Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dugga'

Detta är ett 10 poängs examensarbete på C-nivå vid Karlstads Universitet. Målet med examensarbetet var att utveckla ett befintligt system för webbaserade kurstest så att det också kan användas för duggor. Säkerheten skulle förbättras så att studenter blir tvungna att logga in med användarnamn och lösenord när de ska skriva duggor. Resultaten från de studenter som skriver duggor skulle sparas i en databas. Vi hade också som mål att låta studenter testa systemet och att låta dem fylla i en enkät med frågor om vad de tycker om ett webbaserat system för duggor.

Det resultat vi har kommit fram till är ett system som både hanterar webbaserade kurstest och webbaserade duggor. Vi har gjort om systemet så att studenter som skriver en dugga måste fylla i användarnamn och lösenord. Vi lät dessutom studenterna på Datakommunikation 1 under höstterminen 2005 prova systemet. De genomförde en dugga med hjälp av systemet, och sedan lät vi dem fylla i en enkät där vi ställde frågor om vad de tycker om att göra webbaserade duggor. Efter att studenterna hade provat systemet och svarat på enkätfrågorna kom vi fram till att de flesta studenter tyckte att systemet fungerade väl och hade ett bra användargränssnitt. Systemet bör dock utvecklas ytterligare innan det tas i bruk av universitetet.

This is a bachelor’s thesis at the University of Karlstad. The goal of this work was to further develop a system for online course testing so that it can be used for small exams. The security was going to be improved so that students have to log on with usernames and passwords when they are going to take exams. The results from the students who take exams were going to be stored in a database. Our goal was also to let students test our system, and to let them fill out a survey with questions about what they think of an online exam system.

The result is a system that manages both online course tests and small online exams. We have redeveloped the system so students who take an exam have to fill in username and password. We let the students on Datacommunications 1, fall 2005 test the system. They took a small exam in the new system, and after we let them fill out a survey in which we asked questions about what they think about writing exams online. After the students had tried the system and answered the survey-questions we concluded that most students thought the system was working well and that it had a good user interface. The system should be further developed though, before it can be used by the university.

Denna rapport beskriver två nya begrepp inom speldesign; kompakt leveldesign och planerad sequence breaking. Fokus ligger på kompakt leveldesign, och har definierats som att innehålla följande tre element: Hög rumslig desnitet, lager, och backtracking. Planerad sequence breaking definieras som en mer subtil variant av alternativa rutter. Begreppen står som dels underlag för fortsatt diskussion om ämnet, då de inte förekommer i tidigare litteratur, och dels som ett sätt att förhålla sig till leveldesign som designer.

Vidare beskrivs spelet Ittle Dew, vilket har skapats tillsammans med Daniel Remar i avsikt att implementera ovanstående koncept. Speltester visar på hög grad av nöjdhet hos spelare, och implementationen anses således ha lyckats väl.

Författaren uppmuntrar till användandet av kompakt leveldesign i andra verk, med förbehållet att inte tumma på mer traditionella riktlinjer.

Denna rapport beskriver vilken kommunikationskvalitet i form av prestanda, tillförlitlighet och tillgänglighet som kan förväntas av datakommunikationsstandarden OPC. För att ta fram information om kommunikationskvalitén har en praktisk utvärdering i form av duglighetstester utförts. Den praktiska utvärderingen har gjorts med Bosch Rexroths OPC-server OPC.IwSCP och mot Bosch Rexroths styrsystem MTX High Performance. Rapporten ger svar på vilken kommunikationskvalitet som kan förväntas med specificerad OPC-server och styrsystem. Rapporten beskriver också hur några av parametrarna i OPC Foundations API:er påverkar kommunikationskvalitén. Även andra faktorer så som brist på CPU-kraft för OPC-server/OPC-klient påverkar kommunikationskvalitén testas och utvärderas. Resultatet ifrån utförda duglighetstester analyseras utifrån hur möjligheten är att använda OPC för ett driftuppföljning/driftövervakningssystem utvecklat av Volvo IT i Skövde.

Rapporten handlar om programmet Game Maker som prototypverktyg, och vänder sig till personer och företag som skulle kunna vara intresserade av detta. Syftet med arbetet var att skapa ett spel i Game Maker, "Ittle Dew", samt skriva om Game Makers egenskaper och egenheter. Spelet färdigställdes i tid, och rapporten tar även upp en mängd designfrågor som dök upp under skapandet av detta. Med hjälp av två brev från personer med erfarenhet av Game Maker som prototypverktyg och för skapandet av färdiga spel, och diskussion av dessa brev, hävdar jag till sist att programmet väl duger för prototyper, så länge användaren känner till de begränsningar som rapporten tar upp.

The study investigated on the channels of poverty reduction in Malawi, using household data aggregated at district level. Malawi is divided into 31 districts with different demographics and opportunities. Macro level data which was calculated in terms of district percentages were used in the study. The study emanated from the premise of the link between economic growth and poverty reduction. With the trend of growth that was seen in Malawi from 2004 to 2012; there was an interest to further investigate if there had been any significant change in the poverty levels as measured in the country by the National Statistical office. The objectives of the study were two pronged; the theoretical and the imperial. The theoretical objectives were; to provide a background of Malawi, to review the literature on poverty theories, to review the literature on the link between poverty reduction and the channels of potential impact, namely: economic growth, education attainment, access to loans and enterprises, agricultural production, population growth and employment or unemployment. The empirical objectives on the other hand were; to investigate if there has been any poverty reduction in the years 1998 to 2012 in Malawi, to assess how economic growth at a district level proxied by agriculture production and land holding affect poverty at district level in Malawi, to assess how education attainment affect poverty reduction at a district level in Malawi, conduct an analysis on how employment or unemployment affect poverty reduction at a district level. Also investigate the relationship between access to loan and poverty reduction in Malawi and to determine if different poverty measures exhibit statistically significant different responses to channels under investigation namely economic growth, education levels, population growth and access to loans at district level. The study employed descriptive and regression analysis to arrive at the results for the set empirical objectives. Due to the fact that panel data was used for districts, a random effects regression model was used for the estimations. A Breusch-Pagan test was used to decide on random effects as opposed to fixed effects model. The results from the regressions showed that all the channels that were hypothesised to be of importance, came out significant from objective based regressions. These regressions were run separately for each channel, with the district poverty rate as a dependent variable. The study found the considered channels of poverty reduction to be significant at different levels. First, it was established that there has been significant growth in Malawi. This growth however was seen to be erratic where in other years it was higher and in other years lower. A more important conclusion from the first objective was that there had been poverty reduction in the country between 1998 and 2012. A t test was also used for mean difference in the years where Integrated Household surveys were conducted namely, 1998, 2004 and 2012. The t-test showed a statistically significant reduction in poverty between 1998 and 2012 of up to 15.07. The study also found that the relationship between agricultural production and poverty was significant especially looking at local maize production which had a negative significant coefficient. Implying that, an increase in agricultural production has an associated reduction in the district poverty rate. It was also established from the results that input subsidy had a significant impact on poverty at district level. This input programme which helps poor households to access fertilizer at a highly subsidised price had a negative relationship with poverty that was significant. This shows that government’s effort in funding the national wide fertilizer subsidy has some bearing on the poverty level of the country. On the relationship between education and poverty reduction, the study also found a significant relationship. This was clear on the impact of literacy rate on poverty reduction. The regression results showed a significant negative relationship between literacy rate and poverty reduction. The channels of employment in poverty reduction was found to be significant but in a direction unexpected. Labour force participation had a positive influence on poverty rate at district level. A number of things were discovered; first the employment rate as reported in the statistical year book is misleading. What is considered employment in these statistics is basically subsistence farmers who take up more than 80% of the employment rate. Second, most of what is recorded as employment is non-skill labour with people without education recoding a 99% employment rate. This is a misleading record in as far as what employment for poverty reduction is concerned. It is therefore not a surprise that, most of the people reported as employed are also found below the poverty line some even below the ultra-poverty line. A special contribution resulting from the study is the framework on the interconnection between the channels. The study points out the fact that for agricultural production to thrive there is need for education. Also for agricultural production to succeed there is need for the farmers to have access to loans. the study discovered that more than 45 percept of the loans people obtained were for agricultural inputs. There is also a link between education and employment, education and access to loans and access to loans and employment through business start-ups that create employment. The conclusion of the study is that policies that are intended to reduce poverty should be aimed at promoting education participation. There is also need to create an environment that enables the poor to access loans and credits at a reasonable interest rate. The government should continue with the input subsidy programme for the poor household. There is need for the national statistical office to reconsider the definition of employment so that the government works with practical figures, other than the inflated employment rates that are reported in the statistical year book.
PhD (Economics), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

State violence, and policing in particular, continue to shape the black British experience, racialising geographical areas associated with African and African-Caribbean communities. The history of black struggles in the UK has often centred on spaces of racial violence and resistance to it. But black-led social movements of previous decades have, for the most part, seen a decline in both political mobilisations, and the militant anti-racist slogans and discourses that accompanied them. Neoliberalism, through securitisation, resource reallocation, privatisation of space and the de-racialising of language, has made radical black activism an increasingly difficult endeavour. But this does not mean that black struggle against policing has disappeared. What it does mean, however, is that there have been significant changes in how anti-racist activism against policing is articulated and carried out. Three high-profile black deaths at the hands of police in 2011 led to widespread protest and civil unrest. These movements of resistance were strengthened when the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States mobilised hundreds of young people in solidarity actions in England. In this thesis, I argue that, over time, racist metonyms used to describe places racialised as black (Handsworth, Brixton etc.) and people racialised as black (Stephen Lawrence, Mark Duggan etc.), have led to the rise of metonymic anti-racism. While metonymic anti-racism was used alongside more overt anti-racist language in the period between the 1950s and early 1990s, I argue that such overt anti-racist language is becoming rarer in the post-2011 period, particularly in radical black grassroots organisations that address policing. Intersecting with metonymic anti-racism are gender dynamics brought to the surface by female-led campaigns against police violence, and forms of resistance which target spaces of post-industrial consumer capitalism. Understanding how police racism, and resistance to it, are being reconceptualised through language, and reconfigured through different forms of activism, provides a fresh understanding of grassroots black struggle in Britain.

Denna studie har syftat till att undersöka och skapa förståelse för hur skolledare/rektorer resonerar runt specialpedagogiska frågor och hur de beskriver den egna skolans specialpedagogiska verksamhet. Inom vilket eller vilka specialpedagogiskt teoretiska perspektiv förs den specialpedagogiska diskursen bland skolledare/rektorer? Undersökningen har en kvalitativ ansats och grundar sig inom ett hermeneutiskt och ett tolkande/konstruktivistiskt paradigm. Undersökningsmetoden består av intervjuer med fem skolledare/rektorer inom olika skolverksamheter i en kommun. Intervjuerna analyserades utifrån frågeställningarna genom en analysnyckel och särskilda teman utkristalliserades. Resultaten visar att specialpedagogik är komplext och mångfacetterat och att begreppet specialpedagogik kan ses som en paraplyterm med ett omfångsrikt och växlande innehåll. Samtliga specialpedagogiska perspektiv; det traditionella/kompensatoriska perspektivet, det relationella perspektivet samt dilemmaperspektivet kommer till uttryck när skolledarna/rektorerna beskriver specialpedagogik i generella termer. Samtliga specialpedagogiska perspektiv återfinns också när skolledarna/rektorerna beskriver den egna skolans specialpedagogiska verksamhet om än i olika omfattning. Verksamheter inom det relationella perspektivet står tillbaka i jämförelse med verksamheter inom det traditionella/kompensatoriska perspektivet och inte minst dilemmaperspektivet. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att tyngdpunkten i skolledarnas/rektorernas beskrivningar ligger inom dilemmaperspektivet. Dilemmaperspektivet är ett nytt betraktelsesätt när man resonerar runt specialpedagogiska frågor och det behövs mer forskning inom det perspektivet.

 

 

 

 

I den här undersökningen studeras hur den tjeckiska partikeln vůbec används i kollokationer där den ursprungliga absoluta betydelsen begränsas. De ord som undersökts i kombination med vůbec är skoro, téměř, málem, takřka och bezmála, som alla kan översättas med ’nästan’. Studien har gjorts i två subkorpusar till den tjeckiska nationalkorpusen, SYN 2015 och ORAL v1, och har inom tidsramen 1990–2014 undersökt frekvensen av de angivna kollokationerna och eventuella tendenser till ökning eller minskning i användningen. Den första korpusen, SYN, omfattar skriven tjeckiska och den andra, ORAL, tjeckiskt talspråk. Undersökningen bygger på relativa frekvenser av förekomster vilket möjliggjort jämförelser mellan de båda korpusarna, och därmed mellan skriven och talad tjeckiska.   Studien visar att vůbec är ett vanligt förekommande ord i tjeckiskt språkbruk och i synnerhet i det talade språket. Den totala användningen av vůbec separat är ungefär tre gånger större i talspråket än i skriftspråket. Det omvända gäller för de ordkombinationer som har betydelsen ’nästan inte alls’. De är i stället mer frekventa i skriftspråket. Tendenser till ökning eller minskning har med det valda underlaget inte kunnat påvisas.

In Kenya, 69 percent of populations depend on biomass fuels to meet their cooking needs. The incomplete combustion of biomass is performed in insufficiently ventilated settings thus exposing human health and environment to toxic pollution. To date, women and children in resource limited settings have been most vulnerable to severe respiratory infections. The promotion of the Improved Biomass Cookstoves has become a popular issue in policy, research and practice. Community Based Organizations have however faced serious challenges in increasing sustainable use of the cookstoves among users. This qualitative study investigates the role of Community Based Organizations in promoting the Improved Biomass Cookstoves through women’s empowerment initiatives. It applies focus group interviews, questionnaire and formal interviews. 11 interview forms were administered to 30 women, 2 key informants and 3 implementing Community Based Organization representatives in Dunga wetland community. A combination of previous research and this empirical study show that economic resources, small diameter stove designs as well as insufficient policy support hinder effective stove programmes. While there is general adoption, women lack sufficient income and ownership of land which is a significant resource to empowerment. Women informal financial networks are instrumental in driving behavioral change towards clean cooking in the community. Sufficient gender sensitive policy intervention and support can provide effective channels to ensure sustainable incomes of women, livelihoods and stove use.

In my thesis I research about the construction of homosexuality in three cultural works from 2008 to 2011. The research centres around the difference between same sex desire in practice and homosexuality as an identity. The research takes a queer theory take-off with a view from Judith Butler’s theories, but cross paths the masculinity research and Jasbir K. Puar’s theories about homonationalism. The central theory in the study is based on Lisa Duggan's concept about the new homonormative, which is re-contexturalized to fit the Swedish perspective. The essay concludes that homonormative and homonationalism are fundamental parts in the construction of homosexuality as an identity. In this essay I introduce the concept of The Homosexual to show how the homosexual subject is alienated in relation to the heterosexual environment.

Leadership in an egalitarian society is a contradiction in terms. Still, a collective has to be vocal in order to gain a bargaining position, and to have its identity reflected and accepted. This is not the least true for a marginalised society like När socken, on the Swedish island of Gotland. In this farming community of some 550 inhabitants - as on Gotland in general - there are, in the conventional sense of the word, no leaders to perform this presentation. However, the concept of spokesperson is well established. They are locally defined by the use of labels, which in turn are based on descriptions or adjectives like "firebrand", "nay-sayer", "good", "balanced" etc. I propose that this way of defining spokespersons is founded on a strong egalitarian notion and is best described as a semantic field, rather than in hierarchical terms. Throughout the centuries the geographical and social base for the individual spokesperson has been the farm or ensamgård, i.e. a group of economically, jurally, ritually, as well as spatially linked homesteads. Thus, the socken of När may be described as an example of a house-based society. Successively these ensamgård have given place to more individual farms and these in turn have become linked directly with the socken as such. Presently the socken itself has ceased to exist, at least as a formal unit within the administrative set-up of Sweden. Nevertheless, locally När socken continues to act as the prime key organising symbol. As such, När socken forms the prime focus for the processes of identity formation and the most important forum for passing information, decision-making and implementation. On the one hand, the individual farms, with links of kinship, neighbourhood, co-operation, and co-ownership, constitute the basis for the formation of social ties within the socken. On the other, such ties are also established by popular participation in an astounding amount of voluntary associations as well as quite a few projects benefiting the community as a whole. These are undertakings that mobilise the absolute majority of the population. These processes have here been summarised as När’s socken-democracy. To the outsider the projects are the most obvious result of localised popular participation. From a local point of view these projects are, apart from being socially and economically significant, primarily regarded as sources of enjoyment - the satisfaction of which is considered in itself the single most important reason to participate in any collective social action. När socken is successfully represented as a thoroughly dynamic "modern" industrious and thriving community. At the same time it is regionally regarded as one of the most traditional Gotlandic farming socken with all the connotations of a warm-embracing but also somewhat backward, marginalised community. These rather contradictory rhetoric tools are successfully employed by the spokespersons as they, in unison, represent the community. However, the spokespersons of När socken are not a homogenous group with a single goal. Local solidarity obscures the fact that the presentation is based on a complex process. One can find strong urges among farmers/farms not only to be good enough (duga) but to excel at the cost of one’s neighbours, there is also a continuos competition to define what is to be the dominant local paradigm. This way of consciously devising rhetorics and keep a firm line between the community and the outside may be interpreted as a result of an expressed need to come to terms with political and economic, as well as moral marginalisation of the individual and community. Still, these rhetorics do not directly determine the ways in which the community members interact on När or vice versa. Everyday practices, be they socialising or engaging in a project, answer to a felt need to smoothen out everyday community life. The duality of a symbolically constructed rhetoric identity and local practice may be regarded as complementary ways to construct a viable collective identity in an increasingly individualised and globalised world. The combination of rhetoric and practice can be seen as answers to the expressed local concern as how to make life in the margin a feasible proposition.

La culture indienne a longtemps été identifiée à une philosophie où le monde n’est qu’illusion, où les sens s’avèrent trompeurs, et où, donc, il est nécessaire de se détacher du corps afin d’atteindre une réalité suprême, en dehors de ce monde. Pourtant, une courte immersion dans la réalité quotidienne de l’hindouisme, en particulier par rapport à sa forme dévotionnelle (bhakti) et au rituel de la pūjā s’y rattachant, laisse entendre tout le contraire. Le monde dévotionnel hindou s’avère en fait plongé dans un univers hautement incorporé et sensoriel. La présente thèse se donne pour objectif de réaliser la profondeur de cette nature incorporée et hautement sensorielle de la bhakti hindoue. C’est en envisageant l’utilisation des sens non seulement comme le résultat d’un apprentissage culturel, mais également comme le locus de la connaissance du monde, que la méthodologie proposée par l’anthropologie sensorielle nous permettra de réaliser l’ampleur du rôle joué par le sensorium dans la compréhension, l’acquisition et la communication avec le divin. Nous concentrerons cette étude sur la pūjā hebdomadaire effectuée par la communauté hindoue d’Ottawa au temple Vishva Shakti Durgā. Cette analyse révélera que c’est en utilisant ses sens que le dévot réussit à entrer en contact avec le divin et que c’est également en exploitant divers stimuli sensoriels que le divin réussit à se manifester et à s’incorporer au profit de ses dévots. Le sens de la vision se dévoilera l’un des plus importants dans cette interaction avec les divinités, particulièrement à travers le darśan, mais les autres sens s’avéreront eux aussi essentiels dans cette transaction avec le divin, notamment à travers la musique, les mantras, la prasād, ainsi que les diverses formes de toucher direct ou indirect avec la divinité. Somme toute, cette étude démontrera que la rencontre avec le divin nécessite en soi l’utilisation d’un sensorium sacré. Les diverses perceptions sensorielles engagées dans cette interaction parlent à la fois à la nature humaine et divine de l’être, et permettent dès lors à la vraie nature de l’humain d’entrer en contact avec la vraie et suprême réalité du divin (bhagwān/brahman).

Denna uppsats baseras på en fältstudie genomförd i Faridabad, Indien våren 2007. Syftet är att undersöka vilken roll hinduiska gudinnor spelar för kvinnor. För att uppfylla det syftet studeras också de intervjuade kvinnornas underliggande uppfattningar om jämställdhet.

För att kunna uppfylla syftet med uppsatsen har en kvalitativ metod använts och 19 intervjuer har genomförts. Informanterna har fått svara på frågor som handlar om att vara kvinna i det hinduiska samhället och deras åsikter om hur kvinnors situation bör ändras. När resultaten från intervjuerna analyserats har jag inspirerats av tidigare forskning om genus och Hinduism.

I den hinduiska mytologin finns både gudar och gudinnor. Att dyrka gudinnor kan ses som en källa till makt och inspiration för kvinnor. Därför har jag studerat om informanterna ser på gudinnorna som förebilder. Resultaten visar att det är svårt att avgöra om så är fallet. Ungefär hälften av informanterna sade att det ser gudinnorna som förebilder. I motsats till tidigare forskning nämnde inte informanterna de gudinnor som representerar de egenskaper som den ideala hustrun ska besitta, istället nämndes stridsgudinnan Durga. Tidigare forskning visar dock att även de självständiga gudinnorna som beskrevs av informanterna som förebilder är en del av den patriarkala strukturen. Under intervjuerna framgick att rollen att vara en bra hustru och mor värdesätts högt av informanterna. Detta kan, enligt mig, kopplas till det mest framträdande resultatet som framkom i synen på vad jämställdhetsuppfattningen baseras på. Det gäller uppfattningen om att män och kvinnor föds med olika egenskaper. I motsats till genusteori förstås inte skillnader mellan män och kvinnor som främst socialt konstruerade.

This report is based on a field study that was carried out in Faridabad, India in the spring of 2007. The aim is to study what role the Hindu goddesses play for Hindu women. To fulfil this purpose I am also studying the interviewed women’s underlying understanding regarding gender equality.

To fulfil the aim a qualitative method was chosen and 19 interviews were completed. The informants answered questions about being a woman in the Hindu society and their opinions on how to change women’s situation. While analysing the results I was inspired by previous research on gender and Hinduism.

In the Hindu mythology there are both gods and goddesses. Worshipping goddesses can be seen as a source of power and inspiration for women. Therefore I wanted to study if the informants look at the goddesses as role models. The results show that it is difficult to determine whether or not that is the case. Approximately half of the informants said that they looked at the goddesses as role models. In contrast to previous research the informants did not mention the goddesses that are represented with qualities that the ideal wife should posses, instead Durga, the fight goddess, was mentioned. However, previous research also shows that the independent goddesses that were described as role models by the informants are a part of a patriarchal structure. During the interviews the role of being a good wife and a mother is described as the most important thing for the informants. This can, according to me, be related to the most significant result on what the understanding of gender equality is based on. This is the opinion that men and women are born with different qualities. In contrast to the gender theory, the differences between men and women are not understood as primarily socially constructed.

In Kenya, 69 percent of populations depend on biomass fuels to meet their cooking needs. The incomplete combustion of biomass is performed in insufficiently ventilated settings thus exposing human health and environment to toxic pollution. To date, women and children in resource limited settings have been most vulnerable to severe respiratory infections. The promotion of the Improved Biomass Cookstoves has become a popular issue in policy, research and practice. Community Based Organizations have however faced serious challenges in increasing sustainable use of the cookstoves among users. This qualitative study investigates the role of Community Based Organizations in promoting the Improved Biomass Cookstoves through women’s empowerment initiatives. It applies focus group interviews, questionnaire and formal interviews. 11 interview forms were administered to 30 women, 2 key informants and 3 implementing Community Based Organization representatives in Dunga wetland community. A combination of previous research and this empirical study show that economic resources, small diameter stove designs as well as insufficient policy support hinder effective stove programmes. While there is general adoption, women lack sufficient income and ownership of land which is a significant resource to empowerment. Women informal financial networks are instrumental in driving behavioral change towards clean cooking in the community. Sufficient gender sensitive policy intervention and support can provide effective channels to ensure sustainable incomes of women, livelihoods and stove use.

This thesis deals with the history of the Catholic Social Studies Movement (the Movement), the ALP Industrial Groups and the events leading up to the split in the Labor Party which occurred between 1955 and 1957. These events are portrayed and analysed from the perspective of the Movement and the Industrial Groups. The thesis challenges many of the conventional propositions as to the reasons for, and the facts surrounding the split. Directly challenged is the view that Herbert Vere Evatt was a principled champion of traditional Labor values who acted expeditiously to save the Australian Labor Party from being subverted by a Machiavellian Catholic layman, B.A. Santamaria, for the 'sinister' purposes of Catholic action. Also challenged is the suggestion that the ideology and policies of Movement activists within the Labor Party, were contrary to Labor's platform. It will be argued to the contrary, that Labor in the fifties was impeded by doctrinaire Marxist theory, and hence, the radicalism of the Movement did not sit easily with many of the older power brokers within the labor movement. It will also be argued that The Movement was formed on the initiative of the late B.A. Santamaria and a few associates only after repeated requests from Labour politicians and unionists, often motivated by quite selfish concerns, for assistance in the struggle against Communism in the trade unions. Emphasis will be placed in this thesis on the importance and the role of anti-Catholic sectarianism as a weapon of the Communists and the Extreme Left of the Labor movement against their opponents. An emphasis will be placed on the importance of anti-Catholic sectarianism in determining the outcome of the struggle within the Labor Party and the nature of the split. It will be suggested that Dr Evatt's attack on The Movement and the industrial groups of the 5 October 1954 could not have succeeded without the divisiveness of sectarianism, never far beneath the surface in Australian society of the 50s and 60s. The impact of the Petrov Affair on the internal politics of the Labor party is canvassed. In this regard startling new evidence is advanced by the writer that the ALP parliamentary leader, Dr. Herbert V. Evatt had, in October 1953, several months before the establishment of the Petrov Royal Commission, knowledge of, or at the very least strong grounds for suspicion that his press secretary Fergan O'Sullivan, was a source of information for the Communist party and Ergo, Soviet intelligence. It will also be stated that for reasons known only to himself and about which one can only surmise, Evatt failed to act on the intelligence provided to him concerning the activities of O'Sullivan. Historically speaking, the implications of this revelation concerning Dr Evatt and Fergan 0' Sullivan are considerable.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.
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This study contributes to the search for metrical order in the 90,000 extant long lines of the late fourteenth-century Middle English Alliterative Revival. Using the 'Gawain'-poet's 'Patience' and 'Cleanness', it refutes nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholars who mistook rhythmic liveliness for metrical disorganization and additionally corrects troubling missteps that scholars have taken over the last five years. 'Chapter One: Tame the "Gabble of Weaker Syllables"' rehearses the traditional, but mistaken view that long lines are barely patterned at all. It explains the widely-accepted methods for determining which syllables are metrically stressed and which are not: Give metrical stress to the syllables that in everyday Middle English were probably accented. 'Chapter Two: An Environment for Demotion in the B-Verse' introduces the relatively stringent metrical template of the b-verse as a foil for the different kind of meter at work in the a-verse. 'Chapter Three: Rhythmic Consistency in the Middle English Alliterative Long Line' examines the structure of the a-verse and considers the viability of verses with more than the normal two beats. An empirical investigation considers whether rhythmic consistency in the long line depends on three-beat a-verses. 'Chapter Four: Dynamic "Unmetre" and the Proscription against Three Sequential Iambs' posits an explanation for the unusual distributions of metrically unstressed syllables in the long line and finds that the 'Gawain'-poet's rhythms avoid the even alternation of beats and offbeats with uncanny precision. 'Chapter Five: Metrical Promotion, Linguistic Promotion, and False Extra-Long Dips' takes the rest of the dissertation as a foundation for explaining rhythmically puzzling a-verses. A-verses that seem to have excessively long sequences of offbeats and other a-verses that infringe on b-verse meter prove amenable to adjustment through metrical promotion. 'Conclusion: Metrical Regions in the Long Line' synthesizes the findings of the previous chapters in a survey of metrical tension in the long line. It additionally articulates the key theme of the dissertation: Contrary to traditional assumptions, Middle English alliterative long lines have variable, instead of consistent, numbers of beats and highly regulated, instead of liberally variable, arrangements of metrically unstressed syllables.
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