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Journal articles on the topic 'Duobinary return to zero'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Yankho, Alexander Chitungu, Singh Gurmeet, and Kumar Verma Dinesh. "Performance of Carrier- Suppressed Return-to-Zero(CSRZ), Duo binary Return-to-Zero(DRZ) and Modified Duo binary Return-to-Zero(MDRZ) Modulation Methods in WDM-PON Systems." International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 22–25. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijsce.A3452.0710120.

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In this paper the different modulation techniques used in fiber optic technology are compared to check which one has the better bit error rate (BER). There are a number of different modulation techniques used in WDN-PON systems but here the comparison is made among carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ), duobinary return-to-zero (DRZ) and modified duobinary return-to-zero (MDRZ) modulation. The comparison to determine which is better is made my performing simulations in OptiSystem version 17 software. OptiSystem 17 is the current version of the software at the time the simulations were being

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2

Kurbatska, I., V. Bobrovs, S. Spolitis, P. Gavars, G. Ivanovs, and R. Parts. "Investigation on Maximum Available Reach for Different Modulation Formats in WDM-PON Systems." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 53, no. 4 (2016): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2016-0030.

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Abstract Considering the growing demand for broadband of access networks, in the present paper we investigate various modulation formats as a way of increasing the performance of optical transmission systems. Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying, return-to-zero (RZ) OOK, carrier suppressed RZ (CSRZ) OOK, duobinary (DB), NRZ differential phase shift keying (NRZDPSK), RZ-DPSK and CSRZ-DPSK formats are compared using the maximal achievable reach with bit error rate less than 10−9 as a criterion. Simulations are performed by using OptSim software tool. It is shown that using the transmission sys

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3

Kun Qiu, 邱昆, and 凌云 Yun Ling. "Novel optical packet with non-return-to-zero label and duobinary carrier-suppressed return-to-zero payload." Chinese Optics Letters 6, no. 2 (2008): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col20080602.0096.

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4

Alsowaidi, Naif, Tawfig Eltaif, and Mohd Ridzuan Mokhtar. "Performance Comparison of Different Modulation Formats for a 40 Gbps Hybrid Optical CDMA/DWDM System against ISI and FWM." Photonics 9, no. 8 (2022): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080555.

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This paper carries out a numerical simulation investigating three different modulation formats: carrier suppressed return to zero (CSRZ), modified duobinary return to zero (MDRZ) and return to zero (RZ). The purpose of this investigation is to find the optimum modulation format for the hybrid optical code division multiple accesses–dense wavelength division multiplexing (optical CDMA/DWDM) system with the implementation of an electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) at a data rate of 40 Gbps per channel, with a transmitted power of 22 dBm and transmission distance of 105.075 km. The results reveal

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5

He Binbin, 贺彬彬, 凌云 Ling Yun, 廖丽丹 Liao Lidan, 申甦祺 Shen Suqi, 邱昆 Qiu Kun, and 郑勉 Zheng Mian. "Method of Multi-Wavelength Duobinary-Carrier-Suppressed-Return-to-Zero Optical Packets Generation." Acta Optica Sinica 35, no. 4 (2015): 0406007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201535.0406007.

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6

Eid, Mahmoud M. A., Ashraf S. Seliem, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed, Mohamed Yassin Ali, and Shaimaa S. Abaza. "Duobinary modulation/predistortion techniques effects on high bit rate radio over fiber systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (2021): 978–86. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp978-986.

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The work has presented duobinary modulation and predistortion techniques for the radio over fiber system enhancement for achieving security level. Duobinary modulation technique has more compact modulated spectral linewidth with standard non return to zero modulation code. Different NRZ/RZ rectangle shape employed that are namely exponential rectangle shape (ERS), and Gaussian rectangle shape (GRS) for different transmission bit rates. Switching bias voltage, and switching RF voltage based LiNbO3 modulator are changed to measure the performance parameters of the radio over fiber (RoF) system.

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7

Malik, Deepak, Geeta Kaushik, and Amit Wason. "Performance Optimization of Optical Amplifiers for High Speed Multilink Optical Networks using Different Modulation Techniques." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (2019): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0090.

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Abstract Next generation optical networks require large capacity communication networks for proper utilization of gain bandwidth of the networks. Optical amplifiers with wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems are the key technologies for the realization of these networks. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of the networks using different modulation techniques, such as return-to-zero (RZ), non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and duobinary. Attempts were taken to design 8 channels, 10 Gbps WDM network at channel spacing of 0.8 nm. An innovative model with EDFA-Raman amplifier is des

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8

Shaban, Ali, Murad Obaid Abed, Ehab Abdul Razzaq Hussein, and H. J. Abd. "A mitigation of channel crosstalk effect in dispersion shifted fiber based on durability of modulation technique." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp891-899.

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In fiber optics the Four Wave Mixing (FWM) has the harmful effect of an optical transmission system that can severely limit Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and reduce the transmission aptness. This work preset the durability of the different modulation format was tested to FWM by using Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF). Moreover, the performance of the proposed system is surveyed by changing the fiber length and applying an information rate of 200 Gb/s. The experimental results show that the FWM capacity has decreased significantly by more than 14 dB when applying Return to Zero (RZ) modul

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9

M. A. Eid, Mahmoud, Ashraf S. Seliem, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed, Mohamed Yassin Ali, and Shaimaa S. Abaza. "Duobinary modulation/predistortion techniques effects on high bit rate radio over fiber systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (2021): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp978-986.

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<span>The work has presented duobinary modulation and predistortion techniques for the radio over fiber system enhancement for achieving security level. Duobinary modulation technique has more compact modulated spectral linewidth with standard non return to zero modulation code. Different NRZ/RZ rectangle shape employed that are namely exponential rectangle shape (ERS), and Gaussian rectangle shape (GRS) for different transmission bit rates. Switching bias voltage, and switching RF voltage based LiNbO<sub>3</sub> modulator are changed to measure the performance parameters of

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10

Ali, Shaban, Obaid Abed Murad, Abdul Razzaq Hussein Ehab, and J. Abd H. "A mitigation of channel crosstalk effect in dispersion shifted fiber based on durability of modulation technique." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 891–99. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp891-899.

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In fiber optics the Four Wave Mixing (FWM) has the harmful effect of an optical transmission system that can severely limit Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and reduce the transmission aptness. This work preset the durability of the different modulation format was tested to FWM by using Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF). Moreover, the performance of the proposed system is surveyed by changing the fiber length and applying an information rate of 200Gb/s. The experimental results show that the FWM capacity has decreased significantly by more than 14dB when applying Return to Zero (RZ) modulat

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11

Shao Yufeng, 邵宇丰, 文双春 Wen Shuangchun, 陈林 Chen Lin, and 余建军 Yu Jianjun. "Additional Applications of Modified Duobinary Return-to-Zero Signal in the Label Switching Optical System." Chinese Journal of Lasers 35, no. 8 (2008): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20083508.1201.

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12

Tahhan, Shaymaa Riyadh, Mudhafar Hussein Ali, and Abdulla Khudhiar Abass. "Characteristics of Dispersion Compensation for 32 Channels at 40 Gb/s Under Different Techniques." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 1 (2019): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0121.

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Abstract In this study, a simulation analysis of 40-Gb/s long-haul (120 km) dense wavelength-division multiplexer system (DWDM) of 32 channels with 50 GHz spacing is conducted for duobinary return-to-zero modulation formats. Pre- and post-dispersion compensation schemes utilizing dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are analyzed to compare these schemes at high bit rate. Quality factor (Q) and bit error rate (BER) values are used to measure the response of the system as a function of input power for both compensation schemes. The pre-FBG scheme shows a better perfo

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13

Wang, Yilin, and Chunlei Zhang. "Research on the modulation format of 40Gb/s WDM-PON system." MATEC Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 03045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235503045.

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In order to meet the transmission needs of WDM-PON system, a WDM-PON full-duplex system based on reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) remodulation was constructed in this paper. The downlink transmission rate of the system was 40Gb/s, and the downlink adopted three modulation formats, namely carrier suppression return to zero (CSRZ), optical duobinary (ODB) and quadrary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4); the uplink transmission rate of the system was 10Gb/s, and the uplink adopted NRZ code. Through the simulation, the transmission performance of the system under these three modula

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14

Jansen, S. L., G. D. Khoe, H. de Waardt, et al. "Mixed data rate and format transmission (40-Gbit/s non-return-to-zero, 40-Gbit/s duobinary, and 10-Gbit/s non-return-to-zero) by mid-link spectral inversion." Optics Letters 29, no. 20 (2004): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.29.002348.

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15

Yu, Yu, Xinliang Zhang, Fei Wang, and Dexiu Huang. "Simple and flexible generation of vestigial side band modified duobinary return-to-zero signals at 10, 20 and 40Gb/s." Optics Communications 283, no. 10 (2010): 2074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.01.037.

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16

Miyamoto, Y., K. Yonenaga, A. Hirano, H. Toba, K. Murata, and H. Miyazawa. "100 GHz-spaced 8 × 43 Gbit/s DWDM unrepeatered transmission over 163 km using duobinary-carrier-suppressed return-to-zero format." Electronics Letters 37, no. 23 (2001): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20010957.

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17

Magidi, Simbarashe, and Taurayi Pondani. "Mode Division Multiplexing Free Space Optical Communication System Performance with Aperture Averaging in Atmospheric Turbulence and Various Weather Conditions." Engineering Innovations 12 (January 3, 2025): 65–76. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-4a6zqm.

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Due to the serious challenge for mobile operators as a result of spectrum congestion in radio frequency spectrum, free space optical (FSO) communication has been considered a timeous alternative especially for future generation high capacity wireless networks. Although FSO offers advantages such as huge data carrying capacity among others, it suffers from the drawback of atmospheric turbulence and adverse weather conditions. As a mitigation to this problem, mode division multiplexing (MDM) has been another research direction. This paper proposes the design and numerical simulation of a hybrid

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18

Binh, Le Nguyen. "Optical transmission of variable-pulse-width alternating-phase duobinary modulation: MATLAB Simulink simulation and comparison with carrier-suppressed return-to-zero amplitude-shift-keying experimental transmission." Optical Engineering 47, no. 7 (2008): 075001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2957965.

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19

Udalcovs, Aleksejs, Toms Salgals, Lu Zhang, et al. "Optical Power Budget of 25+ Gbps IM/DD PON with Digital Signal Post-Equalization." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (2020): 6106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176106.

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While infrastructure providers are expanding their portfolio to offer sustainable solutions for beyond 10 Gbps in the access segment of optical networks, we experimentally compare several modulation format alternatives for future passive optical networks (PONs) aiming to deliver 25+ Gbps net-rates. As promising candidates, we consider the intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) schemes such as electrical duobinary (EDB) and 4-level and 8-level pulse amplitude modulations (PAM-4/8). They are more spectrally efficient than the conventional non-return-to-zero on-off-keying (NRZ-OOK) used in

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20

Southgate, Christopher. "Return To Ground Zero, 2012." Spiritus: A Journal of Christian Spirituality 13, no. 2 (2013): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scs.2013.0029.

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21

Zhuang, Shudong, Wen Yang, Xianming Cheng, et al. "Analysis of Return-to-Zero Error after the First Load of Load Cell." Sensors 23, no. 21 (2023): 8712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218712.

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The return-to-zero error of the resistance strain load cell is most obvious in the first zero-return process during loading and unloading. To improve the accuracy of the load cell, it is necessary to figure out the cause of the error. The influence of the temperature, material, and weld cup were analyzed in this paper. It was concluded that the hysteresis is the main factor affecting the return-to-zero error after the first load. The relationship between hysteresis and zero-return error after first load was obtained by a data fitting algorithm. A method to improve the return-to-zero error afte

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22

Yu Wenke, 余文科, 娄采云 Lou Caiyun, 邢燕飞 Xing Yanfei, 赵晓凡 Zhao Xiaofan, 陆丹 Lu Dan, and 霍力 Huo Li. "Non-Return-to-Zero to Return-to-Zero Format Conversion for Differential Phase Shift Keying." Chinese Journal of Lasers 38, no. 2 (2011): 0205002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201138.0205002.

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23

Sharif, Gazi Mohammad, Quang Nguyen-The, Motoharu Matsuura, and Naoto Kishi. "All-optical polarization-insensitive non-return-to-zero-to-pulsewidth tunable return-to-zero conversion." Optical Review 20, no. 3 (2013): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-013-0048-8.

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24

Rani, Aruna, and Manpreet Singh. "Impact of Different Modulation Data Formats on DWDM System Using SOA With Narrow-Channel Spacing." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (2019): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0093.

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Abstract In this paper, the transmission performance of 64×10 Gbps wavelength division multiplexing system using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with 0.4nm channel spacing has been demonstrated with different modulation data formats. The suitability of various data formats like nonreturn to zero rectangular (NRZ-rectangular), nonreturn to zero raised cosine, return to zero raised cosine, return to zero rectangular, return to zero supergaussian and return to zero soliton for an optical transmission link at ‒40dBm signal input power is evaluated. The results have been carried out by evalua

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25

Hardy, E., H. Ihs, C. Dufaza, S. Meillère, and R. Bouchakour. "Jitter-free return-to-zero generator." Electronics Letters 47, no. 11 (2011): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2011.0572.

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26

Pfennigbauer, Martin, Martin Pauer, Peter J. Winzer, and Martin M. Strasser. "Performance Optimization of Optically Preamplified Receivers for Return-to-zero and Non Return-to-zero Coding." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 56, no. 4 (2002): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1434-8411-54100106.

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27

Sachdeva, Shippu, and Raghav Gupta. "Design of Broadband Passive Optical Network Incorporating Different Modulation Formats and Colorless ONUs." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2327, no. 1 (2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2327/1/012038.

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Abstract In this work, a bidirectional broadband passive optical network (BPON) is proposed at 622.08 Mbps by incorporating colorless optical network units and different pulse shapes such as Duo-binary return to zero (DRZ), return to zero (RZ) and non-return to zero (NRZ). For varied link lengths, launching powers in terms of log BER, and Quality factor for downstream and upstream, the design of BPON is examined. The duo-binary advanced pulse shape outperformed the others in bidirectional BPON, achieving a symmetrical distance of 25 kilometres.

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Koci, Lukas, Petr Munster, Tomas Horvath, Milan Cucka, and Miloslav Filka. "The Influence of Digital Modulations on 320 Gbit/s Optical Time Division Multiplexing." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 11, no. 4 (2015): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v11i4.96.

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In this article the optical time division multiplexingtechnique for high speed point-to-point optical networksis discussed. We performed test of influence of selected types modulation formats in the optical time division multiplexing simulation model with a distance of 30 km. Additionally, this paper focuses on maximum bandwidth usage, improvement of bit error rate and the another goal is to achieve the maximal transmission distance by using of special compensation optical fiber. Optimal length of compensation optical fiber was found and used during simulations. We demonstrated positive influe

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Rezaee, Zabihollah, Phil Malone, and Ghassem Homaifar. "An Assessment Of Event Study Methodologies Using Daily Stock Returns." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 8, no. 1 (2011): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v8i1.6186.

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This paper examines Multinational Stock Price reactions to foreign currency translation, using three alternative residual methodologies. The results reveal that when a crude measure such as Mean Adjusted Return, which makes not explicit risk adjustments is used, the null hypothesis of zero abnormal return is rejected in three out of six events. However, market and risk adjusted residual returns reveal that the null hypothesis of zero abnormal return cannot be rejected.

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Cooray, Vernon, and Andre Lobato. "The Energy, Momentum, and Peak Power Radiated by Negative Lightning Return Strokes." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (2020): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121288.

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Electromagnetic radiation fields generated by return strokes transport both energy and momentum from the return stroke to outer space. The momentum transported by the radiation field has only a vertical or z component due to azimuthal symmetry (cylindrical symmetry) associated with a vertical return stroke. In this paper, the energy, momentum, and peak power radiated by return strokes as a function of the return stroke current, return stroke speed, and the zero-crossing time of the radiation fields are studied. The results obtained by numerical simulations for the energy, vertical momentum, an

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Isnawati, Anggun Fitrian, Riyanto Riyanto, and Ajeng Enggar Wijayanti. "Pengaruh Dispersi Terhadap Kecepatan Data Komunikasi Optik Menggunakan Pengkodean Return To Zero (RZ) Dan Non Return To Zero (NRZ)." JURNAL INFOTEL - Informatika Telekomunikasi Elektronika 1, no. 2 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v1i2.65.

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Fiber optic has characteristics for optical transmission system. One of optical characteristics is pulse broadening, known as dispersion. The dispersion is a condition where pulse in output side is larger than pulse in input side. It means that pulse broadening had happened. In the communication system, it’s known as inter symbol interference (ISI). Effect of Inter symbol interference increasing the error bit or BER value. In optical communication system, dispersion is most influence to the data rate that fiber can support. Besides, bandwidth, information capacity, transmission distance, wavel

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32

Cao, Hui, Javid Atai, Jun Zuo, et al. "Simultaneous multichannel carrier-suppressed return-to-zero to non-return-to-zero format conversion using a fiber Bragg grating." Applied Optics 54, no. 20 (2015): 6344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.54.006344.

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33

Chang, Yung-Cheng, and Gong-Ru Lin. "Injection-locking laser-diode-based OC-192 optical non-return-to-zero-to-return-to-zero OR logic gate." Optics Letters 30, no. 16 (2005): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.30.002074.

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34

Sari, Eka Puspita. "Stock Liquidity and Return Distribution in Emerging Market." Cakrawala Repositori IMWI 7, no. 3 (2024): 976–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52851/cakrawala.v7i3.673.

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Purpose: This study aims to illustrate the relationship between the liquidity of a stock and the return distribution of all companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach: The correlation between stock liquidity and return distribution, represented using skewness and kurtosis methods, was determined by the author through two-way tests using line regression (fixed cross-section regression) and machine learning (random forest regressor) for Indonesia data Stock exchange from 2014 to 2023. Findings: The results indicate a connection between stock liquidity and retu

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Gomes, Thiago Petchak. "OPTIMIZING ZERO BETA PORTFOLIOS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ROBUST AND NORMAL PORTFOLIO METHODOLOGIES." Revista Contemporânea 4, no. 3 (2024): e3631. http://dx.doi.org/10.56083/rcv4n3-107.

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When building a “zero beta portfolio”, neglecting the parameters’ uncertainty may harm the investor. This paper analyzes a way to build a zero beta portfolio that does not consider only the parameter points estimates, but also the beta and the expected return uncertainties. The stocks’ betas and their uncertainties are calculated using the Kalman Filter and the stocks’ expected returns and their uncertainties are calculated from analysts’ price and dividends estimations. The study applied two different methodologies to build a zero beta portfolio: one that maximizes the ratio between the expec

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Grzegorek, Paulina, and Michal Kupsa. "Exponential return times in a zero-entropy process." Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis 11, no. 3 (2012): 1339–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/cpaa.2012.11.1339.

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Kupsa, Michal, and Paulina Grzegorek. "Exponential return times in a zero-entropy process." Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis 11, no. 3 (2011): 1339–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/cpaa.2012.11.1361.

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Ip, E., and J. M. Kahn. "Power spectra of return-to-zero optical signals." Journal of Lightwave Technology 24, no. 3 (2006): 1610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.863328.

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Han Bingchen, 韩丙辰, 于晋龙 Yu Jinlong, 罗俊 Luo Jun, et al. "Multi-Channel All-Optical Non-Return-to-Zero to Return-to-Zero Format Converter Based on Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier." Chinese Journal of Lasers 36, no. 11 (2009): 2962–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20093611.2962.

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Yu Wenke, 余文科, 娄采云 Lou Caiyun, 赵晓凡 Zhao Xiaofan, 陆丹 Lu Dan, and 陈健桦 Chen Jianhua. "Non-Return-to-Zero to Return-to-Zero Format Converter for Quaternary Amplitude Shift Keying Signal Based on Cascaded Modulators." Acta Optica Sinica 31, no. 2 (2011): 0206002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201131.0206002.

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Maram, Reza, Deming Kong, Michael Galili, Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe, and José Azaña. "640 Gbit/s return-to-zero to non-return-to-zero format conversion based on optical linear spectral phase filtering." Optics Letters 41, no. 1 (2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.41.000064.

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42

Liu, Zhixin. "All-optical format conversion from inverse-return-to-zero to non-return-to-zero using a Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer." Optical Engineering 47, no. 7 (2008): 070501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2953996.

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Zou, Xihua, and Jianping Yao. "Repetition-rate-tunable return-to-zero and carrier-suppressed return-to-zero optical pulse train generation using a polarization modulator." Optics Letters 34, no. 3 (2009): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.34.000313.

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44

Xi, Chu. "Analysis of Zero-Cost Collar & Covered Call." BCP Business & Management 29 (October 12, 2022): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v29i.2304.

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This paper introduces two option strategies, zero-cost collar and covered call. After calculating various performance metrics, plotting return graphs, and discussing strategy performance, we show the specific differences between the two options strategies and provide suggestions to investors. The results show that these two strategies do increase overall return, but mainly due to the initial premium received from the shorting call options from the covered call.

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Khanh, Thai Hong Thuy, and Nguyen Cao Anh. "Testing The Validity of Zero-Beta Capm in Vietnamese Stock Market." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 1 (2024): e03680. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n01.pe03680.

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Objectives: This study examines the validity of the Zero-Beta Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in the context of Vietnam's stock market, exploring its potential for sustainable, SDG-aligned investment without relying on a traditional risk-free interest rate. Theoretical Framework: The research builds on Black's (1972) Zero-Beta CAPM framework, addressing limitations of the riskless rate assumption in emerging markets where stable growth is essential. Method: Using a dataset of daily returns from 365 stocks listed on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (2008-2024), the study applies Ordinary

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Arshad, S. N. M., Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Mahdi Izadi, et al. "Review and Evaluation of Characterization First Return Stroke in the Measured Lightning Electric Fields on Malaysia Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.44.

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In this paper, the characterization of measured electric fields on first return stroke due to lightning channel was studied done. Likewise, previous studies on this case were discussed and reviewed accordingly. Furthermore, the first return stroke was analyzed done in detailed and was indicated on the real measured electric fields. Later the results were discussed appropriately. The behaviorsof first return stroke signal has beencharacterized from previous researchers. This study shows themeasured data in detailed, which include there are slow front time, first return stroke peak, time to peak

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Bronski, Jared C., and J. Nathan Kutz. "Guiding-center pulse dynamics in nonreturn-to-zero (return-to-zero) communications systems with mean-zero dispersion." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 14, no. 4 (1997): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.14.000903.

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Rahmah Yulianti and Khairunna. "PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSET, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO DAN RETURN ON EQUITY TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN DI BEI." Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi Akuntansi (JENSI) 4, no. 2 (2020): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jensi.v4i2.2825.

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This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of return on assets, debt to equity ratio and return on equity to stock prices. This study uses secondary data in the form of time horizon data. This research is a combination of cross-sectional studies with longitudinal studies (timeseries) called panel data or pooled data from 2017 to 2019. This research uses quantitative descriptive analysis method by looking at the effect of return on assets, debt to equity ratio and return on equity. The method of collecting data in this study is by means of documentation, namely in the form o

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de Sousa, Fabio Barros, Simone Cristina da Costa Tavares, Jorge Everaldo de Oliveira, et al. "OPTIMIZATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DISPERSION COMPENSATION IN RZ AND NRZ SYSTEMS WITH TRANSMISSION RATES OF 10 GBPS AND 40 GBPS." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 12 (2021): 120075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n12-665.

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Neste trabalho, investigamos um método de compensação de dispersão para as taxas de transmissão de 10 Gbps e 40 Gbps com formatos de modulação retorno ao zero (return to zero - RZ) e não retorno ao zero (non-return to zero - NRZ) usando fibra monomodo (single mode-fiber - SMF) e fibra compensadora de dispersão (dispersion compensating fiber - DCF). A influência da dispersão do compensador DCF com o aumento da potência do laser CW foi estudada, afim de se avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas de comunicação por fibra óptica aqui propostos. Os resultados da simulação foram validados através do forma

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Howard, Tom. "Technical note: Tail behaviour of the statistical distribution of extreme storm surges." Ocean Science 18, no. 3 (2022): 905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-18-905-2022.

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Abstract. The tail behaviour of the statistical distribution of extreme storm surges is conveniently described by a return level plot, consisting of water level (y axis) against average recurrence interval on a logarithmic scale (x axis). An average recurrence interval is often referred to as a “return period”. Hunter's allowance for sea-level rise gives a suggested amount by which to raise coastal defences in order to maintain the current level of flood risk, given an uncertain projection of future mean sea-level rise. The allowance is most readily evaluated by assuming that sea-level annual

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