Relevant bibliographies by topics / Duke Hospital

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Duke Hospital'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Duke Hospital"

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Krishnan, Govind, Matthew R. McCulloch, Sarah Germana, Sophie Shaikh, Jane Trinh, Eve Hammett, Carleen McKenna, and Jazmine Staton. "108. HEPATITIS B VACCINATION IN DUKE UNIVERSITY AND DUKE REGIONAL HOSPITAL NEWBORN NURSERIES." Academic Pediatrics 19, no. 6 (August 2019): e48-e49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2019.05.122.

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Wilkins, Robert H., and David C. Sabiston. "The Duke University Medical Center." Journal of Neurosurgery 78, no. 2 (February 1993): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0301.

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✓ The events leading up to the creation of Duke University, the Duke University School of Medicine, and Duke Hospital are reviewed. The efforts of many individuals during more than 80 years were rewarded by an endowment and then a bequest by James B. Duke that converted Trinity College into Duke University and made possible the origination of its Medical Center. The first neurosurgical operation at the new hospital was performed on July 24, 1930, the fourth day it was open.
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MOORMAN, J. RANDALL. "Digitalis Toxicity at Duke Hospital, 1973 to 1984." Southern Medical Journal 78, no. 5 (May 1985): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198505000-00016.

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Reinecke, Thomas A. "Digitalis toxicity at Duke Hospital, 1973 to 1984." Journal of Emergency Medicine 3, no. 3 (January 1985): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-4679(85)90087-3.

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Mentz, Robert J., Jonathan Buggey, Phillip J. Schulte, Adam D. DeVore, Kevin J. Anstrom, Eric L. Eisenstein, Mona Fiuzat, Christopher M. O'Connor, and Eric J. Velazquez. "Torsemide vs. Furosemide in Heart Failure Patients: Insights from Duke University Hospital." Journal of Cardiac Failure 20, no. 8 (August 2014): S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.06.267.

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Yarrington, Michael E., Elizabeth Dodds Ashley, Melissa D. Johnson, Angelina Davis, April Dyer, Travis M. Jones, Daniel J. Sexton, Deverick J. Anderson, and Rebekah W. Moehring. "2089. Effect of the Duke Antimicrobial Stewardship Outreach Network (DASON): A Multi-Center Time Series Analysis." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S705—S706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1769.

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Abstract Background DASON is a 30-member, community hospital network in the southeastern United States that supports the development and growth of local antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs). Collaborative activities include on-site visits from liaison clinical pharmacists, data sharing for routine feedback and benchmarking, and educational programs. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of antibiotic use (AU) in 17 hospitals that participated in DASON for a minimum of 42 months during 2013–2018. Segmented negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the change in facility-wide AU after an initial 1-year assessment, planning, and ASP intervention initiation period. Baseline AU trend (1 to 12 months) was compared against AU following the first year (13 to 42 months). Monthly AU rates were measured in days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient-days (pd). Models assessed overall AU and specific antibiotic groups, as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network AU option. The models controlled for hospital size, presence of a pre-existing formal ASP upon network entry, and year of network entry. Results Hospital data included a total of 2,988,930 pd over 5 years. Facility-wide AU was increasing during the first year of network entry and then began decreasing by 0.2% per month (P = 0.01, figure). Fluoroquinolone use was stagnant in year one and then decreased by 1.5% per month (P ≤ 0.001, figure). Antifungal agents were decreasing in year one and continued to decrease 0.7% per month thereafter (P = 0.03, figure). Agents predominantly used for resistant Gram-positive infections and broad-spectrum agents used for hospital-onset infections were increasing during year one and then attenuated afterward, though the slope change did not reach statistical significance. The presence of a pre-existing formal ASP was not a significant covariate in any model, while bed size and year of network entry significantly contributed to models of some antibiotic groups. Conclusion Participation in DASON was associated with a decline in total AU and fluoroquinolone use, and a trend toward attenuated use of other broad-spectrum agents in community hospitals. Collaborative network experiences can help local ASPs achieve reductions in AU. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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N/A. "William J. Fulkerson, Jr. Is New Chief Executive Officer of Duke University Hospital." Journal Of Investigative Medicine 50, no. 04 (2002): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6650.2002.33223.

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Hendrix, C. C. "CAREGIVER SUPPORT AFTER HOSPITAL DISCHARGE: THE DUKE ELDER FAMILY CAREGIVER TRAINING (DEFT) PROGRAM." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.266.

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Anlyan, William G. "The Evolution of American Medicine and The Duke Endowment Health Care (Hospital) Division Since 1924." North Carolina Medical Journal 63, no. 2 (March 2002): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.63.2.69.

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Arif, MuhammadMaaz, MuhammadZarrar Arif Butt, and MuhammadAffan Arif Butt. "Exercise tolerance test using duke treadmill: An observational study in a private tertiary care hospital." Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology 10, no. 2 (2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_48_20.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Duke Hospital"

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Kuo, Keng-Chang. "Loss evaluation for medical functionality of hospitals due to earthquakes." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136219.

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Hanh, Hoang Thi My Tran Pham Lan Thuy Vo Thi Ngoc. "Costs of traumatic brain injury due to motorcycle accident at Vietduc Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19495.pdf.

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Ndikwetepo, Monika Ndaudika. "Midwives' experiences of high stress levels due to emergency childbirths in Namibia Regional Hospital." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021162.

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Many midwives throughout the world experienced high stress levels when they deal with emergency childbirths. Midwifery professionals experience certain unique stressors, such as midwives being responsible for the care of women when they are giving birth. Complications of childbirth may occur during labour leading to the life of the baby and the mother being threatened. Situations such as this leave midwives experiencing high levels of stress for which they often do not have effective coping mechanisms. When the stress is not managed, it may lead to burnout. When burnout occurs the midwives present with physical and psychological symptoms of stress, grief for the loss and lack of motivation, which results in staff turnover and a fear of working in a maternity ward. Consequently, patient care may be compromised as some midwives became apathetic and develop unacceptable attitudes toward their patients. Such behavior led to poor work performances, maternity services that are not woman-friendly and women seeing the maternity ward as a place where they are treated in rude and unfriendly manner which increased the chances of adverse childbirth outcomes. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of midwives who have to cope with stress associated with emergency childbirths. This information was used to develop the guidelines to help midwives to cope with the high stress associated with emergency childbirths. The researcher used a phenomenological, qualitative approach. The study was explorative, as little was known on this topic in the Namibian context and it was also descriptive and contextual. Purposive and convenient sampling was used to select the research sample. The research population was all the midwives working in the maternity ward of a Namibian regional hospital, who met the inclusion criteria. Data gathering was done using semi-structured interviews. Once data saturation occurred, interviewing stopped. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Tesch’s eight steps of data analysis were followed to create meaning from the data collected. An independent coder assisted with the coding process to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. Literature control was done after data collection to support and strengthen the study’s findings. Trustworthiness, as suggested by using Lincoln & Guba’s model of trustworthiness, included truth-value/credibility, applicability/transferability, consistency/dependability and neutrality/conformability was implemented. Ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice were ensured by obtaining permission to conduct the research from relevant authorities and from University structures, obtaining consent from the participants before the interviews, voluntary participation and right to withdraw from the study, privacy, confidentiality and dissemination of the results. Three main themes and sub-themes were identified namely: Midwives experienced significant stressors associated with emergency childbirth situations. Midwives experienced mixed emotions about dealing with emergency childbirth situations Midwives shared their views regarding their support needs associated with emergency childbirth situations. Recommendations for nursing education, clinical midwifery and for further research were made. Four guidelines were developed based on the study findings as well as literature related to these findings, to help the midwives to cope with high stress levels associated with emergency childbirths.
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King, Marco-Felipe. "Modelling infection risk due to environmental contamination in hospital single and multi-bed ward accommodation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5886/.

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This research considers whether hospital single rooms are better than multi-bed accommodation at reducing the risk of healthcare-acquired infections. The focus is to provide a mathematical model which quantifies the contamination levels of healthcare workers’ (HCW) hands from surfaces within rooms. This is achieved through a multidisciplinary approach involving computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and biological experimental techniques coupled with clinical observation and Markov Chain Monte-Carlo modelling. Spatial deposition of aerosolised bacteria was measured in a test room under different layouts: An empty room, a single-bed and a two-bed room. Comparison with CFD demonstrates realistic predictions of spatial deposition, and a Reynolds Stress turbulence model yields superior results compared to other models. An observational study of patient care at aWelsh hospital showed that hand hygiene choice and frequency varied strongly. HCWs performing short episodes of care had a predilection for alcohol rub. In other care types the usage of alcohol rub or soap and water was 50/50. HCW surface contact patterns in rooms were modelled by a Markov chain and fed into a mathematical model to calculate the pathogen colonisation level on hands after patient care. A parametric study highlights the differences between care type and colonisation. Results indicate that hand hygiene carried out by nurses may need to be rethought. The model was applied using CFD predicted spatial contamination levels, in both multibed and single rooms. When ventilation rates were equal, hand colonisation differences were small. Results demonstrate that this depends on care type, the number of surface contacts and in particular on the distribution of surface pathogens. Contamination on the HCWs’ hands decreases monotonically after care in single rooms; however increases during contact with subsequent patients in multi-bed rooms. Enforcing hand hygiene due to the knowledge of an infectious patient makes single rooms significantly less risk prone.
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Wood, Richard. "Experimental and theoretical studies of contaminant transport due to human movement in a hospital corridor." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11785/.

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This thesis considers numerical, physical and theoretical modelling approaches to investigate the influence of a person's wake on the dispersion of an airborne pathogen in a hospital corridor and the implications this has in terms of infection risk. The various physical and computational modelling approaches were conducted using geometries corresponding to a 1:15 reduction in length-scale, when compared to the full-scale, and then interpreted in the context of a full-scale scenario in a hospital corridor. The movement of people in a corridor was approximated using a translating circular cylinder. A physical water-bath model was used to investigate contaminant transport using food-dye in a channel with different sized cylinders and translation frequencies. Dye concentrations were quantified through a calibration method dependent upon changes in light-intensity, leading to accurate tracking of the dye and allowing the amount of dye in different regions of the water-bath to be calculated over time. The centre of mass of the dye cloud was found to be dependent upon the square root of the translation frequency, amplitude, cylinder diameter and elapsed time. Based on the hypothesis that the dispersal of the dye could be described by a turbulent diffusion process, a theoretical model was constructed to predict the evolution of the dye concentration using a Gaussian function, which agrees well with experimental data for a broad range of cylinder diameters and translation properties. Two and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were developed to investigate the transport of a passive scalar due to a translating cylinder in a channel, their geometries and boundary conditions bearing close resemblance to the water-bath. Seven turbulence models were tested to determine the most suitable, using the water-bath data for validation. The shear-stress transport (SST) model was found to offer solutions in closest agreement with experimental results and theoretical predictions, as well as offering up to a 70% reduction in computation time compared to SAS, DES and LES turbulence models. The commonly used k-epsilon model was found to be inappropriate for modelling the flows encountered here. The numerical and theoretical models were used to investigate a number of scenarios in a corridor at the full-scale where an infectious contaminant is released. This includes a unidirectional flow applied along the corridor, where it was shown that the wake of the cylinder was still able to transport contaminant `upstream' against the direction of the flow. This implies that a walking person may be able to transport an airborne contaminant in their wake even in the presence of ventilation. Infection risks were calculated for a person making a single pass and multiple passes of the corridor based on the amount of contaminant inhaled and published data on the infectiousness of different pathogens. Results showed that the theoretical model developed here led to each individual breath having its own infection risk based on temporal and spatial differences, whereas a model assuming a well-mixed contaminant distribution did not. Results demonstrate that a person's wake is likely to influence the spread of an airborne contaminant in a hospital corridor, even if ventilated within current recommended guidelines. This highlights that a person's risk of infection, in the presence of airborne pathogens, is partly determined by any human traffic passing through the space before them and not solely on any ventilation within the space, as is often assumed in airborne infection models. Furthermore, the experimental work has provided strong validation data for the CFD models and allowed for the construction of uncomplicated yet powerful theoretical models. It has been shown that, when appropriate modelling assumptions are taken, confidence can be had in CFD predictions of contaminant transport involving complex flow behaviour, such as eddy shedding, within a built environment. The study also confirms that poor selection of `default' modelling assumptions, for example use of the k-epsilon turbulence model, will provide very poor predictions, highlighting need for careful selection of each aspect of a model.
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Mutyala, Sangeetha. "The Descriptive Analysis of US Hospital Admissions due to Seizures in 2013 & 2014:The HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623240505015371.

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Navaratnarajah, Paramalingam Kandasamy. "Child malnutrition mortality at St Barnabas Hospital is high - is it due to practices and attitudes of staff?: a study in a rural district hospital." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The case fatality rate for malnutrition at St Barnabas Hospital over the past years has been around 38%. The rates in other district hospitals in the Eastern Cape province were found to be in excess of 30%. In June 2000, the Eastern Cape Department of Health introduced a protocol for in-patient management of children with severe malnutrition, with the aim of reducing case fatality rate below 10%. St Barnabas Hospital introduced the Eastern Cape protocol in August 2003. An evaluation was done in November 2003 to assess the protocol's impact on the case fatality rate. The rate remained high, at 37.5%. This study descibed the current practices and attitudes of the nurses as St Barnabas Hospital paediatric ward, in the management of severely malnourished childen.
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Curtis, Megan E. "Due to a Bone Marrow Transplant, is Loneliness From Hospital Isolation a Predictor of Health Outcomes." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/515.

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Previous research indicates loneliness affects physiological and quality of life outcomes in oncology populations. However, minimal research has been conducted specifically on bone and blood marrow transplant (BMT) patients (Knight et al., 2013). To further explore this issue, we conducted a preliminary study to examine the relationship of loneliness with quality of life, immunological functioning, and other health indicators at six months post-transplant in BMT patients. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapies–BMT (FACT-BMT) was used to measure QOL and the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 was used to assess general loneliness and loneliness experienced during hospitalization. We found that experiencing loneliness during hospital stay and experiencing loneliness in general was negatively associated with overall quality of life six months after a BMT. Specially, hospital loneliness was associated with poorer social well-being and poorer functional well-being; and loneliness in general was associated with poorer social well-being. In addition, loneliness during hospitalization was related to difficulty managing disease symptoms six-months after a transplant. Hospital loneliness was associated with higher neutrophil counts to monocyte counts 30 days after BMT, which is an indicator of poorer overall survival rate. However, loneliness during hospital stay was not associated with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. These results indicate that there is a relation between loneliness experienced during hospitalization and immunological functioning which may adversely impact recovery from a bone marrow transplant.
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Wang, Qin. "Short Term Trend Analysis of Hospital Admissions Due to Red Blood Cell Disorders: Big Data Perspective." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428070351.

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Malton, Samuel R. "Assessing the risk of chemotherapy toxicity and hospital admission due to toxicity: A study of acute chemotherapy toxicity and related hospital admission in a large UK teaching hospital, based on proactive telephone assessment patients." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17448.

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Introduction: Acute chemotherapy toxicity is common and can have negative effects for the patient and health economy and hospitalisation can be necessitated. Aims: To identify the incidence of toxicity and admission, and predictors of toxicity occurrence, severity, hospitalisation and length of stay. Method: Data was obtained from a proactive telephone assessment of acute toxicity 24 hours after administration of a first cycle of chemotherapy to patients in a large UK NHS teaching hospital. Results: 1539 patients were studied and the overall incidence of toxicity was 35.6% (530 patients). Disease site and number of chemotherapy agents given were shown to predict toxicity, with breast and upper gastrointestinal cancers having a higher likelihood of toxicity. Disease was predictive of toxicity grade, with urology, gynaecology and lung cancer patients experiencing higher grades of toxicity than other tumour sites. The rate of hospital admission due to toxicity was 13.1% (203 patients) and median length of stay 3 days (1-28). The risk of admission had some risk factors in common with toxicity. Disease and the number of drugs in the regimen affected the risk of admission, with gynaecology, head and neck and lung cancer patients and patients who received 3 drugs having a higher likelihood of admission. Predictors in the subgroups of breast, colorectal and lung cancer patients did not differ greatly from the whole population and the number of drugs was shown to be a predictor of nausea, vomiting and fatigue when explored as secondary outcomes. Conclusion: The research partly addressed the main aim and highlighted areas where further research is required. Keywords
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Books on the topic "Duke Hospital"

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Médecine dure: L'hôpital en question. Paris: Stock, 1985.

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Caring by the hour: Women, work, and organizing at Duke Medical Center. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988.

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I matti del Duce: Manicomi e repressione politica nell'Italia fascista. Roma: Donzelli editore, 2014.

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Physicians and Hospitals: The Great Partnership at the Crossroads (Duke Press Policy Studies). Duke University Press, 1985.

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Barber, Mary, Flavio Casoy, and Rachel Zinns. State Psychiatric Hospitals. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0016.

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State hospitals have represented an increasingly small piece of the public mental health system due to deinstitutionalization and ongoing hospital downsizing and closure. However, state hospitals continue to treat people with the most serious and complex mental illnesses. Freedom from the need to produce revenue and the luxury of time are two factors that leave state hospitals vulnerable to cuts but are also clinical assets. In this chapter, two cases illustrating histories common to patients treated in the state hospital are discussed—a patient with complex trauma and a patient with schizophrenia—exploring how state hospital systems can be designed to support individuals in their pursuit of recovery.
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Dodd, William. An account of the rise, progress, and present state of the Magdalen Hospital, for the reception of penitent prostitutes. Together with Dr. Dodd's ... Highness the Duke of York Fourth edition. Gale ECCO, Print Editions, 2010.

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Norko, Michael A., Craig G. Burns, and Charles Dike. Hospitalization. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0027.

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A significant number of people with serious mentally illness are found in correctional settings and must be provided with clinical care commensurate with their needs. Many of those needs may be met within the mental health care systems established in jails and prisons. When clinical conditions are more complex and require more intensive management, the availability of hospital level of care becomes important. The relationship for care for an incarcerated patient between acute psychiatric care in jails and prisons on the one hand and forensic or community hospitals on the other varies by jurisdiction. While the decision to pursue hospitalization for an acutely ill inmate is driven chiefly by clinical considerations, it is also influenced by security and safety concerns. These factors need to be considered on an individual basis, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of treatment in an outside hospital versus management in the prison or jail with available resources. Involuntary medication and involuntary hospital transfer implicate important legal rights, the protection of which requires due process established by federal and state laws and case precedents. Clinicians working in corrections and in hospital settings that admit inmates and detainees need to be aware of the relevant procedures required for these involuntary treatment modalities. In all jurisdictions, hospital level care is necessary for a subset of sentenced inmates and jail detainees and must therefore be made available when appropriate. This chapter discusses a variety of models linking psychiatric care across institutional boundaries.
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Lupton, Joshua. Hospital Acquired Pneumonia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0023.

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Pneumonia consists of inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma, typically resulting from a microbial infection. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) occurs in (typically elderly) patients in long-term care facilities, with regular IV therapy, with immunosuppression, or with a history of recent treatment at a hospital. It is associated with high mortality. The majority HAP patients present with some constellation of cough, fever, sputum production, and pleuritic chest pain. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis are at increased risk for pneumonia. The Infectious Disease Society of America requires infiltrates on chest x-ray or other imaging for the diagnosis of pneumonia. For hospitalized patients, empiric antimicrobial therapy for HAP should be given as soon as pneumonia is highly suspected. There is currently a vaccine available against Streptococcus pneumonia that all patients should be offered before discharge from the hospital. The elderly are already more susceptible to HAP due to decreased mobility and increased comorbidities.
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Morley, Peter Thomas. Pathophysiology and causes of cardiac arrest. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0061.

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Sudden cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is still the commonest cause of death globally. CPAs are usually categorized according to where they occur, with out-of-hospital arrests accounting for approximately 75% of CPA deaths and in-hospital the remaining 25%. The arrests are also sub-categorized according to the initial rhythm, with the best outcomes associated with shockable rhythms. Large registries have demonstrated a variable incidence of out-of-hospital CPAs in adults (50–150/100,000 person years), with a range of outcomes (3–16% survival to hospital discharge). The majority of CPAs in adults are due to cardiac causes, but teaching surrounding the management of cardiac arrests now includes an increased focus on the identification and correction of underlying causes, irrespective of the rhythm. While identifying an underlying cause is often challenging, this is probably one of reasons explaining the improved survival seen with in-hospital compared with the out-of-hospital CPA. The incidence of CPAs in children is highest in infants, and decreases with age. The majority of CPAs in children are due to respiratory causes. Cardiac causes in children and young adults include a variety of familial, genetic, and acquired conditions. The pathophysiology of cardiac arrests is also now better understood. A large number of biochemical pathways are activated as a result of the CPA. These result in the post-cardiac arrest syndrome, which affects many systems in the body, but in particular the brain, heart, and kidneys.
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Vincent, Laura, and Carl Waldmann. Rehabilitation from critical illness after hospital discharge. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0386.

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The majority of patients admitted to intensive care units survive to hospital discharge, but then face a long and challenging functional recovery, due to the physical and psychological sequelae of their critical illness. There is associated physical, emotional, and financial strain on families and care-givers, in addition to the ongoing impact on patients themselves. The optimization of post-ICU morbidity and ‘health-related quality of life’ have thus become key components of the critical care treatment pathway. Structured exercise rehabilitation programmes, tailored to the specific needs of individual patients can enhance the long-term recovery from critical illness, but the practical implementation of such programmes remains inconsistent and non-standardized. Validated screening and assessment tools are being developed to identify those patients who would benefit from post-ICU rehabilitation programmes, target the specific needs of individuals and monitor the response to treatment. Ongoing research aims to determine the features of a successful post-ICU rehabilitation programme, with respect to the location and supervision of the regime, and the actual content of the intervention. Rehabilitation commenced as soon as possible after hospital discharge is likely to be most effective, but further evidence is required to identify the timing of treatment that would achieve the optimal therapeutic impact. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence have issued a post-ICU rehabilitation guideline. As well as providing a framework for implementation of such a programme, this further endorses the understanding that exercise rehabilitation can no longer be considered an afterthought and should be fully incorporated into the critical care treatment pathway.
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Book chapters on the topic "Duke Hospital"

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Stirano, Federico, Francesco Lubrano, Giacomo Vitali, Fabrizio Bertone, Giuseppe Varavallo, and Paolo Petrucci. "Cross-Domain Security Asset Management for Healthcare." In Cyber-Physical Security for Critical Infrastructures Protection, 139–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69781-5_10.

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AbstractHealthcare is one of the most peculiar between all Critical Infrastructures due to its context and role in the society. The characteristics of openness and pervasive usage of IT systems and connected devices make it particularly exposed to both physical threats, such as theft and unauthorized access to restricted areas, and cyber attacks, like the notorious wannacry ransomware that abruptly disrupted the British National Health System in May 2017. Even the recent COVID-19 pandemic period has been negatively characterized by an increase of both physical and cyber incidents that specifically targeted hospitals and undermined an essential public service like healthcare. Effective security solutions are necessary in order to protect and enhance the resiliency of the Critical Infrastructures. This paper presents the work being developed in the context of the SAFECARE H2020 project, that specifically considers the requirements for security of hospitals. A particular focus is given to the asset management that consider cross-domain aspects of security, like the physical location and virtual connections that link different components of a hospital. This allows advanced knowledge that enables to infer and forewarn of possible elaborated cyber-physical kill chains. This is particularly important and useful during crisis, as allows to have a holistic overview of the status of the hospital and the potential impacts of one or more incidents to the critical assets. The description and simulation of an attack scenario is also given, together with the description of the messages exchanged by the security systems and the information made available to security operators.
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Apostoli, P., R. Lucchini, and L. Alessio. "Health Risks Due to Chemical Substances Exposure in Biomedical Laboratories." In Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in Hospitals, 231–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8773-0_23.

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Schwaber, Mitchell J., Yehuda Carmeli, and Stephan Harbarth. "Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infection due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)." In Antibiotic Policies, 105–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1734-8_9.

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Wanjala, Samson, N. M. Murugu, and J. G. K. Matl. "Mortality Due to Abortion at Kenyatta National Hospital, 1974-1983." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 41–53. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720967.ch5.

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Møller, Naja L. Holten, and Pernille Bjørn. "In Due Time: Decision-Making in Architectural Design of Hospitals." In COOP 2016: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems, 23-27 May 2016, Trento, Italy, 191–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33464-6_12.

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Tripathi, Shubhanshu, Himanshu Sharma, and Tarun Gupta. "Prediction of Hospital Visits for Respiratory Morbidity Due to Air Pollutants in Lucknow." In Pollution Control Technologies, 231–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0858-2_11.

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Aarts, Emile, Hein Fleuren, Margriet Sitskoorn, and Ton Wilthagen. "The Dawn of a New Common." In The New Common, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65355-2_1.

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AbstractOn Thursday, February 27, 2020, during a live broadcast on television, Minister Bruno Bruin is handed a note saying that it has just been confirmed that a patient with the coronavirus has been identified in the Netherlands. Allegedly, it concerns a man who is placed in isolation in the Elisabeth-Tweesteden hospital in Tilburg.This is where the story of our book starts. The hospital mentioned by the minister is hardly a kilometer away from our university, Tilburg University. Things now start to develop quickly. During several weeks, the region of Tilburg becomes the “Corona Capital” of the Netherlands in terms of the number of people infected. On March 18, Minister Bruno Bruins collapses due to exhaustion during a debate in the Government’s House of Representatives. The following day, he resigns and soon after is temporarily replaced by a politician of a party that is not part of the current political coalition. Two days earlier, the country had gone into a lockdown after a historical speech of Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte.
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Rodney, S., and A. Boneh. "Amino Acid Profiles in Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders at Admission to Hospital due to Metabolic Decompensation." In JIMD Reports, 97–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2012_186.

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Sekhar Reddy, Nallamilli V. S. "Medical Emergencies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Practice." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 49–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_4.

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AbstractOral and Maxillofacial Surgery has evolved over the last few decades. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons also deal with medical emergencies in an office or hospital setting on a regular basis. Emergency team response in most countries is prompt. However, in some parts of the world, the response time of the emergency team is expected to be comparatively longer, due to various policy issues. The chapter considers these special circumstances, to suggest some additional measures toward the management of the emergency, while waiting for the arrival of the emergency team. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons are expected to be well versed with this life-saving simple clinical skill and the protocols discussed here take this into consideration.
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Miller, Craig A. "Houston: 1960–1969." In A Time for All Things, 386–443. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190073947.003.0008.

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As the 1960s begin, Baylor, Methodist Hospital, and the Texas Medical Center all undergo substantial growth. DeBakey begins his lifelong friendship with Princess Lilian of Belgium. Studies begin to elucidate the nature of atherosclerotic disease, while Cooley and DeBakey grow apart. President Lyndon B. Johnson appoints DeBakey to lead the Commission on Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke. DeBakey’s team performs early coronary artery bypass and an aortic aneurysm surgery on the Duke of Windsor. Accolades and publicity accrue for DeBakey. Work begins on artificial heart pumps. Heart transplants become a transient sensation. Restructuring of Baylor medical school results in DeBakey’s Presidency.
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Conference papers on the topic "Duke Hospital"

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Japarova, Damira. "Formation of a Market Model in the Financing of Health Care in the Kyrgyz Republic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02235.

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Due to the collapse of the Union, there was a reduction in funding for health care costs, as well as deterioration in the infrastructure and quality of medical services. The transitional economy in the Kyrgyz Republic has identified additional features in the health system. The main ones are the low level of funding, the presence of the shadow market of medical services, inefficient structure and the prevalence of high-cost hospital treatment. The market mechanism is developing, however, without state regulation. The Kyrgyz Republic continues to reform its health-care system. The task was to improve the methods of their financing. New mechanisms for financing medical services have been introduced. Despite the reduction in the number of hospitals, the number of patients treated in hospitals has increased.
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Gontina S, Willia, and Atik Nurwahyuni. "Determinants of Inpatient Cost for Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarct at Mayapada Hospital, Tangerang." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.27.

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ABSTRACT Background: Inpatient health services for heart attack patients is a complex problem and the highest billing rate in hospitals. Due to the high cost of hospitalization, delay treatment cases may cause fatal health consequences. This study aimed to determine factors affecting the inpatient cost for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction at Mayapada hos­pital, Tangerang, West Java. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mayapada hospital, Tangerang, West Java, from July to December 2019. A sample of 31 patients diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was selected by total sampling. The dependent variable was total inpatient service costs counted according to the clinical pathway. The independent variables were doctor in charge presented the direct cost, age, gender, patient’s distance to hospital, payment method, and length of stay. The data were collected using medical records. The data were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results: Inpatient service cost in STEMI patients was positively associated with the doctor direct cost (b= 0.51; p= 0.003), distance to hospital (b= 0.13; p= 0.501), and length of stay (b= 0.39; p= 0.330). Inpatient service cost in STEMI patients was negatively associated with age (b= -0.30; p= 0.107), gender (b= -0.13; p= 0.550), and payment method (b= -0.26; p= 0.214). Conclusion: Inpatient service cost in STEMI patients have a positive association with the doctor direct cost, distance to hospital, length of stay, and negative association with age, gender, and payment method. Keywords: inpatient service cost, length of stay, STEMI patients Correspondence: Willia Gontina S. Masters Program in Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: amyamandacp@gmail.com. Mo­bile: +6281280778000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.27
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Özcan, Irfan, Gökhan Aba, and Metin Ateş. "The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Nurses on Anticipated Turnover." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01592.

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Today, there is an intense competition regarding the provision of private health services. In the context of such competition, it is important to provide that health personnel commit to their jobs and have job satisfaction in order for hospitals to thrive. However, perceptions and cognitions related to leaving employment are affected due to the specific features of health services and due to the heavy workload of personnel. The current study was conducted in order to determine the effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on employee turnover rates among health personnel. A total of 415 nurses who were employed in 5 private hospitals located in Istanbul completed questionnaires. In the study, expected employee turnover, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction scales were administered. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 software. It was found that expected employee turnover levels showed significant differences according to the demographic features of the nurses. In addition, employee turnover rates were negatively related to organizational commitment and job satisfaction. According to this, employee turnover levels decrease as organizational commitment and job satisfaction increase. Based on these results, it is recommended that hospital administrations should place importance on programs that aim to increase organizational commitment and job satisfaction among nurses in order to reduce employee turnover rates.
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Musabaike, W., Y. Wu, C. Morris, and S. Heales. "063 Quality improvement project on reducing laboratory sample rejection due to pre-analytical errors – improving patient experience, quality and efficiency." In Great Ormond Street Hospital Conference 2018: Continuous Care. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/goshabs.63.

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Ju, Bu Seog, Sashi Kath Tadinada, and Abhinav Gupta. "Fragility Analysis of Threaded T-Joint Connections in Hospital Piping Systems." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57958.

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The cost of damage to the non-structural systems in critical facilities like nuclear power plants and hospitals can exceed 80% of the total cost of damage during an earthquake. Studies assessing damage from the 1974 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes reported a widespread failure of non-structural components like sprinkler piping systems (Ayer and Phillips, 1998). The failure of piping systems led to leakage of water and subsequent shut-down of hospitals immediately after the event. Consequently, probabilistic seismic fragility studies for these types of structural configurations have become necessary to mitigate the risk and to achieve reliable designs. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate seismic fragility of threaded T-joint connections found in typical hospital floor piping systems. Numerous experiments on threaded T-joints of various sizes subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading conducted at University of Buffalo indicate that the “First Leak” damage state is observed predominantly due to excessive flexural deformations at the T-joint section. The results of the monotonic and cyclic loading tests help us evaluate the following characteristics for a given pipe size and material: (i) Maximum allowable value of rotational deformation at the T-joint section to prevent “First Leak” damage state; (ii) The force-displacement and moment-rotation relationships at the T-joint section. A non-linear finite element model for the T-joint system is formulated and validated with the experimental results. It is shown that the T-joint section can be satisfactorily modeled using non-linear rotational springs. The system-level fragility of the complete piping system corresponding to the “First Leak” damage state is determined from multiple time-history analyses using a Monte-Carlo simulation accounting for uncertainties in demand.
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Tasbihgoo, Farzad, John P. Caffrey, and Sami F. Masri. "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of a Threaded Pipe Connection." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2293.

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For the past several years, USC has been involved in a major research project to study the seismic mitigation measures of nonstructural components in hospitals funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). It was determined that piping was the one of the most critical components affecting the functionality of a hospital following an earthquake. Consequently, a substantial effort was spent on quantifying the behavior of typical piping components. During the loading of the threaded joint, it was common to hear a loud popping sound, followed by a small water leak. It was assumed that the sound and leakage were due to the sliding of the mating pipe threads. To confirm this theory, and to provide a tool to help understand the failure mode(s) for a wide class of threaded fittings, a detailed nonlinear finite element model was constructed using MSC/NASTRAN, and correlated to the measured failures. In this paper, a simplified model is presented first to demonstrate the modeling procedure and to help understand the sliding phenomenon. Next, a symmetric half 3D model was generated for modeling the physical experiments. It is shown that the finite element analysis (FEA) of the threaded connections captures the dominant mechanism that was observed in the experimental tests.
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Avari, H. `., R. J. Hiebert, M. B. Peddle, A. A. Ryzynski, J. A. Smith, J. Nardi, R. Pinto, et al. "A Quantitative Study of Particle Dispersion Due to Respiratory Support Modalities in Pre-Hospital and In-Hospital Critical Care Environments." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2600.

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Prabowo, Nurhasan Agung, Hendrastutik Apriningsih, Paramasari Dirgahayu, Tonang Dwi Ardyanto, Muchtar Hanafi, Astri Tantri Indriani, Frieska Dyanneza, Niken Dyah Aryani Kuncorowati, and Laily Shofiyah. "The Decrease in Hospital Visits at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital Due to the Level of Stress and Fear of COVID 19." In 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020–Health Science and Nursing (ICoSIHSN 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210115.021.

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Çaha, Ömer. "Work and Family Conflict: The Case of Women in the Turkish Health Sector." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02123.

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This study focuses on employment status and mobilization processes of women at 102 hospitals in 12 provinces of Turkey. The main question of the research is whether women face glass ceiling problem at hospitals, which are the locomotive stations of the healthcare sector. According to research findings based on institutional analysis, questionnaires and in-depth interviews, there is an obvious glass ceiling problem at hospitals. Although the proportion of women working at hospitals is higher than that of men, there are more men at administrative level than women. In this respect, no significant difference has been found between private hospitals and public hospitals. In both sectors, women clearly fall behind men regarding mobilization processes. This is due to working conditions and social relations within hospitals as well as personal preferences.
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Maeda, T., O. Charran, and E. Bang. "Extensive Hand Hematoma Requiring Urgent Inter-Hospital Transfer Due to Acute Compartment Syndrome." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6555.

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Reports on the topic "Duke Hospital"

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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Nikhil K. Mull, Shazia M. Siddique, S. Ryan Greysen, Meghan B. Lane-Fall, and Amy Y. Tsou. Interventions To Decrease Hospital Length of Stay. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb40.

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Background. Timely discharge of hospitalized patients can prevent patient harm, improve patient satisfaction and quality of life, and reduce costs. Numerous strategies have been tested to improve the efficiency and safety of patient recovery and discharge, but hospitals continue to face challenges. Purpose. This Technical Brief aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge and emerging concepts regarding systematic strategies that hospitals and health systems can implement to reduce length of stay (LOS), with emphasis on medically complex or vulnerable patients at high risk for prolonged LOS due to clinical, social, or economic barriers to timely discharge. Methods. We conducted a structured search for published and unpublished studies and conducted interviews with Key Informants representing vulnerable patients, hospitals, health systems, and clinicians. The interviews provided guidance on our research protocol, search strategy, and analysis. Due to the large and diverse evidence base, we limited our evaluation to systematic reviews of interventions to decrease hospital LOS for patients at potentially higher risk for delayed discharge; primary research studies were not included, and searches were restricted to reviews published since 2010. We cataloged the characteristics of relevant interventions and assessed evidence of their effectiveness. Findings. Our searches yielded 4,364 potential studies. After screening, we included 19 systematic reviews reported in 20 articles. The reviews described eight strategies for reducing LOS: discharge planning; geriatric assessment or consultation; medication management; clinical pathways; inter- or multidisciplinary care; case management; hospitalist services; and telehealth. All reviews included adult patients, and two reviews also included children. Interventions were frequently designed for older (often frail) patients or patients with chronic illness. One review included pregnant women at high risk for premature delivery. No reviews focused on factors linking patient vulnerability with social determinants of health. The reviews reported few details about hospital setting, context, or resources associated with the interventions studied. Evidence for effectiveness of interventions was generally not robust and often inconsistent—for example, we identified six reviews of discharge planning; three found no effect on LOS, two found LOS decreased, and one reported an increase. Many reviews also reported patient readmission rates and mortality but with similarly inconsistent results. Conclusions. A broad range of strategies have been employed to reduce LOS, but rigorous systematic reviews have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness within medically complex, high-risk, and vulnerable populations. Health system leaders, researchers, and policymakers must collaborate to address these needs.
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Brown, Yolanda, Twonia Goyer, and Maragaret Harvey. Heart Failure 30-Day Readmission Frequency, Rates, and HF Classification. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2020.0002.

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30 Day Hospital Readmission Rates, Frequencies, and Heart Failure Classification for Patients with Heart Failure Background Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide among patients. Both the incidence and the prevalence of heart failure are age dependent and are relatively common in individuals 40 years of age and older. CHF is one of the leading causes of inpatient hospitalization readmission in the United States, with readmission rates remaining above the 20% goal within 30 days. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services imposes a 3% reimbursement penalty for excessive readmissions including those who are readmitted within 30 days from prior hospitalization for heart failure. Hospitals risk losing millions of dollars due to poor performance. A reduction in CHF readmission rates not only improves healthcare system expenditures, but also patients’ mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. Purpose The purpose of this DNP project is to determine the 30-day hospital readmission rates, frequencies, and heart failure classification for patients with heart failure. Specific aims include comparing computed annual re-admission rates with national average, determine the number of multiple 30-day re-admissions, provide descriptive data for demographic variables, and correlate age and heart failure classification with the number of multiple re-admissions. Methods A retrospective chart review was used to collect hospital admission and study data. The setting occurred in an urban hospital in Memphis, TN. The study was reviewed by the UTHSC Internal Review Board and deemed exempt. The electronic medical records were queried from July 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019 for heart failure ICD-10 codes beginning with the prefix 150 and a report was generated. Data was cleaned such that each patient admitted had only one heart failure ICD-10 code. The total number of heart failure admissions was computed and compared to national average. Using age ranges 40-80, the number of patients re-admitted withing 30 days was computed and descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using Microsoft Excel and R. Results A total of 3524 patients were admitted for heart failure within the six-month time frame. Of those, 297 were re-admitted within 30 days for heart failure exacerbation (8.39%). An annual estimate was computed (16.86%), well below the national average (21%). Of those re-admitted within 30 days, 50 were re-admitted on multiple occasions sequentially, ranging from 2-8 re-admissions. The median age was 60 and 60% male. Due to the skewed distribution (most re-admitted twice), nonparametric statistics were used for correlation. While graphic display of charts suggested a trend for most multiple re-admissions due to diastolic dysfunction and least number due to systolic heart failure, there was no statistically significant correlation between age and number or multiple re-admissions (Spearman rank, p = 0.6208) or number of multiple re-admissions and heart failure classification (Kruskal Wallis, p =0.2553).
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Holland, Darren, and Nazmina Mahmoudzadeh. Foodborne Disease Estimates for the United Kingdom in 2018. Food Standards Agency, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.squ824.

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In February 2020 the FSA published two reports which produced new estimates of foodborne norovirus cases. These were the ‘Norovirus Attribution Study’ (NoVAS study) (O’Brien et al., 2020) and the accompanying internal FSA technical review ‘Technical Report: Review of Quantitative Risk Assessment of foodborne norovirus transmission’ (NoVAS model review), (Food Standards Agency, 2020). The NoVAS study produced a Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment model (QMRA) to estimate foodborne norovirus. The NoVAS model review considered the impact of using alternative assumptions and other data sources on these estimates. From these two pieces of work, a revised estimate of foodborne norovirus was produced. The FSA has therefore updated its estimates of annual foodborne disease to include these new results and also to take account of more recent data related to other pathogens. The estimates produced include: •Estimates of GP presentations and hospital admissions for foodbornenorovirus based on the new estimates of cases. The NoVAS study onlyproduced estimates for cases. •Estimates of foodborne cases, GP presentations and hospital admissions for12 other pathogens •Estimates of unattributed cases of foodborne disease •Estimates of total foodborne disease from all pathogens Previous estimates An FSA funded research project ‘The second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community’, published in 2012 and referred to as the IID2 study (Tam et al., 2012), estimated that there were 17 million cases of infectious intestinal disease (IID) in 2009. These include illness caused by all sources, not just food. Of these 17 million cases, around 40% (around 7 million) could be attributed to 13 known pathogens. These pathogens included norovirus. The remaining 60% of cases (equivalent to 10 million cases) were unattributed cases. These are cases where the causal pathogen is unknown. Reasons for this include the causal pathogen was not tested for, the test was not sensitive enough to detect the causal pathogen or the pathogen is unknown to science. A second project ‘Costed extension to the second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community’, published in 2014 and known as IID2 extension (Tam, Larose and O’Brien, 2014), estimated that there were 566,000 cases of foodborne disease per year caused by the same 13 known pathogens. Although a proportion of the unattributed cases would also be due to food, no estimate was provided for this in the IID2 extension. New estimates We estimate that there were 2.4 million cases of foodborne disease in the UK in 2018 (95% credible intervals 1.8 million to 3.1 million), with 222,000 GP presentations (95% Cred. Int. 150,000 to 322,000) and 16,400 hospital admissions (95% Cred. Int. 11,200 to 26,000). Of the estimated 2.4 million cases, 0.9 million (95% Cred. Int. 0.7 million to 1.2 million) were from the 13 known pathogens included in the IID2 extension and 1.4 million1 (95% Cred. Int. 1.0 million to 2.0 million) for unattributed cases. Norovirus was the pathogen with the largest estimate with 383,000 cases a year. However, this estimate is within the 95% credible interval for Campylobacter of 127,000 to 571,000. The pathogen with the next highest number of cases was Clostridium perfringens with 85,000 (95% Cred. Int. 32,000 to 225,000). While the methodology used in the NoVAS study does not lend itself to producing credible intervals for cases of norovirus, this does not mean that there is no uncertainty in these estimates. There were a number of parameters used in the NoVAS study which, while based on the best science currently available, were acknowledged to have uncertain values. Sensitivity analysis undertaken as part of the study showed that changes to the values of these parameters could make big differences to the overall estimates. Campylobacter was estimated to have the most GP presentations with 43,000 (95% Cred. Int. 19,000 to 76,000) followed by norovirus with 17,000 (95% Cred. Int. 11,000 to 26,000) and Clostridium perfringens with 13,000 (95% Cred. Int. 6,000 to 29,000). For hospital admissions Campylobacter was estimated to have 3,500 (95% Cred. Int. 1,400 to 7,600), followed by norovirus 2,200 (95% Cred. Int. 1,500 to 3,100) and Salmonella with 2,100 admissions (95% Cred. Int. 400 to 9,900). As many of these credible intervals overlap, any ranking needs to be undertaken with caution. While the estimates provided in this report are for 2018 the methodology described can be applied to future years.
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Introducing magnesium sulphate for the management of pregnancy induced hypertension. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1012.

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Global studies have demonstrated that using magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) to manage hypertensive disease in pregnancy reduces morbidity and mortality due to severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, one of the five direct causes of maternal death. Many countries have been slow to introduce MgSO4 to the detriment of women’s health. There are also critical gaps in health-care provider knowledge, skills, and practice in management of eclampsia. Although the use of MgSO4 was introduced successfully to the Maternity Unit at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, in 2001, there has been no systematic introduction of the drug across the country. Generally, the only facilities utilizing MgSO4 are those supported by development partners and some mission hospitals. In response to requests from health-care managers and providers in Western Province to be trained in the use of MgSO4, a two-day practical training program was developed. As noted in this brief, the main objective of the training was to ensure that participants had specific skills for preventing and managing severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
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