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1
Wang, Xinrong, Haidong Yu, Wenli Zhang, Lizhi Fu, and Yue Wang. "Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Vertically Transmitted Viruses in Ducks." Animals 14, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14010006.
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To investigate the distribution and genetic variation in four vertically transmitted duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), duck circovirus (DuCV), duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3), and avian reoviruses (ARV), we conducted an epidemiology study using PCR and RT-PCR assays on a duck population. We found that DHBV was the most prevalent virus (69.74%), followed by DuCV (39.48%), and then ARV (19.92%) and DHAV-3 (8.49%). Among the 271 duck samples, two, three or four viruses were detected in the same samples, indicating that the coinfection of vertical transmission agents is common in ducks. The genetic analysis results showed that all four identified DuCV strains belonged to genotype 1, the DHAV-3 strain was closely clustered with previously identified strains from China, and the ARV stain was clustered under genotype 1. These indicate that different viral strains are circulating among the ducks. Our findings will improve the knowledge of the evolution of DuCV, DHAV-3, and ARV, and help choose suitable strains for vaccination.
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Ridwan, M., R. Sari, R. D. Andika, A. A. Candra, and G. G. Maradon. "Usaha Budidaya Itik Pedaging Jenis Hibrida dan Peking." PETERPAN (Jurnal Peternakan Terapan) 1 (July 22, 2020): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/peterpan.v1i1.1473.
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Broiler ducks are ducks that are able to grow fast and can efficiently convert feed into meat with high nutritional value. Broiler ducks have good flesh structure and structure. The good meat structure of broilers is now becoming more popular among the people, because the taste of the meat is tasty and tasty. Broiler ducks known by the public include hybrid ducks and Peking ducks. The ever-increasing need for duck meat is not matched by the availability of enough duck meat in the market, to meet the needs of the community. This could be the potential to cultivate broilers as evidence that poultry business and agribusiness, especially ducks are still wide open with promising profit prospects. The method used is: to maintain broilers totaling 50, each of which consists of 25 hybrid ducks and peking 25 tails, then feeding and drinking, taking data through recording weighing weight, and analyzing the profitability of broiler duck farming. Based on maintenance for 42 days, the data obtained was the consumption of 3.645 g / tail hybrid rations and the consumption of 3.727g pork duck / tail, United Nations hybrid duck 1.168,8 g and peking duck 1.171,04 g, FCR hybrid duck 3.11 and Peking duck 3.18 and hybrid duck mortality 4% and Peking 12%. Weight gain, mortality, and conversion of Peking duck feed were higher than hybrid ducks. Keywords: hybrid duck, Peking duck, Production PerformÂ
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Hidayati, Nuke Nur, Enny Yusuf Wachidah Yuniwarti, and Sri Isdadiyanto. "Perbandingan Kualitas Daging Itik Magelang, Itik Pengging Dan Itik Tegal." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.56-63.
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Local ducks in Indonesia there was several kinds, for example Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck each having morphology different of duck. Research on the quality meat of ducks that includes ash content, water content, carbohydrate content, fat content, protein content, and muscle cell diameter of femoral ducks important to know quality meat of each duck. This study aimed to analyzed the differences types of ducks on the chemical content of meat and femoral muscle histology of diameter cell at Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging ducks. Ducks were used in this study maintained in the Central Breeding and Raising Ducks Work Unit Non Ruminant Livestock Banyubiru, Ambarawa. The duck six month old was analyzed chemical content of meat and measuring diameter of femoral muscle cells. Duck samples taken from three different types of ducks that Tegal duck,Pengging duck and Magelang duck, of each type of sample taken many ducks as 6 tails. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the data were analyzed contained a real difference, continued by the Least Significant Differences Test (LSDT) at 95% confidence level. The results showed that no significant difference in all variables, from the result has been concluded that differences type of ducks not affect the chemical contents of duck meat and diameter of femoral muscle cells. Keywords: Local Ducks in Central Java, Quality of Meat, Muscle Cell Diameter Femoral Ducks.
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Muthmainnah, Atika, and Khalid Jalali. "Produktivitas Budidaya Antara Bebek Peking (Anas platyrhynchos) dengan Bebek Hibrida (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)." Panthera : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains dan Terapan 2, no. 4 (October 28, 2022): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/pjipst.v2i4.127.
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Broiler ducks are ducks that are able to grow quickly and can convert feed efficiently into meat with high value. Duck meat has a good structure and structure of the meat. The good structure of duck meat is now popular with the public, because the taste of the meat is delicious and savory. Broiler ducks that are known by the public include hybrid ducks and peking ducks. The demand for duck meat that continues to increase does not change with the availability of duck meat available in the market, to meet the needs of the community. It is possible to breed broiler ducks as proof that the poultry business for ducks is wide open with the promised profit prospects. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity in broiler duck cultivation which can increase body weight gain quickly, economically and produce meat that has high nutrition to meet public demand. The research method used is literature review by analyzing relevant articles and focusing on the productivity of broiler duck farming. Based on maintenance for 6 weeks, the data obtained was the consumption of hybrid rations as much as 6,514 g/head while in peking ducks as much as 7,601 g/head, PBB in hybrid ducks was 1,237 g/head, while for peking ducks 1,699 g/head, FCR in ducks hybrid 5.29 and peking duck 4.49 and mortality of hybrid duck 4% and peking duck 12%. The weight gain, mortality, and feed conversion of peking ducks were higher than that of hybrid ducks. The conclusion from the results of the study that the best duck genotype to produce FCR was hybrid duck and production performance which included body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion in peking ducks and hybrid ducks.
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Wulandari, Desi, Sunarno Sunarno, and Tyas Rini Saraswati. "Perbedaan Somatometri Itik Tegal, Itik Magelang Dan Itik Pengging." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 17, no. 2 (December 21, 2015): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.17.2.94-101.
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Local ducks in Indonesia there are several kinds, for example Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck each having characteristics different somatometri. Research on somatometri ducks that includes body weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length, and long-neck ducks important to know somatometri of each duck. This study aimed to analyze the differences somatometri at Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck, which includes weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length, and a long neck. Ducks were used in this study maintained in the Central Breeding and Raising Ducks Work Unit Non Ruminant Livestock Banyubiru, Ambarawa. The study was conducted by measuring somatometri of each six monthold ducks. Duck samples taken from three different types of ducks that Tegal duck, Pengging duck and Magelang duck, of each type of sample taken many ducks as 6 tails. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the differentiating factor is the type of duck. If the data were analyzed contained a real difference, then do a further test using the test Least Significant Differences (LSD) at 95% confidence level. The results showed that there was no significant difference in all parameters of the study. Conclusion of the study three types of ducks will have somatometri not unlike that includes, weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length and the length of the neck. It was because give feed and feed same time. Keywords: Local Ducks in Central Java, Somatometri, Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks, Pengging duck
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NAIK, P. K., B. K. SWAIN, and C. K. BEURA. "Duck production in India-A review." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i8.118712.
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In India, the contribution of ducks for egg and meat production is next to chicken. There are many advantagesof duck production over chicken. The important available ducks in the country are few exotic breeds and locallyavailable indigenous ducks. Ducks can be reared under intensive, semi-intensive and extensive rearing system.However, in India, ducks are mostly reared in small flock size as subsidiary source of income. The major duck basedintegrated farming system are duck-fish, duck-rice and duck-rice-fish integrated farming system. Feed is the majorfactor in livestock and poultry production system as it accounts about 70-75% of the total cost of production. Tominimize the cost of production, many locally available alternate or unconventional feed ingredients, viz. azolla,cassava, broken rice are used for feeding of ducks. The constraints of duck farming are mainly the unavailability ofsuitable germplasm, scarcity in natural feed resources, drying of natural water bodies, difficulty in the availabilityof vaccines, poor marketing facilities, etc. In India, there is ample scope for duck production to meet egg and meatdemand of the country. Suitable duck breeds or varieties need to be developed for rural backyard duck farming.Comprehensive feeding packages along with scientific management practices for different types of ducks should beformulated for economic production of duck eggs and meat. There is a need for establishment of hatcheries and other infrastructures in rural areas to promote duck farming for sustainable livelihood of the people.
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Kadurumba, O. E., F. C. Egenuka, L. C. Ikpamezie, C. Kadurumba, and D. N. Onunkwo. "Evaluation of local duck production systems in Imo and Abia States of Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.868.
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A study was conducted to evaluate local duck production systems in Imo and Abia States of Nigeria. Seventy-two (72) local duck farmers from both States were purposefully selected using snowball sampling techniques and were interviewed using structured questionnaires.Data on farmers' socio-economic characteristics and production practices were collectedand analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and charts. Theresults showed that there were more male duck farmers (88.89%), while the average age of duck farmers was 51.35years. Most (97.22%) of the duck farmers were literate, 58.33% ofhouseholds had between 4 - 7 members, 73.61% of duck farmers were Christians and a higher number (46.43%) raised pigs alongside of ducks. Most farmers (98.61%) kept only Muscovy ducks. The average flock size is about 6-9 ducks per household. Ducks were mainly kept for rituals and traditional medicine (56.78%). About 48.61% of farmers used personal money to finance duck farming, while 47.22% of farmers inherited their foundations stock. The age at sexual maturity for ducks was 7 to 9 months; clutch length was 11 to 15 days, while clutch size ranged from 16 to 20 eggs. Again, 94.44% of farmers practiced extensive system of duck keeping while 84.72% did not provide supplementary feeds to their ducks. Accidents are the leading cause of mortality in ducks, while the myths that surround ducks are the main obstacle to duck meat consumption. The results showed that duck farming is not popular in the study area and therefore, ducks are seen and kept as sacrificial birds. Thus, the potential of ducks for the production of meat and eggs is not fully exploited. These myths that have hindered the production of ducks could be dispelled through farmer trainings and enlightenment.
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Liu, Jie, Xiaoxia Yang, Xiaojing Hao, Yongsheng Feng, Yuli Zhang, and Ziqiang Cheng. "Effect of goose parvovirus and duck circovirus coinfection in ducks." Journal of Veterinary Research 64, no. 3 (July 14, 2020): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0048.
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AbstractIntroductionCoinfection of goose parvovirus (GPV) and duck circovirus (DuCV) occurs commonly in field cases of short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS). However, whether there is synergism between the two viruses in replication and pathogenicity remains undetermined.Material and MethodsWe established a coinfection model of GPV and DuCV in Cherry Valley ducks. Tissue samples were examined histopathologically. The viral loads in tissues were detected by qPCR, and the distribution of the virus in tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsCoinfection of GPV and DuCV significantly inhibited growth and development of ducks, and caused atrophy and pallor of the immune organs and necrosis of the liver. GPV and DuCV synergistically amplified pathogenicity in coinfected ducks. In the early stage of infection, viral loads of both pathogens in coinfected ducks were significantly lower than those in monoinfected ducks (P < 0.05). With the development of the infection process, GPV and DuCV loads in coinfected ducks were significantly higher than those in monoinfected ducks (P < 0.05). Extended viral distribution in the liver, kidney, duodenum, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius was consistent with the viral load increases in GPV and DuCV coinfected ducks.ConclusionThese results indicate that GPV and DuCV synergistically potentiate their replication and pathogenicity in coinfected ducks.
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Fitriani, Eka, Sri Isdadiyanto, and Silvana Tana. "Kualitas Kerabang Telur pada Berbagai Itik Petelur Lokal di Balai Pembibitan dan Budidaya Ternak Non Ruminansia (BPBTNR), Ambarawa." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.107-113.
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Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was one type of potential poultry producing eggs. Efforts to increase productivity can be done through the selection of good breeding stock, provision of adequate food in quantity and quality as well as the provision of additional feed (feed additive). Calcium carbonate was a mineral needed by a group of ducks for egg shell formation. The purpose of the research was quality of the local duck eggs Pengging include ducks, duck Tegal and duck Magelang based on the quality of its shell. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments (Pengging duck, duck Ducks Tegal and Magelang) and 6 replication.The measured variable was the index of egg shell, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness and eggshell calcium. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a differentiating factor is the type of duck. Real different data analyzeda further test using Least Significant Differences Test (LSDT) at the level of 95%. The results of this research indexshowed that ducks Tegaland duck Pengging no significant difference but significantly different with Magelang ducks. Weight eggshell and eggshell thickness showed no significantly different for the three types of local ducks. Eggshell calcium levels showed that Magelang ducks and duck Pengging no significant difference but significantly different with Tegal ducks.Conclusion of the study was index eggshell and eggshell calcium could affect the quality of the eggshell. Keywords: Local Ducks in Central Java, the index of egg shell, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell calcium.
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Natonek-Wiśniewska, Małgorzata, Piotr Krzyścin, and Dominika Rubiś. "Mitochondrial Markers for the Detection of Duck Breeds Using Polymerase Chain Reaction." Genes 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060857.
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Species identification of the components of various duck breeds has revealed that the lowest identifiable number of components depends on the breed. The results (shown on the agarose gel) of a species-specific PCR reaction for Rouen ducks were less intense than the results for the same amount of components from other popular duck breeds, suggesting differences in the Rouen duck genome. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify part of the Rouen duck’s gene sequences and to develop two new primer pairs. The first pair enables breed-independent identification of duck DNA, and the second distinguishes Rouen ducks from Chinese and Indian Runner ducks. The sequencing reaction yielded sequences of 1386 bp in length, and the identified sequence differs by around 7% from the sequences of Chinese duck species. The detected sequence contributes to improving species identification methods for duck DNA. On its basis, two primers for the identification of duck DNA were designed. The first allows for DNA amplification with the same sensitivity regardless of duck breed. The second primer’s pair is breed specific, and it distinguishes Rouen ducks from Chinese and Indian Runner ducks. Both methods are very sensitive (0.05%).
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Zhang, Yang, Qiang Bao, Zhi Cao, Youqing Bian, Yu Zhang, Zhengfeng Cao, Guohong Chen, and Qi Xu. "Chinese Domestic Ducks Evolved from Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and Spot-Billed Duck (A. zonorhyncha)." Animals 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071156.
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China has a rich genetic resource in its 34 domestic duck breeds. In order to detect the genetic diversity and explore the origin of these indigenous duck populations, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was sequenced and analyzed for 208 individual ducks, including 22 domestic breeds, wild Mallards ducks, Eastern spot-billed ducks, White Muscovy ducks, and Black Muscovy ducks. The haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.653 and the average nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.005, indicating moderate genetic diversity. Sixty haplotypes were detected, and the maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree and median-joining (MJ) network were generated from the sequence analyses. In this study, haplotypes from the Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) were detected in most of the Chinese domestic duck breeds. In addition, the Eastern spot-billed duck (A. zonorhyncha) H8 haplotype was detected in two duck breeds. Only two haplotypes were found in Muscovy ducks, suggesting low genetic diversity within this population. The sequence and haplotype analyses revealed that both A. platyrhynchos and A. zonorhyncha contributed to the evolution of domestic ducks in China.
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Sukarne, Sukarne, and Muhammad Nursan. "Effectiveness Test of Duck Mie (Innovation of Noodle-shaped Feed) on Peking Duck Productivity." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i2.3429.
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Low feed efficiency is often an obstacle in duck farming business. The morphology of the duck's beak which is only suitable for muddy habitats causes ducks to be often inefficient in consuming feed in the form of mash, crumble or pellet. Thus, duck mie (a noodle-shaped and earthworm-like duck feed) has been innovated which is the natural food for ducks in their natural habitat (rice fields and swamp areas). The main ingredients for making duck mie are cheap and potential local ingredients, such as; golden snail, rice bran, corn flour and cassava flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the provision of duck mie in the ration affects the productivity of Peking ducks. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) using 4 treatments with 4 replications, the research material in the form of 80 DOD Peking ducks with treatment aged 1-7 days given 100% formulated feed. Age 8-14 days adapted to 95% formulated feed + 5% Duck Mie. Age 15 – 56 days given feed formulated according to treatment T0 = 100% formulated feed, T1 = 90% formulated feed + 10% Duck Mie, T2 = 80% formulated feed + 20% Duck Mie, and T3 = 70% formulated feed + 30 % Duck Mie. The data obtained then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), then tested using Duncan's Distance Test. The research parameters were feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency. Based on the study, it was found that the provision of duck mie in the ration did not show a significant effect (P<0.05) based on consumption, ADG, efficiency and feed conversion ratio of ducks.
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Murray, Samantha. "Duck, duck, duck." Nature 530, no. 7591 (February 2016): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/530510a.
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Asnawi, Asnawi, Dwi Kusuma Purnamasari, and I. Ketut Gde Wiryawan. "Evaluasi Kecernaan Energi dan Protein Dedak Padi Lokal pada Itik Mojosari Dara." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Indonesia (JITPI), Indonesian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jitpi.v5i2.65.
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Evaluation of metabolizable energy of local rice bran have been conducted on Mojosari laying duck. The purpose of study was to calculate the energy values of local rice bran. Ten Mojosari laying ducks were randomly allocated of two types of feeds. Each laying duck was reared in individual cage (metabolic cage). Two types of feeds were basal diet (30% commercial feed: 70% corn), and 70% basal diet and 30% local rice bran. There are five duck as replication in each types of feed. Metabolic energy (ME) was determined according to Farrel (1978) with any modification. The results indicated that the gross energy and apparent metabolically energy (AME) of rice bran were approximately 3317,00±17,30 kkal/kg and 2461,44±27,76 kkal/kg. Presentation of AME to Gross energy of local rice bran were 74.21 %. Metabolizable protein of local rice bran were 55,71 ± 9,30% from crude protein intake. It is concluded that according to apparent metabolically energy (AME) and digestible protein, local rice bran is appropriate as supplement feed of laying duct particularly Mojosari laying ducks.
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Islam, Md Asadul, Md Abdur Rahman Howlider, Md Ashadul Alam, Md Abu Heyamet, and Manika Debnath. "Present status, problem and prospect of duck farming in rural areas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 2 (August 9, 2016): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i2.29062.
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The study was conducted to know the present status, existing production system of duck and assess the potentiality of duck rearing in rural areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Data were collected randomly from 50 duck rearing farmers using a pre-tested interview schedule during March to May 2010 from several villages under sadar upazilla of Mymensingh. The results reveal that most of the farmers (60%) were middle aged. About 32% farmers were illiterate. Most of the farmers (52%) reared deshi duck and duck population per household was 11.1. About 80% wife of farmers household were responsible for duck rearing. All farmers reared duck in semi scavenging system. About 36% farmers used wood and tin for construction of duck house and 94% farmers used bedding materials for their duck house. All farmers used rice in the diet for duck and 62% farmers accumulated rice and rice polish to make diet for their ducks. About 40% farmers provided on an average of 121.91g supplemental diet to each duck/day and cost of the diet was Tk. 0.85/duck/day. Most of the farmers (72%) provided diet to their ducks twice a day. The age and weight of duck at maturity were 183.6 days and 1.69 kg, respectively. Egg production/duck/year and weight of each egg were 117.5 nos and 63.8g, respectively. All farmers incubated duck egg under broody hen and they got 85.83% hatchability on set eggs. Most of the farmers (52%) mentioned that most prevalent disease of duck was cholera and their duck mortality was 15.2%. About 52% farmers controlled their duck disease with medication and only 14% farmers used vaccine to prevent duck disease. About 22% and 13.5% people did not consume duck meat and egg, respectively because of odour, asthama and allergy. Most of the farmers (50%) incubating duck eggs for ducklings. About 66% farmers purchased duckling by Tk. 24-25 and 58% farmers sell adult duck by Tk. 175-190. Most of the farmers (81.25%) stated that the duck farming is decreasing day by day. About farmers (51%) stated that reason of decreasing duck farming was lack of scavenging area. It was concluded that duck rearing knowledge of the farmers such as breeding, feeding, housing, prevention and control of diseases are not satisfactory of this areas. Introducing of improved duck breeds/varieties, training to duck farmers, ensuring vaccination to ducks, financial and technical support to the farmers could increase the duck rearing with increased household income and employment to youth, rural women and the small-holder marginal farmers.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 202-212
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Tamsil, Hasil. "Genetic Resource of Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata): Profile and Potential Production as Meat Producer." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 3 (December 12, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i3.1839.
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Muscovy duck is a type of waterfowl that has a relatively better growth and percentage compared to ducks. Duck meat has high-quality because of its low fat and savory flavor. Muscovy duck is relatively resistant to the disease and is able to use low-quality feed, but has the disadvantage of low egg production. The development of Muscovy duck as a producer of meat can be done through two approaches, namely the long-term and short-term. The long-term approach is carried out by selecting Muscovy duck which has high growth rate and high meet quality. The selection can be done in two ways, namely directly on the nature of growth and the quality of meat, and indirectly by choosing a marker of growth (morphology, biochemistry or diversity of DNA/ RNA). Short-term selection can be done by bringing in superior Muscovy duck from the outside to be developed by farmers and crossing male Muscovy duck with the layer Indian Runner ducks to produce Serati ducks.
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Duan, Enze, Guofeng Han, Shida Zhao, Yiheng Ma, Yingchun Lv, and Zongchun Bai. "Regulation of Meat Duck Activeness through Photoperiod Based on Deep Learning." Animals 13, no. 22 (November 14, 2023): 3520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13223520.
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The regulation of duck physiology and behavior through the photoperiod holds significant importance for enhancing poultry farming efficiency. To clarify the impact of the photoperiod on group-raised duck activeness and quantify duck activeness, this study proposes a method that employs a multi-object tracking model to calculate group-raised duck activeness. Then, duck farming experiments were designed with varying photoperiods as gradients to assess this impact. The constructed multi-object tracking model for group-raised ducks was based on YOLOv8. The C2f-Faster-EMA module, which combines C2f-Faster with the EMA attention mechanism, was used to improve the object recognition performance of YOLOv8. Furthermore, an analysis of the tracking performance of Bot-SORT, ByteTrack, and DeepSORT algorithms on small-sized duck targets was conducted. Building upon this foundation, the duck instances in the images were segmented to calculate the distance traveled by individual ducks, while the centroid of the duck mask was used in place of the mask regression box’s center point. The single-frame average displacement of group-raised ducks was utilized as an intuitive indicator of their activeness. Farming experiments were conducted with varying photoperiods (24L:0D, 16L:8D, and 12L:12D), and the constructed model was used to calculate the activeness of group-raised ducks. The results demonstrated that the YOLOv8x-C2f-Faster-EMA model achieved an object recognition accuracy (mAP@50-95) of 97.9%. The improved YOLOv8 + Bot-SORT model achieved a multi-object tracking accuracy of 85.1%. When the photoperiod was set to 12L:12D, duck activeness was slightly lower than that of the commercial farming’s 24L:0D lighting scheme, but duck performance was better. The methods and conclusions presented in this study can provide theoretical support for the welfare assessment of meat duck farming and photoperiod regulation strategies in farming.
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Wu, Y., H. W. Xiao, Z. H. Liang, A. L. Pan, J. Shen, J. S. Pi, Y. J. Pu, J. P. Du, and Z. H. Chen. "Differential expression profiling of estrogen receptor in the ovaries of two egg duck (Anas platyrhynchos) breeds." Czech Journal of Animal Science 59, No. 5 (May 19, 2014): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7404-cjas.
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In the present study, quantitative real-time PCR was employed to investigate expression profiling and expression difference of ESR1 and ESR2 in ovaries of Shaoxing duck and Jingjiang duck during three laying stages. Results showed the expression levels of ESR1 and ESR2 in ovaries were increased from the age of the first egg to the age of 500 days in both duck breeds. The expression of ESR1 in Shaoxing duck was lower than that in Jingjiang duck for the age of the first egg and of 180 days, and for the age of 500 days it was higher in Shaoxing duck than in Jingjiang duck. The ESR2 showed converse expression profiling in the two duck breeds. The results suggest that ESR1 and ESR2 mediate the process of egg laying in ducks, and that ESR2 may play a more important role for the ovary during egg-laying stages and may be closely related to the laying performance of the ducks.
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Putri, Naimah, Rahaju Ernawati, Jola Rahmahani, Suwarno Suwarno, and Fedik Abdul Rantam. "Phylogenetic relationship and genotype variation of six Newcastle disease viruses isolated from duck in Indonesia." January-2021 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.276-284.
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Background and Aim: Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) are frequently acquired from all ages and types of bird species. In general, ducks are considered as potential reservoirs for different genotypes of NDV and are resistant even to velogenic NDV strains. This research was conducted to genotypically and phylogenetically characterize NDV isolates collected from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 samples were collected through cloacal swabs and were inoculated in the allantoic sacs of 8-day-old specific pathogen-free eggs. Hemagglutination (HA) activity was analyzed through a HA test, and isolated viruses were characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction targeting the complete fusion (F)-gene of NDV using three primer sets. One primer set was specific for the F protein cleavage site sequences of velogenic, mesogenic, and lentogenic NDV strains. Results: The results demonstrated that three isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19, NDV/Duck/B125/19, and NDV/Duck/ BK43/19) belonged to genotype VII and one (NDV/Duck/TD19/19) to genotype VI. Other isolates (NDV/Duck/A74/19 and NDV/Duck/M147/19) belonged to genotype II Class II. Based on the F protein cleavage site and the pathogenicity tests, two isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19 and NDV/Duck/B125/19) were categorized as velogenic viruses and four (NDV/Duck/ BK43/19, NDV/Duck/TD19/19, NDV/Duck/A74/19, and NDV/Duck/M147/19) as lentogenic viruses. Conclusion: The results indicate that NDVs from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia carry various genotypes and pathotypes of NDVs; therefore, these viruses are still circulating in the environment and might pose a risk of Newcastle disease outbreak.
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Islam, MS, H. Khatun, MN Islam, S. Faruque, and MSK Sarker. "Study on the Productive and Reproductive Performances of BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 Ducks in Bangladesh." Agriculturists 12, no. 1 (July 11, 2014): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19485.
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A total of 887 ducklings of BLRI-1 duck genotype and 352 ducklings of BLRI-2 duck genotype were studied to measure productive and reproductive performances under intensive management. Data were recorded on body weight, egg production, egg weight, fertility, embryonic mortality, hatchability, feed intake, age at sexual maturity, body weight at maturity and egg weight at maturity. The fertility rate in BLRI-1duck was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of BLRI-2 duck, while hatchability of BLRI-2 duck on fertile eggs were significantly (p<0.05) better compared to BLRI-1 duck. The embryonic mortality was significantly (p<0.01) higher in BLRI-2 duck than BLRI-1 duck. Duckling weight was influenced by egg weight (p<0.05) but difference in duckling: egg ratio was not significant (p>0.05). Hatching weight, 4th week and 12th week of age were significant (p<0.05) influent while the body weight of ducks at 8th week did not differ significantly (p>0.05) for BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 ducks, respectively. The least squares mean for age at sexual maturity were 158 days and 151.75 days, respectively for BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 ducks (p<0.05). BLRI-1 duck started to lay eggs almost one week late compared to BLRI-2 duck. Duck weight at sexual maturity, egg weight at first lay and egg production did not have significant (p>0.05) difference between genotypes. It may be concluded that BLRI-2 duck genotype is superior in terms of hatchability and age at sexual maturity to BLRI-1 duck genotype. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19485 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 10-14
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Kadurumba, Ogechi Evangeline, Yahaya Ahmadu, Chukwuemeka Kadurumba, Ogechi Lilian Okafor, and Ifeanyi Charles Okoli. "Characterisation and approaches to the conservation of the Nigerian local duck population: A Review." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0021.
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Abstract Research, development, and breeding of ducks in Nigeria are on the rise and continuous breeding of ducks needs basic information on their production environment, genetic background, and diversity. Nigerian local ducks (NLD) have been phenotypically characterised based on morphological characteristics which have provided a reasonable representation of their genetic difference. Morphological and morphometric variations exist among indigenous ducks of Nigeria and mottled plumage colour is preponderant. Low genetic diversity exists among Nigerian duck populations implying that ducks are in close genetic relationships irrespective of distinctive and varying phenotypic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, whereas the phylogenetic tree revealed clustered relationships. Large-scale duck farming is uncommon; rather, ducks are kept as a pastime business. The scavenging feeding system is majorly practiced among small flock sizes which are highly predominant. NLDs lay between 100 and 125 eggs yearly when reared under an intensive system of management and also have a high hatching rate of above 70% even though high environmental temperature affects their reproductive performance. There are no organised duck markets in Nigeria. Duck eggs are rarely consumed or sold; rather they are majorly used for breeding purposes. Myths, poor funding, lack of standard laboratories, and lack of skilled workforce are among the factors affecting the development and conservation of indigenous ducks in Nigeria. Introducing improved breeds of duck and establishing conservation programmes will help promote greater duck production and conservation. Duck business is a profitable but seasonal business and can efficiently bridge the noticed protein gap in rural communities.
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KAMAL, REENA, P. C. CHANDRAN, AMITAVA DEY, M. S. TANTIA, P. K. RAY, R. KUMARI, and KAMAL SARMA. "Characterization of duck germplasm of eastern hill and plateau region of Jharkhand." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i2.122081.
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Information about phenotypic characteristics is a basic need in animal genetic resource conservation and improvement. Phenotypic characteristics of Jharkhand ducks from six districts (Palamu, Gadhwa, Latehar, Lohardaga, Khuti, and Simdega) were studied. Data on morphological and morphometric traits were analyzed. The results revealed that the predominant plumage colours of the head, neck, breast, wings and tails were black (56.25%) in drake, and black and white mix (65.33%) in duck; white and black/brown mix (62.50%) in drake, and white (79.33%) in duck; brown (41.25%) in drake, and white and black/brown mix (52.67%) in duck; black/brown and white mix (43.75%) in drake and duck (74.67%); black in drake (75%) and duck (90%) respectively. The dominant bill colour in drake was greenish black (56.25%) followed by orange (25%) and duck bill colour was black (58.67%) followed by orange (22%), whereas dominant eye colour was brown in both the sexes. The predominant shank and web colour were orange (65.0%) in drake and duck (68.0%) respectively. The Jharkhand ducks are unique in their morphological features with attractive black and white plumage colour pattern. The ducks are well acclimatised to local agro-climatic conditions with less input from duck farmers. The hatching and brooding process are natural. The average egg production was 66.92±2.00 eggs. The average adult body weights of drake and ducks were 1.64±23.19 and 1.51±30.09 kg, respectively. Variations were observed in qualitative traits. The observed phenotypic diversity in Jharkhand local ducks could be useful in designing breeding programs and selection.
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Wang, Lei, Jiazhong Guo, Yang Xi, Shengchao Ma, Yanying Li, Hua He, Jiwen Wang, et al. "Understanding the Genetic Domestication History of the Jianchang Duck by Genotyping and Sequencing of Genomic Genes Under Selection." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 1469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400893.
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The Jianchang duck is mainly distributed in Southwest China, and has the characteristics of fast growth rate and strong abilities in lipid deposition in the liver. In order to investigate the effects of domestication process on formation of the unique characteristics of Jianchang duck, the whole genome of sixteen individuals and three pooling of Jianchang duck were re-sequenced, and genome data of 70 mallards and 83 domestic ducks from thirteen different places in China were obtained from NCBI. The population stratification and evolution analysis showed gene exchanges existed between the Jianchang and other domestic duck populations, as well as Jianchang ducks and mallards. Genomic comparison between mallards and Jianchang ducks showed genes, including CNTN1, CHRNA9, and SHANK2, which is involved in brain and nerve development, experienced strong positive selection in the process of Jianchang duck domestication. The genomic comparison between Jianchang and domestic duck populations showed that HSD17B12 and ESM1, which affect lipid metabolism, experienced strong positive selection during the domestication process. FST analysis among populations of Jianchang duck with different plumage colors indicated that MITF was related to the phenotype of a white feather, while MC1R was related to the phenotype of hemp feather. Our results provided a base for the domestication process of Jianchang duck and the genomic genes for unique traits.
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Bakner, Dylan L., Kevin M. Ringelman, and Larry A. Reynolds. "Wood duck nest survival and duckling recruitment is minimally affected by interspecific brood parasitism from hooded mergansers and black-bellied whistling-ducks." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 2, 2024): e0305899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305899.
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In the southeastern United States, wood ducks (Aix sponsa) have historically experienced interspecific brood parasitism (IBP) primarily from hooded mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus), but the recent northward expansion of black-bellied whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis) has added a new complexity to these interactions. We monitored nest boxes in Louisiana to evaluate the influence IBP had on wood duck daily nest survival rate (after, DSR) and duckling recruitment. We monitored 1,295 wood duck nests from 2020−2023 and found 112 (8.7%) were parasitized by hooded mergansers and 148 (11.5%) by whistling-ducks. Parasitic egg-laying by hooded mergansers lowered wood duck DSR, while DSR for nests parasitized by whistling-ducks was comparable to clutches containing only wood duck eggs. We considered the wood duck capture histories of 2,465 marked female ducklings and 540 banded adult females to estimate a duckling recruitment probability for the entire study period. We recaptured 50 ducklings as adults; 6 (12.0%) hatched from clutches parasitized by hooded mergansers, 1 (2.0%) from a clutch parasitized by a whistling-duck, and 43 (86.0%) from clutches containing only wood duck eggs. The duckling recruitment probability was 0.039 (95% credible interval = 0.028, 0.051). Nest initiation date had a negative effect on recruitment, wherein most recruits hatched from nests initiated earlier in the season. Given only ~9% of wood duck nests contained hooded merganser eggs, we conclude IBP writ large had no detrimental effect on DSR at a population level. The lower DSR of clutches parasitized by hooded mergansers is potentially linked to a high abundance of early-season parasites that produce “dump nests” and these clutches are often abandoned without being incubated. Despite ongoing parasitism by hooded mergansers and the range expansion of whistling-ducks, wood duck productivity in Louisiana appears to be minimally affected by interspecific brood parasitism.
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Roni, Ni Gusti Ketut, Ni Made Suci Sukmawati, Ni Made Witariadi, Budi Rahayu Tanama Putri, and Ni Wayan Siti. "TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI UNTUK PRODUKSI HERBAL PROBIOTIK DAN PAKAN ITIK ORGANIK RENDAH KOLESTEROL." Buletin Udayana Mengabdi 20, no. 3 (December 25, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bum.2021.v20.i03.p07.
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Ducks have the potential to be developed as a food ingredient, especially on the island of Bali. Ducks are a variety of culinary delights that are in great demand by tourists and have a very high selling value. The problem that often becomes an obstacle in consuming processed ducks is the high cholesterol level of duck meat, which is thought to be detrimental to health. The main objective of this activity is to produce duck feed that triggers a reduction in meat cholesterol, quality and easy to obtain by utilizing abundant local raw materials, namely utilizing golden snails which are a pest of rice plants, and papaya leaf flour which is a waste of papaya plantations so that the price is cheaper and producing low cholesterol ducks. The results of research conducted by the proposer have obtained a duck feed formulation that can improve the performance of ducks assessed from growth, meat quality (organoleptic and cholesterol levels) and health status of ducks. Provision of raw materials for duck feed that can replace fish meal is by producing biologically golden snail silage flour with a protein content of 45.95%. Based on the results of the activity, it can be concluded that through fermentation technology using local microbes, low cholesterol organic duck feed and probiotic herbs are produced to increase the availability of organic feed, production and quality of duck meat.
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EBISSA, Tchister, Bo Yang, Yuanqing Guan, Bingchang Tan, Peizhen Chen, Lili Wang, Richard Magwanga, and Xiangqun Zheng. "A Comparison of Nitrogen Transfer and Transformation in Traditional Farming and the Rice–Duck Farming System by 15N Tracer Method." Agronomy 8, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120289.
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A field experiment was conducted in Ninghe, Tianjin, China, using the 15N isotope method to determine the fate of N sources, application effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of rice plant organs, N uptake by rice, and N use efficiency. The experiment included eight treatments: CK-N (control + no-duck), CK-D (control + ducks), CF-N (chemical fertilizer + no-ducks), CF-D (chemical fertilizer + ducks), CM-N (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), CM-D (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + ducks), CD-N (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), and CD-D (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + ducks). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer whether CM or CD in grain and leaf significantly increased N concentration; leaf and root P concentrations over control (CK) and chemical fertilizer (CF). In contrast, straw and root N concentrations, including grain and straw P concentrations did not show any difference between duck and no-duck treatment. Moreover, non-significant differences were found in 15N fresh grain and husk concentration. Both organs ranged from 14.2–14.4 g·kg−1 and 6.2–6.3 g·kg−1, respectively. Likewise, N uptake and N use efficiency in fresh grain and husk were not significantly differed within duck and without duck treatment. However, N uptake in fresh grain and husk ranged at the rates of 54.90–93.69 and 6.43–11.04 kg ha−1 with duck and without duck treatment. N use efficiency in fresh grain and husk ranged from 21.55%–34.61% and 2.61%–4.24%, respectively. Overall organic fertilizer has a significant influence on rice growth and promotes crop productivity.
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KAMAL, REENA, CHANDRAN P. C, DEY AMITAVA, and BHATT B. P. "Characterization of Maithili duck in middle Gangetic plain of Bihar." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 7 (October 29, 2020): 1018–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i7.106675.
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A study was conducted in middle Gangetic plain of Bihar to evaluate the smallholder duck production systems in the regions. A total of 70 duck farmers in Bihar were selected for this study. The information were collected by using standard questionnaire and an interview. The majority of the farmers (60%) belonged to middle-aged category. Majority of duck rearers in Bihar rears the duck more than 20 years. The average flock size was 6.1±0.33. Ducks were raised under semi-intensive management system and mostly depend on scavenging for their nutritional needs in the study area. About 88.6% farmers provided some kind of housing for their ducks, usually constructed mainly from simple and locally available materials in their backyard. Farmers did not possess any permanent shelter. Majority of the farmers (94.29%) did not vaccinate against the diseases of ducks due to unavailability. In both drake and duck, body carriage was slightly upright and Bill shape was horizontal. The ducks are raised both for meat and eggs. The average annual egg production per duck was ranged to be 30–60 eggs per annum. The average body weight of drake and duck were 1.40±0.07 and 1.37±0.08 kg, respectively. The predominant plumage colours of the Head, neck, breast, wing, and tail were brown (43.75%), brown and white mix with or without white ring (53.75%), brown (80.00%), brown, black and white mix (57.50%) and brown (40.00%) respectively. The dominant bill colour were yellow (43.75%) and web colour were orange (56.25%) respectively in Maithili duck. Mosaic plumage colour pattern was predominant in Maithili duck of Middle gangetic plain.
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Sukarne, Sukarne, and Muhammad Nursan. "The Effect of Feeding Duck Mie (Innovation in Noodle-shaped Duck Feed) on Income Over Feed Cost." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i1.3723.
Full textAbstract:
Low feed efficiency is often an obstacle in duck farming. Thus, the duck feed in the form of noodles (duck mie) is innovated which resembles earthworms which is the natural food for ducks in their natural habitat (rice fields and swamp areas). The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the provision of duck mie in the ration affects the productivity of Peking ducks. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and replicated four times each, the research material in the form of 80 DOD peking ducks with treatment aged 1-7 days given 100% basal formulated feed. Age 8-14 days adapted to 95% basal formulated feed + 5% Duck Mie. Age 15 – 56 days of basal formulated feeding according to treatment T0 = 100% basal formulated feed, T1 = 90% basal formulated feed + 10% Duck Mie, T2 = 80% basal formulated feed + 20% Duck Mie, and T3 = 70% basal formulated feed + 30 % Duck Mie. The research results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), then tested using Duncan's Distance Test. The research parameters were feed consumption, daily body weight gain (DBWG), feed efficiency, feed conversion and IOFC (Income Over Feed Cost). Based on the research conducted, it was found that giving Duck Mie in the ration did not have an effect (P<0.05) on consumption, DBWG, feed efficiency and feed conversion, but had a very significant effect on the IOFC value (P>0.01).
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McLeod, Carmen. "Dreadful/Delightful Killing: The Contested Nature of Duck Hunting." Society & Animals 15, no. 2 (2007): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853007x187108.
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AbstractHunting ducks with a firearm has become increasingly contested in industrialized and urbanized contemporary societies. In southern New Zealand, an area that maintains strong connections to rural life ways, duck shooting is still a very popular activity. However, even duck shooters living in this region are increasingly finding that they must justify an activity their grandparents practiced without compunction. This paper considers ethical discourses associated with the killing of ducks, particularly the ways in which people who shoot ducks construct the act of killing as an activity that can be ethically justified. As this paper will show, duck hunters assert that they have a more realistic and appropriate view of nature and animal life cycles than the average antihunter who might criticize them. New Zealand duck hunters also embed their hunting activities within a discourse of wetland conservation, arguing that they do far more to preserve and develop wetlands than do non-hunters. This paper concludes that duck hunters' understandings of nature are intrinsic to the ethical discourses that underpin duck hunting activities in New Zealand.
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Restiadi, Tjuk Imam, Tatik Hernawati, Dadik Rahardjo, and Thomas V. Widiyatno. "POTENSI TEKNOLOGI INSEMINASI BUATAN PADA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS ITIK TURI LAMONGAN." Ovozoa : Journal of Animal Reproduction 8, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ovz.v8i1.2019.82-88.
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Duck is one of the most poultry that potential can be best developed for its productivity to be used for meat and eggs. The obstacles faced by farmers include productivity of low and not meat and duck eggs. Application of science and technology through the development of reproductive technology of Artificial Insemination (AI) by conducting cross-breeding. The application to cross ducks is very beneficial because in addition to being economical it is also efficient. AI duck is very easy to apply and fast, does not require a complicated and long process as in large livestock. Ducks from artificial insemination are produced in Turi local female ducks (Anas plathirinchos) with plump males (Cairina moschata). The reason for the crossing is because the duck man has a body size that is too large compared to the local duck, so it can produce offspring with rapid growth and large body size. The conclusion is that duck farming with IB in Tawangrejo Turi Lamongan is useful for increasing body weight and productivity.
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Subagja, Hariadi, Novi Pradita Erlina, and Erfan Kustiawan. "Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Peternakan Tradisional Itik Petelur di Kabupaten Jember." Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan 1, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v1i1.533.
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This study aimed to determine how much income and business feasibility of duck laying farmers in Jember. The method used was a survey with 36 respondents duck laying farmers. The results of business feasibility analysis were B/C of 1.87, BEP (price) Rp983.27, BEP (production) 9,726.19 eggs, and ROI 55.70%. The laying duck business in several districts of Jember had incomes Rp656,408.00 (scale less than 100 ducks), Rp2,346,371.00 (scale 100 to 500 ducks), and Rp28,597,866.00 (scale more than 500 ducks).
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Kingsford, RT, J. Flanjack, and S. Black. "Lead Shot and Ducks on Lake Cowal." Wildlife Research 16, no. 2 (1989): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890167.
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We determined the amount of lead shot left after shooting, in the sediment and also the occurrence of lead shot in the gizzards of waterfowl shot at Lake Cowal. We also investigated levels of lead in livers. Livers and gizzards of 342 ducks, Pacific black duck (96), grey teal (122), maned duck (102), pink-eared duck (15) and Australasian shoveler (7), were collected during the 1987 duck shooting season. Few birds had ingested shot (1.5%). Black ducks had more grit, the size of shot, in their gizzards than did grey teal or maned duck. Total grit contents in the gizzards were of a similar weight for black duck and maned ducks but less for grey teal. Two ducks had lead levels in the liver indicative of lead poisoning (>6 ppm) wet weight. Lead levels in the liver were generally low, 0.32 � 0.76 ppm (mean + s.d.). There were no differences between species or sexes in levels of lead in livers. There was also no difference between lead levels of ducks shot on opening day compared to those shot 4 weeks later. Crude density estimates, extrapolated from 77 samples of sediment (800 cm2), averaged 16 000 shot per hectare for areas close to where hunters camped. Crude density, extrapolated from 100 samples, was 3400 shot per hectare for areas of low hunter density.
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Afrin, H., R. Begum, MJU Ahmed, MA Rahman, and S. Haque. "Profitability analysis and gender division of labour in duck rearing: a case of Kishoreganj district in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i4.32138.
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Like all other poultry species, rearing duck in Bangladesh has every potential to give maximum return with minimum investments. Keeping the view in mind, this study was endeavored to concentrate valuable information on profitability performance as well as gender division of labor in duck farming. The study was conducted in purposively selected five villages of Karimganj upazila under Kishoreganj district. A structured interview schedule was pre-tested, improvised and finally used to collect data from the selected 50 duck raising farms. The study found that total cost for 1000 ducks were estimated at Tk. 74455.57 per batch. Average gross return, average gross margin and average net returns for 1000 ducks was estimated at Tk. 151780, Tk. 83296.5 and Tk. 77324.47 per batch, respectively. Benefit cost ratio was estimated to be 2.03 for duck rearing. There existed gender division of labor in duck rearing, as, in duck rearing, women paid more attention in caring tasks such taking ducks out of the shade, feeding, cleaning shelter, breaking of snails, etc. The average female contribution was 51% of total duck rearing activities, but their participation in household decision making process was not satisfactory. In rearing duck, farmers had faced a few challenges like incidence of disease, lack of access to credit, low training facilities, high feed costs, lack of veterinary services and medicine, lower selling price and less market facilities. To overcome these difficulties of duck rearing and make the business more profitable, the recommendations actions can be undertaken by the respective authorities as early as possible.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 482-489, 2016
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Husein, Amir, Rudy Sutrisna, and Dian Septinova. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM KOMERSIL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BAHAN PAKAN LOKAL TERFERMENTASI AMONIUM SULFAT DAN UREA TERHADAP BOBOT HIDUP, BOBOT KARKAS, DAN BOBOT GIBLET ITIK HIBRIDA JANTAN." Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrip.2020.4.3.205-210.
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This research aimed to know the influence of giving a commercial ration with addition of local feed fermented with ammonium sulphate and urea and to find out the best ration on live weight, carcass weight, and giblet weight of male hybrid ducks. This research was carried out in July 2018--August 2018 in the cage of ducks, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University. Research material used consisted of 40 male hybrid ducks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data was analysed using analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was no different effect of treatments on live weight (1,552--1,717 g / duck), carcass weight (805,6--1.016 g / duck), and giblet weight (106.8--118.45 g /duck) of male hybrid ducks. Keywords: Carcass weight, Giblet weight, Live weight, Male hybrid duck.
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Zheng, Xingze, Feiyi Li, Bin Lin, Donghang Xie, Yang Liu, Kailin Jiang, Xinyao Gong, Hongbo Jiang, Ran Peng, and Xuliang Duan. "A Two-Stage Method to Detect the Sex Ratio of Hemp Ducks Based on Object Detection and Classification Networks." Animals 12, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091177.
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The sex ratio is an important factor affecting the economic benefits of duck groups in the process of hemp duck breeding. However, the current manual counting method is inefficient, and the results are not always accurate. On the one hand, ducks are in constant motion, and on the other hand, the manual counting method relies on manpower; thus, it is difficult to avoid repeated and missed counts. In response to these problems, there is an urgent need for an efficient and accurate way of calculating the sex ratio of ducks to promote the farming industry. Detecting the sex ratio of ducks requires accurate counting of male ducks and female ducks. We established the world’s first manually marked sex classification dataset for hemp ducks, including 1663 images of duck groups; 17,090 images of whole, individual duck bodies; and 15,797 images of individual duck heads, which were manually captured and had sex information markers. Additionally, we used multiple deep neural network models for the target detection and sex classification of ducks. The average accuracy reached 98.68%, and with the combination of Yolov5 and VovNet_27slim, we achieved 99.29% accuracy, 98.60% F1 score, and 269.68 fps. The evaluation of the algorithm's performance indicates that the automation method proposed in this paper is feasible for the sex classification of ducks in the farm environment, and is thus a feasible tool for sex ratio estimation.
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Begum, M., MO Faruque, MA Haque, F. Islam, and MS Hossain. "Exploratory studies on the crossbred duck farming from two upazillas under Noakhali district in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 53, no. 1 (March 11, 2018): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v53i1.35910.
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A total number of 50 crossbred duck (indigenous × exotic crossbred) farmers from 15 villages under Noakhali district in Bangladesh were selected from April to May 2017 to explore information about crossbred duck farming. Data were collected by door to door visit using a pre-structured questionnaire and collected data were analyzed using SAS software. Fifty percent of the respondents used commercial ready feed to supplement the feed and 90.00% farmers maintained own water reservoirs to swim and scavenge of their crossbred duck with prepared mixed feed. In 90.00 % farms, housewives took care of the crossbred duck and spent the money earned from farming. Most of the farmers vaccinated (90.00%) and de-wormed (94.00%) their crossbred ducks. Natural uncontrolled flock mating system was exercised (100.00%) during study period. About 62.00% farmers selected higher egg producer and 74.00% farmers used to hatch crossbred duck eggs to produce day old ducklings. Khaki color crossbred duck (166±1.54 pcs) laid the highest number of eggs and this was followed by mixed (156 ±0.88 pcs) and white plumage colored duck (151±1.39 pcs). But, Khaki color crossbred ducks (2.06 ±0.02 kg) were heavier than those of white (1.72 ±0.04 kg) and mixed plumage colored (1.68±0.05 kg) ones. It is suggested that crossbred Khaki color ducks were better performer in the village women driven duck farms but farmers were not aware of inbreeding problems.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(1), 47-52, 2018
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Zheng, Nenzhu, Linli Zhang, Qingwu Xin, Zhongwei Miao, Zhiming Zhu, Li Li, and Yifan Huang. "Changes in antioxidant enzymes in postmortem muscle and effects on meat quality from three duck breeds during cold storage." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 100, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0067.
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This study was conducted to evaluate changes to antioxidant systems in the postmortem muscle of three duck breeds and to analyze their relationship with meat quality. Pekin ducks, Muscovy ducks, and Mulard ducks were euthanized at the age of 70 d. The antioxidant enzyme activities and related gene expressions as well as meat quality in muscle tissues were examined. The breed of the duck had a significant effect on the antioxidant capacity of muscle tissues (P < 0.05), with the exceptions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 96 h as well as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) at 120 h. The SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx/GSH-Px), and T-AOC activities from highest to lowest were Muscovy duck > Mulard duck > Pekin duck, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration followed the opposite pattern. During cold storage (0–120 h), a decrease in the GPx, SOD, and T-AOC activities was noted, although MDA concentration increased gradually. The GPx1 and Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression levels in Muscovy duck muscle tissues were significantly higher than those in other breeds at both 0 and 24 h. Correlation analysis showed that higher antioxidant enzyme activity in duck muscle tissues was associated with higher water-holding capacity (WHC) and more stable meat color. Higher antioxidant enzyme activity in duck meat similarly resulted in higher pH values, higher WHC, and more stable meat color. These data indicate that antioxidant enzymes may inhibit lipid oxidation and participate in the regulation of meat quality.
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Alam, MB, ABMS Uddin, MAZH Bablu, MHK Kamaly, and MM Rahaman. "Socio-economic profile of duck farmers and duck management practices in Rajshahi region." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 41, no. 2 (March 10, 2013): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14124.
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The present study was conducted to determine the socio-economic profiles of the duck farmers and to investigate the management practices of duck farming and to identify the problems of duck farming in two upazilas of Rajshahi district namely: Bagmara and Tanore during the period from April to May 2012 by using a pre-tested questionnaire. Socio-economic profile of the duck farmers like age, education, family size, occupation, marital status, farm size, training received, annual income and management practices particularly housing, feeding, breeding, cleaning, disposal of diseased/dead birds, vaccination program, veterinary services followed by the farmers were investigated during the research. A total of 100 duck (50 from each upazila) were selected randomly for this study. The results reveal that most of the respondent farmers were young (60%) having secondary level of education (69%). Family size of the most of the farmers (57%) were small (size 4.53 persons) and majority of the farmers (75%) were marginal (0.021-020 hectare). Most of the farmers were medium income group (57%) with mean annual income of Tk. 200500. About 42% farmers had training on farming of different duration (7 to 30 d). Highest proportion of the duck houses were made of tin-shed (74%) having necessary floor space for ducks. The data obtained illustrated that majority of the farmers (74%) used sufficient supplementary feed to their ducks. About 65% of the farmers reared Deshi ducks in their farms. Most of the farmers (70%) cleaned their farm houses regularly. About 73% farmers separated their diseased duck from healthy ones. It was also found that most of the farmers (89%) buried their dead ducks under soil. Data indicated that majority of the farmers (67%) had partial idea about duck diseases. The highest proportion of the farmers (72%) followed vaccination program strictly. About 71% farmers consulted with village doctor. Nearly 51% farmers had low level of knowledge about duck farming. In the present study 10 problems were identified out of which low price of duck meat and egg made ranked as most serious problems. If the problems are addressed properly, the duck raising could be more profitable business in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14124Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 96-105
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Arlina, Firda, and Sabrina Sabrina. "Performance of various types of West Sumatera female ducks at starter period." E3S Web of Conferences 373 (2023): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337301007.
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West Sumatra has several breeds of germplasm ducks that have good potential for breeding, including Bayang Ducks, Kamang ducks, Pitalah ducks, and Sikumbang Janti ducks. This type of duck develops in the origin area to produce eggs and meat. The diversity of the performance of these ducks is still high. This study aims to determine the performance of various West Sumatra female ducks during the starter period. One hundred twenty heads of local female ducks were used in this study. This study used an experimental method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replicates; each cage unit consisted of 6 ducks. The treatments in this study consisted of four breeds of local female ducks from West Sumatra, namely A (Bayang duck), B (Kamang duck), C (Pitalah duck), and D (Sikumbang Janti ducks). This study showed that four breeds of local female ducks in West Sumatra had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption and body weight gain. In comparison, four breeds of local female ducks in West Sumatra significantly affected feed conversion (P<0.05). The feed conversion for Bayang, Sikumbang janti, Kamang, and Pitalah ducks was 4.60, 4.89, 4.60, 4.38, and 4.29. Based on the feed conversion, female Pitalah ducks were more efficient than others.
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Ismoyowati, Ismoyowati, Imam Suswoyo, Rosidi Rosidi, Sigit Mugiyono, and Nu’man Hidayat. "The Effect of Environmental Factor, Population and Age of Duck on Egg Production." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 22, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.2.51.
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Duck is one of the commodities that contribute to the national livestock production and Central Java is home to the fourth biggest duck population after West Java, South Sulawesi and East Java. The 2019 egg production in Central Java was 36.174 tons or 11.3% of the total egg production nationwide. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the effect of environmental factor, total number and age of ducks on egg production in Central Java. Specifically, this study aimed to observe the effect of region on egg production and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the total livestock (chicken), age (month), stocking density (ducks/m2), internal housing temperature (oC), and humidity (%) on Hen day production/HDP. A survey engaging purposive random sampling was conducted on the population of duck farming in Central Java especially Tegal, Pemalang and Brebes districts. The data were subjected to General Linear Model (GLM) and a regression-correlation analysis using an SPSS program. The result showed that region significantly affected hen day production (HDP) but did not affect FCR. Housing temperature affected HDP by 14.9% and the higher the temperature, the lower the HDP. Duck age affected HDP by 11.7%, and the older the ducks the lower the egg production. Duck population, stocking density and humidity did not significantly affect egg production. Conclusively, duck egg production (HDP) is significantly affected by temperature inside the housing and the duck age.
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Jeong, Min-Ju, Yong-Chan Kim, and Byung-Hoon Jeong. "The First Report of the Prion Protein Gene (PRNP) Sequence in Pekin Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica): The Potential Prion Disease Susceptibility in Ducks." Genes 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020193.
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Pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc), converted from normal prion protein (PrPC), causes prion disease. Although prion disease has been reported in several mammalian species, chickens are known to show strong resistance to prion diseases. In addition to chickens, the domestic duck occupies a large proportion in the poultry industry and may be regarded as a potential resistant host against prion disease. However, the DNA sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP) has not been reported in domestic ducks. Here, we performed amplicon sequencing targeting the duck PRNP gene with the genomic DNA of Pekin ducks. In addition, we aligned the PrP sequence of the Pekin duck with that of various species using ClustalW2 and carried out phylogenetic analysis using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis X (MEGA X). We also constructed the structural modeling of the tertiary and secondary structures in avian PrP using SWISS-MODEL. Last, we investigated the aggregation propensity on Pekin duck PrP using AMYCO. We first reported the DNA sequence of the PRNP gene in Pekin ducks and found that the PrP sequence of Pekin ducks is more similar to that of geese than to that of chickens and mallards (wild ducks). Interestingly, Pekin duck PrP showed a high proportion of β-sheets compared to that of chicken PrP, and a high aggregation propensity compared to that of avian PrPs. However, Pekin duck PrP with substitutions of chicken-specific amino acids showed reduced aggregation propensities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic characteristics of the PRNP sequence in Pekin ducks.
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Saez, Gladys, Elisabeth Baéza, Stéphane Davail, Denys Durand, Dominique Bauchart, and Dominique Gruffat. "Hepatic metabolism of glucose and linoleic acid varies in relation to susceptibility to fatty liver in ad libitum-fed Muscovy and Pekin ducks." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 4 (July 11, 2008): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508019892.
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The susceptibility to develop hepatic steatosis is known to differ between duck species, especially between Muscovy and Pekin ducks. This difference could be explained by either differential responses of species to overfeeding or genetic differences in hepatic lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to compare the intensities of the different hepatic pathways (oxidation, lipogenesis, esterification, secretion, etc.) of the two main nutrients (glucose and linoleic acid (LA)) reaching the liver of ad libitum-fed Muscovy (n 6) and Pekin (n 6) ducks using the ex vivo method of liver slices incubated for 16 h with [U-14C]glucose, [1-14C]LA and [35S]methionine added to the survival medium. In such experimental conditions, the lipogenesis pathway from glucose was 2-fold higher (P < 0·05) in the liver of the Muscovy duck than in that of the Pekin duck. Furthermore, the hepatic uptake of LA was 2-fold higher (P < 0·05) in the Muscovy duck than in the Pekin duck leading to a 2-fold higher (P < 0·05) esterification of this fatty acid in the liver of the Muscovy duck. The hepatic secretion of VLDL was higher (P < 0·01) in the Muscovy duck than in the Pekin duck but insufficient to prevent lipid accumulation in the liver of the Muscovy duck. In conclusion, these results show the influence of the species on the hepatic metabolism of ducks in relation to their susceptibility to develop fatty liver. These results should shed light on the metabolic regulations that might underlie susceptibility to hepatic steatosis in the the human liver.
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Salsabila, Salsabila, Depison Depison, and Silvia Erina. "Morphometric characterization and effect of growth hormone (GH) gene polymorphism on growth traits of Kerinci duck (Anas platyrhynchos)." Livestock and Animal Research 20, no. 3 (November 24, 2022): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/lar.v20i3.62609.
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<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the association of GH gene diversity with growth traits and to obtain the morphometric characteristics in Kerinci ducks.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The research method is an experiment using 96 blood samples of Kerinci duck blood. The methods included data collection on quantitative characteristics (body weight, body weight gain, body measurements), blood samples from Kerinci ducks, DNA extraction activities, PCR amplification and restriction with AluI enzyme. Data analysis included t-test, T2-Hotelling, principal component analysis, genotype frequency, allele, Hardy-Weinberg balance, heterozygosity, and PIC.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The quantitative characteristics of male Kerinci ducks were significantly different (P<0.05) higher than female Kerinci ducks. Analysis of the Kerinci duck GH|AluI gene was polymorphic. The population of Kerinci ducks was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Diversity Value of Kerinci Duck Ho<He. Quantitative characteristics of GH gene of Kerinci duck genotype +/+ were significantly different (P<0.05) higher than genotype +/- and -/-.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The quantitative characteristics of male Kerinci ducks were higher than female Kerinci ducks. Characteristics of the body size of Kerinci duck are the length of sternum, length of shank, and circumference of shank, and identifier of body shape is length of wings. The Kerinci duck GH|AluI gene is polymorphic and has associations with quantitative characteristics, with the best genotype being the +/+ genotype.</p>
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Gu, Yue, Shucai Wang, Yu Yan, Shijie Tang, and Shida Zhao. "Identification and Analysis of Emergency Behavior of Cage-Reared Laying Ducks Based on YoloV5." Agriculture 12, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040485.
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The behavior of cage-reared ducks is an important index to judge the health status of laying ducks. For the automatic recognition task of cage-reared duck behavior based on machine vision, by comparing the detection performance of YoloV4 (you only look once), YoloV5, and Faster-RCNN, this work selected the YoloV5 target detection network with the best performance to identify the three behaviors related to avoidance after a cage-reared duck emergency. The recognition average precision was 98.2% (neck extension), 98.5% (trample), and 98.6% (spreading wings), respectively, and the detection speed was 20.7 FPS. Based on this model, in this work, 10 duck cages were randomly selected, and each duck cage recorded video for 3 min when there were breeders walking in the duck house and no one was walking for more than 20 min. By identifying the generation time and frequency of neck extension out of the cage, trample, and wing spread, it was concluded that the neck extension, trampling, and wing spread behaviors of laying ducks increase significantly when they feel panic and fear. The research provides an efficient, intelligent monitoring method for the behavior analysis of cage-rearing of ducks and provides a basis for the health status judgment and behavior analysis of unmonitored laying ducks in the future.
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Lembong, Joicke F., N. M. Santa, A. Makalew, and F. H. Elly. "ANALISIS BREAK EVEN POINT USAHA TERNAK ITIK PEDAGING (Studi Kasus Pada Usaha Itik Milik Kelompok Masawang di Desa Talikuran Kecamatan Remboken)." ZOOTEC 35, no. 1 (January 25, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.35.1.2015.6460.
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BREAK EVEN POINT ANALYSIS OF DUCKS FARMING (A Case Study on Group Masawang Talikuran Village District of Remboken ). Ducks PMP is a new type of duck Masawang group members . Duck is caged with organic feed . The problem is whether d duck business is profitable or not . The purpose of research was to analyze the cost of production , sale and Break Even Point ( BEP ) of the farming that was performed by the group. . The method used is a survey method with a case study approach . Source of data captured includes primary data and secondary data . Data collection was conducted from October to December 2013. The analysis used is the analysis of Break Even Point ( BEP ) . This study was conducted over a period of production with 100 head of cattle raising ducks PMP ( Peking Mojosari White ) . Cost of production per period incurred consist of fixed costs Rp . 350.625 , - and the variable cost of Rp . 6,667,730 , - . Prices ducks 70.000.00 , - / tail , revenues of Rp . 7.000.000 , - per period . Based on the research effort duck PMP " Masawang group " reach break even on revenue of Rp . 3,594,073 , - duck production volumes were 51 birds per period with an average body weight of 2.5 kg / head . Keywords : Ducks , BEP , Group
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Ismoyowati, I., E. Tugiyanti, M. Mufti, and D. Purwantini. "Sexual dimorphism and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism of growth hormone gene in muscovy duck." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 42, no. 3 (August 17, 2017): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.42.3.167-174.
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This research was aimed to investigate the different growth and to identify growth hormone gene polymorphism in Muscovy ducks. Two hundred Muscovy day-old ducks consisting of white-plumed male and female duck, black and white-plumed male and female ducks. Body weight was recorded weekly and the obtained data were subject to T test. Primer design used the Custal X Program based on a database from the GeneBank Cairina moschata GH gene, partial cds (AB158762). Primer base sequence of GH gene was forward/Sequence: 5’-CTGGGGTTGTTTAGCTTGGA-3’ and reverse/Sequence: 5’-TAAACCTTCCCTGGCACAAC-3’. The DNA sequences were aligned by using the BioEdit version 7.7 for identification of the single nucleotide polymorphism. The result showed that male Muscovy duck produced higher an average body weight gain and more relative growth than those of females. The highest body weight gain was at three weeks old, and then it started to decrease at four weeks old. The sequencing PCR product obtained nucleotide polymorphism. AA genotype was observed at 136 t of black female Muscovy duck, CC in black and white male Muscovy duck, and white female Muscovy duck. Conclusively, a body weight gain of 3-week-old male Muscovy ducks was higher than that of females and GH gene polymorphism was observed in Muscovy ducks.
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Lai, Fang-Yu, Yi-Ying Chang, Yi-Chen Chen, En-Chung Lin, Hsiu-Chou Liu, Jeng-Fang Huang, Shih-Torng Ding, and Pei-Hwa Wang. "Monitoring of genetically close Tsaiya duck populations using novel microsatellite markers with high polymorphism." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 888–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0175.
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Objective: A set of microsatellite markers with high polymorphism from Tsaiya duck were used for the genetic monitoring and genetic structure analysis of Brown and White Tsaiya duck populations in Taiwan.Methods: The synthetic short tandem repeated probes were used to isolate new microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of Tsaiya ducks. Eight populations, a total of 566 samples, sourced from Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute were genotyped through novel and known markers. The population genetic variables were calculated using optional programs in order to describe and monitor the genetic variability and the genetic structures of these Tsaiya duck populations.Results: In total 24 primer pairs, including 17 novel microsatellite loci from this study and seven previously known loci, were constructed for the detection of genetic variations in duck populations. The average values for the allele number, the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content were 11.29, 5.370, 0.591, 0.746, and 0.708, respectively. The results of analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis indicated a contracting Brown Tsaiya duck cluster and a spreading White Tsaiya duck cluster. The Brown Tsaiya ducks and the White Tsaiya ducks with Pekin ducks were just split to six clusters and three clusters when K was set equal to 6 and 3 in the Bayesian cluster analysis. The individual phylogenetic tree revealed eight taxa, and each individual was assigned to its own population.Conclusion: According to our study, the 24 novel microsatellite markers exhibited a high capacity to analyze relationships of inter- and intra-population in those populations with a relatively limited degree of genetic diversity. We suggest that duck farms in Taiwan could use the new (novel) microsatellite set to monitor the genetic characteristics and structures of their Tsaiya duck populations at various intervals in order to ensure quality breeding and conservation strategies.
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Mamarimbing, Dewi, J. K. J. Kalangi, B. F. J. Sondakh, and J. Lainawa. "ANALISIS MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN TERNAK ITIK PETELUR DI KECAMATAN KAKAS BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA." ZOOTEC 37, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.37.2.2017.15801.
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ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF LAYER DUCK FARMING MANAGEMENT IN THE DISTRICT OF WEST KAKAS BARAT. This research was conducted in the District of West Kakas Minahasa regency in July-August 2016. This study aims to determine whether the layer duck farmers have implemented management functions (planning, organizing, implementing and monitoring) in the farming system of layer ducks. The villages of Kalawiran, Paso, Totolan, Wasian, Touliang, Panasen and Tontimomor have designated as study area, based on thecriteria: that these villages have population at least 200 head of layer ducks. The method of data collection was field survey. Data were primary data and secondary data. The sampling method of sample villages determined based on villages criteria that the village has layer duck population of over 200 head and the purposive sampling method of respondentbased on the following considerations: having a population of at least 200 head layer ducks and has been raising more than 1 year. Model analysis wasdescriptive analysis to describe qualitatively. Qualitative analysis was identify and described management principles were carried out in the system of raising layer ducks. The results showed that the characteristics of the level of respondent education were ungraduated of SD (18%), SD (14%), SMP (32%), SMA(36%). Duck farming experiences were<5 years 2 (9%), 6-10 years and 11 (50%), > 11 years 9 (41%). Scales of duck farming were276-350 8 (36%), 200-275 9 (40%), 315-375 1 (5%). Family labour was 22 (100%). Analysis of management (planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring) showed that almost all of the farmers have implemented the management functions within the traditionally farmingsystem of layer duck. Management of planning were 22 (100%), monitoring 22(100%), while the management of the organization and implementation was only 3 (14%) and 19 (86%) did not recorded the results, since most farmers rely on memory.It can be a weakness in the development of layer duck farming.Layer duck farming use only the family labour. Keywords: Layer duck, farming, Management.
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Hadju, Rahmawati. "KUALITAS DAGING ITIK FERMENTASI YANG DIRENDAM MENGGUNAKAN L. plantarum DENGAN LEVEL YANG BERBEDA DAN DISIMPAN PADA SUHU RENDAH." ZOOTEC 34, no. 2 (September 2, 2014): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.34.2.2014.5532.
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THE CHEMICAL QUALITIES OF FERMENTED DUCK IMMERSED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF L. plantarum AND STORED UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE. The objective of this research was study the effect of soaking time on chemical (pH, water content, acetic acid content and total lactic acid bacteria) of duck meat fermentation using L. plantarum. Ducks was done by soaking duck meat in culture L.plantarum and stroraged at cooling temperature. Soaking was done with different level of L. plantarum. This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design consisted of five levels of L. plantarum. Data were analyzed by variance analysis. Significantly difference treatment effects on variable measures were tested using honestly significant difference (HSD). The result showed that treatments had significantly difference (P<0,01) on pH and total lactic acid bacteria of duck meat fermentation, but did not affect significant (P>0,05) on water content and acetic acid content of duck meat fermentation. Therefore, it can be concluded that soaking at 15% level of L. plantarum and storage at cooling temperature can conserve duck meat until 16 days and ducks fermentation were still constant. Keywords: Fermentation, duck meat, pH, water, acetic acid, lactic acid.
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Lieng, Phatpisey, and Kiattisak Sangpradit. "Study on duck weight estimation by using image processing." E3S Web of Conferences 187 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018702001.
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The objective of this research was to process digital image to investigate the possibility of ducks weight estimation based on the software LabVIEW with the vision builder. In this study the images were record by the top-view camera. An ellipse fitting algorithm was applied to localize ducks within the stall. Estimating duck weight consists of these steps. First, image acquisition. Second, counts pixel of the samples. Third calculate duck weight by using samples pixel as the output. Results from this study showed that, the estimated ducks weight by using digital photos had 3.27% of the error when compare to the measured weight. The correlation coefficient of the body weight prediction equation from a comparison between measured (absolute) and estimated by camera for all duck is clearly high (R2=0.91). It was found that the system able to estimate duck weight with an acceptable error. So we can develop this research processing or build up the automatic sorting duck in the future. This method operated pretty well in prophecy live weight.