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Journal articles on the topic 'Duct Fittings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

John, I. Sodiki. "Analysis of Pressure Losses in Conditioned Air Distribution: Case Study of an Industrial Cafeteria." International Journal of Engineering Works (ISSN:2409-2770) 2, no. 3 (2015): 32–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15965.

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<strong>Fractions of the total head loss which constitute the loss through duct fittings are calculated for various duct runs in a conditioned air distribution system of a cafeteria building project. An ‘Excel’ plot shows a second order increase of the fraction from 0.70 to 0.76 for an increase in duct length from 6.2m to 22.1m. Also, an average fraction of 0.73 was obtained for an average duct length of 15.8m from the computed values. The study shows that the loss through duct fittings constitutes a major loss (being greater than 50% of the total), as corroborated by results of ea

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2

Shao, L., and S. B. Riffat. "CFD for prediction ofk-factors of duct fittings." International Journal of Energy Research 19, no. 1 (1995): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440190110.

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3

Stewart, Raine, and Karl Peterman. "Preliminary testing for ASHRAE research project 1919: The effects of duct size and aspect ratio on flow noise in elbows." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, no. 4_Supplement (2024): A59. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035105.

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The goal of RP-1919 is to investigate the regenerated noise and breakout noise of elbow fittings, eventually resulting in an algorithm for a variety of flow rates that considers a duct’s size and aspect ratio. This algorithm is intended for more accurate noise prediction of elbow fittings, to better inform building design. The practical application of this project necessitates a test method that is applicable to real-world building systems. Sound intensity measurements are a logical choice to investigate the elbow fittings, with one notable challenge: differentiating airflow noise from elbow f

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Mak, C. M., D. C. Waddington, and D. J. Oldham. "The Prediction of Airflow Generated Noise in Ventilation Systems." Building Acoustics 4, no. 4 (1997): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9700400404.

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At long distances from the primary noise source (the fan) of a ventilation system, airflow generated noise from duct fittings can become the major noise problem. There exists only a limited amount of measured data on flow generated noise produced by some in-duct elements such as bends and transition pieces. This lack of data reflects the difficulty in obtaining such information from conventional measurements techniques. As an alternative to large scale data collection, attempts have been made to develop pressure-based techniques for predicting the flow generated noise in a duct. In this paper

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5

Shao, L., and S. B. Riffat. "Accuracy of CFD for predicting pressure losses in HVAC duct fittings." Applied Energy 51, no. 3 (1995): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(95)00002-a.

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6

Srihari., M., Irshad Md., and Mahesh |. K. Sai Teja K. "Design of Chiller for Air Conditioning of Residential Building." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 3 (2019): 1246–52. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23291.

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The main objective of the project is to design and draft a fully functional Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditional HVAC system for computer center. From residential to commercial structures such as apartments, laboratories, hospitals, etc..., can be designed with HVAC components. HVAC is used to adjust the comfort level of both ambient temperature and air humidity to feel comfortable in enclosed spaces. As we want the heating, cooling, and ventilating system to perform well, we needed to start with an efficient duct design. In this project, we designed a duct system using the protocols based

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7

Lukács, Eszter, and János Vad. "Parameter Study of a Loss Reducing Passive Flow Control Method in a Square-to-square Sudden Expansion." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 3 (2023): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.22389.

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The energy consumption of mechanical ventilation in buildings needs to be reduced. An efficient way to achieve this goal is to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the ventilation duct system elements, for example, that of sudden expansions. Ventilation ducts and pipe fittings are frequently of rectangular cross-section. The present paper investigates a passive flow control method in order to reduce the loss coefficient of a square-to-square sudden expansion, where the loss-reducing appendages are short guide vanes, termed as miniflaps, placed at the step edge of the sudden expansion. The turbul

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8

Gao, Ran, Shikuo Chen, Angui Li, Zhigang Yang, and Beihua Cong. "Computational fluid dynamics study on the drag and flow field differences between the single and coupled bends." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 2 (2016): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416670695.

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Owing to the limited installation space and duct size, coupled fittings are common in the duct systems of buildings. The coupling effect leads to changes in drag and fan energy consumption. This study investigates duct drag and flow field characteristics under coupling conditions. Experiments and numerical simulations with the Reynolds stress model are conducted. Flow field changes, flow field deformation, and drag changes in the duct are analyzed. Regardless of the coupling form, the velocity near the inner arc is fast, whereas that near the outer arc is slow. Under three different coupling c

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9

Lazarevikj, Marija, Zoran Markov, and Valentino Stojkovski. "The hydraulic role of elbows in rectangular ducts of HVAC distribution systems analysed by CFD." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2025): 51. https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci241230051l.

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Ducts with rectangular cross-section are widely used in HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) distribution systems applied to residential, commercial and industrial buildings where round elements can?t be used. Usual practical problem is calculating the required pressure drop to drive the air flow for a given duct geometry at a certain flow rate, for which the total hydraulic losses should be obtained. Friction losses in ducts depend on their size, flow capacity and construction material, while minor losses are caused by changes in flow stream direction, expansions or contractions,

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10

Wahj, Ahmed Mohammed Mari* Prof M.N. Kareemi. "AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR MULTISTORIED RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT CONSISTING OF G+5 FLOORS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 6 (2016): 292–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.54793.

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This Project is about Air conditioning for 6 levels with 24 Flats. Each flat consist of different numbers of room i.e. Master Bedroom, Bedroom, and Living / Dining room. Each floor is supplied with Air Conditioning system supplied by AHU connected to chiller. ΔU can be calculated based on specifications of material used by the Architecture / Civil designer for the project. ΔT can be calculated based on specifications for material and in direction to be used i.e. North, South, East, West, North West, North East, South West, and South East. Watts per square feet can be calculated bas

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11

Sodiki, John. "Statistical Modeling of Head Loss through Duct Fittings in Conditioned Air Distribution Systems." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 6, no. 1 (2015): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2015/13651.

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12

Hickman, Craig, B. Terry Beck, and Bruce Babin. "Effect of fittings on volumetric airflow measurements (RP-1245): Single-path duct disturbances." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 21, no. 2 (2015): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2014.975058.

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13

Smith, S. J., S. B. Riffat, G. Gan, and L. Shao. "K-factor data of interacting duct fittings based on measurement and CFD modelling." International Journal of Energy Research 20, no. 12 (1996): 1129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-114x(199612)20:12<1129::aid-er276>3.0.co;2-t.

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14

SAKAMOTO, MORIMASA, and HIROYOSHI SHIOKAWA. "ON AIR FLOW AND SOUND CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAIGHT DUCTS, ELBOWS AND DIVIDED-FLOW FITTINGS OF GLASS FIBER DUCT SYSTEMS." Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 397 (1989): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijax.397.0_9.

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15

Hickman, Craig, B. Terry Beck, and Bruce Babin. "Effect of fittings on volumetric airflow measurements (RP-1245): Multiple-path (tee) duct disturbances." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 21, no. 7 (2015): 957–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2015.1009352.

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16

Atkin, S. M., and Li Shao. "Effect on pressure loss of separation and orientation of closely coupled HVAC duct fittings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 21, no. 3 (2000): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362440002100305.

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17

Dijckmans, Arne. "Prediction of noise from mechanical ventilation systems in dwellings: case studies." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 5 (2023): 2712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0380.

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Noise caused by mechanical ventilation systems in dwellings remains a common problem in practice. To help designers and installers, a simplified acoustic calculation tool has been developed which can be used without detailed acoustic knowledge. The tool is based on the prediction models in EN 12354-5 and VDI 2081 and takes into account the airborne duct sound. The model has been validated by multiple case studies in dwellings. For each case study, the noise levels and airflow rates of the mechanical ventilation system have been measured in each room. Generally, the global A-weighted noise leve

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18

Liu, Wei, Zhengwei Long, and Qingyan Chen. "A procedure for predicting pressure loss coefficients of duct fittings using computational fluid dynamics (RP-1493)." HVAC&R Research 18, no. 6 (2012): 1168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2012.713833.

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19

KAN, Tetsutoshi, Takao SAWACHI, Yuki NAGUMO, and Koji KUROTORI. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ACCURACY OF TEST METHODS WITH ATTACHED SHORT DUCT FOR PRESSURE LOSS CHARACTERISTICS OF DUCT FITTINGS, PART 1: VERIFICATION OF THE SIMPLIFIED TEST METHODS FOR DUCT AIR TERMINALS." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 28, no. 69 (2022): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.28.757.

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20

Abramkina, D. V., A. O. Ivanova, D. F. Karpov, M. V. Pavlov, and Kh M. Vafaeva. "Comparative analysis of acoustic calculation methods for throttling devices." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 51, no. 3 (2024): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2024-51-3-172-179.

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Objective. The identification of increased noise levels from ventilation systems during the operation of buildings necessitates complex and costly procedures to detect and eliminate noise sources, conduct dismantling work, install additional silencers, or replace ventilation equipment. Therefore, accurate acoustic calculations are one of the most critical tasks in the design of various facilities. Method. This article presents an analysis of domestic and international methods for determining the noise generated by throttling devices. The accuracy of the calculation results was evaluated by com

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21

Putra, Randi Purnama, Sutardi, Wawan Aries Widodo та ін. "Experimental investigation of turbulent flow through a square-sectioned duct and 90ᵒ square elbow by using circular turbulator". EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, № 2 (29 березня 2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2024.003230.

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The ducting system is made up of 90° elbows and a few other fittings and accessories in addition to straight ducts. The friction loss, separation loss, and secondary flow loss are the main causes of the pressure decrease in an elbow, and they all increase with the presence of elbows. Utilizing too much energy to propel the flow is a cost associated with pressure loss. The aim of this research is to investigate turbulent flow via 90° square elbows and a square-sectioned duct through experimental methods by adding a circular turbulator (CT) close to the elbow wall's inner radius. The Reynolds nu

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22

Kubas, Šimon, Andrej Kapjor, Martin Vantúch, and Juraj Drga. "Determination of Pressure Loss of Silencers Used in Air Conditioning." Advances in Thermal Processes and Energy Transformation 4, no. 1 (2021): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54570/atpet2021/04/01/0016.

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When designing air conditioning systems, it is necessary to pay attention to the level of noise generated during the operation of such a system. Each of the components of the air conditioning system either absorbs or generates noise. Noise in pipes and fittings can be reduced to the required level by dimensioning the pipes. However, noise generated by the fan itself must be eliminated in another way. To eliminate fan noise, silencers are used in the duct just behind the air handling unit. For the correct design of the silencer, it is necessary to pay attention not only to its acoustic attenuat

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23

Rosenthal, F. S. "Lung structure parameters estimated from modeling aerosol deposition in isolated dog lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 5 (1989): 2014–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.2014.

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A three-compartment model predicting the recovery of aerosol boli (i.e., the ratio of the number of particles expired to the number inspired) as a function of breath-holding time and bolus penetration was fitted to experimental data measured in nine isolated dog lungs. For each lung, the diameters of alveoli and alveolar ducts, as well as the volume fractions of alveoli, alveolar ducts, and airways, were determined as parameters providing the best fit. Parameter values were alveolar diameter = 0.116 +/- 0.007 (SE) mm, alveolar duct diameter = 0.284 +/- 0.015 mm, total alveolar volume/total lun

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24

Mumma, Stanley A., Thomas A. Mahank, and Yu-Pei Ke. "Analytical determination of duct fitting loss-coefficients." Applied Energy 61, no. 4 (1998): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(98)00041-5.

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25

Abhishek Singh. "Optimization of turbulent heat transfer in a heat exchanger with helical corrugated tube." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 37s (2025): 303–13. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i37s.6420.

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The increase in convective heat shift has been studied in a one-stage non-stable run with the aid of spirally ribbed pipe. Results of the slope-to-breadth proportion P/DH = “0.27, 0.18, and 0.22” and “costal-extent to breadth proportion”e/DH = “0.04, 0.06, and 0.02” of spirally fluted ducts on the improvement of hotness exchange, thermal presentation portion, and isothermal friction are found and concluded in a coaxial duct hotness evaporator. Large volumes of unstable liquid flow with Reynolds numbers varies from 5500 to 60,000. Compared to corrugated tubes, smooth tubes produce less heat and

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26

Chang, Xiaoke, Junrui Chai, Jianxi Ren, and Rong Yang. "Numerical Simulation of Tunnel Ventilation Considering the Air Leakage Mechanism of a Ventilation Duct." Applied Sciences 14, no. 12 (2024): 5252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14125252.

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Ventilation problems are critical in tunnel engineering, and the loss of air volume in ventilation ducts is generally estimated using empirical methods. The air volume calculation makes it difficult to meet the accuracy requirements, resulting in resource waste or insufficient air supply. In this study, the forced ventilation system of the tunnel under construction was investigated based on the computational fluid dynamics method. The mechanism of air leakage on airflow distribution and pollutant transport in the tunnel is determined. Air leakage reduces the distribution peak of pollutants and

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27

Manning, Andy, John Wilson, Nate Hanlon, and Travis Mikjaniec. "Prediction of duct fitting losses using computational fluid dynamics." HVAC&R Research 19, no. 4 (2013): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2013.786603.

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28

Taga, Rumio, and Luiz Carlos Pardini. "Growth of cell populations of the intralobular duct in the submandibular gland of the mouse during postnatal development." Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 16, no. 4 (2002): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912002000400002.

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The growth of cell populations of intercalated ducts (ID), striated ducts (SD) and convoluted granular tubules (CGT) of the submandibular gland of the mouse was analyzed, during the period of 14 to 84 days of postnatal life, by means of morphometric methods. The absolute number of cells in each type of duct was submitted to curve fitting by means of linear regression analysis, and the obtained equations were: y = 13.22 + 0.87x for ID cells in the growth period of 14 to 84 days; y = -18.82 + 3.69x and y = 176.03 - 1.93x for SD cells in the periods of growth and decay of cells, from 14 to 35 and

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29

Ai, Z. T., and C. M. Mak. "Pressure Losses across Multiple Fittings in Ventilation Ducts." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/195763.

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30

Bello-Ochende, Tunde, and Adrian Bejan. "Fitting the duct to the “body” of the convective flow." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46, no. 10 (2003): 1693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(02)00477-5.

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31

Hong, Fei, and Qi Zhang. "Time Series Analysis of Evaporation Duct Height over South China Sea: A Stochastic Modeling Approach." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (2021): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121663.

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The evaporation duct could significantly affect the work status of maritime microwave communication systems in the South China Sea. Therefore, the exact forecasting of the evaporation duct is vital for the normal operation of the systems. This study presents a stochastic modeling approach to predict the future trends of the evaporation duct over the South China Sea. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model has been used for modeling the monthly evaporation duct height estimated from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis dataset released by the National Centers for Environmen

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32

Sleiti, Ahmad K., John Zhai, and Stephen Idem. "Computational fluid dynamics to predict duct fitting losses: Challenges and opportunities." HVAC&R Research 19, no. 1 (2013): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2012.716341.

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33

Schurzig, Daniel, Max Eike Timm, G. Jakob Lexow, Omid Majdani, Thomas Lenarz, and Thomas S. Rau. "Cochlear helix and duct length identification – Evaluation of different curve fitting techniques." Cochlear Implants International 19, no. 5 (2018): 268–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2018.1460025.

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34

Voznyak, Orest, Khrystyna Myroniuk, Iryna Sukholova, Oleksandr Dovbush, and Mariana Kasynets. "PHYSICAL MODELS OF VENTILATION SYSTEM FITTINGS IN SPECIAL CONDITIONS." Theory and Building Practice 2021, no. 1 (2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.01.042.

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The article presents the formation of physical models of fittings of ventilation systems in the conditions of change of linear sizes and forms of adjacent sections of air ducts of ventilation systems. The aim is to minimize waste materials in the manufacture and sale of pipe billets of different diameters of the ventilation system, reduce metal consumption, increase production productivity and efficiency of procurement for installation of ventilation in industrial premises, identify ways to improve the installation of ventilation in industrial premises for various purposes and justification ca

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35

Ridolfi, Cristina, Maria Rachele Angiolini, Francesca Gavazzi, et al. "Morphohistological Features of Pancreatic Stump Are the Main Determinant of Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreatoduodenectomy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/641239.

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Introduction.Pancreatic surgery is challenging and associated with high morbidity, mainly represented by postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and its further consequences. Identification of risk factors for POPF is essential for proper postoperative management.Aim of the Study.Evaluation of the role of morphological and histological features of pancreatic stump, other than main pancreatic duct diameter and glandular texture, in POPF occurrence after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Patients and Methods.Between March 2011 and April 2013, we performed 145 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies. We intr

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36

Wang, Yongdong, Xingbo Han, Tianyue Zhou, et al. "Road Tunnel Axial Fan Performance In Situ Test: Taking Qinling Zhongnan Mountain Highway Tunnel as an Example." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (April 4, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7036538.

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Axial fans play a pivotal role in the road tunnel ventilation system. Qualified performance of the axial fan is important for both safety and air quality maintenance reasons. Axial fans performance in situ test of Qinling Zhongnan Mountain highway tunnel, the second longest road tunnel in the world, is presented in this research. Performance test items and the qualification criterion, as well as a general framework for the road tunnel axial fan assessment, are recommended. Log-Tchebycheff method is suggested to confirm the location for the measuring lines and points. The precision of the log-T

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37

Naga Saritha, K., G. S. Rao, and K. Rosaiah. "Survival analysis of cancer patients using a new Lomax Rayleigh distribution." Journal of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Informatics 19, no. 1 (2023): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jamsi-2023-0002.

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Abstract A new Lomax Rayleigh distribution (NLRD) is proposed and generated using Transformed Transformer (T-X) family generator. Various structural properties like generating functions, moments, limiting form, quantile function median and mode of NLRD are studied. Maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the parameters are obtained and the model fitting is tested with simulated data. Model adequacy with live data is explained with two real-time cancer data sets. The NLRD shows a better fit in the estimation of survival in bile duct cancer and head and neck cancer data than other existing distr

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38

Ramalho, Jairo Valões de Alencar, Ruth Da Silva Brum, Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha, Liércio André Isoldi, Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos, and Mariane Sulzbacher. "Fitting new constructal models for the thermal potential of earth-air heat exchangers." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 40, no. 1 (2018): 30897. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v40i1.30897.

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Relying on the Constructal Design method, this paper introduces new periodic models for the thermal potential of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers (Eahe). As a case study, it analyses the best spacing for three ducts arranged triangularly in order to maximize the heat transfer between soil and air. More specifically, the ratio between the horizontal and vertical spaces among the ducts is set free to vary up to limiting global constraints. This paper aims to better understand how the variations in affect the thermal performance of Eahe. As an additional contribution, some relationships between and the

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39

Xiong, Dahong, Kui Fang, Ying Luo, and Xiaopeng Dai. "Modeling of Duck Density and Complex Stocking Time in Rice-Duck Agroecosystems in Terms of Economic and Ecological Benefits." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/487537.

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Rice-duck integrated farming is an effective step under today’s sustainable development background. To make better economic and ecological benefits, a rice-duck agroecosystem is established and kept, in which the paddy field, rice, and the duck mutually promote one another. But the duck density and complex stocking time must be rationally selected. Aiming to attain quantitative assessment and optimal selection of the duck density and complex stocking time in this kind of systems, a methodology based on proposed mathematical models in terms of comparative economic and ecological benefits is add

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40

Gong, Xiaoyan, Congcong Jia, Kang Sun, et al. "Distribution Law and Prediction Model of Dust Concentration under Airflow Adjustment in Fully Mechanized Heading Face." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (July 21, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6210704.

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The current situation of extensive ventilation management for the fully mechanized heading face cannot dynamically control air velocity and make reasonable dust migration distribution, resulting in serious disaster of dust and environmental pollution in the roadway. In this paper, the fluid mechanics, finite element numerical simulation, and underground measurement were combined to analyze the distribution of dust concentration under the variable airflow state at the duct outlet to obtain the massive correlation data of duct outlet parameters and dust concentration. For the pedestrian breathin

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41

Salehi, Mohammad, Ahmad K. Sleiti, and Stephen Idem. "Study to identify computational fluid dynamics models for use in determining HVAC duct fitting loss coefficients." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 23, no. 1 (2016): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2016.1204889.

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42

Marsilio, Roberto, and Gino Moretti. "Shock-fitting method for two-dimensional inviscid, steady supersonic flows in ducts." Meccanica 24, no. 4 (1989): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01556453.

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43

Lieng, Phatpisey, and Kiattisak Sangpradit. "Study on duck weight estimation by using image processing." E3S Web of Conferences 187 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018702001.

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The objective of this research was to process digital image to investigate the possibility of ducks weight estimation based on the software LabVIEW with the vision builder. In this study the images were record by the top-view camera. An ellipse fitting algorithm was applied to localize ducks within the stall. Estimating duck weight consists of these steps. First, image acquisition. Second, counts pixel of the samples. Third calculate duck weight by using samples pixel as the output. Results from this study showed that, the estimated ducks weight by using digital photos had 3.27% of the error w

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44

Li, Li, Qiaohua Wang, Fujiong Weng, and Cheng Yuan. "Nondestructive Visual Inspection Method of Double-Yolked Duck Egg." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 33, no. 05 (2019): 1955006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001419550061.

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Duck eggs are rich in good protein and deeply favored by consumers. Among them, double-yolked duck eggs have high commercial value but are not easy to incubate, so they are often picked out by inspection before processing, circulation or being incubated in egg products industry. This paper used the computer vision technology on single- and double-yolked duck eggs with similar shape and size that were hard to distinguish merely by their external characteristics, studied the effective image processing algorithm and built a cognition model. Then, we collected duck eggs’ transmission light color i

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45

Wang, Ye Qin, Ya Juan Chen, and Yan Yang. "Research on the Method of Quality Detection of Duck Egg Based on Computer Vision." Applied Mechanics and Materials 65 (June 2011): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.524.

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In order to achieve the intelligence quality detection of duck eggs, the method of weight and yolk color detection of duck eggs based on computer vision was presented. First, based on the maximum entropy principle, the two-dimensional threshold segmentation and mathematical morphology processing were done. Secondly, the relationship between the duck eggs image areas and the weights was established by using polynomial fitting method, and the experiment showed that the detection errors were within ± 2g and the average error was minus 0.13353g. Finally, by using the method of integration of color

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Pavlo, Kryvenko, Rudenko Igor, and Konstantynovskyi Oleksandr. "Design of slag cement, activated by Na (K) salts of strong acids, for concrete reinforced with steel fittings." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 6 (108) (2020): 28–40. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.217002.

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  This paper proposes a technique to prevent the corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete based on slag cement (SC) activated by Na(K) salts of strong acids (SSA) in the composition of by-pass cement kiln dust (BP). The technique implies using additional modifiers in the form of the Portland cement CEM I 42,5 R and the calcium-aluminate admixture (CAA) С<sub>3</sub>А∙6H<sub>2</sub>O. It is shown that adding the Portland cement contributes to enhancing the intensifying influence of BP on the SC hydration, accompanied by an increase in the strength of artificial stone. This effect is pr

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Tao, Y., W. Adler, and E. Specht. "Numerical analysis of multiple jets discharging into a confined cylindrical crossflow." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 216, no. 3 (2002): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440802320225383.

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A row of jets discharging normally into a confined cylindrical crossflow is numerically investigated using the control-volume-based finite difference method. Interest is focused on determining the relationship between the temperature trajectory and the upstream flow and geometric variables. Parameter variations studied include nozzle diameter, number of nozzles, duct radius, jet and mainstream volume-flow, temperature ratio, and dynamic pressure ratio. The dynamic pressure ratio, the number of nozzles, and nozzle spacing are found to be significant variables. A logarithmic function describing

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Fuentes-Vélez, Susana, Sharmila Fagoonee, Alessandro Sanginario, Marco Pizzi, Fiorella Altruda, and Danilo Demarchi. "Electrical Impedance-Based Characterization of Hepatic Tissue with Early-Stage Fibrosis." Biosensors 12, no. 2 (2022): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020116.

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Liver fibrosis is a key pathological precondition for hepatocellular carcinoma in which the severity is confidently correlated with liver cancer. Liver fibrosis, characterized by gradual cell loss and excessive extracellular matrix deposition, can be reverted if detected at the early stage. The gold standard for staging and diagnosis of liver fibrosis is undoubtedly biopsy. However, this technique needs careful sample preparation and expert analysis. In the present work, an ex vivo, minimally destructive, label-free characterization of liver biopsies is presented. Through a custom-made experim

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Tarafder, Md Shahjada, Md Imdadul Haque, Md Asaduzzaman, and Md Zahidul Islam Laku. "Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic performance of conventional and ducted propellers." Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 20, no. 3 (2023): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3329/jname.v20i3.69990.

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An efficient and optimized propeller can reduce ship operating costs substantially. The recent development of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has a significant impact on the initial stage of propeller design. Being motivated by the success of a CFD approach known as Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation (RANSE) in solving many hydrodynamic problems, this paper explores the use of RANSE solver to estimate propeller open water characteristics. Multiple RANSE solvers can be used for CFD simulation. Among these k-ϵ turbulence model is used for its better performance on propeller analysis. Nu

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Zipkin, Elise F., Jeffery B. Leirness, Brian P. Kinlan, Allan F. O’Connell, and Emily D. Silverman. "Fitting statistical distributions to sea duck count data: Implications for survey design and abundance estimation." Statistical Methodology 17 (March 2014): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stamet.2012.10.002.

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