Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ductile cast iron

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ductile cast iron'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 January 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ductile cast iron"

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Dan, L. O., and L. O. Trofimova. "On the role of residual austenite in improving the complex of properties of ductile cast iron." Reporter of the Priazovskyi State Technical University. Section: Technical sciences, no. 45 (December 29, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31498/2225-6733.45.2022.276233.

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This article is analyzing the prospects and ways to expand the field of applying ductile cast iron-high-strength cast iron in technology. Ductile cast iron occupies a special place among structural materials. With the same level of mechanical properties, having less specific weight than steel, it provides less weight of products in comparison with steel. This reduces the consumption of raw materials and energy resources in the manufacture and operation of machines and mechanisms. There is a positive effect both in terms of economy and ecology. In addition, ductile cast iron has better casting properties than steel. In recent years, scientists and engineers have focused their efforts on finding new ways to improve the complex of mechanical and operational properties of ductile cast iron. This will make it possible to expand the field of their application and obtain additional advantages. A very effective direction – obtaining bainite matrix and a great amount of stable austenite in the structure of ductile cast iron by heat treatment allows to realize martensitic transformation in the most loaded parts during their operation and thereby increases adaptability. In this case, in addition to the traditional type of heat treatment - one-stage isothermal hardening, the technology of two-stage isothermal hardening is actively implemented, which allows for providing more dispersed ferrite and more stable austenite in the structure. A fundamentally new approach to obtaining the favorable microstructure of ductile cast iron is the organization of a foundry and heat treatment complex that makes it possible to obtain the ferrite-austenite mixture in the structure of ductile cast iron directly from the cast state, bypassing a separate heat treatment operation
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Boldyrev, Denis, Sergey Nefed’ev, Ruslan Amirov, and Alexandr Koldin. "Ductile iron with nodular and compact graphite as a rational alternative to malleable cast iron." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338902019.

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There is a need for cast irons with a combined combination of properties in modern conditions. Such properties can be provided by ductile cast iron with nodular and vermicular graphite, which is essentially a hybrid cast iron in terms of microstructure. The article found that ductile iron with nodular and vermicular graphite in terms of its mechanical properties is a rational alternative to malleable cast iron, namely the grade KCh45-6 (GOST 1215-79). Also, the ratio of nodular/vermicular graphite (70…95/5…30%) was determined, which provides the data of mechanical characteristics. Differences in pearlite/ferrite ratio and hardness for ductile iron with nodular and vermicular graphite and ductile iron are shown, providing grade KCh45-6.
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Bonora, Nicola, and Andrew Ruggiero. "Micromechanical modeling of ductile cast iron incorporating damage. Part I: Ferritic ductile cast iron." International Journal of Solids and Structures 42, no. 5-6 (March 2005): 1401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.07.025.

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Mostafavi Kashani, S. M., and S. M. A. Boutorabi. "As-cast acicular ductile aluminum cast iron." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 16, no. 6 (June 2009): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(10)60022-2.

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Wei, De Qiang. "The Influence of Boron on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Bainite Ductile Iron in the Step Austempering in Room Temperature Machine Oil." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.235.

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In this paper, the low alloy bainite ductile cast iron has been obtained by a new heat treatment technique of the step austempering in room-temperature machine oil. The effects of element boron, manganese and copper on structure and mechanical properties of the bainite ductile cast Iron in above-mentioned process are investigated. The phenomenon, hardness lag of the alloyed bainite ductile cast Iron, has been discussed. It shows that after the step austempering in room-temperature machine oil, the hardness will increases with the time. It is found that boron and manganese can increase the hardness and reduce the impact strength while copper can increase the impact strength. The results show that reasonable alloyed elements can improve mechanical properties of the bainite ductile cast Iron. Essentially, hardness lag of the alloyed bainite ductile cast Iron is resulted from solute drag-like effect.
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Abdullah, Harith Hammody, Ali Awad Ibraheem, and Ahmed Abdel Ameer Khudhair. "Production of Ductile Iron Using Inside-Mold Treatment Technique." Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 9, no. 2 (October 20, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id176.

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Ductile Cast Iron is a widely used cast iron. Ductile iron applications are used in various sectors of modern mechanical industries. Ductile iron has wide uses in the field of car industry, military industries, agricultural equipment, construction and mines. The production of ductile iron faces many technical difficulties in our local factories due to the difficulty in providing equipment and technologies for its production by common methods. In this study, we resorted to applying one of the modern methods in the production of ductile iron, which is the treatment process for the molten iron in the sand mold. Magnesium alloys were added inside the sand mold within the casting stream and in the casting cavity for casting production. Specific weights were added and experiments were performed to determine the fusible chemical composition appropriate for preparing ductile cast iron. The study proved that adding magnesium alloys inside the sand mold, whether inside the mold cavity or in the casting channel, is both a successful method for producing ductile iron alloys. It is possible to produce different types of ductile iron by controlling the ratio of alloy additions to the molten metal content during casting.
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Zhang, Yu, Er Jun Guo, Li Ping Wang, Yi Cheng Feng, Si Cong Zhao, and Mei Hui Song. "Effect of Annealing Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical and Damping Properties of Ductile Iron." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.222.

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Ductile iron was prepared through Sandwich Process and annealing treatment was carried out. The effects of annealing treatment on the microstructure, mechanical and damping properties of ductile iron were studied by means of metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, universal test machine and dynamic thermal mechanical analyzer. The results show that annealing treatment has little effect on the morphology and distribution of graphite cast iron, but it will lead to the decrease of pearlite content in the matrix, the increase of ferrite content and the disappearance of cementite. Annealing transforms the fracture form of ductile iron from cleavage fracture to quasi-cleavage fracture, which greatly increases the ductile fracture area of the matrix compared with the as-cast, and tends to develop ductile fracture. The annealing treatment results in a decrease in the tensile strength of the ductile iron, but it can increase the plasticity and increase the elongation after fracture to 7.5 times that of the as-cast state. The damping value of as-cast ductile iron increases first and then decreases with the increase of temperature, and peaks at 190 °C when Q-1 is 0.025. The damping value of annealing ductile iron decreases with increasing temperature. The damping value increases with increasing strain amplitude before and after annealing. Annealing treatment will reduce the sensitivity of the damping property of ductile iron to strain amplitude.
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Mnati, Ali A., Kadhim K. Resan, and Ehsan Omaraa. "Structural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Iron - Enhanced Alloyed Ductile Iron." Key Engineering Materials 924 (June 30, 2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-oko587.

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In this study, an attempt has been made to produce ductile iron or spheroidal graphite iron and to study its important properties with a view to reduce the import of machinery parts made of ductile iron. Locally available compressor scrap (i.e. the compressor cylinder) which is made from grey cast iron was used to produce ductile iron using a crucible furnace that is fired by oil. Also, recycling of the grey cast iron to ductile iron was investigated and its effect on the microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical properties and chip shape. The mechanical and structural characteristics of the ductile irons that alloyed by the supplement of Ni, Mo, Mg, and Cr were studied In this study, four kilograms of the scrap were charged into an oil-fired crucible furnace. The scrap was heated to 1400°C with using a temperature controller to monitor the temperature with an inserted thermocouple. For desulphurization, the mixture of 3 wt.% burnt lime with 1 wt.% fluorspar of scrap weight was added to the molten at 1400°C by direct tapping into the molten. Then, 2.75 wt.% nickel element, 0.75 wt.% ferromolybdenum and 0.5wt.% ferromanganese of the scrap weight were added. Also, 1.25 wt.% spheroidizing alloy (FeSiMg9) and 1wt.% inoculant alloy of scrap weight were used to treat the iron melt at 1450°C. The analysis of scrap sample and product sample was done to determine their chemical composition, tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, and microstructure. The scrap and the as-cast product analysis determine its chemical composition, tensile, impact, hardness and microstructure. The microstructures revealed that the scrap contains flake graphite and the as-cast product contains spheroid graphite. An increase of the ultimate tensile stress (537.17 MPa), elongation (10%), hardness value (480.4 HB) and impact value (11.21 J) was observed for the alloyed ductile iron as compared with the mechanical properties of grey cast iron scrap, including (247.75 MPa), (6%), (400.3 HB) and (5.66 J), respectively. One of the important conclusions is the plunge container manufactured, and that was used according to the plunging technique followed in this investigation proved successful
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Çelik, G. Aktaş, Fulya Kahrıman, Ş. Hakan Atapek, and Şeyda Polat. "Characterization of the high temperature oxidation behavior of iron based alloys used as exhaust manifolds." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818802001.

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Nowadays engine capacities of vehicles spread in a wide range due to different vehicle power demands. Power density of engines affects exhaust gas and therefore exhaust gas temperature varies from 650 °C to 1000 °C in exhaust manifolds. Depending on the exhaust gas temperature, different types of iron based alloys are used as manifold materials such as ferritic ductile cast irons (GGG40, SiMo), austenitic ductile cast irons (Ni-resist D5S), ferritic cast stainless steels (ACIHK30, AISI 409) and austenitic cast stainless steels (CF8C). In this study high temperature oxidation behavior of different cast alloys used as exhaust manifold materials like, (i) GGG40 ferritic ductile cast iron, (ii) SiMo ferritic ductile cast iron (iii) AISI 409 ferritic cast stainless steel and (iv) CF8C austenitic cast stainless steel, were investigated.
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Yang, Yun Long, Zhan Yi Cao, Yang Qi, and Yong Bing Liu. "The Study on Oxidation Resistance Properties of Ductile Cast Irons for Exhaust Manifold at High Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.530.

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The oxidation behavior of two ductile cast irons was investigated in this paper. The alloys were a high Si-Mo ductile and a ductile Ni-Resist cast iron which were developed by FAW Foundry. Polished sections were exposed at temperatures between 800 °C and 1000 °C, mostly for 80h. It has been found that the property of oxidation resistance of ductile Ni-Resist cast iron is excellent or better than that of high Si-Mo ductile by comparison and analysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ductile cast iron"

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Boeri, Roberto Enrique. "The solidification of ductile cast iron." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30598.

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The microsegregation of Mn, Cu, Cr, Mo, Ni and Si has been measured in cast ductile iron and in ductile iron which has been quenched when partially solidified. Effective segregation coefficients have been determined for each of the elements, and used to calculate the segregation on the basis of the Scheil equation. The calculated values agree reasonably well with the values of the solute concentration as a function of the solid fraction measured in quenched samples. The microstructure of the solid phases during the solidification of ductile iron has been observed. Solidification of eutectic ductile iron begins with the independent nucleation of austenite and graphite in the melt. Later the graphite nodules are enveloped by austenite, and further solidification takes place by the thickening of the austenite layers enveloping the graphite. Isolated pockets of interdendritic melt are the last material to solidify. On the basis of the measured segregation of the different alloying elements, the mechanisms by which the segregation affects the microstructure are considered, and an explanation for the effect of segregation on the hardenability of ductile iron is proposed. A mathematical model of the solidification of eutectic ductile iron is formulated which includes heat flow, nucleation and growth of graphite nodules, and the segregation of Si. The model uses equilibrium temperatures given by the ternary Fe-C-Si equilibrium diagram. Using the mathematical model, cooling curves, nodule count and nodular size distribution are determined as a function of position in the casting sample. The results are compared to measured temperatures, nodule count and nodule size in rod castings of 12.5, 20 and 43mm radius. There is good agreement between the calculated and measured values for the 43mm radius rod, and not quite good agreement for the rods of smaller radii. The changes in solidification predicted by the model when some solidification parameters are varied are consistent with experimental observations with the same variation in the parameters.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Andersson, Sofia. "Study of Dross in Ductile Cast Iron Main Shafts." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37148.

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The study of dross in ductile cast iron main shafts was performed at Global Castings Guldsmedshyttan AB and presented in this master thesis. The purpose of the study was to obtain answers to why dross defects were present in some of the foundry's casted main shafts, with the main problem located at the flange of the shaft. The chemical composition of the dross formations and which steps in the casting process that increased the dross formation were of interest. The study only included dross in main shafts manufactured at Global Castings Guldsmedshyttan AB. Dross particles form when elements such as Mg, Ca, Si and Mn react with O. These elements, which are highly reactive to O, are used in ductile cast irons to achieve the spheroidal graphite nodules that regulate the cast materials ductile properties. If a higher amount of dross particles has formed, the particles will start to cluster, resulting in a growing dross formation. Dross formations works as surface crack initiation points and reduces the castings fatigue strength and ductility. During the study it was seen that the cause of dross formations is a combination of many parameters increasing the melts exposure to O resulting in dross defects. The dross formations could be connected to worn out ladles, low melt temperatures, incorrect additions of Mg treatment, lack of an extra slag removal station and finally turbulence as the melt were poured into the mould. At Global Castings Guldsmedshyttan AB a greater part of the main shafts containing dross defects were a result of worn out ladles and low melt temperatures. The types of dross found in the main shaft material were mainly Mg, Ca, Si and Al which had reacted with O. S bonded with Mg and Ca was also detected in the dross formations. It was shown that the dross particles could be derived from charge material, Mg treatment and inoculation. To avoid dross defects the first step would be to set up an extra slag station, shorten the interval of maintenance of the ladles and to better adjust the melt temperature to the condition of the specific ladle. To minimize dross due to excess Mg a better controlled process would be recommended with an increased number of monitored manufacturing parameters.
Studien av dross i axlar tillverkade av segjärn gjordes hos Global Castings Guldsmedshyttan AB och presenteras i denna examensrapport. Syftet med studien var att hitta anledningar till varför drossdefekter bildas i flänsen på vissa av gjuteriets tillverkade axlar. Drossens kemiska komposition likväl de steg i tillverkningsprocessen som inverkade på drossbildning var av intresse. Studien inkluderade endast drossdefekter i axlar tillverkade av Global Castings Guldsmedshyttan AB. Drosspartiklas bildas när till exempel Mg, Ca, Si och Mg reagerar med O. Dessa ämnen, vilka är väldigt reaktiva med syre, används vid framställning av segjärn för att de sfäriska grafitnodulerna som starkt reglerar materialets duktila egenskaper ska bildas. Ett större antal drosspartiklar i en smälta leder till kluster av dross vilka växer i takt med att nya partiklar bildas. Dross fungerar som sprickinitieringspunkter i gjutgodsytor och reducerar godsets utmattningshållfasthet och duktilitet.   Under studien kunde det ses att dross bildas på grund av en kombination av parametrar som ökar smältans exponering av syre vilket resulterar i drossdefekter. Drossdefekter kunde kopplas till slitna skänkar, låga smälttemperaturer, felaktig mängd magnesiumbehandling, brist på en extra slaggstation och slutligen turbulens när smätan hälls i formen. Hos Global Castings Guldsmedshyttan AB är en stor del av axlarna med drossdefekter ett resultat av framför allt slitna skänkar och låga smälttemperaturer. Vid analys sågs det att ett antal olika typer av drosspartiklar kan bildas i det duktila gjutjärn som används till axlarna; främst Mg, Ca, Si och Al som reagerat med O. Mg och Ca som bundit med S kunde också hittas i vissa av de studerade drossformationerna. Det kunde visas att den kemiska kompositionen i drosspartiklarna var härrörande från grundmaterialet, magnesiumbehandlingen och ympmedlet.  Ett första steg Global Castings Guldsmedshyttan AB skulle kunna ta för att undvika drossdefekter är att ha en extra slaggstation, införa tätare underhåll av skänkarna och bättre anpassa smälttemperaturen till skicket på den specifika skänken. För att minimera dross som bildats på grund av ett överskott av Mg skulle en mer kontrollerad process rekommenderas med ett ökat antal bevakade tillverkningsparametrar.
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Zambrano, Habib. "Fatigue Assessment of Notches and Cracks in Ductile Cast Iron." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produktutvikling og materialer, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14632.

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The steadily increasing use of ductile cast iron and the necessity for building larger cast components present new challenges to the designers. In despite of large cast components are designed adhered to standards, unexpected failure sometime occurs. One reason is the inevitable manufacturing defects containing within the cast components that behave like cracks under cyclic loading. In addition the probability of a large defect to be situated at a critical region of the component increases with the size. Another reason is the effect of geometric discontinuities such as holes, threads and fillets, which are part unavoidable of the designs. These discontinuities that are usually called notches disturb the stress field and cause high local stress concentration. Thus dealing with these severe stress risers (defects and notches) is not an easy task. Therefore most designers resort to use very high and unnecessary safety factors.
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Taivalkoski, Olivia. "Evaluation of material properties after laser welding on ductile cast iron." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254653.

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Scania wants to lower the weight of their trucks, including the goal to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions, and one way to do that is to use laser welding instead of fastenings.This bachelor thesis work is about laser welding of ductile cast iron, or spheroidal graphite cast iron or nodular cast iron, to QT-steels and case hardening steel and evaluation of the mechanical properties of the weld. Also laser welding of cast steel to the same two materials are being evaluated in this work. Tests are done to evaluate the effect on the material from laser welding. The tests are tensile tests and Vickers hardness test; both across and along the weld and in some areas of interest. EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) is used to analyze the composition in the weld and light optical microscope is used to look at the fusion zone (FZ) and the heat affected zone (HAZ). The results shows that the hardness is high in the heat affected zone due to the formation of martensite and that the materials mix more towards the root of the weld. The materials also mix more if the weld depth is deeper. The width of the heat affected zone seems to be longer if the heat input is higher. It is also clear that welding of cast steel is less complicated than the welding of ductile cast iron. That is because ductile cast iron gets a hard and brittle heat affected zone (HAZ) while the cast steel does not. The cast steel can also be welded without filler wire without getting to hard or to brittle. If laser welding is to be used in the future the component should be constructed in such a way that the fusion zone is not carrying the main load. Tests on fatigue strength should also first be done on a finished component as it cannot be tested on the samples in this work. This work was conducted at Scania AB and the royal institute of technology, KTH, in Sweden.
Scania vill sänka vikten på sina lastbilar, bland annat för att minska utsläppen av koldioxid, och ett sätt att göra det är att lasersvetsa istället för att använda bultar. Detta kandidatexamensarbete handlar om lasersvetsning av segjärn, eller nodulärt gjutjärn som det också kallas, till seghärdningsstål och sätthärdningsstål samt utvärdering av svetsens mekaniska egenskaper. Även lasersvetsning av gjutstål till samma stålsorter som ovan utvärderas i detta arbete.Tester görs för att utvärdera effekten på materialet från lasersvetsningen. Testerna är dragprov och Vickers hårdhetstestning; både tvärs över och längs med svetsen samt även i vissa områden av särskilt intresse. EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) används för att analysera sammansättningen i svetsen och ljusoptiskt mikroskop används för att se svetsgodset och den värmepåverkade zonen. Resultaten visar att hårdheten går upp i den värmepåverkade zonen på grund av martensit bildning och att materialen blandar sig mer närmare svetsroten. Materialen blandar sig också mer om svetsdjupet är djupare. Den värmepåverkade zonens bredd verkar vara större om sträckenergin är hög. Det står också klart att svetsning av gjutstål är mindre komplicerat än svetsning av segjärn eftersom segjärnet får en hög hårdhet i den värmepåverkade zonen medan det inte alls blir så för gjutstålet. Gjutstålet kunde också svetsas utan tillsatsmaterial utan att få ett för hårt eller sprött svetsgods. Om man vill använda lasersvetsning i framtiden ska komponenter konstrueras så att svetsen inte bär huvudvikten eftersom resultatet visar att svetsgodset får lägre brottgräns. Utmattningstester borde också göras på en färdig komponent eftersom det inte kan testas på proven från det här arbetet. Detta arbete utfördes på Scania AB och Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, KTH, i Sverige.
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Ekström, Madeleine. "Development of a ferritic ductile cast iron for improved life in exhaust applications." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mekanisk metallografi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122006.

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Due to coming emission legislations, the temperature is expected to increase in heavy-duty diesel engines, specifically in the hot-end of the exhaust system affecting components, such as exhaust- and turbo manifolds. Since the current material in the turbo manifold, a ductile cast iron named SiMo51, is operating close to its limits there is a need for material development in order to maintain a high durability of these components. When designing for increased life, many material properties need to be considered, for example, creep-, corrosion- and fatigue resistance. Among these, the present work focuses on the latter two up to 800°C improving the current material by additions of Cr, for corrosion resistance, and Ni, for mechanical properties. The results show improved high-temperature corrosion resistance in air from 0.5 and 1wt% Cr additions resulting in improved barrier layer at the oxide/metal interface. However, during oxidation in exhaust-gases, which is a much more demanding environment compared to air, such improvement could not be observed. Addition of 1wt% Ni was found to increase the fatigue life up to 250°C, resulting from solution strengthening of the ferritic matrix. However, Ni was also found to increase the oxidation rates, as no continuous SiO2-barrier layers were formed in the presence of Ni. Since none of the tested alloys showed improved material properties in exhaust gases at high temperature, it is suggested that the way of improving performance of exhaust manifolds is to move towards austenitic ductile cast irons or cast stainless steels. One alloy showing good high-temperature oxidation properties in exhaust atmospheres is an austenitic cast stainless steel named HK30. This alloy formed adherent oxide scales during oxidation at 900°C in gas mixtures of 5%O2-10%H2O-85%N2 and 5%CO2-10%H2O-85%N2 and in air. In the two latter atmospheres, compact scales of (Cr, Mn)-spinel and Cr2O3 were formed whereas in the atmosphere containing 5%O2 and 10%H2O, the scales were more porous due to increased Fe-oxide formation. Despite the formation of a protective, i.e. compact and adherent, oxide scale on HK30, exposure to exhaust-gas condensate showed a detrimental effect in form of oxide spallation and metal release. Thus, proving the importance of taking exhaust-gas condensation, which may occur during cold-start or upon cooling of the engine, into account when selecting a new material for exhaust manifolds.

QC 20130508

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Ozcan, Alper. "The Effect Of Sn Content And Isothermal Transformation Temperature On The Mechanical Properties Of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1055359/index.pdf.

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In this study the effects of Sn content and isothermal transformation temperature on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation and hardness of austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) was investigated. To determine the possible effect of Sn on these properties the Sn content of standard GGG30, GGG40 and GGG50 materials were taken as reference, whose chemical compositions vary from 0,016 to 0,050% in terms of Sn. However the Sn content was increased to a maximum of 0,26% for investigating the effect of Sn on mechanical properties. The test specimens were obtained from standard 1-in Y-blocks and austenitized at 925oC for 1 hour and austempered at 350oC,375oC, 400oC and 420oC for 60 minutes in a salt bath. Microstructural examination of the specimens were also done. To determine the amount of retained austenite of the specimens X-Ray analyses were used. As a result of the study The UTS increases up to 0,1% Sn and then levels off. A similar behavior is observed in the variation of hardness. Percent elongation decreases and falls to a minimum around 0,1% Sn, from this point on, a slight increase is observed. Strength and hardness increase while percent elongation decreases with decreasing temperatures.
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Sofia, Wännman. "Influence of Nitrocarburization on Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Properties : Material Characterization of Ductile Cast Iron for Exhaust Components." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-69160.

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The large number of vehicles operating on the roads cause high emissions and consequently a negative effect on the environment. When developing and optimizing internal combustion engines, certain requirements must be considered, which are environmental regulations, reduced fuel consumption and increased specific power. In order to meet these demands, an increase of the engine combustion pressure will occur usually accompanied with a temperature increase. During start-up and shut-down of an engine, it is subjected to cyclic thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) loads. The turbo manifold and exhaust manifolds connected to the engine is also subjected to these thermo-mechanical fatigue loads and thereby exposed to alternating tensile and compression loads. As these TMF loads will increase in the near future due to the development and optimization of internal combustion engines, it is important to understand the limitations of the material for these loads. In collaboration with Scania CV AB in Södertälje, this thesis covers the investigation of influence of nitrocarburizing (NC) on TMF properties of three ductile irons (DCI) labelled HiSi, SiMo51 and SiMo1000 intended to be used for components in the exhaust system. Nitrocarburizing is a thermo-chemical process where nitrogen and carbon diffuses from the process medium into the surface zone of a ferrous metal. The purpose of the NC is to increase the wear properties in contact areas between different parts. The oxidation with and without nitrocarburizing are studied both after isothermal and stress free oxidation tests at 780 °C and after TMF loads with combined cyclic variation of mechanical and thermal loads. In addition, the properties such as hardness, defects, porosity, microstructure, composition of both the materials and of the oxide layer have been investigated. For SiMo1000+NC cracks formed during nitrocarburizing were positioned parallel to the surface edge in the diffusion zone and consequently an increased diffusion of nitrogen into the material, i.e. deeper diffusion depth. SiMo1000+NC showed highest hardness, highest compressive residual stresses and thickest oxide layer. SiMo1000 showed highest resistance against oxidation due to the protective aluminum oxide layer. Oxide crack initiations after thermo-mechanical tests with a protective silicon oxide layer around the cracks for HiSi and SiMo51 and a protective aluminum oxide layer around the cracks for SiMo1000. In materials with nitrocarburizing, these protective layers of either silicon oxide or aluminum oxide were more distributed into the material. In SiMo1000+NC, crack initiations were not oxidized.
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Mäkinen, Katri. "Optimisation of local material parameters : Optimising local material parameters in ductile cast iron cylinder head casting." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Material och tillverkning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54500.

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The constantly tightening emission regulations demand the engines to be moreefficient, to get more power out of smaller engines. Higher engine loads andcomponent temperatures are causing more stresses to engine components. Therefore,a company that produces engines wanted to study if it would be possible to increasethe capabilities of the components by optimising the used material. In this final project work, a cylinder head will be studied. The cylinder heads for theengines are made of ductile cast iron. The limits of that material are near safety limits,and therefore a better material is needed. In this work are some previous studiesanalysed and tried to find how to optimise the used material. The optimised materialshould have better thermal conductivity properties combined with sufficient strengthproperties. Previous studies were analysed to gather knowledge of the elements that affect thematerial parameters. Those studies showed that copper, silicon, pearlite fraction, andthe use of chills are the elements to be optimised. Silicon and pearlite fraction waschosen as optimisation parameters because of their effect on the thermal conductivityand strength properties. Copper was chosen as an optimisation variable due to its effecton the pearlite formation. Chills were used to affect the cooling rate and thereby thepearlite formation. The work was made using MAGMASOFT™ simulation software to simulate cylinderhead casting. The simulated cylinder head was divided into 4 parts for the simulations.For those sections were then set targets for pearlite fraction according to previousstudies. The silicon content was kept constant in the simulation, based on the studiespresented in this work. Copper content was simulated with variations from 0 to 0.7weight-%, and chill heights were simulated from 20 to 60 mm and without chills. After simulating the different variables, the results were analysed. Then the selectedcasting simulation result was mapped to finite element simulation mesh to include thelocal material parameters to finite element simulation. With the finite elementsimulation, the estimated lifetime of the component was simulated. By analysing the casting simulation results, an optimal combination was found. Theoptimal material parameters for a cylinder head casting would be copper 0.5weight-%, silicon 1.9 weight-% and chills thicker than 40 mm on the flame plate. Theoptimised material gives more possibilities to develop engines even further when thecomponent demands are growing.
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Eymard, Stéphanie. "Contribution à la valorisation tribologique des huiles de transformateur usagées." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0017.

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Les prévisions alarmistes en ressources naturelles encouragent la recherche de solutions alternatives au niveau mondial. Le recyclage devient alors un défi majeur pour la société, en particulier pour les produits dérivés du pétrole comme les huiles de transformateur. Cette étude est basée sur la recherche de nouvelles voies de revalorisation de ces huiles, par l’analyse critique du contexte concurrentiel, des segments de marché potentiels, ainsi que des propriétés physico-chimiques de ces huiles. Nous nous sommes attachés à déterminer l’adéquation des performances et caractéristiques des huiles de transformateur régénérées aux exigences propres au marché de l’usinage et de la mise en forme des métaux. L’usure des matériaux dans le cadre de la lubrification limite et au-delà, est un domaine d’étude complexe combinant la mécanique, la physique du solide, la chimie ainsi que la thermodynamique des phénomènes irréversibles. Dans le cadre de cette étude les performances d’hydrocarbures neufs, usagés (pollué par les Polychlorobiphényls) et régénérés, ayant des propriétés physico-chimiques et rhéologiques proches, sont comparés dans le cadre d’essais sclérométriques et tribométriques sur une fonte à graphite sphéroïdal, matériau de frottement largement employé dans l’industrie du transport. Une séquence de techniques d’analyse de surface est développée afin de caractériser les morphologies des surfaces et quantifier les déformations de matières résultantes du frottement. La complémentarité des essais sclérométriques et tribométriques, qui permettent d’étudier les performances des hydrocarbures dans différents états de contraintes, respectivement de compression et de cisaillement, révèlent les bonnes performances des huiles de transformateurs régénérées. En quantifiant spécifiquement les performances des huiles revalorisée à travers la détermination de paramètres tribologiques classiques, comme les taux de déformations, les coefficients de frottements ou encore les temps d’initiation au grippage. La composition finale de l’huile régénérée, à savoir la longueur des chaines hydrocarbonées, les teneurs en eau et en PCB, conditionne son comportement tribologique. Suite à ce bilan positif portant sur les performances des huiles de transformateur régénérées en usure abrasive et catastrophique, la mise en forme des métaux peut être identifiée comme une nouvelle voie de valorisation matière de ces huiles
The alarming forecasts of natural resources encourage worldwide the search for alternative solutions. Hence recycling becomes a major challenge for society, especially for petroleum products such as transformer oils. This study is based on finding new ways of valorizing these oils, which is a complex problem that must meet the economic, political, regulatory, environmental and scientific constraints and challenges. A critical analysis of the competitive environment, of the potential market segments, as well as physic-chemical properties of these oils is the basis to determine new ways of revalorization. In this study, we attempted to determine the suitability and performance characteristics of transformer oil regenerated to the specific requirements of the machining and shaping of metals. The wear of materials under boundary lubrication and beyond this regime, is a complex area of study combining mechanics, solid state physics, chemistry and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. In this study the performance of new, used ( polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls ) and regenerated oils with close physic-chemical and rheological properties are compared in scratch test and tribometric with a ductile cast iron, which is friction material widely used in the transportation industry. A sequence of surface analysis techniques is developed to characterize the morphologies of the surfaces and quantify the resulting deformation of the friction material. The complementarity of scratch an tribometric tests for the study of the performance of hydrocarbons in different stress states, respectively compression and shear, reveals the good performances of regenerated transformer oils. This study has allowed discriminating the behavior of various origins oils under conditions of extreme friction, and specifically quantifying the performance of the regenerated oils through the determination of classical tribological parameters such as rate of deformation, friction coefficients or time to seizure. The final composition of the regenerated oils, ie the length and nature of the hydrocarbon chains, the water and PCBs content and the presence of polar molecules, determines its tribological behavior. Thus, the study showed that the performance of regenerated oils increases with the water and PCB content. Following this positive assessment on the regenerated oil performances in case of abrasive and catastrophic wear, machining and shaping of metals can be identified as a new way for regenerated transformers oils
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Kiattisaksri, Chatcharit. "Time-Resolved and In-Situ Study on Evolution of Spheroidal Graphite Nodules and Volume Change During Solidification in Ductile Cast Iron." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244548.

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Books on the topic "Ductile cast iron"

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Dorazil, Eduard. High strength austempered ductile cast iron. 2nd ed. Prague: Academia, 1991.

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Dorazil, E. High strength austempered ductile cast iron. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1991.

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American Water Works Association. Standards Committee A21 on Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings., ed. Ductile-iron pipe and fittings. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 1996.

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Lerner, Yury S. Modern casting of ductile iron. Schaumburg, Ill: American Foundry Society, 2006.

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Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association (U.S.), ed. Installation guide for ductile iron pipe. Birmingham, AL: Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association, 1994.

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Association, American Water Works, ed. Ductile-iron pipe and fittings. 3rd ed. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 2009.

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(Canada), Nickel Development Institute. Properties and applications of Ni-resist and ductile Ni-resist alloys. Toronto, Ont: Nickel Development Institute, 1998.

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J, Szeliga Michael, and NACE International, eds. Corrosion of ductile iron piping: A compilation of classic NACE papers. Houston, TX: NACE International, 1995.

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Muster, T. H. Life expectancy of cement mortar linings in cast and ductile iron pipes. Denver, Colo: Water Research Foundation, 2011.

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University of Toronto. Dept. of Civil Engineering., ed. Evaluation and testing of cast iron and ductile iron water main samples: Final report to the City of Toronto. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ductile cast iron"

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Kobayashi, Toshiro. "Ductile Cast Iron." In Strength and Toughness of Materials, 89–110. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53973-5_5.

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Pero-Sanz Elorz, José Antonio, Daniel Fernández González, and Luis Felipe Verdeja. "Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons (or Ductile Cast Iron)." In Physical Metallurgy of Cast Irons, 105–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97313-5_7.

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Górny, Marcin. "General Characteristic of the Ductile and Compacted Graphite Cast Iron." In Microstructure and Properties of Ductile Iron and Compacted Graphite Iron Castings, 109–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14583-9_6.

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El-Shennawy, M., and A. A. Omar. "Similar and Dissimilar Welding of Ductile Cast Iron." In Proceedings of the 36th International MATADOR Conference, 297–302. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-432-6_68.

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Onsøien, Morten I. "In-Mold Thermal Analysis of Ductile Cast Iron." In Shape Casting, 95–102. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062050.ch12.

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Pedersen, Karl Martin, and Niels Tiedje. "Solidification of Hypereutectic Thin Wall Ductile Cast Iron." In Materials Science Forum, 63–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-991-1.63.

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Li, Chun-Qing, and Wei Yang. "Corrosion impact on mechanical properties of cast iron and ductile iron." In Steel Corrosion and Degradation of its Mechanical Properties, 89–133. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003119791-4.

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Hara, Takamichi, Kenta Kuroki, Susumu Ikeno, Seiji Saikawa, Kiyoshi Terayama, and Kenji Matsuda. "Influence of Trace Sb Addition in Ductile Cast Iron." In PRICM, 3435–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch425.

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Hara, Takamichi, Takahiro Kitagawa, Susumu Ikeno, Seiji Saikawa, Kiyoshi Terayama, and Kenji Matsuda. "TEM Observation of Spheroidal Graphite in Ductile Cast Iron." In PRICM, 3459–64. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch428.

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Takamichi, Hara, Kuroki Kenta, Ikeno Susumu, Saikawa Seiji, Terayama Kiyoshi, and Matsuda Kenji. "Influence of Trace Sb Addition in Ductile Cast Iron." In Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, 3435–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_425.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ductile cast iron"

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Warnke, E. P., W. Steinwarz, W. Sowa, and R. Hu¨ggenberg. "Ductile Cast Iron for Transportation Cask Bodies." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4528.

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Casks for transportation and storage are necessary for the handling of spent fuel elements and other radioactive waste. These casks must provide sufficient shielding against nuclear radiation, safe confinement even under severe hypothetical mechanical and thermal accident conditions and assurance of the subcriticality of the content under these conditions. Since more than 20 years ductile cast iron is established as a well qualified and proven material for the fabrication of the cask body of the CASTOR and MOSAIK type casks.
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Blount, Joshua. "How to Identify Cast Iron and Ductile Iron Pipe." In Pipelines 2022. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484289.026.

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Neyhouse, Jeffrey R., Jose M. Aurrecoechea, J. Preston Montague, and John D. Lilley. "Cast Iron-Nickel Alloy for Industrial Gas Turbine Engine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68837.

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Austenitic ductile iron castings have traditionally been used for gas turbine exhaust components that require castability, good machinability, low thermal expansion, and high strength at elevated temperatures. The achievement of optimum properties in austenitic ductile irons hinges on the ability of the foundry to produce nodular graphite in the microstructure throughout the component. In large, complex components, consistently producing nodular graphite is challenging. A high-nickel steel alloy that is suitable for sand castings has been recently developed for industrial gas turbine engine applications. The alloy exhibits similar mechanical and physical properties to austenitic ductile irons, but with improved processability and ductility. This alloy is weldable and exhibits no secondary graphite phase. This paper presents the results of a characterization program conducted on a 35% nickel, high-alloy steel. The results are compared with an austenitic ductile iron of similar composition. Tensile and creep properties from ambient temperature to 760°C (1400°F) are included, along with fabrication experience gained during the manufacture of several sand cast components at Solar Turbines Incorporated. The alloy has been successfully adopted for gas turbine exhaust system components and other applications where austenitic ductile irons have traditionally been utilized. The low carbon content of austenitic steels permits improved weldabilty and processing characteristics over austenitic ductile irons. The enhancements provided by the alloy indicate that additional applications, as both austenitic ductile iron replacements and new components, will arise in the future.
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PSODA, MAREK, and JANUSZ J. BUCKI. "QUANTITATIVE PHASE ANALYSIS OF AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE CAST IRON." In Proceedings of the XIX Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702913_0040.

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Fahmy, Ahmed, and M. Hesham El Naggar. "Uplift Performance of Spun-Cast Ductile Iron Piles." In Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479742.159.

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Tobinaga, Hironobu, Minoru Murayama, and Eiki Yamaguchi. "Highway bridge deck made of ductile-cast-iron." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1519.

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<p>The application of ductile cast iron to a bridge deck is explored. Produced by casting, the deck can be of any shape without welding and expected to have little possibility of fatigue crack. The deck would be light, about a half of the RC deck, so that it could enhance the seismic resistance of a bridge. The deck is designed following the Japanese design specifications for steel highway bridges. The design is done by 3-D FEM. Through computational simulations and actual casting trials, the ductile cast-iron deck panel with uniform material property is produced successfully. To investigate its structural behavior, the panel is loaded statically. Ductile structural behavior is observed without initiating cracks. Fatigue test is carried out. No fatigue cracks occur even when the number of the loading cycles reaches 10,000,000. The wheel load running test of the 12 deck panels was conducted, ensuring that a very good fatigue resistance．</p>
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Tobinaga, Hironobu, Minoru Murayama, and Eiki Yamaguchi. "Highway bridge deck made of ductile-cast-iron." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1519.

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<p>The application of ductile cast iron to a bridge deck is explored. Produced by casting, the deck can be of any shape without welding and expected to have little possibility of fatigue crack. The deck would be light, about a half of the RC deck, so that it could enhance the seismic resistance of a bridge. The deck is designed following the Japanese design specifications for steel highway bridges. The design is done by 3-D FEM. Through computational simulations and actual casting trials, the ductile cast-iron deck panel with uniform material property is produced successfully. To investigate its structural behavior, the panel is loaded statically. Ductile structural behavior is observed without initiating cracks. Fatigue test is carried out. No fatigue cracks occur even when the number of the loading cycles reaches 10,000,000. The wheel load running test of the 12 deck panels was conducted, ensuring that a very good fatigue resistance．</p>
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Futas, Peter, Alena Pribulova, Marcela Pokusova, Andrea Junakova, and Vladimir Sabik. "POSSIBILITIES OF AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON (ADI) PRODUCTION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s04.056.

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ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron) - a bainitic ductile iron in which the resulting structure is obtained by the isothermal decay of austenite in the bainite region is currently a very promising material, which has a very wide application in various industries. It is characterized by a particularly favorable combination of strength and ductility, which exceeds the properties of heat-treated steels in the strength range of 800 - 1500 MPa. Its production is problematic because the ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic SGI (spheroidal graphite iron), which is a precursor in the preparation of ADI cast iron, has to meet demanding metallurgical properties, especially as many regular graphite globules evenly distributed in the matrix. The aim of this article is to present a method of metallurgical processing of SGI in such a way as to ensure the quality of the melt required for the preparation of ADI cast iron with respect to elimination of environmental impacts, i.e. inmold modification, as traditional SGI production causes exothermic reaction. work environment. Another possibility to influence the metallurgical quality of SGI cast iron is the action a magnetic field acting on the solidifying melt of SGI, which leads to improvement the metallurgical as well as mechanical properties of SGI.
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Yang, Jianghuai, and Susil K. Putatunda. "Strain Hardening Behavior of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron (ADI)." In SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0743.

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Chuzhoy, L., R. E. DeVor, S. G. Kapoor, and D. J. Bammann. "Microstructure-Level Modeling of Ductile Iron Machining." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/med-23314.

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Abstract A microstructure-level model for simulation of machining of cast irons using the finite element method is presented. The model explicitly combines ferritic and pearlitic grains with graphite nodules to produce the ductile iron structure. The behaviors of pearlite, ferrite, and graphite are captured individually using an internal state variable model for the material model. The behavior of each phase is dependent on strain, strain rate, temperature, and amount of damage. Extensive experimentation was conducted to characterize material strain rate and temperature dependency of both ferrite and pearlite. The model is applied to orthogonal machining of ductile iron. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of successfully capturing influence of microstructure on machinability and part performance. The stress, strain, temperature, and damage results obtained from the model are found to correlate well with experimental results found in the literature. Furthermore, the model is capable of handling various microstructures in other heterogeneous materials such as steels.
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Reports on the topic "Ductile cast iron"

1

Casad, Charles, Ivery Chambliss, William Thomas, and Bill Twomey. Cast Ductile Iron 155mm M804 Bodies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada224196.

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Salzbrenner, R. J. Tensile behavior of ferritic ductile cast iron. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5760712.

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Fleischman, E. H., H. Li, R. Griffin, C. E. Bates, and E. Eleftheriou. Production and Machining of Thin Wall Gray and Ductile Cast Iron. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769201.

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Balliett, Timothy D. Investigation of Cast Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) Trackshoes in T- 158 Configuration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262436.

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Salzbrenner, R. J/sub Ic/ fracture toughness of ferritic DCI (ductile cast iron) alloys: A comparison of two versions of ASTM E 813. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6238921.

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DUCTILE CAST-IRON DECK FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.k.10.

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