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Hrytsyshen, Dymytrii, Iryna Suprunova, and Serhii Lysak. "Класифікація економічної злочинності для цілей державного управління в контексті забезпечення державної безпеки." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 4(37) (2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2020.4(37).9-25.
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Classification is a special general scientific method of scientific research, which allows to establish the properties of the object of study both for the purposes of own research and for the purposes of forming new scientific knowledge. The classification model allows you to approach the object of public administration in a complex and take into account all the properties in further research. Classification as a method of study has a dual meaning for the researcher: from the outside, it is a method that contributes to the study of the system and order; from the internal, it is a technique that determines the completeness and correctness of the conclusions of the study. Classification of economic crimes from the standpoint of public administration will fully assess their properties, which determine the level of threat to national security. Economic crime is not a new phenomenon in Ukraine or in the world. Accordingly, the issue of economic crime has interested scientists for quite some time. The article investigates and systematizes the classification of economic crime in scientific and educational literature. Based on the presented approaches to the classification of economic crimes in scientific, reference and educational literature, the directions of their systematization were determined: by general components of economic activity: by violation of principles of economic activity, by sphere of economic relations. by the spheres of public relations that regulate economic activity, by the content of the committed crime, by the way of committing the crime, by the subjective features. The approaches proposed by scientists to the classification of economic crime are mostly determined by criminal law in force in a country, and therefore do not fully meet the objectives of public administration in the context of combating economic crime as a threat to national security. That is why the author's classification model of economic crime was developed for the purposes of public administration. The presented classification model of economic crime allows to approach economic crime as an object of public administration in a complex and to consider all properties at formation of innovative mechanisms of counteraction.
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Lehmann, Wolfgang. "Is Germany's Dual System Still a Model for Canadian Youth Apprenticeship Initiatives?" Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 26, no. 2 (June 2000): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3552557.
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Bruno, Andreina. "The “organizing” paradigm in public administration: learning by focusing on customer orientation." Journal of Workplace Learning 30, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-01-2018-0027.
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Purpose Public Administration complexity derives from the dual character of the public sector, that is to be a means of delivery and an element of societal self-governance. The bureaucratic framework is a way to address this tension, while simultaneously public administration needs to focus on a more processual view of the organization to improve service quality. Training could be a key point to sustain such a transition, by focusing on customer orientation. The purpose of the study is to explore whether a training device focused on customer orientation could develop employees’ theory on organization as being process-oriented, i.e. “organizing”. Design/methodology/approach The longitudinal study is on a training case study in Italy. Participating in the training course were 34 employees belonging to 16 Public Administrations. Data on participants’ organization representations were collected at the beginning and at the end of the course through the SWOT matrix. Data analysis used a quali-quantitative approach. Findings Findings show a shift to viewing the service organization as a process implicated in uncertainties and unpredictable events rather than the realization of an ideal model. Originality/value The study contributes to highlight the need for a practical focus on the conceptualization of organization in training, as the term “organization” is often under described or treated as an end in itself.
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David, Prabu, Susan Kline, and Yang Dai. "Corporate Social Responsibility Practices, Corporate Identity, and Purchase Intention: A Dual-Process Model." Journal of Public Relations Research 17, no. 3 (July 2005): 291–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1703_4.
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Wu, Jihong, Weizheng Chen, and Yun Liu. "An I-P/C model of employee-organization relationship: A dual perspective." Frontiers of Business Research in China 4, no. 4 (November 19, 2010): 630–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11782-010-0114-z.
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Azevedo, Ricardo Rocha de, and José Alexandre Magrini Pigatto. "Raízes da contabilidade orçamentária e patrimonial no Brasil." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 1 (January 2020): 32–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220180155.
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Abstract This article presents evidence of Italian influences on the Brazilian Public Sector Accounting in the early twentieth century, using the analytically structured history approach and the institutional theory. The study presents the institutional work developed by accountant Carlos de Carvalho in employing a new accounting methodology at the time. The article proposes a new perspective on the literature on the history of accounting in Brazil, suggesting that the emergence of budgetary and financial accounting was due to the innovation of local practices in a municipality of the state of São Paulo, and then expanded to the entire state, influenced by the Italian legal doctrine. Therefore, the use of dual accounting in Brazil during the early twentieth century was first disseminated in practice and transformed into legislation afterward. The Italian roots that influenced this movement are present in the current model, which is being reviewed by the current process of convergence to international IPSAS standards.
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Azevedo, Ricardo Rocha de, and José Alexandre Magrini Pigatto. "The roots of budgetary and financial accounting in Brazil." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 1 (January 2020): 32–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220180155x.
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Abstract This article presents evidence of Italian influences on the Brazilian Public Sector Accounting in the early twentieth century, using the analytically structured history approach and the institutional theory. The study presents the institutional work developed by accountant Carlos de Carvalho in employing a new accounting methodology at the time. The article proposes a new perspective on the literature on the history of accounting in Brazil, suggesting that the emergence of budgetary and financial accounting was due to the innovation of local practices in a municipality of the state of São Paulo, and then expanded to the entire state, influenced by the Italian legal doctrine. Therefore, the use of dual accounting in Brazil during the early twentieth century was first disseminated in practice and transformed into legislation afterward. The Italian roots that influenced this movement are present in the current model, which is being reviewed by the current process of convergence to international IPSAS standards.
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Tektas, Arzu, and Asli Deniz Helvacioglu Kuyucu. "The Policy and Efficiency Analysis of EU Pre-Accession Funds in Turkey." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2010): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/8.2.161-183(2010).
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This article focuses on multi level governance (MLG) in Turkey by examining EU pre-accession funds by developing an interdisciplinary, multidimensional approach integrating vertical and horizontal relations at different levels of governance with the main principles (concentration; programming; partnership and additionality) of EU structural funds. It analyzes the dual governance structure on the efficient utilization of EU funds allocated to 191 municipality and local authority projects executed under two calls covering seven NUTS II regions and twenty cities in Turkey and demonstrates the differences in efficiency levels by using an empirical approach. Results show that pre-accession funds promote the formation of an EU-model MLG structure by generating new forms of relations among the authorities at different levels.
KEYWORDS: • multi-level governance • efficiency analysis • DEA • EU pre-accession funds • Turkey
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Jakimowicz, Aleksander, and Daniel Rzeczkowski. "New Measure of Economic Development Based on the Four-Colour Theorem." Entropy 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23010061.
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The location quotient is one of the basic quantitative tools for identifying the regional poles and the turnpikes of economic growth in spatial economy. The disadvantage of this traditional measure is the limited scope of economic information contained in it. The new measure of economic development proposed in the article encompasses a complex spectrum of phenomena in one number, as it takes into account the influence of the public administration sector, as well as top technology in the form of ICT and its practical business models. It also takes into account the digital prosumption and the platforms for participation. The participation platforms in the public administration sector are the websites of municipal public administration offices. A cluster analysis was used to distinguish four quality classes of these websites. These classes were assigned four different colours, which were then used to draw up a map of the selected province. Each municipality is marked with a colour that corresponds to the quality class of the website of the state administration office operating on its territory. The colour system resulting from the four-colour theorem and the corresponding dual graph play the role of a reference system in relation to each empirical colour distribution and another dual graph related to it. The measure of the economic development of a region is the degree of reduction of the dual graph corresponding to the empirical distribution of colours, which identifies the actual growth poles and determines the routes of growth. The presented indicator better and more precisely identifies poles and routes of economic growth than the traditional location quotient.
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Malandrino, Ornella, Daniela Sica, and Stefania Supino. "The Role of Public Administration in Sustainable Urban Development: Evidence from Italy." Smart Cities 2, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities2010006.
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The commitment to improve energy and environmental performance in public administration is essential for the development models geared towards lasting sustainability. The Public Administration (PA) in Italy, in particular, plays a key role to affirm models oriented towards energy and environmental sustainability, thanks to a wider and more innovative approach. The PA has a dual consumer/user role, public heritage, and decision maker/planner, in promoting energy efficiency at the local level, in the light of specific problems and peculiarities. For several decades, initiatives have been launched at various levels to improve energy and environmental performance in the public administration. The aim of this study is to outline, from a critical perspective, the state of the art policy makers in Italy about energy efficiency measures in public administration. There are, however, many cultural, value-related, financial, technological, institutional, and operational issues in the PA sector that limit investments in energy efficiency. It should be noted that if, on the one hand, the PA shows a lack of knowledge and is unwilling to adopt practices and systemic tools for monitoring and control, and on the other, in terms of bureaucracy, the system appears to be far too complicated and costly. The multiple benefits linked to improved energy performance would therefore require that the PA rethink their organizational and functional models, put in place more flexible and less bureaucratic forms of management and a more dynamic, pervasive, and proactive approach towards initiatives that promote energy efficiency. The research is a contribution towards identifying the driving forces behind potential systems and tools for energy efficiency in the PA, highlighting both critical elements and opportunities, and in particular, the limits deriving from the technological, managerial, and organizational options available for energy efficiency enhancement in the sector of the Italian PA.
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GUO, BAORONG, JIN HUANG, MICHAEL SHERRADEN, and LI ZOU. "Dual Incentives and Dual Asset Building: Policy Implications of the Hutubi Rural Social Security Loan Programme in China." Journal of Social Policy 37, no. 3 (July 2008): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408001992.
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AbstractThe Hutubi Rural Social Security Loan programme is a policy innovation in a rural area of China, which loans savings in social security accounts back to peasants for them to buy assets for agricultural and other development. In contrast to the nationwide recession in rural social security, this programme has shown its success in proliferating rural social security funds and retaining social security participants. With a focus on the administrative data of the loan programme, this study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the loan programme and examine how asset building is possible for the poor when institutional incentives are offered. The findings show that when proper policy incentives are provided, poor peasants can build assets. The Hutubi programme may be a good model for other rural areas in China and other developing countries.
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Zeitlin, Larry, Joan B. Geisbert, Daniel J. Deer, Karla A. Fenton, Ognian Bohorov, Natasha Bohorova, Charles Goodman, et al. "Monoclonal antibody therapy for Junin virus infection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 16 (April 4, 2016): 4458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600996113.
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Countermeasures against potential biothreat agents remain important to US Homeland Security, and many of these pharmaceuticals could have dual use in the improvement of global public health. Junin virus, the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), is an arenavirus identified as a category A high-priority agent. There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs available for preventing or treating AHF, and the current treatment option is limited to administration of immune plasma. Whereas immune plasma demonstrates the feasibility of passive immunotherapy, it is limited in quantity, variable in quality, and poses safety risks such as transmission of transfusion-borne diseases. In an effort to develop a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based alternative to plasma, three previously described neutralizing murine mAbs were expressed as mouse-human chimeric antibodies and evaluated in the guinea pig model of AHF. These mAbs provided 100% protection against lethal challenge when administered 2 d after infection (dpi), and one of them (J199) was capable of providing 100% protection when treatment was initiated 6 dpi and 92% protection when initiated 7 dpi. The efficacy of J199 is superior to that previously described for all other evaluated drugs, and its high potency suggests that mAbs like J199 offer an economical alternative to immune plasma and an effective dual use (bioterrorism/public health) therapeutic.
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Smith, Wendy K., and Marya L. Besharov. "Bowing before Dual Gods: How Structured Flexibility Sustains Organizational Hybridity." Administrative Science Quarterly 64, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839217750826.
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Organizations increasingly grapple with hybridity—the combination of identities, forms, logics, or other core elements that would conventionally not go together. Drawing on in-depth longitudinal data from the first ten years of a successful social enterprise—Digital Divide Data, founded in Cambodia—we induce an empirically grounded model of sustaining hybridity over time through structured flexibility: the interaction of stable organizational features and adaptive enactment processes. We identify two stable features—paradoxical frames, involving leaders’ cognitive understandings of the two sides of a hybrid as both contradictory and interdependent, and guardrails, consisting of formal structures, leadership expertise, and stakeholder relationships associated with each side—that together facilitate ongoing adaptation in the meanings and practices of dual elements, sustaining both elements over time. Our structured flexibility model reorients research away from focusing on either stable or adaptive approaches to sustaining hybridity toward understanding their interaction, with implications for scholarship on hybridity, duality, and adaptation more broadly.
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Leira, Arnlaug. "Mothers, Markets and the State: A Scandinavian ‘Model’?" Journal of Social Policy 22, no. 3 (July 1993): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400019565.
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ABSTRACTIn Denmark, Norway and Sweden mothers of young children have a higher employment rate than have the mothers of other Western European countries. To make high quality childcare universally available is regarded as a national concern, and as part of the welfare state commitment. It is also often regarded as a precondition of mothers' employment. The modes of state intervention and the structure of child-care provision are basically the same in all three countries, yet this paper questions the commonly made assumption that Scandinavian reproduction policies are developed in accordance with one common model. The interrelationship between welfare state, market and family differs between the countries. While in Denmark and Sweden national policies supported the dual role of mothers in production and social reproduction, this was not the case in Norwegian policies in which the concept of the employed mother made only modest impact. Not surprisingly, Denmark and Sweden are more successful in approaching national aims for provision of childcare and also in facilitating mothers' labour market participation.
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Max, Wendy B., Hai-Yen Sung, James Lightwood, Yingning Wang, and Tingting Yao. "Modelling the impact of a new tobacco product: review of Philip Morris International’s Population Health Impact Model as applied to the IQOS heated tobacco product." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (October 1, 2018): s82—s86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054572.
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ObjectivesWe review the Population Health Impact Model (PHIM) developed by Philip Morris International and used in its application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market its heated tobacco product (HTP), IQOS, as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP). We assess the model against FDA guidelines for MRTP applications and consider more general criteria for evaluating reduced-risk tobacco products.MethodsIn assessing the PHIM against FDA guidelines, we consider two key components of the model: the assumptions implicit in the model (outcomes included, relative harm of the new product vs cigarettes, tobacco-related diseases considered, whether dual or polyuse of the new product is modelled, and what other tobacco products are included) and data used to estimate and validate model parameters (transition rates between non-smoking, cigarette-only smoking, dual use of cigarettes and MRTP, and MRTP-only use; and starting tobacco use prevalence).ResultsThe PHIM is a dynamic state transition model which models the impact of cigarette and MRTP use on mortality from four tobacco-attributable diseases. The PHIM excludes morbidity, underestimates mortality, excludes tobacco products other than cigarettes, does not include FDA-recommended impacts on non-users and underestimates the impact on other population groups.ConclusionThe PHIM underestimates the health impact of HTP products and cannot be used to justify an MRTP claim. An assessment of the impact of a potential MRTP on population health should include a comprehensive measure of health impacts, consideration of all groups impacted, and documented and justifiable assumptions regarding model parameters.
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Guerrero, Maribel, Fernando Herrera, and David Urbano. "Strategic knowledge management within subsidised entrepreneurial university-industry partnerships." Management Decision 57, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 3280–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2018-1126.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse how collaborative/opportunistic behaviours within subsidised university-industry partnerships are influencing the design/implementation of strategic knowledge management practices in emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach The proposed conceptual model was analysed with a retrospective multiple case study approach integrated by four subsidised entrepreneurial universities-industry partnerships of the Incentive Programme for Innovation from 2009 to 2014 in Mexico. Findings Entrepreneurial universities and industrial organisations confirm insights about dual collaborative-opportunistic behaviour within subsidised partnerships. The main effects of behaviours represent an increment in the knowledge management costs during the monitoring stages. The ex ante collaboration agreement anticipated and protected intellectual capabilities. Research limitations/implications This research contributes to the ongoing discussion about public administrations’ opportunistic behaviours in emerging economies (Tripsas et al., 1995), the effectiveness of the innovation and entrepreneurial programmes (Guerrero and Urbano, 2019b), and the link between dual behaviours (collaborative and opportunistic) and knowledge management practices (de Wit-de Vries et al., 2018). Practical implications New questions emerged about the effectiveness of subsidies as new modes of knowledge generation among entrepreneurial universities and industrial organisations, as well as the need for implementing strategic knowledge management practices in the public administration. Social implications For policymakers, the study presents insights about the effectiveness of public resources. Policymakers should understand challenges and re-define/re-incentivize the productive value chain as well as implement mechanisms to control opportunistic behaviours on potential subsidised firms. Originality/value The paper contributes to the academic debate about how entrepreneurial universities and industrial organisations are strategically managing their knowledge when participating in subsidised partnerships in emerging economies.
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Kincaid, John, and J. Wesley Leckrone. "Partisan Fractures in U.S. Federalism’s COVID-19 Policy Responses." State and Local Government Review 52, no. 4 (December 2020): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x20986842.
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The comparatively poor U.S. response to COVID-19 was not due to federal inaction or a flawed federal system per se but to party polarization and presidential and gubernatorial preferences that frustrated federalism’s capacity to respond more effectively. The U.S. response is examined in terms of four models: coercive or regulatory federalism, nationalist cooperative federalism, non-centralized cooperative federalism, and dual federalism--finding that state-led dual federalism was the predominant response. The crisis also raised questions about interpretations of “federal inaction” because party divisions led some to regard the federal government’s response as inadequate while others viewed it as appropriate.
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Dobbins, Michael. "Convergent or divergent Europeanization? An analysis of higher education governance reforms in France and Italy." International Review of Administrative Sciences 83, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315580498.
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This article comparatively examines the higher education reform pathways of France and Italy. Using a scheme of empirical indicators, I focus on the divergent and convergent developments in these two countries, which played a pioneering role in the Europeanization of higher education. While France has consistently moved closer to a market-oriented model, legacies of academic self-rule were initially strengthened in Italy, before recent reforms aimed to crack down on academic power abuses. To explain these policy pathways, I pursue a dual theoretical argument by linking institutional isomorphism with historical institutionalism. Points for practitioners The article examines the changing structures of higher education management and administration in France and Italy. It focuses on the new roles attributed to the state, university leaders and external stakeholders, and addresses whether both systems have converged on a market-oriented paradigm. I explain how and why various new competitive steering instruments were introduced. The analysis should be of interest to both scholars and practitioners due to its focus on new power arrangements in quality assurance, university administration and research governance.
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Bennett, Fran. "Transforming gender and family relations: how active labour market policies shaped the dual earner model By AsaLundqvist, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2017. ISBN: 9781786436283; £70 (Hbk)." Social Policy & Administration 53, no. 5 (June 6, 2019): 815–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spol.12511.
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Johnston, Denis F. "Some Reflections on the United States." Journal of Public Policy 9, no. 4 (October 1989): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00008308.
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In retrospect, I think that the fate that befell the social indicators ‘movement's rich array of economic statistics and related measures were simply inadequate indicators of emerging developments and issues under prevailing conditions of rapid social change and severe social strains. The felt need was for more adequate monitoring and reporting of social conditions and processes – implying a need to develop improved measures of these phenomena, together with expanded data collection capabilities. Thus the dual goals of the social indicators movement were apparent from the start: to establish an improved social reporting capability as soon as possible, and to encourage longer-term research and development in the general area of social, measurement and model-building. It may be helpful, therefore, to consider the outcome of these two efforts separately.
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Petriglieri, Jennifer Louise, and Otilia Obodaru. "Secure-base Relationships as Drivers of Professional Identity Development in Dual-career Couples." Administrative Science Quarterly 64, no. 3 (June 7, 2018): 694–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839218783174.
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Through a qualitative study of 50 dual-career couples, we examine how partners in such couples shape the development of each other’s professional identities and how they experience and interpret the relationship between those identities. We found that the extent to which and how partners shaped each other’s professional identities depended on the couple’s attachment structure, that is, whether one partner—or both—experienced the other as a secure base. Someone comes to regard another person as a secure base when he or she experiences the other as both dependably supportive and encouraging of his or her exploratory behavior. Couples who had a unidirectional secure-base structure experienced conflict between the development of their professional identities. The partner who received a secure base pursued ongoing professional identity development, while the partner who provided a secure base foreclosed it. Couples who had a bidirectional secure-base structure experienced mutual enhancement of their professional identity development. Both partners engaged in it and expanded their professional identity by incorporating attributes of their partner’s. Building on these findings, we develop a model of professional identity co-construction in secure-base relationships that breaks new theoretical ground by exploring interpersonal identity relationships and highlighting their roots in the secure-base structure of a dyadic relationship.
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Jamil, Zehra, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Romana Idress, Zubair Ahmed, Kamran Sadiq, Indika Mallawaarachchi, Junaid Iqbal, et al. "Gut integrity and duodenal enteropathogen burden in undernourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e0009584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009584.
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Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical condition of intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction and malabsorption associated with growth faltering in children living in poverty. This study explores association of altered duodenal permeability (lactulose, rhamnose and their ratio) with higher burden of enteropathogen in the duodenal aspirate, altered histopathological findings and higher morbidity (diarrhea) that is collectively associated with linear growth faltering in children living in EED endemic setting. In a longitudinal birth cohort, 51 controls (WHZ > 0, HAZ > −1.0) and 63 cases (WHZ< -2.0, refractory to nutritional intervention) were recruited. Anthropometry and morbidity were recorded on monthly bases up to 24 months of age. Dual sugar assay of urine collected after oral administration of lactulose and rhamnose was assessed in 96 children from both the groups. Duodenal histopathology (n = 63) and enteropathogen analysis of aspirate via Taqman array card (n = 60) was assessed in only cases. Giardia was the most frequent pathogen and was associated with raised L:R ratio (p = 0.068). Gastric microscopy was more sensitive than duodenal aspirate in H. pylori detection. Microscopically confirmed H. pylori negatively correlated with HAZ at 24 months (r = −0.313, p = 0.013). Regarding histopathological parameters, goblet cell reduction significantly correlated with decline in dual sugar excretion (p< 0.05). Between cases and controls, there were no significant differences in the median (25th, 75th percentile) of urinary concentrations (μg/ml) of lactulose [27.0 (11.50, 59.50) for cases vs. 38.0 (12.0, 61.0) for controls], rhamnose [66.0 (28.0, 178.0) vs. 86.5 (29.5, 190.5)] and L:R ratio [0.47 (0.24, 0.90) vs. 0.51 (0.31, 0.71)] respectively. In multivariable regression model, 31% of variability in HAZ at 24 months of age among cases and controls was explained by final model including dual sugars. In conclusion, enteropathogen burden is associated with altered histopathological features and intestinal permeability. In cases and controls living in settings of endemic enteropathy, intestinal permeability test may predict linear growth. However, for adoption as a screening tool for EED, further validation is required due to its complex intestinal pathophysiology.
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Bobryk, Oleksandr. "Financial independence of local self-government authorities in the context of budget decentralization." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 27 (2020): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-27-75-87.
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The article deals with the problem of independence / dependence of local self-government of the Slovak Republic in the context of financial reform and budget decentralization. Financial reform and budget decentralization, as reform ideologues in Slovakia, have been defined as an opportunity to ensure the independence of local self-government. In general, administrative reform in the Slovak Republic can be divided into three stages. At the first stage (1990-1993) the basic level of self-government - communities (municipalities) was determined and the division into state administration and local self-government was carried out. There was a separation from the Soviet model of public administration, local self-government was given the powers defined by law. However, in financial terms, most communities remain dependent on central budget resources. At the second stage of reforms (1993-1998) a dual system began to emerge - when local self-government and public administration coexisted. In general, such a system allowed the state to have a major influence on local government decision-making and to redistribute community resources manually. The third stage of reforms (1998-2005) is characterized by extreme reforms. The powers of public administration and local self-government were clearly shared. In the process of deconcentration of power, most of the powers were gradually transferred from state government to local government. Local self-government remained at two levels: community (municipality) - base level and territories – higher, land level. At the same time, public administration was maintained at the sub-level – the district (okres), average between communities and territories. An important problem of financial reform and budgetary decentralization was ensuring the independence of local budgets. As a result of the reform, a tax was defined - a personal income tax, which was distributed in some proportion between the community budget, the territory budget and the central budget. An exclusive list of taxes that could be charged on the benefit of communities and provinces was determined. Therefore, they received guaranteed sources of budget revenue. We have analyzed the effectiveness of budgetary decentralization on two criteria: the guaranteed budget revenues and the level of financial independence / dependence of local government budgets. In Slovakia, local government has guaranteed sources of revenue. It is both the right to charge one's own taxes and the distribution of the personal income tax. This system has been stable since 2005 and has not changed. However, the analysis of revenue receipts showed that the budgets of the region are very dependent on resources from the central budget. That is, they do not have enough revenue receipts from the sources defined by law. Community budgets show greater independence by having more tools to pump up their budgets.
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Lambini, Cosmas Kombat, Angelina Goeschl, Max Wäsch, and Martin Wittau. "Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through Company Staff Vocational Training—The Case of the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) INEBB Project." Education Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11040179.
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Education for sustainable development (ESD) plays a significant role in achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and simultaneously tackling the current global ecological challenges. Integration of ESD in Vocational Education and Training (VET) offers opportunities for private sector actors to contribute to reaching these global goals. The dual structure of business-integrated training in Germany further exemplifies a business case and the numerous opportunities available to private companies for engaging with the SDG framework. This briefing paper highlighted available evidence from the ESD literature on VET skills development in advancing the SDGs. Outcomes from best practices were based on the tried-and-tested länder—federal states—piloted vocational training of the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) INEBB1 project (INEBB), demonstrating the conditions necessary for vocational education training in sustainability and plausible transfer mechanism within companies. These conditions included (1) the application of deductive concepts, (2) the establishment of blended-learning platforms (place-based and digital), and (3) the adaptation of the criteria and contents from the German Sustainability Codex (DNK) in curriculums designed for the training. This innovative vocational course and certification as specialist training for sustainable development was a model case in bringing the SDGs closer to German companies’ vocational education. INEBB2 sought to upscale applicable and task-based instructions from the experimented model project INEBB1 within different companies through regional, lateral, and vertical transfer strands. The INEBB project model in the review suggested there was a need for further empirical work and policy discourse on educational transfer research in the framework of VET for sustainable development. The INEBB project model integrated the new standard occupational profile items of the environmental protection and the sustainability and digitalised world of work across occupational competencies in the German dual system of vocational education and training that will come into force in August 2021 for all 326 dual training professions.
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BIRKETT, GEMMA. "Solving Her Problems? Beyond the Seductive Appeal of Specialist Problem-Solving Courts for Women Offenders in England and Wales." Journal of Social Policy 50, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000989.
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AbstractAt the nexus of the social and penal policy fields, problem-solving justice promises to punish offenders while working to address the complex issues that drive their law-breaking behaviour. Appealing to the left and right due to its dual focus on pragmatism and welfarism, the concept has floated in and out of political fashion for the past two decades. Recent years have heralded a renewed political interest in the approach, closely aligned to the Conservative government’s commitment to ‘transforming justice’. With a focus on empowerment and collaboration, the problem-solving model has much to offer women offenders in particular. Drawing on data from a large-scale study into the sentencing and punishment of women under the new probation arrangements, this article reveals a divergence of views on gender-specific courts among sentencers, probation officers and third sector workers. Moral concerns about up-tariffing sit alongside the practical barriers of government bureaucracy and hindering legislation. With data pertaining to effectiveness (rather than potential) still required, this article argues that specialist problem-solving courts for women present a risky strategy, however seductive their promise.
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Papcunová, Viera, Jarmila Hudáková, Michaela Štubňová, and Marta Urbaníková. "Revenues of Municipalities as a Tool of Local Self-Government Development (Comparative Study)." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10040101.
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A municipality’s budget is a tool that significantly affects the long-term economic potential of the area. In addition, it is an important tool for the management of the municipality, in relation to the effective provision of public services for inhabitants. To ensure them, it uses the revenues that the local self-government receives from various sources. The aim of the paper is to characterize and to compare the mechanism of creating revenues of the local self-government in the Slovak and Czech Republic and, at the same time, to analyze the relationships between individual groups of local revenues in the time period 2009–2018. We analyzed the basic groups of municipal revenues: total revenues, current revenues, and capital revenues. For the analysis, we used selected mathematical–statistical methods (trend lines, correlation coefficient). Although both countries were part of one country, both have a dual model of public administration and have undergone fiscal decentralization; the structure and sources of local self-government revenues are different. However, a common attribute is the dependence of local self-government on state revenues. Tax revenues are the most important part of current budget revenues. Despite fiscal decentralization, local budget revenues are dependent on the state. In the Slovak Republic, share taxes from the state represent 74% of the total tax revenues of municipalities, and in the Czech Republic, 85% of the total tax revenues of municipalities.
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Shen, J., and N. A. Spence. "Trends in Labour Supply and the Future of Employment in China." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 13, no. 3 (September 1995): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c130361.
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An accounts-based population model for making population projections for the urban and rural areas of China was developed and reported on in detail in an earlier paper. In this paper the implications of the broad trends in population and labour-force growth over the next fifty years for the employment position in China will be discussed. Unemployment and underemployment are problems facing China today. Ongoing economic reform in the employment system runs the risk of rapidly increasing the number of unemployed, especially in urban China. In this paper, the following main dimensions of the employment problem in China will be discussed: Labour-resource utilization and employment structure, the dual employment system between urban and rural areas, unemployment and underemployment, employment-system reform, and labour-force quality and training.
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Li, Jianliang, Chaolu Wang, Lin Song, Shuzhen Cai, Zhiyong Li, and Ya Tu. "The Potential Mechanism of Wuwei Qingzhuo San against Hyperlipidemia Based on TCM Network Pharmacology and Validation Experiments in Hyperlipidemia Hamster." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5369025.
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Wuwei Qingzuo San (WWQZS), as a renowned traditional Mongolian patent medicine approved by Chinese State Food and Drug Administration, is used to treat hyperlipidemia, indigestion, and other ailments related to disorder of production of essence and phlegm, a typical abnormal metabolism of blood in traditional Mongolian medicine. A combination of network pharmacology and validation experiments in hyperlipidemia hamster is used to understand the potential mechanism of WWQZS for hypolipidemic effects, further for an integrated concept of traditional theory, bioactive constituents, and molecular mechanism for TMM. Through network pharmacology, we obtained 212 components, 219 predicted targets, and 349 known hyperlipidemia-related targets form public database and used Metascape to carry out enrichment analysis of 43 potential and 45 candidate targets to imply numerous BP concerned with metabolism of lipid, regulation of kinases and MF related to lipid binding, phosphatase binding, and receptor ligand activity that are involved in anti-hyperlipidemia. In addition, KEGG pathways that explicated hypolipidemic effect were involved in pathways including metabolism associated with kinase function according to MAPK signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Meanwhile, in HFD-induced hamster model, WWQZS could significantly reduce TC and ALT and help decrease TG, LDL-C as well; liver pathological section implied that WWQZS could relieve liver damage and lipid accumulation. Western blot indicated that WWQZS may upregulate CYP7A1 and activate AMPK to suppress the expression of HMGCR in livers. In conclusion, our results suggest that WWQSZS plays important dual hypolipidemic and liver-protective role in livers in HFD-induced hamster model. Through this research, a new reference is also provided to other researches in the study of ethnopharmacology.
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Ulo, Karina Lia Meirita, Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, Puspa Indahati Sandhyaduhita, Widia Resti Fitriani, Meyliana Meyliana, and Zaenal Abidin. "Factors influencing internet users’ intention to sign e-petitions." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 13, no. 3/4 (August 8, 2019): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-01-2019-0006.
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Purpose This study aims to identify factors behind the intention to sign e-petitions, focusing on three aspects, i.e. information (argument quality), the source of information (source credibility) and personal perspective (personal relevance and altruism). Design/methodology/approach Data collection is done by using a quantitative approach through an online questionnaire. This study involved 211 respondents who were internet users in Indonesia who had signed an e-petition. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling approach with IBM Amos version 22.0. Findings The findings revealed that there are three factors shaping internet users’ attitudes toward e-petitions, namely, altruism, AQ and personal relevance, of which altruism was the strongest factor. Those who have a positive attitude toward e-petitions seemed to have higher intention to sign e-petitions. Additionally, we discovered that internet users believe credible e-petition initiators deliver better arguments, which drive them to sign e-petitions. Research limitations/implications The finding related to elaboration likelihood model has revealed that not only the dual processing of central routes and peripheral routes but also the possibility of peripheral routes influencing the factors in the central route. Hence, future studies need to include the examination of this relation. Finally, altruism is identified as the major factor that influences people to sign e-petitions. Therefore, people should be aware of this factor while examining the environment that likely has voluntary aspects. Practical implications To improve the adoption of the e-petition system, it is important for the e-petition websites to maintain attitude factors to achieve the e-petition goals. It is also important that e-petition websites provide credibility information of the e-petition initiators and make it visible to everyone. The e-petition sites must be able to be personalized so that users can be categorized based on their profiles or interests. Finally, as altruism is the most influencing factor in shaping internet users’ attitude toward e-petitions, e-petition initiators need to write a persuasive and arousing information and images for their e-petition. Some templates, tips or even online training to persuasive public petitions also need to be provided. Originality/value This study attempts to fill the research gap by examining factors from three domains, i.e. information source (the e-petitioners), information/AQ and personal perspective (personal motivation) of the e-petition signers. The authors enrich the research model with altruism factors that influence attitude in signing petitions. This study illustrates the characteristic of Indonesian internet user’s and provides important implications for how the e-petitions site should improve the functionality of the sites.
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Timberlake, David S., Dmitriy Nikitin, Jennifer Garcia-Cano, Samantha Cino, Margarita Savkina, and Cornelia Pechmann. "Linking the content to demographic reach of online advertising of electronic nicotine delivery systems." Tobacco Control 27, no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053473.
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IntroductionRecent studies have separately examined the content and demographic reach of the advertising of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). No study to our knowledge has linked the two in investigating whether racial/ethnic groups are differentially exposed to the comparative messages conveyed in online ENDS advertisements.Methods932 unique ENDS advertisements (6311 total), which were posted on 3435 websites between December, 2009 and October, 2015, were categorized as either comparative or non-comparative with respect to the traditional cigarette. The race/ethnicity of website visitors was obtained from a proprietary source and used in constructing variables for racial/ethnic viewership. The variables for advertising content and website racial/ethnic viewership were then linked yielding a final sample of 551 unique ENDS advertisements (2498 total) on 1206 websites. A two-level hierarchical generalized linear model, used in estimating website racial/ethnic viewership as a predictor of comparative advertising, accounted for the nesting of advertisements (level 1) within 152 ENDS brands (level 2).ResultsIn contrast to racial/ethnic minorities, a greater proportion of non-Hispanic whites visited websites with ENDS advertisements than the overall proportion of nonHispanic white U.S. Internet users. Yet, it was the advertisements on websites that appealed to Hispanics that had greater odds of comparing ENDS to traditional cigarettes.ConclusionsThe lower exposure to ENDS advertising among racial/ethnic minorities versus non-Hispanic whites is consistent with survey data. Yet, the greater odds of comparative advertising of ENDS on websites that appeal to racial/ethnic minorities (ie, Hispanics) could impact the longterm health of minority smokers.ImplicationsThis study’s findings have important implications for the uptake of ENDS among minority smokers. If the comparative advertising yields greater interest and eventual use of ENDS, then minority smokers could either benefit from smoking cessation because they switch to ENDS, or adopt dual tobacco use. The fate of comparative advertising of ENDS versus the traditional cigarette will depend on the Food and Drug Administration enforcement of its deeming rules and the ensuing changes in the ENDS marketplace.
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Sanders, William, and Douglas McHugh. "Pre-Clerkship Medical Students’ Experiences and Perspectives of System 1 and System 2 Thinking: A Qualitative Study." Education Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11020034.
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Dual-process theories may be invoked to explain how physicians interact with, interpret, and draw inferences from clinical information. Stanovich and West’s model articulates two kinds of thinking—intuitive-based System 1 and analytical-based System 2—which have been under-investigated with physicians in training. This qualitative study explored pre-clerkship medical students’ retrospective perspectives and experiences of System 1 and System 2 thinking via 12 semi-structured interviews and abductive, progressive focusing. Participants identified patient interactions, clinical note writing, knowledge synthesis, problem list and differential diagnosis generation, evaluating evidence, and critical appraisal of literature as pre-clerkship opportunities to engage in System 1 or System 2 thinking. Six major themes emerged from analysis of participants’ interview transcripts: cognitive processes, deliberate practice, learning environment: being alone or being together, stickiness factor, biases and heuristics, and prior experience of attaining competence. Participants valued the anticipated role that System 1 and System 2 thinking will play in their future practice, and experienced nascent, self-regulated development of these cognitive processes during the pre-clerkship phase of their education without formal feedback or coaching from clinician preceptors. Pre-clerkship curricula should further embrace low-stakes, incremental teaching on metacognition and continuous monitoring of knowledge processing as a key competency for physician learners.
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Bou Malham, Sarah, Benjamin Bowe, Sumon K. Sen, Rong Mei Zhang, Barbara Sterkel, and Julia P. Dunn. "Predictors and Outcomes Associated With Adherence to Weekly Alendronate in US Military Veterans: Clinical Research Study." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 10 (January 2019): 215013271988430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132719884300.
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Background: Poor adherence to oral bisphosphonates is a challenge to treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. The Veterans Health Administration (VA) operates the largest integrated health care system in the United States and offers certain advantages to possibly improve medication adherence. We aimed to determine adherence to weekly alendronate for osteoporosis in Veterans, and investigate predictors and outcomes related to adherence. Methods: A retrospective study cohort was generated from VA databases selecting Veterans who were treated with weekly alendronate. Adherence was measured by medication possession ratio (MPR) and persistence. Two groups were defined as low and high adherence based on MPR <80% or ≥80%, respectively. Regression models were used to investigate predictors of adherence and included clinically relevant covariates. Further regressions were used to investigate the impact of adherence on change in bone mineral density measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and incident fracture. Results: In a cohort of 913 (female/male, 207/706) Veterans, 48% had high adherence in year 1. Distribution for gender, race, and age were similar between the 2 groups, MPR <80% or MPR ≥80%. Baseline fracture [odds ratio OR: 0.64, 95%CI: (0.41, 0.98)], alcohol abuse [0.40 (0.21, 0.74)] and tobacco use [0.44 (0.31, 0.63)] were associated with low adherence in the unadjusted analyses, but only tobacco use [0.45 (0.30, 0.67)] was associated with low adherence after adjustment. Among males, tobacco use was associated with low adherence while prostate cancer predicted high adherence in adjusted models. High adherence was associated with a 30% [hazard ratio HR: 0.70, 95% CI: (0.47, 1.03)] decreased risk of incident fracture in the whole cohort, and a 40% [0.60 (0.38, 0.95)] decrease risk in males. Conclusion: Year one adherence to weekly alendronate was a relevant determinant to long-term clinical outcomes including changes in bone mineral density and incident fracture in Veterans.
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Skofronick-Jackson, Gail, Walter A. Petersen, Wesley Berg, Chris Kidd, Erich F. Stocker, Dalia B. Kirschbaum, Ramesh Kakar, et al. "The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission for Science and Society." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 1679–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-15-00306.1.
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Abstract Precipitation is a key source of freshwater; therefore, observing global patterns of precipitation and its intensity is important for science, society, and understanding our planet in a changing climate. In 2014, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory (CO) spacecraft. The GPM CO carries the most advanced precipitation sensors currently in space including a dual-frequency precipitation radar provided by JAXA for measuring the three-dimensional structures of precipitation and a well-calibrated, multifrequency passive microwave radiometer that provides wide-swath precipitation data. The GPM CO was designed to measure rain rates from 0.2 to 110.0 mm h−1 and to detect moderate to intense snow events. The GPM CO serves as a reference for unifying the data from a constellation of partner satellites to provide next-generation, merged precipitation estimates globally and with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Through improved measurements of rain and snow, precipitation data from GPM provides new information such as details on precipitation structure and intensity; observations of hurricanes and typhoons as they transition from the tropics to the midlatitudes; data to advance near-real-time hazard assessment for floods, landslides, and droughts; inputs to improve weather and climate models; and insights into agricultural productivity, famine, and public health. Since launch, GPM teams have calibrated satellite instruments, refined precipitation retrieval algorithms, expanded science investigations, and processed and disseminated precipitation data for a range of applications. The current status of GPM, its ongoing science, and its future plans are presented.
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Zhuravlev, D. M. "A public administration competence measurement model." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 18, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.18.3.555.
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Subject. This article examines the ratio of the regional government apparatus and the cost of maintaining it in the context of the impact on the region's overall performance. Objectives. The article aims to explore the category of Institutional Environment as a characteristic of the economic efficiency of regional public administration. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparative analysis, economic and mathematical modeling, statistics data processing techniques, and specially designed application software. Results. The article formalizes and describes the category of Institutional Environment and compiles numerical indicators that characterize the basic aspects of its functioning. It also proves the correctness of formalization and quantifies the effectiveness of regional governance by treating the subjects of the Russian Federation, which are part of the Northwestern and Volga Federal Districts, as case studies. Relevance. The practical use of the methodological approaches developed will help address the issues of strategizing in terms of the region's advanced development.
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Urbano, Ryan C. "Public Administration Ethics: James Svara’s Model." Journal of Human Values 20, no. 1 (March 19, 2014): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685813515604.
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Kotov, E. V. "Economic management of the unrecognized Donetsk Republic: legal framework, patterns, prospects." Journal of Law and Administration 15, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2019-2-51-72-80.
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Introduction. The review of individual results of economic management of the state with a special status evidenced by the Donetsk People’s Republic is provided in this article. The newly formed state has to create its own economic management system as a result of the military-political conflict.The conditions of limited opportunities require, on the one hand, taking an account of available opportunities and external constraints for the purpose of providing for current societal needs, and on the other hand – a strategy for a long term economic development, which should contain the development of its own economic model, identification and prediction by the government of future threats and risks, which will provide a correction impact on the socialeconomic system. The more the republic’s economic management system borrows old tools and mechanisms, restores technological chains that have proved their economic futility in the pre-conflict period, the more urgent the solution of this dual problem is. The article provides a brief analysis of the prerequisites for the formation of a management system for the republic’s economy and the consequences of the implementation of its principles.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of this research includes the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of organizational and economic phenomena and processes in the field of public economic administration: comparative method; formal-logical method; statistical method, grouping method, method of analysis and synthesis, substitution method. Results of the research. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the economic management system of a state with a special status requires increased attention, resources and time. Currently, it has passed only the first stages of its formation, has not completed its first stage of organization - the stage of formation. The system of managing the state’s economy with a special status is still in the process of searching for effective mechanisms and instruments of government and determining priority areas for economic development. This explains both attempts to restore outdated technological chains, despite the fact that they demonstrated a devaluation of their economic potential under more favorable conditions, and continuing uncertainty with the choice of an economic development model, when the old mechanisms no longer work and the new ones have not yet been developed.Discussion and conclusions. The drawbacks of the formed system of managing the state economy with a special status, caused by the use of outdated organizational and economic-production principles and tools are shown. The urgency of the development of its own model of economic development in conditions of limited opportunities is grounded.
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Almeida Prado Cestari, José Marcelo, Eduardo de Freitas Rocha Loures, Eduardo Alves Portela Santos, and Hervé Panetto. "A capability model for public administration interoperability." Enterprise Information Systems 14, no. 8 (January 4, 2019): 1071–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2018.1564154.
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Fonseca, Jeferson A., Luciano Z. Pereira, and Carlos A. Gonçalves. "Retórica na construção de realidades na segurança pública: abordagens dos sistemas de Minas Gerais e São Paulo." Revista de Administração Pública 49, no. 2 (April 2015): 395–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612127741.
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A proposta deste artigo é apresentar uma comparação entre duas ações produzidas na gestão pública em segurança: (i) a difusão do modelo da nova gestão pública como substituto "natural" da teoria da burocracia e (ii) a implantação de "novas estratégias e técnicas de gestão" que se deu de modo praticamente concomitante à ação anterior. A demarcação metodológica consistiu em abordagem de natureza qualitativa, com base na pesquisa descritiva, tendo por método o estudo de caso. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, no que tange à possível substituição da teoria da burocracia pelo modelo da nova gestão pública, isso não encontra sustentação na realidade. Também, não se verificam transformações que possam confirmar o esgotamento da teoria da burocracia e o surgimento de uma nova teoria, como preconizam os defensores do modelo da nova gestão pública.
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Neef, C., N. Veldhorst-Janssen, N. Punt, PHM Van der Kuy, and M. Marcus. "PHC-011 Dual Absorption in Intranasal Administration: A New Pharmacokinetic Model." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 20, Suppl 1 (March 2013): A129.1—A129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000276.356.
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Rocha, Arlindo Carvalho. "A realização da accountability em pareceres prévios do Tribunal de Contas de Santa Catarina." Revista de Administração Pública 47, no. 4 (August 2013): 901–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-76122013000400005.
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Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar a realização do potencial de accountability dos pareceres prévios (PP) produzidos pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Santa Catarina (TCE/SC), relativos às contas anuais dos chefes de governos municipais. Tendo como pano de fundo a evidenciação da necessidade de a análise se desdobrar em duas dimensões distintas e a discussão do modelo de análise utilizado, o estudo mostrou que os referidos pareceres prévios pouco realizam do seu potencial de accountability, dado que o TCE/SC pouco avança em relação a esse objetivo, não utilizando nem explorando as possibilidades que a legislação lhe oferece e, portanto, não contribuindo para a materialização da accountability. Por fim, sugerem-se algumas recomendações que poderão servir como diretrizes em futuras pesquisas.
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ŽURGA, Gordana. "Project Management in Public Administration. TPM – Total Project Management Maturity Model. The Case of Slovenian Public Administration." Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, no. 53 E (February 26, 2018): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.53e.9.
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Ohotskii, E. V. "PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: MODERNIZING THE CURRENT MODEL OF STATE MANAGEMENT." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(36) (June 28, 2014): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-115-127.
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Applying the method of retrospective analysis the article deals with the process of forming the scientific fundamentals and the search by the international community of effective and adequate to the current stage of social development public administration system. The author attempts to analyze, in a number of cases in terms of models, features of public administration systems at different stages of historical development, drawing attention to reasons why the Soviet model of public administration did not manage to meet competition, did not provide the required social effect and as a natural result suffered a defeat in the global confrontation between the two social systems. Current models and theoretical concepts of public administration, especially the "new public administration", which became scientific basis for administrative reforms implemented in many countries, are the particular subject of scientific analysis. The author draws attention to major comprehensive characteristics of modern state public administration: making it impossible to absolutize principles of traditional hierarchy system of forced administration; globalization - gradual destruction of boundaries between national and international levels of administration, the growing role of supranational subjects of administration relations; informatization - increasing importance of information and communication technologies and of political networks: development of civil society, especially political parties and non-governmental organizations, growing public involvement in discussion and adoption of the most important administrative decisions; making the state policy more pluralistic and which will result in the formation of nonlinear - humanistic social consciousness as the intellectual basis of modern social governance. The author's position is that Russia is yet to solve the issue of choosing a public administration model that would be effective for further administrative modernization of the country. It seems that for our country any specific model of administration in its pure form, even the one considered to be the most popular in modern science and global practice, is unlikely to fit. Taking into consideration the logic, historical continuity, nonlinearity of modernization reforms and logical determinacy of social systems it looks like we are to integrate the best of the global public administration practice, especially those elements that will actually facilitate the rise of Russia as a modern democratic social law-governed state.
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Stein, Lana. "Dual Strands in Municipal Personnel Administration: Politics and Professionalism." Review of Public Personnel Administration 8, no. 2 (March 1988): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x8800800204.
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Personnel rules are not neutral and for over a century have given preference to either political needs or the reform desire for apolitical expertise. In either case, particular interests have been served. Today's municipal personnel practices reflect both the traditional reform spirit and the changes necessitated by equal opportunity and affirmative action and the desire for greater managerial control. It is a time of transition, with as yet no dominant motif.
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Hauke, Krzysztof. "Processing model in cloud computing in public administration unit." Ekonomiczne Problemy Usług 123 (2016): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/epu.2016.123-12.
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Cheung, Anthony B. L. "CAN THERE BE AN ASIAN MODEL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION?" Public Administration and Development 33, no. 4 (September 18, 2013): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.1660.
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Queiroz, Roberta Graziella Mendes, and Ivan Beck Ckagnazaroff. "Inovação no setor público: uma análise do choque de gestão (2003-10) sob a ótica dos servidores e dos preceitos teóricos relacionados à inovação no setor público." Revista de Administração Pública 44, no. 3 (June 2010): 679–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-76122010000300007.
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Este artigo - de cunho qualitativo e abordagem interpretacionista - analisa o choque de gestão (CG), política de governo do estado de Minas Gerais iniciada em 2003 e com metas previstas até 2023. O principal objetivo foi verificar em que medida o modelo de gestão mineiro inovou tendo em vista duas perspectivas: a opinião dos atores envolvidos na construção, implementação e avaliação do CG, e os preceitos teóricos da inovação no setor público. O quadro teórico de referência levou em consideração as abordagens e perspectivas da mudança organizacional, enfatizando a realidade da inovação na administração pública brasileira. Ao todo, 70 servidores públicos submeteram-se a entrevistas semiestruturadas e tiveram suas percepções coletadas e estudadas. Dos resultados observados, pôde-se averiguar que o choque foi uma mudança de cunho estritamente gerencial, que inovou em termos estratégico, tecnológico, estrutural e de controle; não obtendo o mesmo êxito em relação às dimensões humana, cultural e política da mudança.
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Asgary, Nader, and Mary Ann Robbert. "A cost-benefit analysis of an international dual degree programme." Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 32, no. 3 (May 5, 2010): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600801003743513.
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Сьомич, М. І. "Features of modern models of public administration." PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ASPECTS 7, no. 4 (May 23, 2019): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151922.
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The emergence of the latest nature of public administration is one of the main instruments for the approval of a public governance model, which implies the need to replace bureaucratic mechanisms with socially-oriented market relations.
Level of scientific reflection there is an expansion of the range of applicability of existing concepts and the development of new, increasing hybridization of public administration systems.
The purpose of the article is to identify features and generalized characteristics of the main models of public administration and to formulate proposals for the formation of the most optimal model of public administration in accordance with the stages of transformation of the domestic society.
Old Public Management – the classic bureaucratic form of organization described by Max Weber as the ideal type of rational form of government based on the principle of law-making, with a high level of predictability for both policy in general and for citizens.
New Public Management is a modern model of public administration reform. An important place within the framework of this model is the concept of Digital Government, Network model of government, Anti-crisis Public Administration, Open Government Partnership.
It should be noted that in the "pure" form, these models of public administration are almost never found in any country in the world, although this or that set of elements of certain models is introduced into the practice of modern state regulation. In the majority of foreign countries there is currently a certain tendency towards convergence, a kind of diffusion of various approaches to public administration.
From the elements of these concepts one can form the theoretical basis for the "ideal model" of public administration, which can then be used to study administrative reforms in different countries.
The main essential features of the "ideal model" of a public administration model are to justify the following: implementation of the concept of "good" public administration as part of the Good Governance model, system simplification of legislation (as one of the elements and inherent tools of a "new" public management model), reduction the total number and narrowing of segments of the subject-object area of public administration with the transfer of public functions and public authority by the public administration, ensuring subsidiarity in public-private services development, public-private partnership development, de-bureaucratization and de-concentration of public sector entities, activation of the interaction of public administration and other types of social management, realization and progressive development of the concept of "electronic state", significant increase of requirements for transparency and accountability of public administration, development tools of public administration, increase the variety of their modifications and complication of their combinations, implementation of the concept of management of results, increase ting susceptibility and complementarity against the public interest.
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ZVERYAKOV, Mykhailo, and Andrii GRYMALYUK. "ECONOMIC THEORY, STATE POLICY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 11-12 (December 5, 2019): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.11.003.
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Currently, Ukraine is in a kind of “bifurcation point”, which opens up the possibility of further historical movement in several mutually exclusive directions. Under these conditions, the importance of economic science, which is called upon to actively influence social choice by means of a theoretical justification of such a variant of the state economic strategy that would meet the objective needs of developing the country’s productive forces to the greatest extent, is sharply increasing. The main goal of the article is to use the categorical apparatus of economic theory to scientifically determine the contours of such an economic management model that could become an effective alternative to the old management system, which is the main cause of Ukraine’s economic failure. International practice has accumulated a critical mass of empirical material showing that under modern conditions the subject-object model of driven development is becoming dominant. Within the framework of this model, society, acting as a single collective subject, consciously uses the objective economic laws of capitalism to develop its productive forces. The success of volitional transformations beginning in our country will ultimately largely depend on whether they lead to the creation of a modern development model, identical in its economic content to state capitalism. These specific historical conditions determine the necessary relationship between economic theory and public policy in the framework of the new model of economic management, which involves not just managed, but scientifically-driven development. Such scientific management of economic development is especially necessary for Ukraine, which under the guise of neoliberal deregulation stubbornly imposes a long-obsolete neoliberal model of spontaneous market transformation. Therefore, under modern conditions, political economy is called upon to become, first of all, a theory of action, a theory of public management of the economy. This opens up new broad opportunities at all levels of economic research, including: (i) the further development of the proposed methodology itself; (ii) the development of economic theory on its basis; and (iii) the consistent application of this theory to solve the extremely complex practical problems associated with the process of creating a subject-object model of driven economic development in Ukraine.
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Vigoda, Eran. "Internal Politics in Public Administration Systems." Public Personnel Management 29, no. 2 (June 2000): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600002900203.
Full textAbstract:
Politics is one of the most common yet least studied phenomena in organizations. This study examines employees' perceptions of organizational politics in the public sector and suggests that it mediates the relationship between job congruence (e.g., person-organization fit and level of met-expectations) and employee performance (e.g., organizational citizenship behavior [OCB] and in-role performance). A survey was conducted among 303 individuals in public personnel from two local municipalities in the north of Israel (first survey). Supervisors completed an assessment of employees' OCB and in-role performance six months later (second survey). Path analysis using LISREL VIII was implemented to evaluate two alternative models, direct and indirect. Findings of the study show that the indirect model fits the data better than the direct model, and therefore supports a mediating effect of perceptions of organizational politics scale (POPS) on the relationship between job congruence and employee performance. Structural coefficients among the research variables promote the theory on the affect of job congruence and POPS on OCB and in-role behavior. The findings contribute both to the understanding of antecedents of POPS as well as to the exploration of some of its consequences. The paper concludes with several implications and suggestions for further inquiry into politics in public administration systems.