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Journal articles on the topic 'Dual Income No Kids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Bawono, Bachtiar Suryo, and Bambang Santosa. "PERAN GANDA WANITA DALAM EKONOMI KELUARGA (Studi Kasus Pada Pedagang Wanita Pasar Klewer)." Journal of Development and Social Change 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jodasc.v3i1.41674.

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<p>Women in the era of globalization have experienced significant changes. As women who previously were not played an active role in the labor market, many woman now play an active role in the world of work, especially in the trade sector. Based on data from the Surakarta City Gender Study and Social Workers Association (PRP) Study, 72% of the traditional market trader population is women. In addition to having a positive impact, increasing women's participation in the world of work also has a negative impact on women themselves. As women as workers will experience double burden problems. It means women who work will have two responsibilities, that is public work responsibilities and domestic work responsibilities.</p><p>Therefore, the author would like to know how the Dual Role of Women in the Family Economy in Women's Traders' Families in Surakarta City's Klewer Market? This study uses gender analysis techniques Hardvard-1 or HAF method combined with interactive analysis methods. The results showed that the first category of informants only wives who traded in the market showed that, the wife played a role in increasing family income. The initial income of a husband working alone is only able to meet primary needs. After the wife trades, the husband and wife can meet secondary needs and increase family purchasing power. In the access and control of family economic resources, they tend to be dominated by husbands. The informants of both husband and wife trading together in a kios then the role of the wife does not affect the ups and downs of trading income. In accessing and controlling economic resources the family runs in balance.</p>

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2

Lichter, Daniel T., and David J. Eggebeen. "Rich Kids, Poor Kids: Changing Income Inequality among American Children." Social Forces 71, no. 3 (March 1993): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579894.

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3

Lichter, D. T., and D. J. Eggebeen. "Rich Kids, Poor Kids: Changing Income Inequality among American Children." Social Forces 71, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/71.3.761.

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4

Linneman, Robert E., and Patrick J. Kirschling. "Targeting the Double Income with Kids Households?" Journal of Food Products Marketing 5, no. 2 (March 19, 1999): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j038v05n02_05.

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5

Wai, Jonathan, and Frank C. Worrell. "How talented low-income kids are left behind." Phi Delta Kappan 102, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721720978058.

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Finding and developing talented youth from low-income backgrounds is an ongoing challenge for U.S. gifted education policy. These students face strong headwinds, whereas advantaged students enjoy favorable tailwinds, and these factors accumulate throughout K-12, higher education, and beyond. Jonathan Wai and Frank C. Worrell explain how talented low income kids are left behind. They discuss the historical tension between the development of excellence and the pursuit of equity, explain the importance of early and universal talent identification and development in the critical K-12 years, and link that development to students’ personal success and societal growth.

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Wu, Mengyun, Linrong Zhang, Muhammad Imran, Jie Lu, and Xinting Hu. "Conflict coping strategy evolution of top management team members in China’s family enterprises." Chinese Management Studies 12, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 246–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-08-2017-0227.

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PurposeConflicts among top management team (TMT) members have a significant impact on sustainable development of family enterprises in China. The complex attributes of different kinds of conflicts in a TMT have dual effects on firm performance and its stability. Thus, avoiding conflicts in a TMT through a systematic conflict management strategy is very important. This paper aims to therefore investigate how to maximize the performance and income level of the TMT in family enterprises through managing conflict systematically, while adopting the best conflict coping strategies.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors apply conflict coping strategies as a useful tool of conflict management and propose five kinds of dynamic conflict coping strategies among TMT members. Repeated game and multi-agent simulation by computer experiment are used to dynamically simulate the rules and evolution of individual conflict coping strategy choices.FindingsIt is found that with the passage of time, different conflict coping strategies have different effects on earnings of individuals and teams at different conflict levels. It is also revealed that conflict coping strategies affect not only the earnings of individuals and teams but also their distribution; it also reflects the conflict level in TMT of a family enterprise but in reverse.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature on conflict management in relevance to the choice and revolution of conflict coping strategies in a Chinese business culture context. It focuses on strengthening the unity and cooperation of TMT members. Controlling the conflict level of TMT members at a reasonable level, investigating the primary cause of conflict and identifying its nature lead to better performance of the TMT and the sustainable development of Chinese family enterprises. Based on these outcomes, different conflict coping strategies can be appropriately used to solve TMT conflicts.

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7

López-Laborda, Julio, Jaime Vallés-Giménez, and Anabel Zárate-Marco. "Income Shifting in the Spanish Dual Income Tax*." Fiscal Studies 39, no. 1 (September 28, 2017): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2017.12147.

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8

Bender, Eve. "Whether Kids With ADHD Get Treated May Depend on Parents' Income." Psychiatric News 42, no. 20 (October 19, 2007): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.42.20.0018a.

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9

Paden, Shelley L., and Cheryl Buehler. "Coping with the Dual-Income Lifestyle." Journal of Marriage and the Family 57, no. 1 (February 1995): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353819.

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10

Nagai, Akiko. "Household Work by Dual-income Couples." Kazoku syakaigaku kenkyu 4, no. 4 (1992): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4234/jjoffamilysociology.4.67.

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11

Fish, Linda Stone, Rebecca S. New, and Nancy J. Van Cleave. "Shared parenting in dual-income families." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 62, no. 1 (1992): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079306.

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12

Park, Joongyang, YoungSoon Kim, and Seon-ja Heo. "DUAL-INDEX MEASUREMENT OF INCOME INEQUALITY." Bulletin of Economic Research 70, no. 3 (December 19, 2017): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/boer.12141.

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13

Keuschnigg, Christian, and Martin D. Dietz. "A growth oriented dual income tax." International Tax and Public Finance 14, no. 2 (April 2007): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-006-8722-4.

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14

Kanniainen, Vesa, Seppo Kari, and Jouko Ylä-Liedenpohja. "Nordic dual income taxation of entrepreneurs." International Tax and Public Finance 14, no. 4 (April 25, 2007): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-007-9023-2.

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15

Lee-Kwan, Seung Hee, Sohyun Park, Leah M. Maynard, Heidi M. Blanck, Lisa C. McGuire, and Janet L. Collins. "Parental Characteristics and Reasons Associated With Purchasing Kids’ Meals for Their Children." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 2 (December 21, 2016): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116683797.

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Purpose: Characteristics of parents who purchased kids’ meals, reasons for the purchase, and desire for healthy options were examined. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Setting: National. Participants: The SummerStyles survey data of 1147 parents (≥18 years). Measures: Self-reported outcome variables were purchase of kids’ meals (yes/no), reasons for the purchase (13 choices), and desire for healthy options (yes/no). Analysis: We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for purchasing kids’ meals based on parental sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Results: Over half (51%) of parents reported purchasing kids’ meals in the past month. The adjusted OR of purchasing kids’ meals were significantly higher among younger parents (OR = 3.44 vs ≥50 years) and among parents who consumed sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) daily (OR = 2.70 vs none). No differences were found for race/ethnicity, income, and education. Parents who purchased kids’ meals reported that the top 3 reasons for purchase were (1) because their children asked for kids’ meals, (2) habit, and (3) offering of healthier sides such as fruits or fruit cups. Thirty-seven percent of parents who did not purchase kids’ meals expressed willingness to purchase kids’ meals if healthy options were available; this willingness was highest among younger parents (47%; P < .05). Conclusions: Kids’ meal purchases were somewhat common. Our findings on characteristics of parents who frequently bought kids’ meals (ie, younger parents and SSB consumers), common reasons for purchasing kids’ meals, and willingness to buy healthier kids’ meal can be used to inform intervention efforts to improve quality of kids’ meals.

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Porepa, Michelle, Catherine Lam, Joelene F. Huber, Hosanna Au, and Catherine S. Birken. "Kids on kids' health: Creating a child health magazine with students from an urban, multicultural, low-income elementary school." Paediatrics & Child Health 14, no. 4 (April 2009): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/14.4.219.

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17

Doepke, Matthias, and Fabrizio Zilibotti. "The economic roots of helicopter parenting." Phi Delta Kappan 100, no. 7 (March 25, 2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721719841334.

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In this sexcerpt from their book, Love, Money, and Parenting: How Economics Explains the Way We Raise Our Kids, Matthias Doepke and Fabrizio Zilibotti discuss the phenomenon of helicopter parenting, in which parents spend more time monitoring their kids’ activities. They present empirical evidence for a rise in parental involvement and suggest that greater income inequality and the related higher stakes surrounding children’s educational success may be driving parents to be more attentive.

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18

Dannefer, Rachel, Erica Bryan, Alyce Osborne, and Rachel Sacks. "Evaluation of the Farmers’ Markets for Kids programme." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 18 (July 28, 2016): 3397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001725.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of Farmers’ Markets for Kids, a farmers’ market-based, child-oriented nutrition education programme, on attitudes and behaviours related to preparing and consuming produce among child participants and their caregivers in New York City (NYC).DesignRetrospective pre-test/post-test cross-sectional survey with caregivers of children participating in Farmers’ Markets for Kids classes.SettingFour NYC farmers’ markets where Farmers’ Markets for Kids classes are implemented; these markets serve low-income communities.SubjectsTwo hundred and twelve adult caregivers of children who participated in Farmers’ Markets for Kids classes.ResultsCaregivers reported that children’s consumption of fruits and vegetables had increased since participating in Farmers’ Markets for Kids and that their children more frequently assisted with food preparation; both of these improvements were statistically significant. Caregivers also reported significant improvements in attitudes: since participating in Farmers’ Markets for Kids, their children were more willing to try new fruits and vegetables and caregivers found it easier to prepare fruits and vegetables for their children. Almost all respondents (99 %) reported purchasing more fruits and vegetables since participating in Farmers’ Markets for Kids and 95 % had prepared the programme’s recipes at home.ConclusionsFindings suggest that Farmers’ Markets for Kids may be an effective approach for increasing produce consumption among participating children and improving related attitudes among children and caregivers. This evaluation provides support for future efforts to undertake more rigorous evaluations of such programmes.

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19

Falkenberg, L., and M. Monachello. "Dual-career and dual-income families: Do they have different needs?" Journal of Business Ethics 9, no. 4-5 (1990): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00380332.

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20

Hobin, Erin, Christine White, Ye Li, Maria Chiu, Mary Fodor O'Brien, and David Hammond. "Nutritional quality of food items on fast-food ‘kids’ menus’: comparisons across countries and companies." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 10 (October 22, 2013): 2263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013002498.

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AbstractObjectiveTo compare energy (calories), total and saturated fats, and Na levels for ‘kids’ menu’ food items offered by four leading multinational fast-food chains across five countries.DesignA content analysis was used to create a profile of the nutritional content of food items on kids’ menus available for lunch and dinner in four leading fast-food chains in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA.SettingFood items from kids’ menus were included from four fast-food companies: Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), McDonald's and Subway. These fast-food chains were selected because they are among the top ten largest multinational fast-food chains for sales in 2010, operate in high-income English-speaking countries, and have a specific section of their restaurant menus labelled ‘kids’ menus’.ResultsThe results by country indicate that kids’ menu foods contain less energy (fewer calories) in restaurants in the USA and lower Na in restaurants in the UK. The results across companies suggest that kids’ menu foods offered at Subway restaurants are lower in total fat than food items offered at Burger King and KFC, and food items offered at KFC are lower in saturated fat than items offered at Burger King.ConclusionsAlthough the reasons for the variation in the nutritional quality of foods on kids’ menus are not clear, it is likely that fast-food companies could substantially improve the nutritional quality of their kids’ menu food products, translating to large gains for population health.

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Genser, Bernd, and Andreas Reutter. "Moving Towards Dual Income Taxation in Europe." FinanzArchiv 63, no. 3 (2007): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/001522107x250140.

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22

Challet, Anna. "Reigniting Education in Juvie." Boom 6, no. 2 (2016): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.2.32.

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More than 47,000 kids spent time in one of California’s seventy-six court schools in 2014. The vast majority came from low-income households and were Black or Latino. The schools offer an opportunity to change kids’ lives while they’re a captive audience. But in California, that opportunity is being wasted because the schools are failing. In a state preoccupied with reforming education and moving away from mass incarceration, the schools that exist at the intersection of these movements are habitually ignored, under-resourced, and not held accountable.

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23

Delgado-Brull, María Teresa, and Domingo Gómez-Abeja. "«Dinkis»: setting a new life style." Comunicar 14, no. 27 (October 1, 2006): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c27-2006-05.

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The term «dinki» stands for «double income no kids» and refers to young couples with high earned income who do not want to have offspring in order to maintain their economical status (a great part of their income is devoted to travelling, eating in restaurants...). The «dinki» phenomenon is not new at all. According to the results about «Young families in Spain» published by Milward Brown Spain consultancy in November 2005, in Spain there are already 800,000 of «dinki» couples, a 75 percentage higher than in 2000. El término «dinki» responde a las siglas en inglés «double income no kids» (doble sueldo sin hijos). Los «dinkis» son parejas de jóvenes que a pesar de convivir, tener dos sueldos y cierta holgura económica, no tienen ni desean tener hijos, para poder mantener un buen nivel de vida (dedicando buena parte de su sueldo a salir, comer fuera, viajar...). El fenómeno «dinki» no es más que la constatación de una realidad ya existente,pues según un estudio realizado por la consultora Milward Brown Spain sobre «Las familias jóvenes en España» que se hizo en noviembre de 2005, ya conviven 800.000 parejas de «dinkis» en nuestro país, un 75% más que en el año 2000.

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24

Díaz Caro, Carlos, Jorge Onrubia Fernández, and Jesús Pérez Mayo. "Progressivity and redistribution by Income Sources in the Spanish Dual Income Tax." Revista Hacienda Pública Espñola 206, no. 3 (September 29, 2013): 57–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.13.3.3.

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25

Garcia, Santiago Alvarez, Juan Prieto Rodriguez, and Juan Gabriel Rodriguez Hernandez. "Is the dual income tax a real alternative to traditional income taxes?" International Journal of Public Policy 1, no. 3 (2006): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpp.2006.009807.

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26

Celikkaya, Ali. "Dual income tax: A reform option for personal income tax in Turkey." Business and Economic Horizons 3 (October 14, 2010): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/beh.2010.26.

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27

Lipton, Brandy J., Jefferson Nguyen, and Melody K. Schiaffino. "California’s Health4All Kids Expansion And Health Insurance Coverage Among Low-Income Noncitizen Children." Health Affairs 40, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00096.

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Raley, Sara B., Marybeth J. Mattingly, and Suzanne M. Bianchi. "How Dual Are Dual-Income Couples? Documenting Change From 1970 to 2001." Journal of Marriage and Family 68, no. 1 (February 2006): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00230.x.

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Lee, Su-Jin. "Patterns of Income and Household Expenses Arrangements and Determinants Within Dual-Income Families." Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association 48, no. 10 (December 30, 2010): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/khea.2010.48.10.051.

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Kristjánsson, Arnaldur Sölvi. "Redistributive Effects in a Dual Income Tax System." FinanzArchiv 69, no. 2 (2013): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/001522113x666917.

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Kristjánsson, Arnaldur Sölvi, and Peter J. Lambert. "Structural progression measures for dual income tax systems." Journal of Economic Inequality 13, no. 1 (September 19, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10888-014-9287-6.

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32

Carter, Steven. "Housing tenure choice and the dual income household." Journal of Housing Economics 20, no. 3 (September 2011): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2011.06.002.

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33

Randjelovic, Sasa. "Dual income tax: An option for the reform of personal income tax in Serbia?" Ekonomski anali 53, no. 178-179 (2008): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0879183r.

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Contemporary tax theory and practice provides two fundamental concepts for taxation of personal income: scheduler and global. Several systems have been derived from these basic models, including combined, flat, dual and negative income tax. Dual income tax, the subject of this paper, requires progressive taxation of income from employment and proportional taxation of income from capital. However, strict application of this system significantly violates the principle of equitability of taxation, both horizontally and vertically.

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34

Godfrey, Erin B., and Hua-Yu Sebastian Cherng. "The Kids are All Right? Income Inequality and Civic Engagement among Our Nation’s Youth." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45, no. 11 (September 3, 2016): 2218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0557-4.

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Lee, Hyunjeong. "Comparing Financial Portfolios and Housing Wealth Effects of Single Income and Dual Income Couples." Journal of the Korean Housing Association 27, no. 6 (December 25, 2016): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2016.27.6.095.

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Gray, Edith, and Ann Evans. "Do couples share income? Variation in the organisation of income in dual-earner households." Australian Journal of Social Issues 43, no. 3 (March 2008): 441–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2008.tb00112.x.

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37

Boadway, Robin. "Income tax reform for a globalized world: The case for a dual income tax." Journal of Asian Economics 16, no. 6 (December 2005): 910–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2005.10.001.

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38

Seo, Jiwon, and Jung-eun Lee. "Paternal Child Care Time of Dual-Income and Single-Income Families with Preschool Children." Journal of Families and Better Life 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7466/jfbl.2021.39.2.29.

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39

Rubin, Rose M., Bobye J. Riney, and Todd Johansen. "Tax Effects on the Net Income of Wives in Dual-Earner Households, 1980–1983." Public Finance Quarterly 15, no. 4 (October 1987): 441–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114218701500406.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of changes in the federal income tax structure on net income of wives in dual-earner households between 1980 and 1983. Utilizing the second-earner net income model (SENIM), simulation distributions of net income of married full-time women workers, representing six occupational categories, are calculated for alternative spouse income levels and for households of different sizes. The resulting net income distributions are analyzed by paired comparison t-tests to determine the effects of tax changes on dual-earner households during the first Reagan administration. The findings indicate that the tax changes benefit dual-earner households at all income levels, but that lower-income households receive the least benefit, so that the effects are inequitable.

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Sodiq, Akhmad. "Pola Usaha Peternakan Kambing dan Kinerja Produktivitasnya di Wilayah Eks-Karesidenen Banyumas Jawa-Tengah." Jurnal Agripet 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v10i2.392.

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Goat farming pattern and their productivity in the area of eks-karesidenan banyumas, central javaABSTRACT. Goats play an important role in the livelihood of rural people in upland and lowland farming systems in the areas of Eks-Karesidenan Banyumas Central Java. The main focus of this study presented in this paper, consist of (i) documenting the regional goat farming pattern, and (ii) find out the level of goat productivity in their farming. Importance of this study related to the development strategic fof their goat farming. Study was conducted in the areas of Eks-Karesidenan Banyumas Central Java (consist of Banyumas, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, and Cilacap regencies). Upland and lowland areas were selected by purposive sampling method. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistic was applied in this study. Most of goats are raised within traditional system, characterized by small-scale production. The production in upland and lowland areas focused on single purposes for producing kid goats from Peranakan Etawah (PE) and Jawa Randu (JR) breeds. PE goats focus on dual purposes for producing milk and meat are mostly found on upland. Flock size of PE and JR goats in upland and lowland ranges from 2 to 9 head (mean: 3.8 head) and from 1 to 6 head (mean: 2.7 head), respectively. Flock size of PE goat focus on dual purposes ranges from 8 to 75 head. PE and JR goats in upland and lowland were dominated by double litter, followed by single and triplets. The highest litter size (1.89 kids) was found in lowland, followed by single purpose of PE and JR goats in upland (1.78 kids), and dual purposes PE goats in upland areas (1.66 kids). Pre-weaning mortality was highest (9.5%) in lowland areas for single purpose of PE and JR goats. Does reproduction and productivity ranges from 1.76-5.24 kids/does/year and 12.92-87.42 kg/does/year, respectively. Doe productivity was lowest (12.92 kg/does/year) in single purpose of PE and JR at lowland due to low of their survival rate and weaning weight.

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41

Barreix, Alberto, and Jerónimo Roca. "Strengthening a fiscal pillar: The Uruguayan dual income tax." CEPAL Review 2007, no. 92 (September 27, 2007): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/126c5701-en.

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42

Wagenhals, Gerhard. "Dual Income Tax Reform in Germany. A Microsimulation Approach." International Journal of Microsimulation 4, no. 2 (2010): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34196/ijm.00049.

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43

Wilson, Ruth. ""Got Milk": Bridging the Town-Gown Divide with Evaluation Research in African-American Communities." Practicing Anthropology 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.27.3.mpt2h6621102364t.

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In 2000, I was asked by the American Cancer Society to evaluate We Care About Kids, a newly funded 18-month community-based pilot project to address cancer prevention needs in urban low-income minority populations. We Care About Kids (WCAK) peaked my interest for several reasons: First, as an applied medical anthropologist working in an academic setting, I seek opportunities to bridge the university's educational mission with service to the surrounding communities. Secondly, service in local community organizations provides opportunities for graduate students to understand how anthropology and anthropologists impact the lives of everyday citizens. Thirdly, this project would involve anthropology at its inception: thus I could incorporate an emic perspective into project activities from the beginning, increasing opportunities for community members' input in data collection, data analysis, and intervention development and implementation.

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Harpainter, Phoebe, Sridharshi C. Hewawitharana, Danielle L. Lee, Anna C. Martin, Wendi Gosliner, Lorrene D. Ritchie, and Gail Woodward-Lopez. "Voluntary Kids’ Meal Beverage Standards: Are They Sufficient to Ensure Healthier Restaurant Practices and Consumer Choices?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155275.

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Many quick-service restaurants (QSRs) instituted voluntary kids’ meal default beverage standards (standards) between 2013 to 2017. Little is known about impacts of standards on QSR drive-through practices and on customer choices. This study assessed differences in restaurant practices including kids’ meal beverages shown on menu boards, offered by cashiers, and selected by customers in QSRs with and without voluntary standards. Observations (n = 111) and customer surveys (n = 84) were conducted in 2018 at QSRs with standards (n = 70) and without (n = 41) in low-income California, U.S. neighborhoods. Kids’ meal beverages on menu boards (n = 149) and offered by cashiers (n = 185) at QSRs with and without standards were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression. Significantly more menu boards at QSRs with standards (n = 103) vs. without (n = 46) featured only milk, water or unsweetened juice (65.1% vs. 4.4%; p < 0.001). Most cashiers at QSRs with standards and QSRs without (53.1%, 62.5%) asked what drink the data collector wanted rather than first offering default beverages. A small sample of customer interviews found that customers at QSRs with standards most commonly ordered juice (37.0%); at QSRs without standards, soda (45.5%). Although menu boards showed healthier kids’ meal beverages at QSRs with standards than without, cashier behavior was inconsistent. Results suggest additional measures (legislation, implementation support, enforcement) may be needed to ensure optimal implementation.

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Lo, James. "How Do Public Health Expansions Vary by Income Strata? Evidence from Illinois' All Kids Program." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 50, no. 1 (February 2013): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_50.01.06.

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Arrive, E., D. J. Kyabayinze, B. Marquis, N. Tumwesigye, M. P. Kieffer, A. Azondekon, L. Wemin, et al. "Cohort Profile: The Paediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Programmes in Lower-Income Countries (KIDS-ART-LINC) Collaboration." International Journal of Epidemiology 37, no. 3 (November 12, 2007): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym216.

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Van Cauwenberge, Philippe, and Ignace De Beelde. "On the IASB comprehensive income project: an analysis of the case for dual income display." Abacus 43, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.2007.00215.x.

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Nakamoto, Misaki, Takatoshi Nakagawa, Masahiko Murata, and Motohiro Okada. "Impacts of Dual-Income Household Rate on Suicide Mortalities in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 5670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115670.

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To explore impact of enhancing social advancement of females in Japan, this study determined the effects of the dual-income household rate on suicide mortalities disaggregated by attributes of gender, age, and motives between 2009 and 2017 in Japan. This study analysed impact of dual-income household rate, other household-related factors (savings, liabilities and yearly incomes per household, minors and elderly rate per household), and social/employment factors (complete unemployment rate, employment rate, temporary male and female employment rates and certification rate of long-term care insurance) on suicide mortalities disaggregated by attributes of gender, age, and motives using hierarchical linear-regression model. Dual-income household rate was significantly/negatively related to suicide mortality of the working-age female population, but significantly/positively related to that of the elderly female population. Suicide mortalities of the working-age male population and the elderly male population were significantly/positively related to dual-income household rate. Male suicide mortalities caused by family-, health-, economy- and employment-related motives were significantly/positively related to dual-income household rate; however, the dual-income household rate was significantly/positively related to female suicide mortalities caused by family-, health-, economy- and school-related motives, but significantly/negatively related to suicide mortalities caused by romance-related motives. Dual-income households suppress social-isolation and develop economical/psychological independence of females, leading to reduced suicide mortality in working-age females. However, elderly and school-age populations, who are supported by the working-age female, suffer from isolation. Working-age males also suffer from inability to adapt from the traditional concept of work–life and work–family balances to the novel work–family balance concept adapted to dual-income households. These results suggest occurrence of new social/family problems in the 21st century due to vulnerability of traditional Japanese culture and life–working–family balance concepts as well as novel sociofamilial disturbances induced by declining birth rate and ageing population in Japan.

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Dos Santos Magon, Daniele Pereira, Ana Regina E Souza Campello, and Helena Carla Castro. "WhatSurdo: A Strategy to Simulate the Real Communicational World in Low Income Schools." Scholedge International Journal of Multidisciplinary & Allied Studies ISSN 2394-336X 3, no. 4 (May 12, 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmas030401.

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WhatSurdo is a didactical material for stimulating writing and reading by simulating cell phone interaction in a dynamic way. It involves a 2D-representation of an instant messaging application, WhatsApp, simulating the reality of those who use it to communicate. Due to this stimulation that allows the students active participation in a practical (typing/writing adding figures/making draws) and theoretical (Language grammar) learning perspectives, it permits not only repetition but also thinking, feedback and assessment. This technology simulation was tested with four deaf students to evaluate its inclusive and stimulatory features. Whatsurdo has potential to help teachers to teach language to kids at different ages, including those with special needs and particularly those of low income schools and/or without contact with this kind of technology.

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Andersson, Martin P., and Andrés F. Palacio Chaverra. "Structural Change and Income Inequality – Agricultural Development and Inter-sectoral Dualism in the Developing World, 1960-2010." OASIS, no. 23 (June 15, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n23.06.

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Structural change consists of the long-term changes in the sectoral composition of output and employment. We introduce a structural change perspective to the study of income inequality in 27 countries of the developing world for the period 1960-2010. The service sector has become the main employer, but the agricultural sector is central to the income distribution because poverty is mostly rural, and the labor surplus is high. We decompose the sectoral composition of aggregate labor productivity at the country level, divide the countries into agrarian, dual (beginner, intermediate and advanced), and mature economies and use the inter-sectoral productivity gap to test the effect of structural change on income inequality. We confirm increases in agricultural productivity everywhere and find that the inter-sectoral gap is positively associated with income inequality. The effect is negligible in agrarian and advanced economies but powerful in dual beginner economies: an increase of 1% in the inter-sectoral gap increases income inequality by 0.5%. The effect peters out in dual intermediate economies and disappears completely in dual advanced economies. Finally, redistribution has been the key to compensating the losers in the income changes, particularly for those entering the non-agricultural economy.

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