and simulated images. Beam hardening artefacts were observed in the simulated material concentration images. Monoenergetic images were obtained for different energies. Such images were obtained as a superposition of the concentration images of water and iodine, weighed by their respective mass attenuation coefficient. It was verified that in the simulated and real device images, at high energies, the water concentration image predominated in the monoenergetic images, producing images that presented the iodine cavities as less attenuating than water. In contrast, at low energies, the predominant component of the monoenergetic images was the iodine concentration image. Contrast Noise Ratio (CNR) was analysed in the monochromatic images as a function of energy. Simulated and real device CNR curves exhibited similarities in their shape but with a different scale due to their difference in noise. It was possible to conclude that the simulated DECT model presented qualitative results similar to the obtained in the real device. The modelled CT system permits exploring the image features with different materials and compositions. It could also be used as a didactic tool to improve the understanding of material differentiation in spectral or DECT.

Soient n un entier non négatif et H un ensemble fini de vecteurs à n composantes entières. Le cône engendré par H, noté cone(H), est l'ensemble des vecteurs qui sont combinaisons linéaires non négatives des vecteurs de H. Le treillis engendré par H, noté lat(H), est l'ensemble des combinaisons linéaires entières des vecteurs de H. On dit que H est un système générateur de Hilbert si tout vecteur qui appartient à cone(H) et à lat(H) peut s'exprimer comme combinaison linéaire de vecteurs de H avec des coefficients entiers et non négatifs. Si H est minimal pour la propriété précédente, le même cône et le même treillis, alors on dit que H est une base de Hilbert. Un exemple important de base de Hilbert, étudié dans cette thèse, est l'ensemble B(M) des (vecteurs caractéristiques des) bases d'un matroïde M. Cook, Fonlupt et Schrijver ont montré que, si H est une base de Hilbert, tout vecteur entier qui est dans cone(H) et dans lat(H) est combinaison linéaire de 2n-1 vecteurs de H. Ils conjecturent que 2n-1 peut être remplacé par n. Sebö a amélioré le résultat avec la valeur 2n-2 et prouvé une conjecture plus forte qu'il démontre, la conjecture de couverture unimodulaire, pour n=3n: tout vecteur qui est dans cone(H) et dans lat(H) est combinaison linéaire de n vecteurs de H linéairement indépendants qui engendrent le même treillis lat(H). La notion de base de Hilbert a été introduite dans un sens plus restreint par Giles et Pulleyblank en relation avec les systèmes TDI (totalement dual intégral). On la retrouve ainsi que la conjecture de couverture unimodulaire dans beaucoup de problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire (polyédrale). Un résultat principal de cette thèse est la mise en évidence d'une classe de matroïdes M tels que B(M) vérifie la conjecture de couverture unimodulaire

Les travaux de recherche fondamentale présentés ici sont ancrés au cœur de la chimie organique de synthèse moderne, et plus particulièrement dans le domaine de la multi-organocatalyse énantiosélective. Dans ce manuscrit, nous avons identifié deux organocascades originales et démontré la pertinence synthétique de l'une d'elle par des applications en synthèse totale de produits naturels. L’originalité de ce travail repose sur l’utilisation d’un NHC de la classe des 1,3-imidazol-2-ylidenes comme base de Brønsted ou base de Lewis organocatalytique
The basic research work presented herein is anchored at the core of modern synthetic organic chemistry, and more specifically in the field of enantioselective multi-organocatalysis. In this manuscript, we have identified two original organocascades and demonstrated the synthetic relevance of one of these through applications in total synthesis. The originality of the work lies on the use of a 1,3-imidazol-2-ylidene NHC as an organocatalytic Brønsted or Lewis base

Since 1995, California State Fish Hatcheries (Feather River, Nimbus, and Mokelumne) and Coleman National Fish Hatchery have raised approximately 29 million 4 fall run Central Valley Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) per season for stock enhancement. From April through June, fish are acclimated in net-pens prior to release at one of three sites: the Carquinez Strait at Conoco Phillips (CP), the mouth of the Napa River at Mare Island (MI), and the San Joaquin River at Jersey Point (JP). Striped Bass, Marone saxatilis, are known to congregate at the release location to feed on the hatchery fish as they enter the Delta and Bay, and are suspected to be reducing numbers of Chinook recruitment. Dual-Frequency Identification Sonar (DIDSON) was used to capture video-like images to enumerate and estimate sizes of potential predators in the area. Stomach analysis was used to obtain consumption rate data and a simple model was used to estimate predator impacts on the hatchery fish. Data was collected in 2011 and 2012. In 2011 the striped bass population at CP was significantly larger than MI (p=0.009) and JP (p=0.038) and in 2011 , and MI (p=0.046) in 2012. Predators were significantly smaller (range 11.8-61.7 em, mean 34.6 em in 2011 ; 21-67 em, 42.9 in 2012) atJP (p<0.001). Average size predator at MI was 47.3 em (range 31-59 em) in 2011 and 50.9 em (range 33-73 em) in 20 12; and at CP was 48.3 em (range 16-77 em) in 2011 and 52.7 em (range 31-78 em) in 2012. On average an estimated 2.2% of hatchery fi sh are consumed each year by striped bass and predator impacts are greatest at CP (p<0.001). Changing the release site often could improve salmon survival by decreasing predator attraction to the site and reducing immediate predator-prey encounters.

Neste trabalho, apresentamos um estudo sobre a existência ou não de bases normais auto-duais para extensões galoisianas finitas de corpos, mostrando que toda extensão galoisiana finita de grau ímpar posui uma base normal auto-dual, enquanto que para extensões galoisianas de grau par, apresentamos algumas condições suficientes que garantem a não existência de bases normais auto-duais
In this work, we present a study about the existence or not of self-dual normal bases for finite galoisian extensions of fields, showing that all the odd degree finite galoisian extension has a self-dual normal base, whereas for even degree galoisian extensions, we present some sufficient conditions that assure the non-existence of self-dual normal bases

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Animal and Avian Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

A new understanding of the damage formation mechanisms in Si is developed and investigated over an extended range of ion energy, dose, and irradiation temperature. A simple model for dealing with ion-induced damage is proposed, which is shown to be applicable over the range of implantation conditions. In particular the concept of defect "excesses" will be discussed. An excess exists in the lattice when there is a local surplus of one particular type of defect, such as an interstitial, over its complimentary defect (i.e., a vacancy). Mechanisms for producing such excesses by implantation will be discussed. The basis of this model specifies that accumulation of stable lattice damage during implantation depends upon the excess defects and not the total number of defects. The excess defect model is validated by fundamental damage studies involving ion implantation over a range of conditions. Confirmation of the model is provided by comparing damage profiles after implantation with computer simulation results. It will be shown that transport of ions in matter (TRIM) can be used effectively to model the ion-induced damage profile, i.e. excess defect distributions, by a simple subtraction process in which the spatially correlated defects are removed, thereby simulating recombination. Classic defect studies illuminate defect interactions from concomitant implantation of high- and medium-energy Si+-self ions. Also, the predictive quality of the excess defect model was tested by applying the model to develop several experiments to engineer excess defect concentrations to substantially change the nature and distribution of the defects. Not only are the excess defects shown to play a dominant role in defect-related processing issues, but their manipulation is demonstrated to be a powerful tool in tailoring the implantation process to achieve design goals. Pre-amorphization and dual implantation of different energetic ions are two primary investigative tools used in this work. Various analyses, including XTEM, RBS/channeling, PAS, and SIMS, provided experimental verification of the excess defect model disseminated within this dissertation.

Accounts of species’ range shifts in response to climate change, most often as latitudinal shifts towards the poles or upslope shifts to higher elevations, are rapidly accumulating. These range shifts are often attributed to species ‘tracking’ their thermal niches as temperatures in their native ranges increase. Our objective was to estimate the degree to which climate change-driven shifts in water temperature may increase the exposure of West Virginia’s native freshwater fishes to mountaintop removal surface coal mining. Mid-century shifts in habitat suitability for nine non-game West Virginia fishes were projected via Maximum Entropy species distribution modeling, using a combination of physical habitat, historical climate conditions, and future climate data. Modeling projections for a high-emissions scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) predict that habitat suitability will increase in high elevation streams for eight of nine species, with marginal increases in habitat suitability ranging from 46-418%. We conclude that many West Virginia fishes will be at risk of increased exposure to mountaintop removal surface coal mining if climate change continues at a rapid pace.

Lisozimas são enzimas que fazem parte do mecanismo de defesa contra bactérias, no entanto lisozimas com função digestiva também são encontradas no trato digestivo de vertebrados e no intestino médio de insetos. As lisozimas digestivas de insetos são do tipo c e assim compartilham semelhanças estruturais e mecanísticas com a lisozima da clara de ovo de galinha (HEWL). Entretanto, para desempenhar sua função digestiva, as lisozimas de insetos apresentam algumas propriedades particulares entre as quais se destaca um pH ótimo mais ácido em relação às lisozimas não-digestivas. Para elucidar as bases moleculares dessa diferença no pH ótimo, duas lisozimas digestivas (lisozima 1 AAQ20048 e lisozima 2 AAQ20047) da larva de Musca domestica (mosca Diptera Cyclorrhapha), clonadas em Pichia pastoris e purificadas, foram caracterizadas estruturalmente e cineticamente com o substrato sintético (MUQ3) e natural (cápsulas de Micrococcus lysodeikticus). Foi observado que o efeito do pH na atividade das lisozimas 1 e 2 sobre o MUQ3 é uma curva com formato de sino e pH ótimo mais ácido que o da HEWL. Essas curvas foram reflexos da diminuição simultânea dos valores de pKas do nucleófilo e do doador de prótons. Estruturas cristalográficas das lisozimas digestivas de Musca domestica foram obtidas a 1,9 Å e análise comparativa com a estrutura terciária da HEWL revelou resíduos de aminoácidos no ambiente do nucleófilo (N46) e do doador de prótons (S106 e T107) que podem estar envolvidos na modulação das constantes de ionização dos resíduos essenciais à catálise. Esses resíduos foram substituídos via mutagênese sítio-dirigida por D, V e A respectivamente e três mutantes simples (N46D, S106V e T107A) e um triplo (N46DS106V- T107A) foram produzidos e purificados. Caracterização revelou que as contribuições individuais da N46, S106 e T107 foram pequenas e próximas do limite de detecção da técnica utilizada. Por outro lado, o conjunto dos 3 aminoácidos foi responsável pelo pH ótimo ácido frente ao substrato sintético, elevando os valores de pKas do nucleófilo e doador de prótons para valores muito semelhantes ao da HEWL. Diferentemente, essa tripla mutação não foi suficiente para elevar o pH ótimo da lisozima 2 sobre cápsulas de Micrococcus lysodeikticus para valores próximos àqueles de HEWL, sugerindo que as bases moleculares do pH ótimo frente ao substrato natural e sintético são diferentes. Uma comparação estrutural entre lisozima 1 e HEWL sugere que os resíduos de aminoácidos carregados na superfície dessas lisozimas sejam importantes para determinação do pH ótimo. A investigação dessa hipótese foi feita substituindo 5 aminoácidos neutros e 1 ácido, via mutagênese sítio-dirigida, por resíduos básicos. A caracterização do mutante sêxtuplo revelou um aumento significativo nos valores de pH ótimo da lisozima 1, indicando que a redução da basicidade da superfície das lisozimas digestivas é determinante para seus pHs ótimos ácidos.
Lysozymes are enzymes that are part of the defence mechanism against bacteria, however lysozymes with digestive function are also found in the digestive tract of vertebrates and in the insect midgut. The digestive lysozymes from insects are c type, so they share similar structural and mechanistic characteristics with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL). However, to perform their digestive function, insect lysozymes present some particular properties among them a more acidic pH optimum than that of non-digestive lysozymes. To elucidate the molecular basis of this pH optimum difference, two digestive lysozymes (lysozyme 1 AAQ20048 and lysozyme 2 AAQ20047) from Musca domestica larvae (housefly Diptera Cyclorrhapha), cloned in Pichia pastoris and purified, were structurally and kinecticly characterized with synthetic (MUQ3) and natural (lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus) substrates. It was observed that the pH effect on the activity of lysozymes 1 and 2 upon MUQ3 is a bell shaped curve exhibiting a more acidic pH optimum than that of HEWL. These curves result from simultaneous decrease of pKas values of the nucleophile and proton donor. Crystallographic structures of these digestive lysozymes from Musca domestica were obtained at 1.9 Å and comparative analysis with the terciary structure of HEWL revealed amino acid residues in the catalytic nucleophile (N46) and proton donor environment (S106 and T107) that may be involved in the modulation of ionization constants of those catalytic residues. N46, S106, and T107 were replaced via site-directed mutagenesis by D, V and A respectively and three simple (N46D, S106V and T107A) and one triple (N46D-S106V-T107A) mutants were produced and purified. Their characterization revealed that the individual contributions of N46, S106 and T107 were small and close to the detection borderline of the technique utilized. On the other hand, a set of these 3 amino acids was responsible by acidic pH optimum upon synthetic substrate, increasing the pKas values of nucleophile and proton donor to similar values to that of the HEWL. Differently, this triple mutation was not enough to increase the pH optimum of lysozyme 2 upon lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus to values close to those of HEWL, suggesting that the molecular bases of pH optimum upon natural and synthetic substrates are different. A structural comparison between lysozyme 1 and HEWL suggests that the charged amino acid residues on the surface of these lysozymes are important for pH optimum determination. The investigation of this hypothesis was done replacing 5 neutral and 1 acidic amino acids, via site-directed mutagenesis, by basic residues. The characterization of this mutant revealed a significant increase in the pH optimum values of lysozyme 1, suggesting that the reduction of basicity on the surface of the digestive lysozymes is a important factor in the determination of their acidic pH optimum.

Dans la formation de nos BTS (Brevet de Technicien Supérieur) destinés à l’industrie, Il est important de disposer d’un référentiel de compétences qui renvoie à des profils de qualification professionnelle détaillant les compétences que les étudiants doivent acquérir. Ce référentiel de compétences doit être en permanence mis à jour pour que l’amélioration en continu soit en adéquation dans les couples formation/emploi et institut de formation professionnelle/entreprise. Ainsi notre proposition est de mettre en œuvre un modèle permettant de mettre à jour régulièrement le Référentiel de Compétence du Centre de Formation Professionnelle et Technique (CFPT). Ce modèle capitalise des connaissances en entreprise industrielle et a pour point focal un Etudiant/Stagiaire (ES) en situation d’apprentissage dans un pool de maintenance industrielle. Durant son séjour en entreprise chaque activité de maintenance effectuée par le stagiaire est exploitée par un ensemble d’experts et transférée dans une base de données. Cette base de données est confrontée avec la base de données de connaissances produites par l’institut de formation. Ainsi les deux bases de données s’enrichissent mutuellement et se mettent à jour pour une amélioration continue du niveau de performance de la formation donnée à l’ES
In the training of our BTS (Industrial Technician's Certificate), it is important to have a competency framework that refers to professional qualification profiles detailing the skills that students must acquire. This competency framework must be constantly updated to ensure a continuous improvement in the training / employment and vocational training / business partners. Our proposal is to implement a knowledge capitalization model whose focus is on the “Etudiant/Stagiaire (ES)” in a learning situation in an industrial maintenance sector. During his/her stay in the company, each maintenance activity carried out by the trainee is assessed by the experts in the maintenance sector and recorded in the database. This database is then cross-checked with the required proficiency outlined in the training institute database. This way, the two databases will mutually enrich and update each other so there is a continuous improvement of the performance level of training given to the ES

Linear programming (LP) stands for an optimization of a linear objective function, subject to linear and non-negativity constraints. For this purpose many methods for LP emerged. The best known is Simplex Method. Another group of methods for LP is represented by Interior Point Methods (IPM). These methods are based on interior points of feasible region of a problem, while Simplex Method uses basic feasible solution of a problem. This thesis focuses on theoretical background of IPM and brings it into relation with algorithms based on IPM. KKT system and its significance are included and the algorithm solving Linear Complementarity Problem is discussed as well. In this thesis, two algorithms based on IPM are introduced and used for solving a sample LP problem.

[EN] The Ph.D. Thesis "Atomic decompositions and frames in Fréchet spaces and their duals" presented here treats different areas of functional analysis with applications. Schauder frames are used to represent an arbitrary element x of a function space E as a series expansion involving a fixed countable set {xj} of elements in that space such that the coefficients of the expansion of x depend in a linear and continuous way on x. Unlike Schauder bases, the expression of an element x in terms of the sequence {xj}, i.e. the reconstruction formula for x, is not necessarily unique. Atomic decompositions or Schauder frames are a less restrictive structure than bases, because a complemented subspace of a Banach space with basis has always a natural Schauder frame, that is obtained from the basis of the superspace. Even when the complemented subspace has a basis, there is not a systematic way to find it. Atomic decompositions appeared in applications to signal processing and sampling theory among other areas. Very recently, Pilipovic and Stoeva [55] studied series expansions in (countable) projective or inductive limits of Banach spaces. In this thesis we begin a systematic study of Schauder frames in locally convex spaces, but our main interest lies in Fréchet spaces and their duals. The main difference with respect to the concept considered in [55] is that our approach does not depend on a fixed representation of the Fréchet space as a projective limit of Banach spaces. The text is divided into two chapters and appendix that gives the notation, definitions and the basic results we will use throughout the thesis. The first one focuses on the relation between the properties of an existing Schauder frame in a Fréchet space E and the structure of the space. In the second chapter frames and Bessel sequences in Fréchet spaces and their duals are defined and studied. In what follows, we give a brief description of the different chapters: In Chapter 1, we study Schauder frames in Fréchet spaces and their duals, as well as perturbation results. We define shrinking and boundedly complete Schauder xviiframes on a locally convex space, study the duality of these two concepts and their relation with the reflexivity of the space. We characterize when an unconditional Schauder frame is shrinking or boundedly complete in terms of properties of the space. Several examples of concrete Schauder frames in function spaces are also presented. Most of the results included in this chapter are published by Bonet, Fernández, Galbis and Ribera in [13]. The second chapter of the thesis is devoted to study ¿-Bessel sequences, ¿-frames and frames with respect to ¿ in the dual of a Hausdorff locally convex space E, in particular for Fréchet spaces and complete (LB)-spaces E, with ¿ a sequence space. We investigate the relation of these concepts with representing systems in the sense of Kadets and Korobeinik [34] and with the Schauder frames, that were investigated in Chapter 1. The abstract results presented here, when applied to concrete spaces of analytic functions, give many examples and consequences about sampling sets and Dirichlet series expansions. We present several abstract results about ¿-frames in complete (LB)-spaces. Finally, many applications, results and examples concerning sufficient sets for weighted Fréchet spaces of holomorphic functions and weakly sufficient sets for weighted (LB)-spaces of holomorphic functions are collected. Most of the results are submitted for publication in a preprint of Bonet, Fernández, Galbis and Ribera in [12].
[ES] La presente memoria "Descomposiciones atómicas y frames en espacios de Fréchet y sus duales" trata diferentes áreas del análisis funcional con aplicaciones. Los frames de Schauder se utilizan para representar un elemento arbitrario x de un espacio de funciones E mediante una serie a partir de un conjunto numerable fijado {xj} de elementos de este espacio de manera que los coeficientes de la reconstrucción de x dependen de forma lineal y continua de x. A diferencia de las bases de Schauder, la expresión de un elemento x en términos de la sucesión {xj}, i.e. la fórmula de reconstrucción para x, no es necesariamente única. Las descomposiciones atómicas o los frames de Schauder son un estructura menos restrictiva que las bases, porque un subespacio complementado de un espacio de Banach con base tiene siempre un frame de Schauder natural, que se obtiene a partir de una base del superespacio. Incluso cuando el subespacio complementado tiene una base, no hay una forma sistemática de encontrarla. Las descomposiciones atómicas aparecen en aplicaciones al procesamiento de señales y la teoría de muestreo, entre otras áreas. Recientemente, Pilipovic y Stoeva [55] han estudiado el desarrollo en serie en límites inductivos y proyectivos (numerables) de espacios de Banach. En esta tesis empezamos un estudio sistemático de los frames de Schauder en espacios localmente convexos aunque nuestro interés principal son los espacios de Fréchet y sus duales. La diferencia principal respecto del concepto considerado en [55] es que nuestra aproximación no depende de una representación fijada del espacio de Fréchet como límite proyectivo de espacios de Banach. El texto queda dividido en dos partes y un apéndice que incluye la notación, las definiciones y los resultados básicos que usaremos a lo largo de la tesis. La primera parte se centra en la relación entre las propiedades de un frame de Schauder en un espacio de Fréchet E y la estructura del espacio. En el segundo capítulo se definen y estudian los frames y las sucesiones de Bessel en espacios de Fréchet y sus duales. A continuación, presentamos una breve descripción de los capítulos: En el Capítulo 1, estudiamos los frames de Schauder en los espacios de Fréchet y sus duales así como los resultados de perturbación. Definimos los frames de Schauder contractivos y acotadamente completos en espacios localmente convexos, estudiamos la dualidad de estos dos conceptos y su relación con la reflexividad del espacio. Caracterizamos cuándo un frame de Schauder incondicional es contractivo o acotadamente completo en términos de las propiedades del espacio. También se presentan varios ejemplos de frames de Schauder en espacios de funciones concretos. La mayoría de los resultados incluidos en este capítulo están publicados por Bonet, Fernández, Galbis y Ribera en [13]. El segundo capítulo de la tesis está centrado en el estudio de las sucesiones de ¿-Bessel, ¿-frames y frames respecto de ¿ en el dual de un espacio localmente convexo de Hausdorff E, en particular, para espacios de Fréchet y espacios (LB) completos E, con ¿ un espacio de sucesiones. Investigamos la relación de estos dos conceptos con los sistemas representantes en el sentido de Kadets y Korobeinik [34] y con los frames de Schauder, considerados en el Capítulo 1. Los resultados abstractos presentados aquí, cuando los aplicamos a espacios de funciones analíticas concretos, nos dan muchos ejemplos y consecuencias sobre los conjuntos de muestreo y los desarrollos en serie de Dirichlet. Presentamos varios resultados abstractos sobre ¿-frames en espacios (LB) completos. Finalmente, recogemos muchas aplicaciones, resultados y ejemplos alrededor de los conjuntos suficientes para espacios de Fréchet de funciones holomorfas y conjuntos débilmente suficientes para espacios pesados (LB) de funciones holomorfas. La mayoría de los resultados incluidos en este capítulo están enviados para publicar e
[CAT] La tesi "Descomposicions atòmiques i frames en espais de Fréchet i els seus duals" presentada ací tracta diferents àrees de l'anàlisi funcional amb aplicacions. Els frames de Schauder s'utilitzen per tal de representar un element arbitrari x d'un espai de funcions E com una reconstrucció en sèrie a partir d'un conjunt numerable fixat {xj} d'elements en aquest espai tal que els coeficients de la reconstrucció de x depenen de forma lineal i continua de x. A diferència de les bases de Schauder, l'expressió d'un element x en termes d'una successió {xj}, i.e. la fórmula de reconstrucció per a x, no és necessàriament única. Les descomposicions atòmiques o els frames de Schauder són una estructura menys restrictiva que les bases, donat que un subespai complementat d'un espai de Banach amb base sempre té un frame de Schauder natural, el qual és obtingut a partir d'una base del superespai. Inclòs quan el subespai complementat disposa de una base, no hi ha una forma sistemàtica per tal de trobar-la. Les descomposicions atòmiques apareixen en aplicacions a processat de senyals i teoría de mostreig entre altres àrees. Recentment, Pilipovic i Stoeva [55] han estudiat els desenvolupaments en sèrie en límits inductius o projectius (numerables) en espais de Banach. En aquesta tesi comencem un estudi sistemàtic dels frames de Schauder en espais localment convexos, tot i que el nostre interés està en els espais de Fréchet i els seus duals. La diferència més important amb el concepte estudiat en [55] és que el nostre estudi no depén de una representació fixada del espai de Fréchet com a límit projectiu de espais de Banach. El text està dividit en dos capítols i un apèndix que ens aporta la notació, definicions i els resultats bàsics que utilitzarem al llarg de la tesi. El primer dels capítols està centrat en la relació entre les propietats de un frame de Schauder en un espai de Fréchet E i la estructura del espai. En el segon capítol es defineixen i estudien els frames i les successions de Bessel en espais de Fréchet i els seus duals. En el que segueix, donem una breu descripció dels diferents capítols: En el Capítol 1, estudiem els frames de Schauder en els espais de Fréchet i els seus duals, així com els resultats de pertorbació. Definim els frames de Schauder contractius i fitadament complets en espais localment convexos, estudiem la dualitat d'aquests dos conceptes i la seua relació amb la reflexivitat del espai. Caracteritzem, en quines situacions, un frame de Schauder incondicional és contractiu o fitadament complet en termes de les propietats del espai. També presentem alguns exemples de frames de Schauder concrets en espais de funcions. La majoria dels resultats inclosos en aquest capítol estan publicats per Bonet, Fernández, Galbis i Ribera en [13]. El segon capítol de la tesi està centrat en el estudi de les successions ¿-Bessel, ¿-frames i frames respecte de ¿ en el dual d'un espai localment convex de Hausdorff E, en particular, per a espais de Fréchet i espais (LB) complets E, amb ¿ un espai de successions. Investiguem la relació d'aquests dos conceptes amb sistemes representants en el sentit de Kadets i Korobeinik [34] i amb els frames de Schauder, que han sigut investigats en el Capítol 1. Els resultats abstractes presentats ací, quan els apliquem a espais de funcions analítiques concrets, ens donen molts exemples i conseqüències sobre els conjunts de mostreig i els desenvolupaments en sèrie de Dirichlet. Presentem diversos resultats abstractes sobre ¿-frames en espais (LB) complets. Finalment, recollim moltes aplicacions, resultats i exemples al voltant dels conjunts suficients per a espais de Fréchet de funcions holomorfes i conjunts dèbilment suficients per a espais pesats (LB) de funcions holomorfes. La majoria dels resultats inclosos en aquest capítol estan sotmesos a publicació per Bonet, Fernández, Galbis i Ribera en [12].
Ribera Puchades, JM. (2015). Atomic decompositions and frames in Fréchet spaces and their duals [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/49987
TESIS

Os Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde (RSS), devido às suas características tóxicas e/ou patogênicas, constituem uma inquietação para a sociedade e para o meio ambiente. Todo gerador deve elaborar um Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde - PGRSS, baseado nas características dos resíduos gerados e nas suas classificações e estabelecendo as diretrizes de manejo dos RSS. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral contribuir com o gerenciamento de resíduos da saúde no município de Palmas mediante a implantação do Manejo correto de Resíduos Sólidos de Saúde, em duas Unidades de Saúde do município. A pesquisa adotou o método qualitativo com desenho de pesquisa do tipo intervenção, onde procurou explorar as causas que condicionam a atual situação do manejo de resíduos de cada unidade, com caráter propositivo. A análise estatística para o efeito da capacitação sobre a implantação do PGRSS foi analisado mediante o teste não paramétrico dos sinais. considerando as duas datas de observação (22/02/2016 – ANTES e 02/06/2016 – DEPOIS). Quando verificado o resultado do teste dos sinais para o caso da implantação do PGRSS para o CEO 704 S, este é muito significativo (pbinomial = 0,0002) e o poder do teste igual a 0,9993. Resultados similares foram encontrados para POLI 108 S (p <0.0001) e poder de 0,9998. O que indica a importância da qualificação dos servidores para a implantação do Programa nas duas unidades trabalhadas. Identificou-se que o manejo dos resíduos das duas unidades não estavam sendo operacionalizado de forma adequada nas diferentes etapas do processo, como, segregação, acondicionamento, identificação, coleta, armazenamento, transporte e disposição final, e que o produto desta pesquisa atendeu o esperado que foi a implantação do PGRSS neste serviço, com índice de conformidade igual ou superior a 85% conforme o estabelecido pelas resoluções vigentes no país, com a finalização do estudo.
Waste Health Service (WSH), due to its toxic and/or pathogenic characteristics, are a concern for society and the environment. Every generator should prepare a Plan of Health Services Waste Management - PGRSS, based on the characteristics of the waste generated and their ratings and establishing the management guidelines of RSS. This work has the general objective to contribute to the health waste management in the city of Palmas by implementing the correct Waste Management Health Solids, in two municipal health units. The research adopted the qualitative method research design intervention type, which sought to explore the causes that determine the current status of each unit of waste management, with propositional character. Statistical analysis for the effect of training on the implementation of PGRSS was analyzed by the nonparametric sign test. considering the two observation dates (02/22/2016 - 06/02/2016 and BEFORE - AFTER). Analyzing the test result signals for the case of PGRSS deployment to the CEO 704 S, this is very significant (pbinomial = 0.0002) and the power of the test equal to 0.9993. Similar results were found for POLI 108 S (p <0.0001) and power 0.9998. This indicates the importance of qualification of servers for the Program implementation in both units worked. It was identified that the management of waste from the two units were not being operated properly in the different stages of the process, as segregation, packaging, identification, collection, storage, transport and disposal, and that the product of this research has met expected which was the implementation of PGRSS this service with line rate equal to or greater than 85% as established by the resolutions in force in the country, with the completion of the study.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
There is a great concern in areas with intensive agricultural use, such as: physical structure of soil, management system, pesticides application schedule and others. Those practices are associated with environmental problems that indirectly affect the life quality as runoff and other nutrients that are carried through it. This trial studied the loss of sediments, phosphorus and total nitrogen through runoff during the cycle of soybean crop, 2007/2008, in a tillage area from Ubiratã, Paraná. The experimental design had sixteen plots with four treatments and four replications, two steepness and a green cover. The treatments were represented by T1 (soybean conventional steepness < 10 %); T2 (transgenic soybean steepness < 10 %); T3 (soybean conventional /slope/steepness > 10 %) and T4 (transgenic soybean steepness > 10 %). During the trial installation, the authors respected the steepness direction. There were eight occurrences of rainfall during the crop cycle. But, the runoff occurred only during the four first ones. The results showed that concentrations varied a lot because of the variability of drained volumes. The behavior of total nitrogen as a parameter got a good correlation with the drained volume. The parameter phosphorus obtained several concentrations despite the drained volume. Volatile solids concentrations were higher than the fixed solids ones. There was no significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) of green cover concerning the obtained results, as well as steepness.
Em áreas com uso intensamente agrícola, a preocupação está em torno de vários aspectos, como: estrutura física do solo, sistema de manejo, planejamento na aplicação de agrotóxicos, dentre outros. Essas práticas estão associadas a problemas ambientais que atingem indiretamente a qualidade de vida como o escoamento superficial e o que é carreado através dele. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a perda de sedimentos, fósforo e nitrogênio total por escoamento superficial durante o ciclo da cultura da soja, 2007/2008, em uma área de plantio direto no município de Ubiratã, Paraná. O experimento consistiu em dezesseis parcelas condicionadas em quatro tratamentos, com quatro repetições, duas declividades e cobertura vegetal. Os tratamentos foram representados por T1 (soja convencional/Declividade < 10%), T2 (soja transgênica/Declividade < 10%), T3 (soja convencional/Declividade > 10%) e T4 (soja transgênica/Declividade >10%). Durante a instalação, respeitou-se o sentido da declividade. E, durante o ciclo da cultura, ocorreram oito precipitações. Porém, o escoamento superficial ocorreu somente nas quatro primeiras precipitações. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as concentrações foram bem variáveis devido à variabilidade dos volumes escoados. O comportamento do parâmetro nitrogênio total obteve boa correlação com o volume escoado. O parâmetro fósforo obteve concentrações variáveis apesar do volume escoado. As concentrações de sólidos voláteis foram superiores as concentrações de sólidos fixos. Estatisticamente, não foi constatado efeito da cobertura nos resultados obtidos, bem como o efeito da declividade.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this work, it is developed a study of the transverse vibrations of a system composed by two parallel strings of equal length, coupled by a viscoelastic element. The frequencies and mode shapes are obtained using modal analysis and a block matrix formulation for the system. The mode shapes are written by the dynamic basis, composed by the solution of a second order problem with impulsive initial conditions, and its first derivative. In the undamped case, different cases of the problem are considered by varying the parameters of the strings. The orthogonality of the mode shapes and the impulse response matrix are used to solve the undamped forced case. In the damped case, it is considered again the matrix formulation and use dynamic basis, and we present an uncoupled problem from simplifications of the system parameters. The damped forced vibrations are studied using the adjoint modal method, from which there is an orthogonality between the mode shapes of the original system and the mode shapes of the adjoint system associated, allowing the uncoupling and solvability of the system. The forced response is determined by using the matrix fundamental response.
Neste trabalho é realizado um estudo sobre as vibrações transversais de um sistema formado por duas cordas paralelas, de mesmo comprimento, acopladas através de um elemento viscoelástico do tipo Winkler. As frequêencias e os modos de vibração são obtidos utilizando-se a análise modal e uma formulação matricial em blocos para o sistema. Os modos de vibração são escritos através da base dinâmica, composta pela solução de um problema de segunda ordem com condições iniciais impulsivas, e sua primeira derivada. No caso não amortecido são considerados diferentes casos para o problema, variando-se os parãmetros das cordas. A ortogonalidade dos modos e a resposta impulso matricial são usadas para resolver o caso forçado sem amortecimento. No caso amortecido, é apresentado um problema desacoplado a partir de simplificações nos parâmetros do sistema. As vibrações forçadas com amortecimento são estudadas usando-se o método modal adjunto, a partir do qual, existe uma ortogonalidade entre os modos de vibração do sistema original e os modos de vibração do sistema adjunto, possibilitando o desacoplamento e resolução do sistema. A resposta forçada é determinada usando a resposta fundamental matricial.

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This work researches on free and forced vibrations of a double beam coupled system. The system is regarded as two Euler-Bernoulli beams which are parallel, have the same length, are simply supported and are connected through a viscoelastic layer. Natural frequencies and their mode shapes, also called eigenfunctions, of the coupled system are obtained through a uniform beam methodology which uses the free dynamical basis to represent the solution of the the modal equation. This study uses modal analysis and block matrix formulation, while the dynamical basis used to represent the modal solution is obtained from the dynamical solution of a fourth order differential equation whose coefficients are just those of the original problem. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the undamped system are determined for several values of beam parameters. For the damped case, damping ratios of each beam and also of the viscoelastic layer (which characterizes the coupling the system) are considered. The forced response is represented using matrix impulse response, which is the solution of an initial value problem with impulsive initial conditions.
Neste trabalho é realizado um estudo sobre vibrações livres e forçadas de um sistema de dupla viga acoplado. O sistema é composto por duas vigas do tipo Euler-Bernoulli, paralelas, de mesmo comprimento, simplesmente apoiadas e conectadas por uma camada viscoelástica. São obtidas as frequências naturais e os modos de vibração ou autofunções do sistema acoplado utilizando uma metodologia para vigas uniformes, que usa a base dinâmica para escrever a solução da equação modal. O estudo é realizado através da análise modal e de uma formulação matricial em blocos, e a base dinâmica usada para escrever a solução da equação modal é gerada pela solução dinâmica de uma equação diferencial de quarta ordem cujos coeficientes são os mesmos do problema considerado. As frequências naturais e os modos de vibração para o sistema não amortecido são determinados para vários valores dos parâmetros da viga. Para o caso amortecido, consideramos o amortecimento individual em cada viga e o amortecimento que compõe a camada viscoelástica o qual caracteriza o acoplamento no sistema. A resposta forçada do sistema é escrita em função da resposta impulso matricial que é solução de um problema de valor inicial com condições iniciais impulsivas.

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According to some concepts of Gilbert Durand (sociocultural topic of the imaginary, semantic basin, mythanalysis, day and night regimes of the imaginary), this doctoral thesis searches for two cultural topics from the religious: the mythology of orixás (African) and the Umbanda (Brazilian). Both considered having the same semantic basins and typified as belonging to the same night regime of the imaginary (however, Umbanda is in a phase of transition of regime). In the imaginary study of several populations, Durand organized the mythological expression in two different regimes: the night and the day regimes. The first is the regime of antithesis, the Manichaeism, the universe divided in opposites (the good versus the evil, darkness versus light), the tormented man, polemic, dual, divided in his psyche and his needs to put in order the chaos. The second is the one that unifies and synthesizes the opposites of the universe, the regime of the integral human and allayed with himself. The great family of the orixás, with its thematic unity, his habitus and the euphemic ideology, it is the example of the night regime. This reveals the ethos of a population psychically allayed with itself that solves all of the existential problems by the oracle of Ifá and the offering of gifts to the orixás that answers the demands for happiness, welfare and fortune. Created by the oral collective tradition, memorized by the balalaôs and repassed generation by generation, the mythology of the orixás is the set of narratives of the orixás, the gods of the iorubá African people. The believers receiving their gods in rituals typified with drum sounds, songs, dancing and parties characterize the mediumistic phenomenon of possession, during the celebrations. This is the tradition that arrived in Brazil with the slaves in the XVI century, syncretized with the Catholicism, as a mechanism to avoid the discrimination that the blacks have suffered from their white lords, therefore, resulting in many celebrations of African matrices, which Candomblé and Umbanda stand out. In the present work, the mythanalysis of orixás shows separately the meaning and significance (the two parts of the linguistic sign and symbolic signs). To this reason, the significance is the sensitive part, figurative, concrete and linked to the imaginary with narratives and their contexts (characters, plot, action, time and space); the meaning is the thematic aspect, abstract with some approaches of interpretation: anthropological, historical, social, psychoanalytical and archetypical. The Umbanda, that was born in this semantic basin, in modern times, in the XX century, is a Brazilian religion, which was raised from the synthesis among these celebrations of African matrices, Catholicism, Kardecism and the native indigenous rites, creating, yet, recent myths according to the Brazilian reality. The Umbanda inherited many traces of the basin-mother and the most remarkable of this religion is the practice of the mediumistic appointments with mediums incorporated by spiritual entities that are similar to the oracles of the orixás, taking care of people in existential difficulties, solving magically all the problems they present. Thus, the discourse of legitimation and social acceptance is set, the Umbanda follows its moral principles; practice the good and the good through charity, like the Christian principles.
Com base em alguns conceitos de Gilbert Durand (tópica sociocultural do imaginário, bacia semântica, mitoanálise, regimes diurno e noturno do imaginário), esta tese de doutorado investiga duas tópicas socioculturais do campo religioso, a mitologia dos orixás (africana) e a Umbanda (brasileira), ambas consideradas como bacias semânticas e tipificadas como pertencentes ao regime noturno do imaginário (estando, porém, a Umbanda em fase de transição de regime). No estudo do imaginário de diversos povos, Durand organizou a expressão mitológica em dois regimes diferentes, o regime diurno e o regime noturno, sendo o primeiro o regime das antíteses, do maniqueísmo, do universo dividido em opostos (bem versus mal, trevas versus luz), do homem atormentado, polêmico, dual, dividido em seu psiquismo e que precisa colocar ordem no caos; e o segundo aquele que unifica e sintetiza os opostos do universo, o regime do homem uno e apaziguado consigo mesmo. A grande família dos orixás, com sua unidade temática, seu habitus e ideologia eufemizante, é exemplo do regime noturno, revelando o ethos de um povo psiquicamente apaziguado consigo mesmo, que resolve todos os seus problemas existenciais por meio do oráculo de Ifá mediante oferendas aos orixás, que atendem sempre aos pedidos por felicidade, bem-estar e fortuna. Fruto de criação coletiva oral, memorizada pelos babalaôs e repassada de geração a geração, a mitologia dos orixás é o conjunto das narrativas sobre os orixás, os deuses do povo africano iorubá. Pelo fenômeno mediúnico da possessão, nos cultos os fiéis recebem seus deuses em rituais marcados com sons de tambores, músicas, danças e festas, tradição que chegou ao Brasil com os escravos a partir do século XVI, sincretizando- se com o Catolicismo, como mecanismo para se evitar a discriminação que os negros sofriam dos seus senhores brancos, e dando origem a diversos cultos de matriz africana, dos quais se destacam hoje o Candomblé e a Umbanda. Em nosso trabalho, a mitoanálise dos orixás vem com exposição separada em significante e significado (as duas partes componentes do signo linguístico e dos signos simbólicos), sendo o significante a parte sensível, figurativa, concreta e imagética, com as narrativas e seus contextos (personagens, enredo, ação, tempo, espaço); já o significado é o aspecto temático, abstrato, com algumas abordagens de interpretação: antropológica, histórica, social, psicanalítica e arquetípica. Filha dessa bacia semântica, a Umbanda, religião brasileira, nascida já em tempos modernos, no século XX, é fruto da síntese entre esses cultos de matriz africana, Catolicismo, Kardecismo e ritos indígenas nativos, criando ainda mitos recentes de acordo com a realidade brasileira. A Umbanda herdou muitos dos traços da bacia-mãe, sendo o mais marcante a prática de consultas em sessões mediúnicas, com médiuns incorporados por entidades espirituais, que, à semelhança dos oráculos dos orixás, atendem as pessoas em suas dificuldades existenciais, resolvendo magicamente todos os problemas que se apresentem. Assim, constituindo um discurso de legitimação e aceitação social, a Umbanda segue princípios morais, pratica o bem e faz caridade, como indicam os preceitos cristãos, sendo essa a sua feição atual.

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The experiments of competing cultivars carried out by Epagri have shown differences in grain yield among the three main paddy rice production regions of Santa Catarina Sate: High Itajai Valley, Low Itajaí Valley/North Coast and South Coast. Consistently, grain yield has been higher in High Itajai Valley than in the other production regions. This work was conducted aiming to evaluate agronomic traits that are correlated with paddy rice productivity at two regions of Santa Catarina State, identifying ecological, morphological and physiological characteristics that help to explain grain yield differences between production regions. Two experiments were set in Pouso Redondo (representing High Itajai Valley) and Itajai (representing the North Coast). At each site, five genotypes were assessed: the cultivars Epagri 106 and Epagri 108 and the experimental lines SC471, SC 536 and SC 637. A randomized block design with four replications was used. Each plot was 15m long and 4m wide. Rice sowing was performed with pre-germinated seeds on 10/06/2010 and 10/13/2010 in Itajai and Pouso Redondo, respectively. A sowing density of 400 seeds m-2 was used. Number of green and senesced leaves, number of tillers and foliar disease incidence were evaluated at tillering. Main stem leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll and N content and plant height were also assessed at flowering. Grain yield and its yield components were determined after harvesting. Climatic data related to air temperature, solar radiation and air relative humidity were collected at weather experimental stations located close to the two experimental sites. Results were submitted to variance analysis through the F test. Significant means were compared by the Duncan s test (P<0.05). Average grain yield was 18% higher in Pouso Redondo than in Itajai. The main yield component responsible for differences in grain yield between experimental sites was the number of grains per panicle. The higher main stem leaf area, the greater chlorophyll and nitrogen contend of flag leaf and the lower incidence of foliar diseases at flowering were traits that contributed to the larger values of grain yield in Pouso Redondo. The greater solar radiation availability, the lower average air temperatures and the smaller air relative humidity at the crop reproductive stage were environmental factors that favored high grain yield in the High Itajai Valley of Santa Catarina
Os experimentos de competição de cultivares conduzidos pela Epagri têm demonstrado diferenças significativas nas produtividades obtidas nas três principais macro regiões orizícolas do estado de Santa Catarina: Alto Vale do Itajaí, Baixo Vale/Litoral Norte e região Sul. Consistentemente, os rendimentos de grãos têm sido mais altos no Alto Vale do Itajaí do que nas demais regiões produtoras. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as características agronômicas que se correlacionam com a produtividade do arroz irrigado em duas regiões de Santa Catarina, identificando as bases ecológicas, morfológicas e fisiológicas para as diferenças de produtividade. Dois experimentos foram implantados nos municípios de Pouso Redondo (Alto Vale do Itajaí) e Itajaí (Litoral Norte). Em cada local cinco genótipos foram avaliados: as cultivares Epagri 108 e Epagri 106 e as linhagens SC 471, SC 536 e SC 637. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída de 15 m de comprimento e 4 m de largura. A semeadura foi feita com sementes pré-germinadas, nos dias 6 de outubro de 2010 em Pouso Redondo e 13 de outubro de 2010 em Itajaí. A densidade de semeadura foi de 400 sementes aptas por metro quadrado. Avaliaram-se o número de folhas verdes e senescidas, número de perfilhos e incidência de doenças nas fases de perfilhamento e florescimento. Na fase de florescimento avaliaram-se também a área foliar do colmo principal, teor de clorofila e de nitrogênio da folha bandeira e estatura de planta. Após a colheita determinaram-se o rendimento de grãos e os componentes do rendimento. As informações climáticas referentes à temperatura, radiação solar e umidade relativa do ar foram coletadas utilizando-se estações meteorológicas localizadas próximas aos locais experimentais. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan (P<0,05). A produtividade média do arroz irrigado em Pouso Redondo foi 18% maior do que em Itajaí. O principal componente do rendimento responsável pelas diferenças de produtividade registradas entre locais foi o número de grãos produzidos por panícula. A maior área foliar do colmo principal, o maior teor de N e de clorofila da folha bandeira e a menor incidência de doenças na floração foram características que contribuíram para o maior rendimento de grãos do arroz em Pouso Redondo. A maior disponibilidade de radiação, as menores temperaturas médias na fase reprodutiva e a menor umidade relativa do ar foram fatores ambientais que contribuíram para a obtenção rendimentos de grãos elevados no Alto Vale do Itajaí

O presente estudo pretendeu investigar como o Ministério Público estava atuando judicial e extrajudicialmente para efetivar o direito à educação básica. Para tanto, foram selecionadas duas Promotorias de Justiça da Infância e Juventude, de cidades do interior de São Paulo: Rio Claro e Ribeirão Preto. Considerando que as alterações no financiamento da educação, com a Emenda Constitucional nº 14, de 1996, e a introdução do Fundef, provocaram impactos nos sistemas educacionais, com conseqüências para a garantia do direito à educação básica, a pesquisa abrangeu o período de 1997 a 2004. Nas referências teóricas de apoio, buscou-se verificar como o direito à educação estava formulado em nossa legislação e na literatura sobre o tema, e como o Ministério Público, de acordo com as suas atribuições legais, pode colaborar na garantia desse direito. Tendo em vista os objetivos da pesquisa, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa, recorrendo-se à análise documental dos procedimentos extrajudiciais, das ações judiciais e de outros documentos formulados pelas referidas Promotorias, visando ao cumprimento do direito à educação; fez-se uso, ainda, de entrevistas com os Promotores de Justiça da Infância e Juventude e com o Assistente Técnico de Ribeirão Preto. Este estudo, a partir da análise da atuação das duas Promotorias de Justiça investigadas, aponta as possibilidades de ações do Ministério Público. É o caso da cobrança junto ao poder público para o acesso da população à educação infantil, ao mesmo tempo em que mostra a importância da prática de diálogo e de trabalho em conjunto com a sociedade civil organizada. Indica, no entanto, alguns limites dessa instituição, como por exemplo, a dificuldade da exigibilidade de demandas relacionadas com a qualidade da educação, a atuação mais ativa vinculada ao perfil do Promotor de Justiça e a possível influência das condições efetivas de trabalho na atuação dos membros do Ministério Público, para que a educação seja efetivada com qualidade para todos.
The present study intended to investigate how the Public Prosecution Service was acting judicially and extrajudicially to accomplish the right to the basic education. For this, two Infancy and Youth Public prosecutor?s office of Justice from the municipalities of São Paulo had been selected: Rio Claro and Ribeirão Preto. Considering that the alterations in the education financing, with the Constitutional Emendation nº 14 from 1996 and the introduction of ?Fundef?, have provoked impacts in the educational systems, with consequences for the guarantee of the right to the basic education, the research enclosed the period from 1997 to 2004. It was verified in the theoretical references of support how the right to education was formulated in our legislation and literature about the subject and how the Public Prosecution Service can act to guarantee of this right in accordance with its legal attributions. The qualitative approach was used considering the objectives of the research, making use of the extrajudicial procedures documentary analysis, legal actions and other formulated documents by the referred Public prosecutor?s office of Justice, aiming the accomplishment of the right to education. Interviews with Prosecutors of Infancy and Youth and with the assistant appraiser from Ribeirão Preto were also used. This study, from the analysis of the performance of the two investigated Public prosecutor?s office of Justice, shows the possibilities of actions of the Public Prosecution Service. It?s the case of charging the public power for the population?s access to Early Childhood education the and, at the same time when it shows the importance of dialogue and of working as a team with the organized civil society. It shows, however, some limits of this institution, as for example, the difficulty to demand judicially the quality of education, the more active action linked to the prosecutor?s profile and the possible influence of the effective working conditions in the Public Prosecution Service members? performance, so that education may be accomplished with quality for everybody.

Com o presente trabalho pretendemos compreender eventuais relações entre a posição de uma escola no ranking dos exames nacionais do 9.º ano do ensino básico e a qualidade do serviço educativo prestado. O estudo decorreu em dois agrupamentos de escolas com posições diferenciadas nas listas de ordenação (rankings) publicadas no ano de 2013. Recolhemos informação através de entrevista aos diretores dos órgãos de gestão, análise documental e inquérito por questionário. Adotámos metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa cujos dados foram triangulados e analisados à luz do quadro teórico. A posição bastante diferenciada entre os dois agrupamentos no ranking (249.º e 848.º, respetivamente) não parece estar relacionado com a prestação do serviço educativo, para além de a classificação ser a mesma nos relatórios de avaliação externa, as diferenças identificadas através dos questionários e das entrevistas são pontuais e pouco relevantes reforçando que efetivamente a posição no ranking diz muito pouco sobre o trabalho realizado nas escolas, sobre as suas dinâmicas e lógicas de ação; Abstract: Ranking and educational quality. An (un)likely relationship? A study in two public schools With this study we aim to understand possible links between the ranking position of two different school based on the 9th grade’s national exams results and the quality of educational services provided. The study took place in two groups of schools with different ranking positions published in 2013. We collect information through interviews to the directors of the management bodies, document analysis and questionnaire survey. We adopted qualitative and quantitative methodology and data were triangulated and analyzed in the light of the theoretical framework. The rather unique position between the two groups in the rankings (249 and 848, respectively) does not seem to be related to the provision of educational services, as well as the classification is the same in the external evaluation reports, the differences identified by questionnaires and interviews are timely and very relevant stressing that effectively ranking position says very little about the work done in schools, on its dynamics and logics of action.

Os problemas ambientais gerados pelo crescimento urbano acelerado nos últimos 50 anos tem trazido graves conseqüências para o conjunto da população residente nos grandes centros urbanos. Por este motivo muitos cientistas, especialmente na área de ciências da Terra, têm buscado o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas, metodologias e parâmetros para dimensionar, reconhecer e reverter e/ou atenuar os efeitos destes processos de degradação. O objetivo central deste trabalho é reconhecer e dimensionar, por meio de leituras geomorfológicas, a expansão urbana como uma modalidade de intervenção antrópica capaz de modificar processos geomorfológicos e imprimir uma nova morfodinâmica em sistemas físicos afetados. Através deste objetivo central buscou-se aplicar e testar metodologias e parâmetros propostos pela geomorfologia antrópica no contexto de um país em desenvolvimento localizado no domínio climático tropical úmido. Segundo RODRIGUES (1997a) por meio da utilização das ferramentas da geomorfologia, é possível desenvolver propostas metodológicas específicas que inserem a ação antrópica como agente modificador de sistemas da superfície terrestre, tal como em TOY & HADLEY (1987); DOUGLAS (1983); TRICART (1977); TRICART & KILLIAN (1979); NIR (1983); DOUGLAS (1983); HART (1986); VERSTTAPEN (1983); GUPTA (1999a) e COLTRINARI (2001). Nesta pesquisa, uma parte deste referencial metodológico foi aplicado, como a antropogeomorfologia NIR (1983), a cartografia geomorfológica RODRIGUES (1997a); LIMA (1990) e os Geoindicadores COLTRINARI (2001); GUPTA, (1999b) para avaliar e comparar quantitativamente e qualitativamente as mudanças geomorfológicas (formas, processos e materiais) observadas na interface flúvio-lacustre (remansos) de duas Bacias Hidrográficas, uma com quase toda a área em estágio avançado de urbanização e outra com a maior parte de sua área sem perturbação antrópica. A comparação entre os resultados encontrados em cada Bacia Hidrográfica possibilitou acompanhar as mudanças promovidas pela urbanização durante o período estudado. As áreas escolhidas como objeto de estudo são duas sub-bacias hidrográficas inseridas no manancial da Represa Guarapiranga, localizadas na Zona Sul do município de São Paulo. Essa seleção deu-se principalmente em função das características morfológicas e morfométricas semelhantes de sub-bacias hidrográficas e em função da dinâmica diferenciada do processo de urbanização em cada uma delas. Por outro lado, a importância da represa no contexto metropolitano proporcionou uma geração contínua de dados ao longo de todo o séc. XX que ainda se encontram disponíveis para consulta, tais como: fotografias aéreas, mapas, sondagens, dados de operação, entre outros. As mudanças espaciais GREGORY (1992) ocorridas ao longo da história da represa e entorno imediato foram analisadas por meio da produção cartográfica em escala de detalhe (1:5.000) para os anos de 1932, 1962, 1972, 1986, 1994 e 2000 nos remansos selecionados para a avaliação dos processos morfodinâmicos gerados pela urbanização após a construção da barragem do reservatório em 1906. Os resultados encontrados foram de caráter quantitativo: área colmatada nos remansos selecionados e evolução do uso da terra nas bacias hidrográficas, qualitativos: mudanças espaciais na morfologia e nos canais fluviais promovidos pela urbanização, e analíticos, através do emprego e análise de novas metodologias que vêm enriquecer as possibilidades de aplicação da geografia física
The environmental problems created by the accelerated urban growth in the last fifty years have brought severe consequences to the group of people living in big urban centers. For this reason many scientists, mainly in the field of Earth sciences, have searched the development of new techniques, methodologies and parameters to measure, recognize and attenuate the effects of these processes. The central objective of this work is to recognize and measure, through a geomorphological reading, the urban expansion as a kind of human intervention that is able to modify geomorphological processes and bring new morphodynamics to affected physical systems. Through this central objective the application and test of methodologies and parameters, proposed by the anthropogeomorphology for the context of a developing country located in the humid tropical climatic domain, was tried. According to RODRIGUES (1997a), by using the tools of the geomorphology it is possible to develop specific methodological proposals that insert the human action as a modifier agent of the systems of the Earth surface, as in TOY & HADLEY (1987); DOUGLAS (1983); TRICART (1977); TRICART & KILLIAN (1979); NIR (1983); DOUGLAS (1983); HART (1986); VERSTTAPEN (1983); GUPTA (1999a) and COLTRINARI (2001). In this research part of this methodological reference was applied, such as the Anthropogeomorphology NIR (1983), the Geomorphological Cartography RODRIGUES (1997a); LIMA (1990) and the Geoindicators COLTRINARI (2001); GUPTA (1999b) to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the geomorphological changes (shape, processes and materials) observed in the backwater of two drainage basins, one with almost all the area in an advanced stage of urbanization, and another with the greatest part of its area without human interference. The comparison between the results found in each drainage basin enabled the follow-up of the changes generated by the urbanization during the studied period. The areas chosen as object of study are the two drainage basins that are in the source of Guarapiranga dam, located in the south zone of Sao Paulo. This selection was made mainly because of the similar morphological characteristics of the drainage basins, and because of the distinguished dynamic of the process of urbanization in each of them. On the other hand, their importance in the metropolitan context provided a continuous generation of data along the entire 20th century. These data are available for consultation as: air photographs, maps, exploration studies, operation data, among other things. The spatial changes GREGORY (1992) occurred along the history of this dam and outskirts were analyzed through the cartographic production in detail scale (1: 5.000) for the years 1932, 1962, 1986, 1994 and 2000, in the selected backwaters for the evaluation of the morphodynamic processes generated by the urbanization after the construction of the dam in 1906. The quantitative character results found were: silting areas in the selected backwaters and evolution of soil use; the qualitative character results were: spatial changes in the morphology and in the fluvial channels generated by the urbanization, and analytical through the use and analysis of new methodologies which enhance the possibilities of the application of the physics geography

Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a influência da heterogeneidade espaçotemporal, em diferentes escalas, sobre a distribuição de comunidades de macroalgas em uma área localizada na região centro-sul do estado do Paraná. Para ambos os estudos (espacial e temporal) seguiram-se os mesmos procedimentos amostrais. As escalas espaciais avaliadas foram: bacia de drenagem (Rio das Pedras e Rio Marrecas), mesohábitat (remanso e corredeira) e microhábitat (unidades amostrais com área de 0,05 m2), além dos níveis de sombreamento (aberto e sombreado). As amostragens foram realizadas em locais que apresentavam visível crescimento de algas. Um número igual de unidades amostrais "sem alga" também foi aleatoriamente avaliado. Dentro de cada unidade amostral foram avaliados os parâmetros bióticos (riqueza e abundância de espécies) e as variáveis ambientais locais (irradiância, velocidade da correnteza, profundidade, riqueza e diversidade do substrato). Em adição, para cada riacho, foram tomadas medidas das seguintes variáveis ambientais regionais: temperatura da água, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, pH e turbidez. No estudo espacial, um total de dez riachos foram avaliados por bacia de drenagem, sendo identificados 29 táxons. As diferenças entre as escalas espaciais estiveram muito mais relacionadas com características particulares de cada grupo (divisão e tipo morfológico) do que propriamente com a composição das espécies. A única distinção observada na estrutura das comunidades esteve relacionada com os diferentes níveis de sombreamento, o que evidencia a importância do regime de luz como fator determinante na distribuição espacial destes organismos. Em adição, a velocidade da correnteza também foi importante neste aspecto, já que maior desenvolvimento algal foi observada nestes ambientes. Em síntese, as características locais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the influence of spatial and temporal heterogeneity at different scales, the distribution of macroalgal communities in an area located in the mid-southern of Parana state. For both studies (spatial and temporal) followed the same sampling procediments. The spatial scales evaluated were: drainage basin (Pedras river and Marrecas river), mesohabitat (riffles and pools) and microhabitat (sampling units an area of 0,05 m2), beyond to shading levels (open and shaded). The sampling units were positioned in places that hat visible growth of algae. A same number of sample units "without algae" also were randomly evaluated. Within each sampling unit were evaluated biotic parameters (richness and abundance of species) and the local variables (irradiance, current velocity, depth, richness and diversity of substrate). In addition, for each stream were taken of the following regional variables: water temperature, oxygen saturation, specific conductance, pH and turbidity. In the spatial study, a total of ten streams were evaluated by drainage basin, being identified 29 taxa. The differences between the spatial scales were more related to particular characteristics of each group (division and morphological type) than properly with the species composition. The only difference observed in community structure was related to the different levels of shading, which shows the importance of light as a determining factor in the spatial distribution of these organisms. In addition, the current velocity was also important in this aspect, as greater algal development was observed in these environments. In summary, the local characteristics had the greatest influence that the regional variables in the spatial distribution of macroalgal communities evaluated. For the temporal study, one stream was monthly evaluated in each drainage basin. A total of 16 taxa were identified. Although... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Ciro César Zanini Branco
Coorientador: Orlando Necchi Júnior
Banca: Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo
Banca: Denise de Campos Bicudo
Banca: Andrea Tucci
Banca: Carla Ferragut
Doutor

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a influência da heterogeneidade espaçotemporal, em diferentes escalas, sobre a distribuição de comunidades de macroalgas em uma área localizada na região centro-sul do estado do Paraná. Para ambos os estudos (espacial e temporal) seguiram-se os mesmos procedimentos amostrais. As escalas espaciais avaliadas foram: bacia de drenagem (Rio das Pedras e Rio Marrecas), mesohábitat (remanso e corredeira) e microhábitat (unidades amostrais com área de 0,05 m2), além dos níveis de sombreamento (aberto e sombreado). As amostragens foram realizadas em locais que apresentavam visível crescimento de algas. Um número igual de unidades amostrais “sem alga” também foi aleatoriamente avaliado. Dentro de cada unidade amostral foram avaliados os parâmetros bióticos (riqueza e abundância de espécies) e as variáveis ambientais locais (irradiância, velocidade da correnteza, profundidade, riqueza e diversidade do substrato). Em adição, para cada riacho, foram tomadas medidas das seguintes variáveis ambientais regionais: temperatura da água, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, pH e turbidez. No estudo espacial, um total de dez riachos foram avaliados por bacia de drenagem, sendo identificados 29 táxons. As diferenças entre as escalas espaciais estiveram muito mais relacionadas com características particulares de cada grupo (divisão e tipo morfológico) do que propriamente com a composição das espécies. A única distinção observada na estrutura das comunidades esteve relacionada com os diferentes níveis de sombreamento, o que evidencia a importância do regime de luz como fator determinante na distribuição espacial destes organismos. Em adição, a velocidade da correnteza também foi importante neste aspecto, já que maior desenvolvimento algal foi observada nestes ambientes. Em síntese, as características locais...
This study aimed to analyze the influence of spatial and temporal heterogeneity at different scales, the distribution of macroalgal communities in an area located in the mid-southern of Parana state. For both studies (spatial and temporal) followed the same sampling procediments. The spatial scales evaluated were: drainage basin (Pedras river and Marrecas river), mesohabitat (riffles and pools) and microhabitat (sampling units an area of 0,05 m2), beyond to shading levels (open and shaded). The sampling units were positioned in places that hat visible growth of algae. A same number of sample units “without algae” also were randomly evaluated. Within each sampling unit were evaluated biotic parameters (richness and abundance of species) and the local variables (irradiance, current velocity, depth, richness and diversity of substrate). In addition, for each stream were taken of the following regional variables: water temperature, oxygen saturation, specific conductance, pH and turbidity. In the spatial study, a total of ten streams were evaluated by drainage basin, being identified 29 taxa. The differences between the spatial scales were more related to particular characteristics of each group (division and morphological type) than properly with the species composition. The only difference observed in community structure was related to the different levels of shading, which shows the importance of light as a determining factor in the spatial distribution of these organisms. In addition, the current velocity was also important in this aspect, as greater algal development was observed in these environments. In summary, the local characteristics had the greatest influence that the regional variables in the spatial distribution of macroalgal communities evaluated. For the temporal study, one stream was monthly evaluated in each drainage basin. A total of 16 taxa were identified. Although... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O rio do Peixe, um dos principais afluentes do rio Tietê (Reservatório de Barra Bonita/Hidrovia Tietê Paraná), juntamente com seus formadores (microrregião geográfica de Botucatu - SP) constituem os principais mananciais das cidades que se localizam em suas bacias. A maior parte da bacia hidrográfica do rio do Peixe desenvolve-se sob rochas sedimentares arenosas, favoráveis às atividades de extração de areia, fato que aliado ao manejo incorreto do solo favorece a ocorrência de processos erosivos. Foram realizadas amostragens de água durante dez dias consecutivos e de sedimento durante três dias alternados, em dois períodos hidrológicos (seca e chuva), para a determinação de variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas,com o objetivo principal de caracterizar do ponto de vista limnológico esse rio e sua foz. As análises das diferentes variáveis seguiram os métodos que são utilizados rotineiramente no Laboratório de Limnologia do CRHEA/EESC/USP. As águas do rio do Peixe apresentaram, principalmente altas concentrações de sólidos em suspensão. Os maiores valores de turbidez, condutividade, alcalinidade, HCO3-, CO3-, nitrito, nitrogênio amoniacal, nitrogênio Kjedhal, fosfato inorgânico, carbono orgânico e sólidos em suspensão foram obtidos durante o período de chuvas, influenciados principalmente pelo escoamento superficial que promove o carreamento de materiais da bacia hidrográfica. Foi possível ainda através das características limnológicas, agrupar as estações de amostragem ao longo do contínuo do rio em três regiões (alto, médio e baixo curso), e diferenciar do ponto de vista trófico as estações da foz com o rio Tietê. Um aumento da biomassa fitoplanctônica, no período de seca, no baixo curso do rio do Peixe foi favorecido pela menor vazão na barragem de Barra Bonita.
Peixe river, one of the main Tietê river\'s tributaries (Barra Bonita Reservoir/ Hydrovia Tietê Paraná), connected to its formers (geographic micro region of Botucatu- SP) are the main water sources to the cities located in their basins. Most of the Peixe river hydrographic basin runs through sandy sedimentary rocks, propitious to sand extraction activity. This fact, allied to improper use of the soil, lead to erosive processes occurrence. In the present work, water and sediment samples (dry and raining season) were taken during ten consecutive days and three alternate days, respectively. Physical, chemical and biological analyses were determined to characterize, under the limnological point of view, this river and its mouth; all these analysis were made following the methodology used in the Limnology Laboratory of CRHEA/EESC/USP. Peixe River waters showed high concentrations of suspended solids. The higher values of turbidity, conductivity, alcalinity, HCO3-, CO32-, nitrite, ammonium, Kjeldahl nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, organic carbon and suspended solids were obtained during the raining season, influenced by the surface water running that causes an input of material from the hydrographic basin. It was possible, by using the limnological characteristics, to duster the sampling stations throughout the river continuum in three regions: high, medium and low course, setting them apart from the Tietê\'s mouth sampling stations in account of distinct trophic state. Phytoplankton biomass increased during the dry season, in the low course of Peixe river, due to the lower flow towards Barra Bonita reservoir.

La dégradation de la qualité de l'eau, la variabilité climatique et la croissance démographique font partie des facteurs limitant la disponibilité de l'eau dans les régions semi-arides de Katari et de Lago Menor (6,350 Km2), entraînant une exploitation croissante des ressources en eaux souterraines. Cette thèse a pour but de conceptualiser le système d'écoulement souterrain à grande échelle et de détecter les sources de contamination par les nitrates dans les régions de Katari et Lago Menor.Dans cette étude, on a utilisé une approche multidisciplinaire comprenant un inventaire régional des sources d’eaux souterraines et des mesures du niveau piézométrique, des techniques d’investigation géophysique (sondages électromagnétiques à domaine temporel TDEM), la construction et l’installation de piézomètres, l’analyse chimique des ions majeurs et les isotopes de 15N-NO3 et de 18O-NO3.Les résultats ont permis d'identifier les limites de deux contextes géologiques différents (le sous-système du Piémont et la plaine lacustre), la géométrie du milieu géologique poreux du Quaternaire et les limites inférieures de l'aquifère. L’analyse régionale montre que les flux souterrains suivent le modèle classique d’écoulement basé sur la gravité. Six sous-domaines ont été identifiés possédant des propriétés hydrauliques différentes. Une grande partie de l'aquifère présente un comportement non confiné, en particulier sur le Piémont, alors qu'il reste confiné dans les zones de plaine. L'épaisseur de la portion non confinée varie de 50 à 150 mètres. Les valeurs de conductivité hydraulique pour la portion non confinée vont de 1.1E-4 à 5.0E-6 m/sec, le rendement spécifique de 0,16 à 0,20 et les valeurs de recharge vont de 118 à 382 mm/year. Tandis que pour la partie confinée, les valeurs de transmissivité se situent autour de 6.0 E-6 m2/sec avec une valeur de stockage de 1.2E-2 à 6.0E-3.En particulier, dans les hautes régions du Piémont où se trouvent les fortes pressions hydrauliques, les compositions minérales, chimiques et isotopiques montrent que la source d'eau souterraine est de bonne qualité. En revanche, dans la partie inférieure du Piémont, les nappes phréatiques moins profondes de la séquence alluvial-fluvioglaciaire-lacustre rendent cette zone plus vulnérable à la contamination. En fait, le faciès chimique et la composition isotopique du NO3 dissous ont révélé que l'origine principale de cet anion est liée aux engrais azotés vers le nord-ouest du Piémont et aux déchets humaines / animales vers le SE. De plus, les processus naturels d'atténuation du nitrate se produisent principalement dans le secteur inférieur du Piémont, lorsque les eaux souterraines se mélangent au réservoir d'origine lacustre.En revanche, les eaux souterraines s'écoulant dans les plaines présentent principalement des faciès de Na (K) -Cl mettant en évidence la présence d'évaporites. Dans cette zone, les eaux souterraines sont sujettes à la contamination, en particulier lorsque la couche d'argile est absente et dans les endroits où une connexion au Piémont est mise en évidence (canaux souterrains). La contribution des eaux souterraines au lac Titicaca actuel (baie de Cohana) semble être retardée en raison de la présence de la couche d'argile.Ce modèle conceptuel d'écoulement des eaux souterraines permet une bonne compréhension du fonctionnement de l’aquifère et fournit un guide pour la collecte future de données afin d'améliorer la robustesse d’une future modélisation numérique des flux d’eau souterrains. Toutes les informations scientifiques issues de cette recherche ont été rassemblées dans une base de données spatiales SIG pour aider les décideurs à gérer et à protéger les ressources en eaux souterraines. Ces informations scientifiques contribuent également à l'assainissement de l'environnement du lac Titicaca, une priorité nationale de l'État plurinational de Bolivie
Water quality degradation, climate variability and population growth are among the factors that constrains water availability in the semi-arid Katari and Lago Menor region (6,350 Km^2), leading to an increasingly exploitation of groundwater resources. This thesis aims to conceptualize subsurface flow and trace nitrate contamination sources in the groundwater system within the Katari and Lago Menor Region.A multidisciplinary approach for field investigation was used in this study, including a regional groundwater source inventory and groundwater level measurements, geophysical investigation techniques (e.g. TDEM-Time Domain ElectroMagnetic soundings), piezometer construction and installation, and a regional sampling campaign and analysis for major ion chemistry and dual isotopes of 15N-NO3 and 18O-NO3.The results allowed identifying the limits of two different geological settings (Piedmont subsystem and Lacustrine plain), the geometry of the Quaternary porous geologic media and the bottom boundaries of the aquifer.The groundwater flow regime corresponds to a classical gravity-driven regional flow system. Six subdomains possessing different hydraulic properties were identified. A large portion of the aquifer presents an unconfined behaviour, particularly on the Piedmont, whereas it remains confined in the plain areas. The thickness of the unconfined portion varies from 50 to 150 meters. Values of hydraulic conductivity for the unconfined portion range from 1.1E-04 to 5.9E-08 m/sec, specific yield ranges from 0.16 to 0.20 and recharge values range from 118 to 382 mm/year. While for the confined part the transmissivity values range around 6.0E-06 m^2/sec with a storavity value of 1.2E-02 to 6.0E-03.In the high Piedmont areas where the hydraulic heads are high, the low mineralization and the chemical and isotopic compositions showed that the groundwater source is of good quality. In contrast, in the lower sector of the Piedmont, the shallower water tables of the alluvial-fluvioglacial-lacustrine sequence, make this area more vulnerable to contamination. Chemical facies and the isotopic composition of the dissolved NO3 revealed that the main origin of this anion is related to nitrogen fertilizers towards the NW of the Piedmont and human/animal waste towards the SE. Moreover, natural nitrate attenuation processes occur mainly in the lower sector of the Piedmont, when groundwater mixes with the reservoir of lacustrine origin. Groundwater flowing in the plain areas, present primarily Na(K)-Cl facies relating the presence of evaporites. In this area groundwater is prone to contamination, especially when the clay layer is absent and in places where a connection to the Piedmont is evidenced (subterranean channels). The contribution of groundwater to the current Lake Titicaca (Cohana Bay) appears to be retarded due to the presence of the clay layer.This basin-scale conceptual groundwater flow model provides a good understanding of the aquifer functioning, and a guide to future data collection, in order to improve the robustness of future groundwater flow numerical modeling. All the science-based information generated from this research was arranged into a GIS spatial database to support decision makers in the management and protection of groundwater resources. This science-based information also contributes to the environmental remediation of Lake Titicaca, a national priority for the Plurinational State of Bolivia

Muitos foram são os fatores que justificaram a realização desta pesquisa sobre a relação professor-escola-família na educação da criança de 4 a 6 anos de idade, dentre eles, as constantes mudanças históricas, sociais, econômicas e culturais vivenciadas pelas duas instituições (escola e família) na atualidade. Quanto aos objetivos este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo geral: pesquisar sobre a relação professor-escola-família na educação da criança de 4 a 6 anos na instituição de ensino. Já, os objetivos específicos buscaram: investigar como os professores, as famílias e a equipe técnica (direção e coordenação) concebem a relação entre si; e verificar quais são as estratégias utilizadas pela escola a fim de viabilizar a participação das famílias e dos professores na educação da criança de 4 a 6 anos. O estudo em questão trata-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica, do tipo estudo de casos, que realizou-se em duas escolas, uma pública e uma privada, localizadas na região central da cidade de Londrina, Paraná. Nessas escolas, foram selecionados dois grupos de crianças, na faixa etária de 4 a 6 anos de idade, suas respectivas famílias e professores, bem como, a direção e coordenação de cada instituição, sendo um grupo da educação infantil e outro do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de nove anos. Quanto à metodologia, a mesma caracteriza-se como quanti-qualitativa, pois, ao se reportar aos dados obtidos por meio de questionários, por exemplo, é conveniente e ético quantificar o levantamento da opinião dos participantes da pesquisa sobre um determinado assunto. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: a) pesquisa documental; b) sessões de observação; c) diários de campo; d) aplicação de questionário aos pais e/ou responsáveis, à direção, à coordenação pedagógica e aos professores dos grupos pesquisados. Quanto à organização do trabalho, o mesmo está disposto em quatro capítulos: 1) Diferentes constituições familiares; 2) A relação escola-família na educação infantil e no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de nove anos; 3) Encaminhamento metodológico; 4) As crianças e os adultos na instituição de ensino: construindo relações: apresentação e discussão dos dados. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram a importância de estudos e discussões sobre a diversidade de arranjos familiares no âmbito escolar; do contato direto dos professores e da equipe técnica (direção e coordenação) com as famílias; da utilização de diferentes instrumentos de comunicação e de diferentes estratégias no trabalho com as famílias; que as lições de casa favorecem a aproximação entre as duas instituições (escola-família); a existência de encontros e desencontros de ideias entre os professores, a escola e as famílias, o que é natural e saudável nas relações humanas, entretanto, uma das escolas mostrou-se mais resistente que as famílias em lidar com tal situação. Evidenciou-se também em um dos casos a baixa, e no outro, a ausência da participação das famílias na elaboração da proposta pedagógica contrapondo-se ao esperado pelas instituições de ensino. Por fim, acredita-se que a temática desta pesquisa poderá trazer contribuições significativas para a educação da criança de 4 a 6 anos, nas escolas de educação infantil e nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental.
Nowadays, many factors justified the work of this research about the relationship among teacher, school and family in the child education with four till six years old and among these factors with the many historical, social, economic and cultural changes, living between the two institutions: school and family. This work of researching had as general objective the relationship among teacher, school and family in child education with four till six years old in the pedagogic institution. The specific objectives look for to investigate how the teachers, the families and the technical pedagogic team (director and coordinator) imagine the relationship among themselves and to check what are the strategies used by the school to check the participation of the families and the teachers in the process of children education with four till six years old. The study in question is based ethnographic research, like a case study, that was realized in two schools, public and private, situated in the central region of Londrina, Paraná. In these schools, were selected two children groups, with four till six years old, theirs respective families and teachers, as so well the director and pedagogic coordinator of each pedagogic institution, been one group from childish education and the other coming from the first year of the basic education of nine years. About the methodology, it makes itself up like quantitative-qualitative form, so, when it reports the conditions obtained from the questionnaires, for example, is convenient and ethical to quantify the result participant opinion of the research about one of the specific subject. The instruments used were: a) documental research; b) observation sections; c) field daybooks; d) application of questionnaires to the parents or responsible for them, to the school director, to the pedagogic coordinator and to the teachers which works in the researched group. About the work organization, it was made in four chapters: 1) Different familiar shapes; 2) The relationship between school and family in the childish education and in the first grade from the basic education with nine years; 3) Methodological guide; 4) The children and the adults in the educational institution building relationships: presentation and discussing of the conditions obtained. The research results showed the importance of studies and discussing about the diversity of familiar arranges in the school; the direct contact of the teachers and the technical team (director and coordinator) with the families; the using of different instruments in communication and the different strategies of the work with the families. It showed that the homework propitiates the contact between both institution (school and family) and so the existence of meeting and discordance of ideas among the teachers, the school and the families is natural and healthful in human relationships. Otherwise, one of the schools showed itself hardy to deal with this situation. It also showed in one of the cases the low relationship, and in the other school, the absence of the familiar participation in the pedagogic proposition set over against to the educational institution wished. At the end, it believes itself that the research theme will make expressive contributions to the child education with four till six years old, in childish education schools and in the initial grades of the basic schooling.

Les consommateurs d’aujourd’hui ont des goûts très variés et cherchent les produits les plus récents. Avec l’accélération technologique, les cycles de vie des produits se sont raccourcis et donc, de nouveaux produits doivent être introduits au marché plus souvent et progressivement, les anciens doivent y être retirés. L’introduction d’un nouveau produit est une source de croissance et d’avantage concurrentiel. Les directeurs du Marketing et Supply Chain se sont confrontés à la question de savoir comment gérer avec succès le remplacement de leurs produits et d’optimiser les coûts de la chaîne d’approvisionnement associée. Dans une situation idéale, la procédure de rollover est efficace et claire: l’ancien produit est vendu jusqu’à une date prévue où un nouveau produit est introduit. Dans la vie réelle, la situation est moins favorable. Le but de notre travail est d’analyser et de caractériser la politique optimale du rollover avec une date de disponibilitéstochastique pour l’introduction du nouveau produit sur le marché. Pour résoudre le problème d’optimisation,nous utilisons dans notre premier article deux mesures de minimisation: le coût moyen et le coût de la valeurconditionnelle à risque. On obtient des solutions en forme explicite pour les politiques optimales. En outre, nous caractérisons l’influence des paramètres de coûts sur la structure de la politique optimale. Dans cet esprit, nous analysons aussi le comportement de la politique de rollover optimale dans des contextes différents. Dans notre deuxième article, nous examinons le même problème mais avec une demande constante pour le premier produit et une demande linéaire au début puis constante pour le deuxième. Ce modèle est inspiré par la demande de Bass. Dans notre troisième article, la date de disponibilité du nouveau produit existe mais elle est inconnue. La seule information disponible est un ensemble historique d’échantillons qui sont tirés de la vraie distribution. Nous résoudrons le problème avec l’approche data drivenet nous obtenons des formulations tractables. Nous développons aussi des bornes sur le nombre d’échantillons nécessaires pour garantir qu’avec une forte probabilité, le coût n’est pas très loin du vrai coût optimal
Shorter product life cycles and rapid product obsolescence provide increasing incentives to introduce newproducts to markets more quickly. As a consequence of rapidly changing market conditions, firms focus onimproving their new product development processes to reap the benefits of early market entry. Researchershave analyzed market entry, but have seldom provided quantitative approaches for the product rolloverproblem. This research builds upon the literature by using established optimization methods to examine howfirms can minimize their net loss during the rollover process. Specifically, our work explicitly optimizes thetiming of removal of old products and introduction of new products, the optimal strategy, and the magnitudeof net losses when the market entry approval date of a new product is unknown. In the first paper, we use theconditional value at risk to optimize the net loss and investigate the effect of risk perception of the manageron the rollover process. We compare it to the minimization of the classical expected net loss. We deriveconditions for optimality and unique closed-form solutions for single and dual rollover cases. In the secondpaper, we investigate the rollover problem, but for a time-dependent demand rate for the second producttrying to approximate the Bass Model. Finally, in the third paper, we apply the data-driven optimizationapproach to the product rollover problem where the probability distribution of the approval date is unknown.We rather have historical observations of approval dates. We develop the optimal times of rollover and showthe superiority of the data-driven method over the conditional value at risk in case where it is difficult to guessthe real probability distribution

A qualidade da água do século XXI é um dos principais problemas da humanidade em decorrência de atividades de mineração, lançamentos de esgotos domésticos e industriais sem tratamento, utilização de agrotóxicos e pesticidas, retirada da vegetação ripária e depósito de lixo. A gestão dos recursos hídricos engloba, entre outras ações, caracterização ambiental, avaliação dos impactos das atividades instaladas na área de influência, investigação da capacidade de assimilação do corpo receptor, monitoramento ambiental e retroalimentação do processo de gestão como um todo. A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica dos rios Jacupiranguinha, município de Cajati - SP e Pariquera-Açu, município de Pariquera-Açu - SP (Bacia do Rio Ribeira de Iguape) nas diferentes fases do ciclo hidrológico, e propor cenários com vistas à sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos do Baixo Ribeira de Iguape. Foram medidas variáveis físicas e químicas da água e do sedimento, além da quantidade de coliformes fecais e as estruturas da comunidade bentônica dos rios, além de variáveis climatológicas e hidrológicas. O modelo QUAL2K foi utilizado como ferramenta para diferentes simulações de cenários para a sub-bacia do rio Jacupiranguinha. Os resultados mostraram que os rios sofrem os impactos decorrentes da urbanização tanto com relação ao escoamento superficial urbano quanto com a entrada de efluentes clandestinos e de estações de tratamento. Este fato foi percebido pela alteração da qualidade das águas em relação à concentração de nutrientes e coliformes totais e fecais. Os sedimentos foram classificados como mineral e a constituição granulométrica pode ter contribuído para a estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados que foi maior no rio Pariquera-Açu, pois este possui sedimento mais heterogêneo. A classe Insecta foi representada por maior quantidade de taxa e a família Chironomidae foi a que apresentou maior densidade absoluta de organismos. Estes resultados podem indicar comprometimento da saúde das sub-bacias. Pôde-se constatar através das simulações que a sub-bacia do rio Jacupiranguinha necessita de algumas intervenções em saneamento para a melhoria da qualidade de suas águas e que, para algumas variáveis, o estágio de poluição supera os limites de autodepuração do rio. Neste caso, medidas de conservação já não seriam suficientes, necessitando da implantação de um processo de recuperação da qualidade destas águas.
The twenty-first century water quality is one of the main problems of mankind as a result of mining activities, release of untreated industrial and domestic sewage, use of agrochemicals and pesticides, removal of riparian vegetation and garbage dump. Water resources management includes environmental characterization, impact assessment of activities located in influence area, to investigate the receiving body assimilative capacity, environmental monitoring and feedback management process as a whole. The purpose of this work was to study the dynamics of rivers Jacupiranguinha, Cajati city and Pariquera-Açu, Pariquera-Açu city - Brazil (Ribeira de Iguape River Basin) in different phases of the hydrological cycle, and propose scenarios to water resources sustainability of the Ribeira de Iguape basin. Water and sediment physical and chemical variables, fecal coliforms and benthic community structure of rivers were measured, besides the weather and hydrological conditions. QUAL2K model was used as a tool for simulations of different scenarios for the sub-basin of Jacupiranguinha river. The results showed that the rivers are suffering the impacts of urbanization both in relation to urban runoff as the discharge of illegal domestic effluents and those from treatment stations. This fact was noticed by water quality changes on nutrient concentrations and total and fecal coliforms. The sediments were classified as mineral formation and particle size may have contributed to the benthic community structure which was higher in Pariquera-Açu river, because of its sediment heterogeneity. Insecta was dominant and Chironomidae showed the largest absolute density of organisms. These results may indicate impairment of health of sub-basins. It could be observed through simulations that Jacupiranguinha river needs some assistance in sanitation to improve the quality of its waters and the stage of pollution exceeds the limits of river self-purification. In this case, conservation measures would no longer be sufficient, necessitating the deployment of a recovery process of the quality of these waters.

Les mesures de sûreté sont au cœur de la politique pénale actuelle, bien qu’elles soulèvent un grand nombre d’interrogations. Leur place est très incertaine en droit français qui, dans un souci de simplification, a opté pour un système de sanctions pénales à voie unique ne comportant que des peines. Pour autant, aux côtés des peines, il est un certain nombre de mesures de sûreté qui ne sont pas toujours reconnues comme telles, au détriment de la cohérence du droit positif. Le droit allemand, au contraire, a adopté le système « de la double voie », faisant coexister les peines et les mesures de sûreté au sein du code pénal. Ce système présente l’avantage de reconnaître la spécificité des mesures de sûreté, lesquelles reposent non sur la culpabilité du délinquant mais sur sa dangerosité. Bien que la distinction entre les deux catégories de sanctions pénales ne soit pas aisée en raison des nombreux points de convergence, une assimilation pure et simple entre les deux concepts s’avère impossible. Cette étude comparative de l’émergence et de l’autonomie des mesures de sûreté permet de conclure à la nécessité d’introduire un dualisme des sanctions pénales au sein du Code pénal français, avec un régime juridique complet et propre aux mesures de sûreté, distinct de celui des peines, mais s’inscrivant dans le respect des principes fondamentaux du droit pénal
Security measures are at the heart of the current criminal policy, even though they raise a number of questions. Their place is very uncertain in French law, which has opted for a "single-track system", comprising only penalties, in the interest of simplification. Though, alongside the penalties, there are some security measures that are not always recognised as such, to the detriment of the coherence of the positive law. German law, on the contrary, has adopted a “dual-track system”, where penalties and security measures coexist within the criminal code. This system offers the advantage of recognizing the specificities of the security measures, which are not based on the guilt of the offender, but on his degree of danger. Although the distinction between the two categories of criminal sanctions is not an easy one, because of the areas of convergence, the two concepts cannot simply be treated as being the same. This comparative study of the emergence and the autonomy of the security measures concludes that a dualism of criminal sanctions should be introduced to the French criminal code with a complete own legal regime for the security measures, separate from the penalties’ regime, but in accordance with the basic principles of the criminal law

Shorter product life cycles and rapid product obsolescence provide increasing incentives to introduce newproducts to markets more quickly. As a consequence of rapidly changing market conditions, firms focus onimproving their new product development processes to reap the benefits of early market entry. Researchershave analyzed market entry, but have seldom provided quantitative approaches for the product rolloverproblem. This research builds upon the literature by using established optimization methods to examine howfirms can minimize their net loss during the rollover process. Specifically, our work explicitly optimizes thetiming of removal of old products and introduction of new products, the optimal strategy, and the magnitudeof net losses when the market entry approval date of a new product is unknown. In the first paper, we use theconditional value at risk to optimize the net loss and investigate the effect of risk perception of the manageron the rollover process. We compare it to the minimization of the classical expected net loss. We deriveconditions for optimality and unique closed-form solutions for single and dual rollover cases. In the secondpaper, we investigate the rollover problem, but for a time-dependent demand rate for the second producttrying to approximate the Bass Model. Finally, in the third paper, we apply the data-driven optimizationapproach to the product rollover problem where the probability distribution of the approval date is unknown.We rather have historical observations of approval dates. We develop the optimal times of rollover and showthe superiority of the data-driven method over the conditional value at risk in case where it is difficult to guessthe real probability distribution

Les patients atteints de cancer traversent des conditions d’existence extrêmes demandant un cadre spécifique de prise en charge psychothérapique. Le cancer et les soins anticancéreux indispensables, forment pourtant la situation cancéreuse envahie par les logiques processuelles du cancer, violentes. Cette situation peut être un raz de marrée dans la vie d’un sujet, emportant les convictions les plus établies et les bases narcissiques-identitaires et du caractère les plus ancrées. Le sujet présente un risque majeur d’effondrement. De plus, la puissance du traumatisme actuel puise ses racines dans la reviviscence de traumatismes primaires restés jusque là éteints. Leur retour a lieu sous la forme de sensations hallucinatoires induisant des états de corps et des états de perception du monde extérieur psychiquement irreprésentables. Le sujet se vit et s’éprouve alors passivement, sans pouvoir s’affecter véritablement. Mortifères, la pesanteur, l’inertie et la douleur dominent ou au contraire, le sujet se sent à vif, hypersensible, envahi, persécuté, au risque de l’éclatement. Le monde s’articule alors essentiellement sur cette bipolarité que vient recouvrir la défense opératoire radicale de la blancheur. Elle jette son dévolu sur le monde, les relations, les objets, les affects, le corps du sujet. Parfois, rien ne touche ce dernier dont la psyché s’est resserrée autour de son noyau archaïque aux limites psyché-soma. Le cancer éradique la subjectivité, subtilisant le principe actif des logiques de l’originaire. Cet état de mélancolie blanche parfois durable, n’est que l’une des phases d’une processualité mélancolique polymorphe. Cette dynamique domine la vie du sujet selon deux tendances à la proto-mélancolie et à la proto-manie, qui remplacent le monde affectif par une propension à l’inertie ou à la psychomotricité. Le travail de mélancolie vise la relance des capacités d’identification en impasse. Nous allons étudier les modalités spécifiques du transfert et en particulier la mobilisation essentielle d’un transfert formel de base. Il fonctionne à partir de l’activation originaire en double de signifiants formels alors partagés par le thérapeute et son patient. Des mouvements de léthargie et d’excitations psychocorporelles peuvent gagner le clinicien et plonger la relation thérapeutique dans des états crépusculaires, relatifs au cancer et au retour des traumatiques primaires. Nous verrons comment le but premier de la psychothérapie vise l’utilisation psychique – et non l’éradication – de l’objet-cancer, comme moyen de forger les conditions de viabilité du cadre : permettre la mise en représentation des états de corps, rétablir la symbolisation, l’imagination et le recours aux fantasmes inconscients. Ce sont là les bases indispensables d’une psychothérapie auprès des patients atteints de cancer
Cancer patients experience extreme conditions of existence requiring a specific form of psychotherapy. The cancer and essential anticancer treatments together form the cancerous situation, invaded by the cancer’s violent, processual logic. This situation can constitute a sea change in the subject’s life, sweeping away their most firmly held convictions and the most deeply rooted foundations of their narcissistic identity and character. The subject is at major risk of suffering a breakdown. In addition, the ‘actual’ trauma draws strength from the revival of primary traumas up until now extinguished. Their return takes the form of hallucinatory sensations producing states of body and perception of the external world psychologically unrepresentable. The subject sees and experiences themself passively, without really being capable of feeling affected. Deadly dullness, inertia and pain dominate or, on the contrary, the subject feels vividly alive, hypersensitive, invaded and persecuted, at the risk of bursting. The world essentially revolves around this bipolarity, which the radical operational defence system covers in whiteness. It throws its mantle over the world, relationships, objects, affects and the subject’s body. Sometimes nothing can touch the subject at all, and their psyche is reduced to its archaic core, at the edge of psyche-soma. The cancer eradicates subjectivity, steeling away the active principle of primal logic. This sometimes lasting state of white melancholy is but one phase in a polymorphic melancholic processuality. This force dominates the subject’s life, with a tendency either to proto-melancholy or proto-mania, which replace the affective world by a propensity to inertia or psychomotricity. The aim of melancholy work is to revive the deadlocked capacity for identification. We will examine the specific use of transference and, in particular, the key implementation of a basic formal transference. This works based on the dual primal activation of formal signifiers shared by the therapist and their patient. The therapist may be subject to motions of lethargy and psychocorporal excitations, plunging the therapeutic relationship into crepuscular states, relative to the cancer and to the return of primary traumas. We will look at how the principle aim of psychotherapy is the psychological use, and not eradication, of the cancer object, as a means of forging the conditions rendering the therapeutic context feasible: allow the representation of states of body, restore symbolisation, imagination and recourse to unconscious fantasy. Together, these form the essential basis of psychotherapy for cancer patients

S tím, jak se neustále vyvíjejí nové technologie pro energeticky náročná průmyslová odvětví, stávající zařízení postupně zaostávají v efektivitě a produktivitě. Tvrdá konkurence na trhu a legislativa v oblasti životního prostředí nutí tato tradiční zařízení k ukončení provozu a k odstavení. Zlepšování procesu a projekty modernizace jsou zásadní v udržování provozních výkonů těchto zařízení. Současné přístupy pro zlepšování procesů jsou hlavně: integrace procesů, optimalizace procesů a intenzifikace procesů. Obecně se v těchto oblastech využívá matematické optimalizace, zkušeností řešitele a provozní heuristiky. Tyto přístupy slouží jako základ pro zlepšování procesů. Avšak, jejich výkon lze dále zlepšit pomocí moderní výpočtové inteligence. Účelem této práce je tudíž aplikace pokročilých technik umělé inteligence a strojového učení za účelem zlepšování procesů v energeticky náročných průmyslových procesech. V této práci je využit přístup, který řeší tento problém simulací průmyslových systémů a přispívá následujícím: (i)Aplikace techniky strojového učení, která zahrnuje jednorázové učení a neuro-evoluci pro modelování a optimalizaci jednotlivých jednotek na základě dat. (ii) Aplikace redukce dimenze (např. Analýza hlavních komponent, autoendkodér) pro vícekriteriální optimalizaci procesu s více jednotkami. (iii) Návrh nového nástroje pro analýzu problematických částí systému za účelem jejich odstranění (bottleneck tree analysis – BOTA). Bylo také navrženo rozšíření nástroje, které umožňuje řešit vícerozměrné problémy pomocí přístupu založeného na datech. (iv) Prokázání účinnosti simulací Monte-Carlo, neuronové sítě a rozhodovacích stromů pro rozhodování při integraci nové technologie procesu do stávajících procesů. (v) Porovnání techniky HTM (Hierarchical Temporal Memory) a duální optimalizace s několika prediktivními nástroji pro podporu managementu provozu v reálném čase. (vi) Implementace umělé neuronové sítě v rámci rozhraní pro konvenční procesní graf (P-graf). (vii) Zdůraznění budoucnosti umělé inteligence a procesního inženýrství v biosystémech prostřednictvím komerčně založeného paradigmatu multi-omics.