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Journal articles on the topic 'Ductile cast iron'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Klimek, Leszek, Grzegorz Gumienny, Bartłomiej Januszewicz, Radomir Atraszkiewicz, and Katarzyna Buczkowska. "Structural and Phase Analysis of the Ausferritic Ductile Cast Iron Matrix Obtained by Heat Treatment and in the Raw State." C 10, no. 2 (2024): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c10020045.

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of ausferritic ductile cast iron matrix obtained through heat treatment and in its raw state. Ausferrite without heat treatment was achieved by modifying the chemical composition, while nodular graphite was produced using Inmold technology. The presence of compacted graphite in the as-cast ausferritic cast iron was attributed to elements that impede the crystallization of nodular graphite. This study demonstrates that an ausferritic matrix in ductile cast iron can be achieved by incorporating molybdenum in conjunction with nickel or copper. Thermal an

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2

Boldyrev, Denis, Sergey Nefed’ev, Ruslan Amirov, and Alexandr Koldin. "Ductile iron with nodular and compact graphite as a rational alternative to malleable cast iron." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338902019.

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There is a need for cast irons with a combined combination of properties in modern conditions. Such properties can be provided by ductile cast iron with nodular and vermicular graphite, which is essentially a hybrid cast iron in terms of microstructure. The article found that ductile iron with nodular and vermicular graphite in terms of its mechanical properties is a rational alternative to malleable cast iron, namely the grade KCh45-6 (GOST 1215-79). Also, the ratio of nodular/vermicular graphite (70…95/5…30%) was determined, which provides the data of mechanical characteristics. Differences

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3

Wei, De Qiang. "The Influence of Boron on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Bainite Ductile Iron in the Step Austempering in Room Temperature Machine Oil." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.235.

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In this paper, the low alloy bainite ductile cast iron has been obtained by a new heat treatment technique of the step austempering in room-temperature machine oil. The effects of element boron, manganese and copper on structure and mechanical properties of the bainite ductile cast Iron in above-mentioned process are investigated. The phenomenon, hardness lag of the alloyed bainite ductile cast Iron, has been discussed. It shows that after the step austempering in room-temperature machine oil, the hardness will increases with the time. It is found that boron and manganese can increase the hard

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4

Çelik, G. Aktaş, Fulya Kahrıman, Ş. Hakan Atapek, and Şeyda Polat. "Characterization of the high temperature oxidation behavior of iron based alloys used as exhaust manifolds." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818802001.

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Nowadays engine capacities of vehicles spread in a wide range due to different vehicle power demands. Power density of engines affects exhaust gas and therefore exhaust gas temperature varies from 650 °C to 1000 °C in exhaust manifolds. Depending on the exhaust gas temperature, different types of iron based alloys are used as manifold materials such as ferritic ductile cast irons (GGG40, SiMo), austenitic ductile cast irons (Ni-resist D5S), ferritic cast stainless steels (ACIHK30, AISI 409) and austenitic cast stainless steels (CF8C). In this study high temperature oxidation behavior of differ

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5

Dan, L. O., and L. O. Trofimova. "On the role of residual austenite in improving the complex of properties of ductile cast iron." Reporter of the Priazovskyi State Technical University. Section: Technical sciences, no. 45 (December 29, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31498/2225-6733.45.2022.276233.

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This article is analyzing the prospects and ways to expand the field of applying ductile cast iron-high-strength cast iron in technology. Ductile cast iron occupies a special place among structural materials. With the same level of mechanical properties, having less specific weight than steel, it provides less weight of products in comparison with steel. This reduces the consumption of raw materials and energy resources in the manufacture and operation of machines and mechanisms. There is a positive effect both in terms of economy and ecology. In addition, ductile cast iron has better casting

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6

Zhang, Yu, Er Jun Guo, Li Ping Wang, Yi Cheng Feng, Si Cong Zhao, and Mei Hui Song. "Effect of Annealing Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical and Damping Properties of Ductile Iron." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.222.

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Ductile iron was prepared through Sandwich Process and annealing treatment was carried out. The effects of annealing treatment on the microstructure, mechanical and damping properties of ductile iron were studied by means of metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, universal test machine and dynamic thermal mechanical analyzer. The results show that annealing treatment has little effect on the morphology and distribution of graphite cast iron, but it will lead to the decrease of pearlite content in the matrix, the increase of ferrite content an

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7

Abdullah, Harith Hammody, Ali Awad Ibraheem, and Ahmed Abdel Ameer Khudhair. "Production of Ductile Iron Using Inside-Mold Treatment Technique." Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 9, no. 2 (2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id176.

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Ductile Cast Iron is a widely used cast iron. Ductile iron applications are used in various sectors of modern mechanical industries. Ductile iron has wide uses in the field of car industry, military industries, agricultural equipment, construction and mines. The production of ductile iron faces many technical difficulties in our local factories due to the difficulty in providing equipment and technologies for its production by common methods. In this study, we resorted to applying one of the modern methods in the production of ductile iron, which is the treatment process for the molten iron in

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8

Yang, Yun Long, Zhan Yi Cao, Yang Qi, and Yong Bing Liu. "The Study on Oxidation Resistance Properties of Ductile Cast Irons for Exhaust Manifold at High Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.530.

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The oxidation behavior of two ductile cast irons was investigated in this paper. The alloys were a high Si-Mo ductile and a ductile Ni-Resist cast iron which were developed by FAW Foundry. Polished sections were exposed at temperatures between 800 °C and 1000 °C, mostly for 80h. It has been found that the property of oxidation resistance of ductile Ni-Resist cast iron is excellent or better than that of high Si-Mo ductile by comparison and analysis.

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9

Elmabrouk, Omar, Osama M. Erfan, and Ali Kalkanli. "The Effect of Magnesium to Sulfur Ratio on the Graphite Morphology of Graphite Cast Iron Produced at Differrent Section Thicknesses." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5880–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5880.

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This paper is concerned with the investigation of the effect of magnesium to sulfur ratio on the graphite morphology and estimation of the ranges of this ratio use to produce graphite cast iron at different section sections. The main factors affecting shape of graphite cast iron are the metallurgical structures and the section thicknesses. Cast iron of different shapes of graphite particles directly affect its thermo-mechanical properties. The nodular shape of these graphite particles such as in ductile cast iron improve its mechanical properties, on the other hand, when the shape of these gra

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10

Zhang, Yu, Erjun Guo, Liping Wang, Yicheng Feng, Sicong Zhao, and Meihui Song. "Research and Analysis of the Effect of Heat Treatment on Damping Properties of Ductile Iron." Open Physics 17, no. 1 (2019): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2019-0058.

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Abstract With the continuous development of metal manufacturing technology, high-strength and high-hardness ductile iron materials have excellent comprehensive performance. Many performance indexes are comparable to those of alloy steels, and they have excellent casting properties. Many large-scale parts produced by cast steel are slowly being replaced by this material. Ductile iron is obtained by a spheroidizing treatment and inoculation to obtain spheroidal graphite. The mechanical properties of cast iron have been effectively improved, especially plasticity and toughness, and the strength o

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11

Nofal, Adel, Amal S. I. Ahmed, Wafaa A. Ghanem, W. A. Hussein, and Nanis K. Mohamed. "Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of Different Grades of Cast Iron Insodium Chloride Solutions." Key Engineering Materials 835 (March 2020): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.835.223.

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In this work, the corrosion behavior of different grades of cast iron in 3.5% and 5% of NaClsolution was evaluated. The samples used in this work are; Grey cast iron (GI), ductile cast iron(DI), austempered ductile cast iron (ADI), intercritically austempered cast iron (IADI) and Ni-Resist cast iron. The study was carried out using the Open- Circuit technique (OPC),Potentiodynamic polarization (PP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)measurements and complemented by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energydispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The results obtained showed that the

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12

Mnati, Ali A., Kadhim K. Resan, and Ehsan Omaraa. "Structural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Iron - Enhanced Alloyed Ductile Iron." Key Engineering Materials 924 (June 30, 2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-oko587.

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In this study, an attempt has been made to produce ductile iron or spheroidal graphite iron and to study its important properties with a view to reduce the import of machinery parts made of ductile iron. Locally available compressor scrap (i.e. the compressor cylinder) which is made from grey cast iron was used to produce ductile iron using a crucible furnace that is fired by oil. Also, recycling of the grey cast iron to ductile iron was investigated and its effect on the microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical properties and chip shape. The mechanical and structural characteristics o

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13

Martinez, Israel, Ryutaro Tanaka, Yasuo Yamane, et al. "Wear Characteristics of Coated Carbide Tools in the Face Milling of Ductile Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 749 (August 2017): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.749.178.

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This study reports an experimental investigation about the wear behavior of TiN and TiCN coated carbide tools during the face milling of pearlitic and ferritic ductile cast iron. Pearlitic ductile cast iron caused the highest cutting forces and flank wear in both TiN and TiCN coated tools. Due to its protective effect, the TiCN coated carbide tool outperformed the TiN coated carbide tool regarding flank wear. The main issue when face milling ferritic ductile cast iron with TiN coated tools was notching wear. The principal reason for notch wear was pointed as adhesive wear caused for the high t

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14

Kostina, L.L., and М.V. Kostikova. "Wear Resistance of the Ductile Cast Iron Increasing." Engineering of nature management, no. 1(23) (March 22, 2022): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6807832.

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<strong>Problem.</strong> Ductile cast irons with spheroidal graphite are increasingly used for heavy and medium-loaded machine parts operating under conditions of friction and wear. Providing the necessary wear resistance is hampered by the structural and chemical heterogeneity of cast iron, which are formed in the process of its production. The properties can be improved by heat treatment or alloying, a combination of alloying with heat treatment. <strong>Goal</strong> <strong>-</strong> Investigation of the effect of complex microalloying on the structure and properties of high-strength cas

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15

Li, Meng. "Production of as-Cast High Strength Toughness Ductile Iron." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.533.

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The paper has mainly reviewed the production process of as-cast high toughness ductile iron, analysing the effects of chemical composition, desulphurization process, nodulizing process and the craft of inoculation on the production of as-cast high toughness ductile iron.

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16

AGNOLETTO, Douglas, Guilherme Vieira Braga LEMOS, Arthur Bortolini BESKOW, Cleber Rodrigo de Lima LESSA, and Afonso REGULY. "METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINATION OF DEGREE OF NODULARITY IN A DUCTILE CAST IRON GGG 40 BY ULTRASONIC VELOCITY TEST." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 26, no. 26 (2018): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v26.n26.2018.15_2018.pdf.

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Cast iron alloys combine many elements such as carbon, iron, silicon, magnesium and can be usually classified according to their microstructure in ductile, gray, compacted, white, and malleable. Each one has particularities in terms of properties and applications. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the degree of nodularity (%) in a ductile cast iron alloy GGG 40. In this context, a methodology to investigate the degree of nodularity was proposed. The ultrasonic method was used to determine the amount of ductile graphite as well as for parts release and thus facilitated the industrial operation

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17

Agnoletto, Douglas, Guilherme Vieira Braga Lemos, Arthur Bortolini Beskow, Cleber Rodrigo de Lima Lessa, and Afonso Reguly. "Methodology for Determination of Degree of Nodularity in a Ductile Cast Iron GGG 40 by Ultrasonic Velocity Test." Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 26, No. 26, 2018 26, no. 26 (2018): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37633/sbjc.26(26)2018.10-16.

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Cast iron alloys combine many elements such as carbon, iron, silicon, magnesium and can be usually classified according to their microstructure in ductile, gray, compacted, white, and malleable. Each one has particularities in terms of properties and applications. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the degree of nodularity (%) in a ductile cast iron alloy GGG 40. In this context, a methodology to investigate the degree of nodularity was proposed. The ultrasonic method was used to determine the amount of ductile graphite as well as for parts release and thus facilitated the industrial operation

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18

Zykova, Anna, Dmitry Lychagin, Andrey Chumaevsky, Natalya Popova, and Irina Kurzina. "Influence of Ultrafine Particles on Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Strengthening of Ductile Cast Iron." Metals 8, no. 7 (2018): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8070559.

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Integrated assessment of the influence of an ultrafine mixture TiO2 + ZrO2 + Na3AlF6 on the formation of the structure, mechanical properties, and strengthening of ductile cast iron was made in the paper. The structural-phase composition of ductile cast iron was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and a transmission electron microscope. Plastic deformation was determined during testing of uniaxial compression. The change in the structural state of the alloy and in its mechanical properties was observed. Quantitative assessment of contributions of separate physical mechanisms to st

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19

Gumienny, G. "Carbidic Bainitic and Ausferritic Ductile Cast Iron." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 4 (2013): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0125.

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Abstract This article presents new kinds of carbidic ductile cast iron with different microstructures of the metal matrix. This cast iron was obtained using the Inmold method nodularisation which guarantees strong refining of graphite and the metal matrix components. A different microstructure of the metal matrix of the cast iron was obtained without any thermal treatment (unwrought) by a suitable composition of alloy additives. It was shown that by adding molybdenum, chromium, nickel and copper it is possible to obtain in the cast iron metal matrix consisting of upper bainite, its mixture wit

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20

Dr MK Murulidhara, Srinuvasu N,. "Optimizing Wear Resistance in Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron through Austempering Parameter Variation." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 45, no. 01 (2024): 1782–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v45.i01.4329.

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Austempered ductile iron (ADI), as implied by its name, is a variant of ductile iron known for its enhanced strength and toughness compared to cast iron. Distinguishing itself from cast iron, ductile iron exhibits higher strength and toughness, particularly in tensile tests. The nomenclature "Austempered" in ADI stems from its unique heat treatment process called Austempering. While numerous research journals delve into the wear resistance of Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) materials, there is a notable gap in understanding the correlation between Austempering temperature and abrasion properties

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21

Kaleicheva, Julieta, Valentin Mishev, and Manahil Tongov. "INVESTIGATION ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE CAST IRONS WITH NANOSIZED PARTICLES." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 20, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol3.4181.

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The work in this study is focused on investigation of the tribological behavior of ductile cast iron with nanosized particles: titanium nitride TiN; titanium nitride 30% + titanium carbonitride 70% (30%TiN+70%TiCN). The ductile cast iron composition is: Fe-3,55C-2,67Si-0,31Mn-0,009S-0,027P-0,040Cu-0,025Cr-0,08Ni-0,06Mg wt%. Before the addition to the melt nanosized particles were coated with nickel by the electroless nickel deposition method EFFTOMNICKEL .The nickel coating on the nanosized particles ensures their wetting in the melt as well as their uniform distribution into the cast. The opt

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22

Rajneesh, Yadav*1 Dr Lokendra Pal Singh2 &. Romiyo Mclin Jojowar3. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF DUCTILE IRON AFTER ALLOYING." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 10 (2017): 142–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1002677.

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Cast Iron, the first man – made composite, is at least 2500 year old. It remains the most important casting material, with over 70 % of the total world tonnage. The man for cast iron longevity are its wide range of mechanical and physical properties coupled with its competitive price. Ductile iron or popularly known as spherodized graphite iron (SGiron) is a special variety of cast iron having carbon content more than 3 % and has graphite present in compact, spherical shapes. These compact spheroid hamper the continuity of the matrix much less than graphite flakes which results in higher stren

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23

Dong, Xue Wu, Dai Ren, Dong Qiang Wang, and Ya Fei Zhai. "Effect of Residual Stress in Ductile Iron Component on its Natural Frequency." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.967.

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In the paper four components of ductile iron cast in different stress status, including the cast status, the status of vibratory stress relief and the status of thermal stress relief with 3 months of the natural stress relief and 10 years of the natural stress relief, are selected.X-ray diffraction method is used to measure residual stress and experimental modal analysis is for measuring natural frequency. A quantitative relation between residual stress in ductile iron cast component and its natural frequency variation is obtained. Thus we provide a reference for using natural frequency to eva

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24

Sekunowo, O. I., J. O. Ugboaja, and J. A. Tiamiyu. "Investigation of the Nodularisation Propensity of Calcined Cashew-Nut Shell-Ash in Cast-Iron Melt Graphite." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i1.1.

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Production of ductile iron using ferrosilicon-magnesium master alloy in melt treatment is currently fraught with challenges bothering on cost and availability. In this study the suitability of cashew nut shells ash (CNSA) as a viable alternative to magnesium master alloys employed in the treatment of molten cast iron for enhanced mechanical properties was studied. The carbonized CNSA used varied from 2-10 wt. % to treat different heat batches; CA1-CA5 containing varied amount of CNSA, CaO and FeSi in the molten cast iron. The cast samples were subjected to both mechanical characterisation (ten

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25

Szymczak, T. "The Silumin Coat Structure on Alloy Ductile Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 1 (2013): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0023.

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Abstract The work presents the research results of the silumin coat structure applied on the carbidic alloy ductile iron with the metal matrix: pearlitic, bainitic and martensitic. The coats were made in the AlSi5 silumin bath at the temperature tk = 750±5°C. The holding time of cast iron element in the bath was τ = 180s. Irrespective of the kind of tested ductile iron the obtained coat consisted of three layers with a different phase composition. The first layer from the cast iron ground “g1`” is built from Fe4CSi carbide which contains selected alloy additives of the cast iron. On it the sec

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26

Jiang, Zhi Qiang, Xi Lan Feng, and Jin Fa Shi. "Study on Characteristics of Damage Mechanics of Ductile Iron." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.347.

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The damage characteristics of ferrite ductile cast-iron under uniaxial stress has been studied through measuring electric resistance. The results showed that the damage in ductile cast-iron happens when the applied stress is more than a certain extent, and the damage value increases with stress. The evolutional law of damage value as a function of stress was obtained. The damage threshold of ductile cast-iron exists and increases with nodularity, but this threshold is always below the yield strength, which has related significant reference to the design of machinery structure and the choice of

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27

Kim, K. T., H. W. Kim, H. Y. Chang, B. T. Lim, H. B. Park, and Y. S. Kim. "Corrosion Inhibiting Mechanism of Nitrite Ion on the Passivation of Carbon Steel and Ductile Cast Iron for Nuclear Power Plants." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/408138.

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While NaNO2addition can greatly inhibit the corrosion of carbon steel and ductile cast iron, in order to improve the similar corrosion resistance,ca.100 times more NaNO2addition is needed for ductile cast iron compared to carbon steel. A corrosion and inhibition mechanism is proposed wherebyNO2-ion is added to oxidize. TheNO2-ion can be reduced to nitrogen compounds and these compounds may be absorbed on the surface of graphite. Therefore, since nitrite ion needs to oxidize the surface of matrix and needs to passivate the galvanic corroded area and since it is absorbed on the surface of graphi

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Strobl, Susanne, and Roland Haubner. "Investigation of the Diffusion Couple Ductile Cast Iron / Iron." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.54.

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Forging of ductile cast iron with pure iron by the Damascus technique, results in a new composite material. The combination of cast iron and pure iron is unusual because of its rather different properties. After forging these two materials a small diffusion zone of about 150 µm was observed. Various heat treatments at 900 °C for 2, 4 or 20 hours and 950 °C for 4 h were performed to increase the diffusion zone up to 2.4 mm. At 900 °C carbon solubility in austenite is about 1.2 wt. % and at 950 °C 1.4 wt. %. During the heat treatment carbon diffuses from cast iron into the pure iron and the diff

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Lalazarova, Nataliia, Hanna Komarova, Оlga Afanasieva, and Olena Popova. "LOCAL SURFACE STRENGTHENING OF HIGH-DUCTILE CAST IRON." Collection of Scientific Works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 211 (March 28, 2025): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.211.2025.327124.

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Piston rings work in extreme conditions of high temperatures, abrasive friction, high thermomechanical stress, oil starvation and aggressive environmental influences. The purpose of the work is to develop a method of increasing the wear resistance of piston rings made of high-strength cast iron due to the use of volumetric thermal annealing in combination with surface hardening by laser hardening with a low-power laser. The structure was studied using an optical microscope. Microhardness was measured on a PMT-3 microhardness tester. Wear is investigated using the roller-pad method on a frictio

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30

Cox, Allen H. "Fifty-Year Corrosion Control History of Polyethylene-Encased Iron Pipelines." Materials Performance 51, no. 6 (2012): 46–49. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2012_51_6-46.

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This article conveys the results of case histories of some of the oldest instances where gray and ductile cast iron piping were installed using polyethylene (PE) encasement as a method of external corrosion control. The inspections fully demonstrate the efficacy of properly installed PE encasement for external corrosion control of gray and ductile cast iron piping.

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Niu, Li Bin, Zhen Xu, and Jian Hong Peng. "Study on the (Fe,Cr)₇C₃ Particles Reinforced Iron-Based Composite Coating." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.569.

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An iron based composite coating reinforced by (Fe,Cr)7C3particles, with a thickness of 4.0 mm, was fabricated on the ductile cast iron substrate by means of a centrifugal casting and in situ techniques. The microstructure and properties of the composite coatings were investigated by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph, energy dispersive spectrum, microhardness tester and pin-on-disc wear tester. Results show that the composite coatings consists of primary (Fe,Cr)7C3carbides as the reinforcing phase and interdendritic (Fe,Cr)7C3/γ eutectics accompanied by negligi

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Catalán, Néstor, Esteban Ramos-Moore, Adrian Boccardo, and Diego Celentano. "Surface Laser Treatment of Cast Irons: A Review." Metals 12, no. 4 (2022): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040562.

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Heat treatments are frequently used to modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials according to the requirements of their applications. Laser surface treatment (LST) has become a relevant technique due to the high control of the parameters and localization involved in surface modification. It allows for the rapid transformation of the microstructure near the surface, resulting in minimal distortion of the workpiece bulk. LST encompasses, in turn, laser surface melting and laser surface hardening techniques. Many of the works devoted to studying the effects of LST in cast i

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33

Vityaz’, P. A., V. G. Zalesskii, and A. I. Pokrovskii. "Features of iron foundry production in Belarus and its prospects." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 67, no. 1 (2024): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2024-1-8-18.

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A historical overview of the development of iron foundry production in the world is presented. The modern level of the material structure in iron casting has an outstripping growth of ductile cast iron grades. The paper describes the features of iron foundry production in Belarus. Technologies and equipment are significantly inferior to foreign ones in terms of productivity and specific resource costs per unit of product. The specific character of Belarus lies in the still widespread use of cupolas, molds from sand-clay mixtures, predominant use of gray cast iron, and small volumes of ductile

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34

Pribulová, Alena, Peter Futaš, and Marcela Pokusova. "Influence of Charge Composition on EN-GJS-500-7 Ductile Iron Properties in Foundry Operating Conditions." Materials Science Forum 998 (June 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.998.42.

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Worldwide production of ductile iron castings reached in year 2017 26,428,148 metric tons, which is 34% of the total weight of all castings made from cast iron. The most significant increase in ductile iron castings was recorded in Slovakia, up to 78.6%. Castings from ductile iron have a very huge utilization thanks their very good foundry and mechanical properties. The current economic situation in all industries forces entrepreneurs and producers to rationalize production and reduce production costs, with a worldwide trend to increase the share of steel scrap, a technology for the production

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Dyrlaga, Łukasz, Dariusz Kopyciński, Edward Guzik, Grzegorz Soból, and Dariusz Borak. "The Effect of High Silicon and Molybdenum Content on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Gray Cast Iron." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 6, no. 3 (2022): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2022.6.3.64.

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This paper presents an overview of the current knowledge concerning SiMo ductile cast iron begins by describing the standard type of ductile cast iron before proceding to description of its microstructures. The paper then presents its chemical composition and the significant influence of individual elements on technological and mechanical properties. The research section focuses the influence of the addition of Si and Mo to the matrix of gray iron. After casting, stepped samples were carried out on the microstructure along with UTS tensile strength tests. The research presented in the article

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Guo, Wen Tao, Guo Wei Chang, Shu Ying Chen, and Ji Chao Wang. "Study on Inclusions in Ductile Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.273.

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The type, shape and distribution of inclusions in ductile cast iron were studied using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the energy spectrum analysis, combining the thermodynamic calculation of inclusions formation. The results show that the oxides are most likely formed from the thermodynamics in ductile cast iron when the temperature is 1373~1873 K , followed by the sulfides, the carbides again. There exist the uniphase inclusions MgO, SiO2and MgS, the heterogeneous inclusions of containing rare-earth MnO-MgO-SiO2-La2O3and MgS-LaS-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO , and the heterogeneous inclusions of n

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Pilc, Jozef, Michal Šajgalík, Jozef Holubják, et al. "Austempered Ductile Iron Machining." Technological Engineering 12, no. 1 (2015): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2015-0002.

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Abstract This article deals with the machining of cast iron. In industrial practice, Austempered Ductile Iron began to be used relatively recently. ADI is ductile iron that has gone through austempering to get improved properties, among which we can include strength, wear resistance or noise damping. This specific material is defined also by other properties, such as high elasticity, ductility and endurance against tenigue, which are the properties, that considerably make the tooling characteristic worse.

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Zaczyński, Artur, Maciej Królikowski, Adam Nowak, Marek Sokolnicki, Edward Guzik, and Andriy Burbelko. "Occurrence of Chunky graphite in ductile cast iron solution strengthened by silicon." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 9, no. 2 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2025.9.2.1.

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Solution strengthened ferritic cast iron is characterised in EN 1563:2018 (and also in ISO 1083:2018) as grades EN-GJS-450-18, EN-GJS-500-14 and EN-GJS-600-10. Machine and plant builders have been using this material in new designs since 2011. The strength and ductile properties, competitive in comparison with the previous classical ductile cast iron grades, make it possible to reduce the weight of castings. Particularly preferred is grade EN-GJS-600-10 with UTS min. 600 MPa and A min. 10%. Strengthening of the ferritic matrix is possible due to the content of approximately 4.2% of silicon in

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Nofal, Adel. "An Overview on Cast Iron Research at CMRDI." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.3.

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This report is an overview on the cast iron research carried out at the Foundry Department of the Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI) over the past three decades. CMRDI is an national industrial research institute, whose main objective is to serve the metallurgical industries in Egypt. This overview shows selected examples of the cast iron research programs covering fundamental research, optimizing melting techniques, developing cast iron alloys for special applications, investigating novel processing techniques of cast iron rather than sand casting, e.g. continuous casting, hot an

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Terngu, Akor, and Gundu David Terfa. "Investigation of jatropha seed oil as austempering quenchant for ductile cast iron." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 3, no. 3 (2014): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i3.1391.

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Austempering is a multi-step process that includes austenitizing, followed by cooling rapidly enough to avoid the formation of pearlite to a temperature above the martensite start (Ms) and then holding until the desired microstructure is formed. It is an isothermal heat treatment process that, when applied to cast iron, produces components that, in many cases, have properties superior to those process by conventional heat treatment. Salt bath has been recognized as the conventional quenching medium for austempering. This study investigates the suitability of jatropha seed oil as quenching medi

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Omole, Sylvester Olanrewaju, Kenneth Kanayo Alaneme, and Akinlabi Oyetunji. "MECHANICAL DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF DUCTILE AND GREY IRONS MICRO-ALLOYED WITH COMBINATIONS OF Mo, Ni, Cu AND Cr." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 27, no. 2 (2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.27.2.791.

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Damping behaviour of micro alloyed ductile and gray cast irons were investigated in this study. This was aimed at establishing the effect of composition and microstructural parameters on the damping properties of the micro alloyed cast irons, which have shown promise for utilization in automobile and machine building where enhanced damping performance are vital. Gray cast iron containing manganese as base metal was micro alloyed randomly with molybdenum, nickel, chromium and copper at an amount not more than 0.2 % each; magnesium was added to the melt prior to casting. The microstructures show

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Lim, Bokkyu, and Young Woo Choi. "Effect of Semi Austempering Treatment on the Fatigue Properties of Ductile Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.295.

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Single phase bainite structure which is obtained by the conventional austempering treatment reduces the ductility of ductile cast iron. Because of the reduction of ductility it is possible to worsen the fatigue properties. Therefore, semi austempered ductile iron which is treated from +ϒ is prepared to investigate the static strength and fatigue properties in comparison with fully austempered ductile iron (is treated from ϒ). In spite of semi austempered ductile iron shows the 86% increase of ductility. Also, semi austempered ductile iron shows the higher fatigue limit and lower fatigue crack

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Vasková, I., M. Hrubovčáková, J. Malik, and Š. Eperješi. "Influence of Technological Parameters of Furane Mixtures on Shrinkage Creation in Ductile Cast Iron Castings." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (2014): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0174.

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Abstract Ductile cast iron (GS) has noticed great development in last decades and its boom has no analogue in history humankind. Ductile iron has broaden the use of castings from cast iron into areas, which where exclusively domains for steel castings. Mainly by castings, which weight is very high, is the propensity to shrinkage creation even higher. Shrinkage creation influences mainly material, construction of casting, gating system and mould. Therefore, the main realized experiment was to ascertain the influence of technological parameters of furane mixture on shrinkage creation in castings

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Burbelko, A. A., D. Gurgul, M. Królikowski, and M. Wróbel. "Cellular Automaton Modeling of Ductile Iron Density Changes at the Solidification Time." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 4 (2013): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0074.

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Abstract Formation of the shrinkage defects in ductile iron castings is far more complicated phenomenon than in other casting alloys. In the paper one of the aspects of formation of porosity in this alloy was considered - changes in cast iron's density during crystallization caused by varying temperature, phase fractions and phase's composition. Computer model, using cellular automata method, for determination of changes in density of ductile iron during crystallization was applied. Simulation of solidification was conducted for 5 Fe-C binarie alloys with ES from 0.9 to 1.1 for the estimation

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Yawer, Hamid. "Heat Treatment and Alloying of Spherulitic Graphite Cast Iron for Intensification of Properties." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 4 (2018): 2010–17. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14557.

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Spheroidal graphite cast iron or Spherulitic cast iron is described as a high carbon containing, iron based composite in which the graphite is accessible in negligible, round shapes rather than in the condition of pieces. Spherulitic cast iron or spheroidal graphite cast iron is at times implied as adaptable iron, as it has graphite as spheroids ferritic or pearlitic embedded in the steel system. These handles of graphite are confined clearly from the liquid in the midst of the technique of solidifying. The handles are more standard, sharp, little and constitute simply little districts of weak

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Osakue, Edward, Lucky Anetor, and Kendall Harris. "Pitting strength estimate for cast iron and copper alloy materials." FME Transactions 49, no. 2 (2021): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2102269o.

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An attempt is made to predict the pitting strength of cast iron and copper alloy materials from their compressive yield or compressive proof strength for a reliability of 99% at 107 load cycles. The compressive yield or compressive proof strength is related to the tensile strength of ductile cast iron and copper alloy materials by a proportionality factor. Two proportionality factors are used for brittle cast iron materials. The pitting strength formulation incorporates a nominal design factor at 99% reliability which is estimated from a probabilistic model based on the lognormal probability d

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Stawarz, M. "SiMo Ductile Iron Crystallization Process." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 1 (2017): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0027.

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Abstract The article presents crystallization process of silicon molybdenum ductile cast iron (SiMo). The alloy with 5% silicon content and with variable amounts of Mo in a range of 0-1% was chosen for the research. The carbon content in the analysed alloys did not exceed 3,1%. The studies of crystallization process were based on thermal - derivative analysis (TDA). Chemical composition of all examined samples was analysed with the use of LECO spectrometer. Additionally, the carbon and the sulphur content was determined basing on carbon and sulphur LECO analyser. For metallographic examination

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Wang, Huizhen, Yuewen Zhai, Leyu Zhou, Zhenyu Fan, Zibo Zhang, and Yuheng Zhan. "Research on microstructure evolution of laser surface quenching of ductile cast iron." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2838, no. 1 (2024): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2838/1/012003.

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Abstract Ductile cast iron is widely used in the manufacturing of components and dies due to its excellent performance and low cost. Laser surface quenching can further improve its performance and extend its service life. This article uses scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered scattering detection and microhardness tester to systematically analyse the microstructure evolution of the melted zone, hardened zone, and matrix of ductile cast iron with laser surface quenching. The hardening zone can be divided into two layers: one layer contains a large amount of martensite, graphite,

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Malage, Abhijit, Priti P. Rege, and Manoj J. Rathod. "Automatic quantitative analysis of microstructure of ductile cast iron using digital image processing." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 21, no. 3 (2015): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/77.

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Ductile cast iron is preferred as nodular iron or spheroidal graphite iron. Ductile cast iron contains graphite in form of discrete nodules and matrix of ferrite and perlite. In order to determine the mechanical properties, one needs to determine volume of phases in matrix and nodularity in the microstructure of metal sample. Manual methods available for this, are time consuming and accuracy depends on expertize. The paper proposes a novel method for automatic quantitative analysis of microstructure of Ferritic Pearlitic Ductile Iron which calculates volume of phases and nodularity of that sam

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Veljačić, Zoran, and Krešimir Grilec. "Increasing the Wear Resistance of Marine Diesel Engines Elements Made of Ductile Iron." Naše more 68, no. 3 (2021): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2021/3.2.

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This paper examines the influence of austempering and shot peening on the wear resistance of ductile iron. Samples for further testing were made from mechanically processed casts. The hardness and microstructure of ductile iron were examined on the prepared samples. Metallographic analysis of ductile cast iron samples in the cast state determined the pearlitic-ferritic structure of the matrix characteristic of this type of cast iron. Pearlite predominates in the structure, and the rest consists of ferrite and graphite nodules. The samples were then austempered. The isothermal conversion was 24

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